Oral-prophylaxe最新文献

In summary, many sugar substitutes have a direct effect on dental plaque formation and, therefore, also an indirect effect on hard tooth substance. Short-and long-term clinical studies have shown that xylitol reduces dental plaque. Short-term clinical tests have also demonstrated that sorbitol reduces plaque formation, probably due to retardation of acid formation. With time, this effect, however, diminishes due to adaptation of the microorganisms. Streptococcus mutans count and acid formation in dental plaque are favourably influenced by sugar substitutes, especially by the consumption of xylitol. The effect of sugar substitutes on dental plaque plays an important role for the anticariogenic and caries-reducing mode of action. The development of both caries and periodontal diseases can be favourably influenced by reduced plaque formation.

In two series of clinical tests, the effect of two toothpastes of differing formulation were examined in respect of their plaque removal efficiency and their influence on inflammatory reactions of the periodontal margin. The remarkable improvements in the oral health of a group of "non-dentists" compared to "dentists" are certainly attributable to personal motivation and instruction on oral hygiene with brush and toothpaste, but also to the formulation of the paste which may have influenced these results.

In the study in question, tests were made to determine whether a dental salt, with or without the addition of fluoride, can improve the remineralization effect of the saliva. The experiments were performed in vitro by applying a method in which the dental enamel was softened and rehardened several times within a short period. The Knoop hardness of the enamel surface was used to determine the degree of de- and remineralization. The results clearly confirm the remineralization-promoting effect of the fluoride added to the dental salt.

In a survey, current conceptions regarding the origin of gingivitis and periodontitis, as well as their clinical picture, are described. After the build-up of the bacterial plaque in several phases to form a periodontal pathogenic plaque, following a short, acute stage, a chronic gingivitis soon establishes itself in the neighbouring soft gingival tissue, from which, not inevitably, however, a periodontitis can develop after some years, the osseous parts now also being involved in the periodontal destruction, in which the polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes appear to have a major share. Depending on the age of the patient, progress of the disease, and the composition of the subgingival plaque, endeavours are made to classify the periodontal diseases into four subgroups. In recent years, however, doubt has increased as to whether gingivitis and even the periodontitides can be considered as comprising a single disease. However, this does not affect therapeutic concepts developed on the basis of opinions to date and which, as a rule, are successful, so that, for the time being, there is no reason for a change in this sphere.

Three multi-tufted short-head toothbrushes were compared on 15 test persons, with respect to their efficiency in removing the plaque from margo gingivae and from the interdentium. With a different design of the bristle bed, all three brushes evidenced very little difference in the cleaning effect which, on the basis of the deliberately prescribed short cleaning time at the gingival margin, can be considered as good in respect of all teeth sections and as satisfactory in the approximal area. In individual cases, a slanted bristle bed can lead to better cleaning of the side teeth area.

The prophylactic dental program for 5 to 6 year old pre-school children, which has been conducted in Berlin-Steglitz for the past 10 years, is described, in which not only questions and exercises in respect of oral hygiene and healthy nutrition are included, but also comprehensive demonstrations of what happens in the dental practice. The pre-school program is always in great demand. Children show more willingness to be treated.