Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117963
Jiri A. Mares , Alena Beitlerova , Monika Kotykova , Carmelo D'Ambrosio , Tomas Marek , Jan Tous , Jan Polak , Karel Blazek , Martin Nikl
The detailed scintillation response and properties of newly developed GYAP:Ce single crystals were studied using γ-ray quanta in the 8–1300 keV energy range (light yield, energy resolution, nonproportionality and scintillation decay). The scintillating properties of these multicomponent GYAP:Ce crystals were compared with those of the latest grown YAP:Ce crystals. In general, GYAP:Ce crystals exhibit a higher light yield of up to 30000 ph/MeV against 23000 ph/MeV for YAP:Ce reference crystal. The energy resolution of YAP:Ce is ≈ 4–5% for 662 keV energy of 137Cs source, while for GYAP:Ce crystals values between 5 and 9 % were observed. The non-proportionality of GYAP:Ce crystals reach ∼70-80% at an energy of 10 keV while that of YAP:Ce reaches ∼85 %. 1/e scintillating decay times of GYAP:Ce crystals are between 60 and 100 ns which is almost twice higher than ≈48.8 ns 1/e decay time of YAP:Ce reference crystal. Another difference between GYAP:Ce multicomponent and YAP:Ce crystals is a presence of slow decay components in GYAP:Ce compared with YAP:Ce due to energy transfer processes between Ce3+ impurity and Gd3+ sublattice ions.
{"title":"New development in GYAP:Ce multicomponent perovskites","authors":"Jiri A. Mares , Alena Beitlerova , Monika Kotykova , Carmelo D'Ambrosio , Tomas Marek , Jan Tous , Jan Polak , Karel Blazek , Martin Nikl","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detailed scintillation response and properties of newly developed GYAP:Ce single crystals were studied using γ-ray quanta in the 8–1300 keV energy range (light yield, energy resolution, nonproportionality and scintillation decay). The scintillating properties of these multicomponent GYAP:Ce crystals were compared with those of the latest grown YAP:Ce crystals. In general, GYAP:Ce crystals exhibit a higher light yield of up to 30000 ph/MeV against 23000 ph/MeV for YAP:Ce reference crystal. The energy resolution of YAP:Ce is ≈ 4–5% for 662 keV energy of <sup>137</sup>Cs source, while for GYAP:Ce crystals values between 5 and 9 % were observed. The non-proportionality of GYAP:Ce crystals reach ∼70-80% at an energy of 10 keV while that of YAP:Ce reaches ∼85 %. 1/e scintillating decay times of GYAP:Ce crystals are between 60 and 100 ns which is almost twice higher than ≈48.8 ns 1/e decay time of YAP:Ce reference crystal. Another difference between GYAP:Ce multicomponent and YAP:Ce crystals is a presence of slow decay components in GYAP:Ce compared with YAP:Ce due to energy transfer processes between Ce<sup>3+</sup> impurity and Gd<sup>3+</sup> sublattice ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117951
Debendra Timsina , Stephen W. Allison , William A. Hollerman , Firouzeh Sabri
Manganese-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS: Mn) is one of the brightest mechanoluminescing materials. While its mechanoluminescing properties at room-temperature have been widely studied, its behavior at cryogenic temperatures remains underexplored. Here, we report mechanoluminescence measurements of ZnS: Mn at 77 K and compare the results with room-temperature behavior. A ∼200 μm thick layer of ZnS:Mn powder mixed in Sylgard-184 was coated onto a RTV655 disc of 25 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness. Two different configurations were tested. In one case (C1), the impact force was applied directly to the ZnS: Mn coating while in the second configuration (C2) the force was applied to the RTV655 side of the sample. Results show up to a fivefold increase in emission intensity at 77K compared to room temperature behavior and a noticeable red shift in the emission band. When testing under C1, the fast and slow decay times reduced from 129.6 ± 4 μs to 55.5 ± 5.7 μs and from 890.6 ± 150.1 μs to 290.9 ± 25.4 μs, respectively. In C2 the fast decay increased from 38.3 ± 1.7 μs to 82.2 ± 16.1 μs, and the slow decay increased from 318.3 ± 12.8 μs to 357.8 ± 40.6 μs. Under C1, the rise time did not show any temperature dependency. However, under C2, the rise time decreased with decrease in temperature. This study paves the way for a better understanding of temperature dependent mechanoluminescence of ZnS: Mn and designing sensing devices for testing under extreme conditions.
{"title":"Enhanced mechanoluminescence of ZnS:Mn and red shift at low temperatures","authors":"Debendra Timsina , Stephen W. Allison , William A. Hollerman , Firouzeh Sabri","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manganese-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS: Mn) is one of the brightest mechanoluminescing materials. While its mechanoluminescing properties at room-temperature have been widely studied, its behavior at cryogenic temperatures remains underexplored. Here, we report mechanoluminescence measurements of ZnS: Mn at 77 K and compare the results with room-temperature behavior. A ∼200 μm thick layer of ZnS:Mn powder mixed in Sylgard-184 was coated onto a RTV655 disc of 25 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness. Two different configurations were tested. In one case (C1), the impact force was applied directly to the ZnS: Mn coating while in the second configuration (C2) the force was applied to the RTV655 side of the sample. Results show up to a fivefold increase in emission intensity at 77K compared to room temperature behavior and a noticeable red shift in the emission band. When testing under C1, the fast and slow decay times reduced from 129.6 ± 4 μs to 55.5 ± 5.7 μs and from 890.6 ± 150.1 μs to 290.9 ± 25.4 μs, respectively. In C2 the fast decay increased from 38.3 ± 1.7 μs to 82.2 ± 16.1 μs, and the slow decay increased from 318.3 ± 12.8 μs to 357.8 ± 40.6 μs. Under C1, the rise time did not show any temperature dependency. However, under C2, the rise time decreased with decrease in temperature. This study paves the way for a better understanding of temperature dependent mechanoluminescence of ZnS: Mn and designing sensing devices for testing under extreme conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117951"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we have synthesized and optically characterized BiOCl phosphor containing Yb3+ and Er3+ ions, resulting in dual-mode photoluminescence (PL) via both Upconversion (UC) and Downconversion (DC). The nanophosphors were synthesized via hydrothermal synthesis, yielding a flower-like morphology composed of self-assembled nanosheets. The UC characterization under 980 nm excitation exhibits visible emission bands at 509-515 nm, 545-557 nm, and 635-655 nm, demonstrating energy transfer from Yb3+ sensitizers to Er3+ activators. The emission bands at ∼525 nm, ∼545 nm, and ∼620 nm are assigned to the Er3+ transitions 2H11/2 → 4I15/2, 4S3/2 → 4I15/2, and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2, respectively, originating from Bi3+-sensitized energy transfer under 380 nm excitation. The absorption of various excitation wavelengths by BiOCl doped rare earth material, ranging from UV to NIR, and emits in the visible region, giving the absolute Quantum Yield of 0.66%, offering huge Stokes and anti-Stokes shift concurrently. Structural, morphological, and chemical investigations indicated that dopants were successfully incorporated into the BiOCl lattice. The resulting phosphors were embedded in a resin matrix to fabricate a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) slab, demonstrating potential for application in solar windows and building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV).
{"title":"Dual-mode Upconversion and Downconversion in Yb3+/Er3+ Co-doped BiOCl for enhanced solar spectrum harvesting","authors":"Paramsinh Zala , Brijesh Tripathi , Vineet Kumar , Krunal Baria , Mayank Gupta , Prakash Chandra , Manoj Kumar , Shubhda Srivastava , Bipin Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we have synthesized and optically characterized BiOCl phosphor containing Yb<sup>3+</sup> and Er<sup>3+</sup> ions, resulting in dual-mode photoluminescence (PL) via both Upconversion (UC) and Downconversion (DC). The nanophosphors were synthesized via hydrothermal synthesis, yielding a flower-like morphology composed of self-assembled nanosheets. The UC characterization under 980 nm excitation exhibits visible emission bands at 509-515 nm, 545-557 nm, and 635-655 nm, demonstrating energy transfer from Yb<sup>3+</sup> sensitizers to Er<sup>3+</sup> activators. The emission bands at ∼525 nm, ∼545 nm, and ∼620 nm are assigned to the Er<sup>3+</sup> transitions <sup>2</sup>H<sub>11/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub>, <sup>4</sup>S<sub>3/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub>, and <sup>4</sup>F<sub>9/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>15/2</sub>, respectively, originating from Bi<sup>3+</sup>-sensitized energy transfer under 380 nm excitation. The absorption of various excitation wavelengths by BiOCl doped rare earth material, ranging from UV to NIR, and emits in the visible region, giving the absolute Quantum Yield of 0.66%, offering huge Stokes and anti-Stokes shift concurrently. Structural, morphological, and chemical investigations indicated that dopants were successfully incorporated into the BiOCl lattice. The resulting phosphors were embedded in a resin matrix to fabricate a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) slab, demonstrating potential for application in solar windows and building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117929"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High quality CdS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are evolving as host materials for the optically active dopant due to their wide bandgap and quantum confinement of excitons. Doping is mostly done for the production and modification of semiconductor materials with enhanced optical and electrical properties. Herein, the cost-effective and easy fabrication of visible-NIR PDs is demonstrated by employing the CQDs thin films (TFs) of Al-doped CdS. Further, the effect of dopant concentration on the photosensing behaviour under different illumination of lights ranging from 405 nm to 845 nm is investigated. The enhancement in the photosensing parameters of CdS can be observed after the successful doping. The sensitivity (S) for A0 device is calculated to be ∼145 % under the illumination of 405 nm, which is almost one order less than the highest observed S value (∼1182 %) for A2 device under 532 nm. Similarly, other performance parameters i.e. responsivity (R), external quantum efficiency (EQE) and detectivity (D), are ∼ 27.74 AW-1, 64.35 × 102 % and 2.01 × 1012 cmHz1/2W−1, respectively and are maximum for A2 device, which are significantly higher than those for the devices having optimal illumination in NIR region. In our study, compared with undoped CdS, a pronounced enhancement in the performance parameters of the detector is obtained by the incorporation of Al3+ ions.
{"title":"Al induced multimodal photo characteristics of CdS CQDs Thin Films","authors":"Tania Kalsi , Nupur Saxena , Sachin Kumar Godara , Sandeep Arya , Ashok Bera , Pragati Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High quality CdS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are evolving as host materials for the optically active dopant due to their wide bandgap and quantum confinement of excitons. Doping is mostly done for the production and modification of semiconductor materials with enhanced optical and electrical properties. Herein, the cost-effective and easy fabrication of visible-NIR PDs is demonstrated by employing the CQDs thin films (TFs) of Al-doped CdS. Further, the effect of dopant concentration on the photosensing behaviour under different illumination of lights ranging from 405 nm to 845 nm is investigated. The enhancement in the photosensing parameters of CdS can be observed after the successful doping. The sensitivity (<em>S)</em> for <em>A</em><sub><em>0</em></sub> device is calculated to be ∼145 % under the illumination of 405 nm, which is almost one order less than the highest observed <em>S</em> value (∼1182 %) for <em>A</em><sub><em>2</em></sub> device under 532 nm. Similarly, other performance parameters i.e. responsivity (<em>R)</em>, external quantum efficiency (<em>EQE)</em> and detectivity (<em>D),</em> are ∼ 27.74 AW<sup>-1</sup>, 64.35 × 10<sup>2</sup> % and 2.01 × 10<sup>12</sup> cmHz<sup>1/2</sup>W<sup>−1</sup>, respectively and are maximum for <em>A</em><sub><em>2</em></sub> device, which are significantly higher than those for the devices having optimal illumination in NIR region. In our study, compared with undoped CdS, a pronounced enhancement in the performance parameters of the detector is obtained by the incorporation of Al<sup>3+</sup> ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117998"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117996
Xiaoning Yang , Xiaoshuai Li , Feifei Wang , Ruolong Lin , Hongmei Ma , Yubao Sun
Conventional liquid crystal (LC) smart windows suffer from high energy consumption, as they require a continuous power supply to sustain multiple transmittance states, an issue that conflicts with global goals of energy conservation and sustainability. To address this critical limitation, this study focuses on developing thiol-acrylate polymer network-stabilized multistable cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) smart windows, with performance enabled by the synergistic combination of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) effect and the dielectric effect. A complex polymer network was constructed by precisely adjusting the mass ratio of thiol to acrylate monomers, followed by UV curing of the ChLC-monomer mixture. This curing process simultaneously initiates two key reactions: acrylate homopolymerization reaction and thiol-acrylate Michael addition reaction, forming a network with both rigid homopolymer chains and flexible polymer segments that is critical for stabilizing multistable states. Through the regulation of the driving voltage at a fixed frequency (low frequency: 50 Hz, high frequency: 2 kHz), the device achieves not only dynamic transmittance control but also sustained multistability after voltage removal: transmittance can be stably tuned across a range of ∼10% to ∼80% (in ∼10% increments in experiments), without the need for continuous power input. The optimized device exhibits excellent performance metrics: low driving voltages (saturation voltage: 7.37 V at low frequency, 12.75 V at high frequency), a steady-state contrast ratio of 8.3, and an on-state (powered) contrast ratio of 288.5. A 72-h stability test confirmed that each transmittance state remains highly stable, with only marginal fluctuations attributed to minimal molecular rearrangement. This research provides a reliable technical route for low-power multistable smart windows. The thiol-acrylate polymer network effectively resolves the long-standing trade-off between multistability and energy consumption in traditional ChLC devices, holding significant potential for applications in building energy efficiency optimization and intelligent lighting systems, aligning with global carbon neutrality objectives.
{"title":"Multistable polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal smart windows enabled by EHD and dielectric effects: A thiol-acrylate polymer network modulation strategy","authors":"Xiaoning Yang , Xiaoshuai Li , Feifei Wang , Ruolong Lin , Hongmei Ma , Yubao Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional liquid crystal (LC) smart windows suffer from high energy consumption, as they require a continuous power supply to sustain multiple transmittance states, an issue that conflicts with global goals of energy conservation and sustainability. To address this critical limitation, this study focuses on developing thiol-acrylate polymer network-stabilized multistable cholesteric liquid crystal (ChLC) smart windows, with performance enabled by the synergistic combination of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) effect and the dielectric effect. A complex polymer network was constructed by precisely adjusting the mass ratio of thiol to acrylate monomers, followed by UV curing of the ChLC-monomer mixture. This curing process simultaneously initiates two key reactions: acrylate homopolymerization reaction and thiol-acrylate Michael addition reaction, forming a network with both rigid homopolymer chains and flexible polymer segments that is critical for stabilizing multistable states. Through the regulation of the driving voltage at a fixed frequency (low frequency: 50 Hz, high frequency: 2 kHz), the device achieves not only dynamic transmittance control but also sustained multistability after voltage removal: transmittance can be stably tuned across a range of ∼10% to ∼80% (in ∼10% increments in experiments), without the need for continuous power input. The optimized device exhibits excellent performance metrics: low driving voltages (saturation voltage: 7.37 V at low frequency, 12.75 V at high frequency), a steady-state contrast ratio of 8.3, and an on-state (powered) contrast ratio of 288.5. A 72-h stability test confirmed that each transmittance state remains highly stable, with only marginal fluctuations attributed to minimal molecular rearrangement. This research provides a reliable technical route for low-power multistable smart windows. The thiol-acrylate polymer network effectively resolves the long-standing trade-off between multistability and energy consumption in traditional ChLC devices, holding significant potential for applications in building energy efficiency optimization and intelligent lighting systems, aligning with global carbon neutrality objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117996"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117899
Olga V. Vikhrova, Mikhail V. Dorokhin, Yuri A. Danilov, Valery P. Lesnikov, Polina B. Demina, Natalia V. Dikareva, Mikhail V. Ved’, Anton V. Zdoroveyshchev, Irina L. Kalentyeva, Ruslan N. Kriukov, Aleksey V. Nezhdanov
A 4 nm thick carbon layer was obtained by pulsed laser deposition in vacuum directly on the surface of an n-Ge wafer. The carbon played a role of an intermediate layer in Au/C-layer/n-Ge mesa-diodes allowing the formation of a photosensitive structure with a dark reverse current density of 0.026 A/cm2, a barrier height of 0.6 V and a maximum spectral sensitivity in the wavelength range of 1.4–1.6 μm.
采用脉冲激光真空沉积法在氮锗晶圆表面直接沉积了一层厚度为4nm的碳层。在Au/C-layer/n-Ge台面二极管中，碳起到了中间层的作用，形成了暗反向电流密度为0.026 a /cm2，势垒高度为0.6 V，最大光谱灵敏度在1.4 ~ 1.6 μm波长范围内的光敏结构。
{"title":"Formation of Ge-based Schottky diodes by pulsed laser deposition of carbon layer","authors":"Olga V. Vikhrova, Mikhail V. Dorokhin, Yuri A. Danilov, Valery P. Lesnikov, Polina B. Demina, Natalia V. Dikareva, Mikhail V. Ved’, Anton V. Zdoroveyshchev, Irina L. Kalentyeva, Ruslan N. Kriukov, Aleksey V. Nezhdanov","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 4 nm thick carbon layer was obtained by pulsed laser deposition in vacuum directly on the surface of an <em>n</em>-Ge wafer. The carbon played a role of an intermediate layer in Au/C-layer/<em>n</em>-Ge mesa-diodes allowing the formation of a photosensitive structure with a dark reverse current density of 0.026 A/cm<sup>2</sup>, a barrier height of 0.6 V and a maximum spectral sensitivity in the wavelength range of 1.4–1.6 μm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117899"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117925
Feng Tong , Xichuan Cao , Xiuquan Gu , Zheng Chen
To improve the stability of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), a facile in situ synthesis route was developed, followed by surface passivation with aluminum acetylacetonate (Al (acac)3) and encapsulation using a commercial polyolefin elastomer (POE). Through this simple polymer scraping process, the CsPbBr3/Al (acac)3/POE composite films were obtained, in which the PNCs with sizes of 10∼15 nm were uniformly dispersed in the polymer and protected by both inorganic ligands and polymer. The as-obtained nanocomposite films also exhibit good flexibility, tensile and fluorescence properties. Owing to the effective passivation of surface defects, the PL intensity of CsPbBr3 NCs was increased by 29% after incorporating the Al (acac)3 ligand. Meanwhile, it was found that the Al (acac)3 ligand also facilitates enhancing the thermal/water stability of CsPbBr3/POE film: the film after passivation retained 63% of the initial intensity after 15 days of soaking in water, as well as remained 45% of the initial intensity after 5 h of heating at 85 °C. Both the stability values were significantly higher than those of the reference sample CsPbBr3/POE. In terms of device applications, CsPbBr3@ Al (acac)3/POE could be applied as a photovoltaic adhesive film for enhancing the power conversion efficiency of the crystal Si solar cell. By using a CsPbBr3@ Al (acac)3/POE film, the absolute power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a standard solar cell was improved by 0.55% (from 12.01% to 12.56%), which was higher than those of photovoltaic cells covered with pure POE film (0.29%) and CsPbBr3/POE film (0.43%), respectively. The performance enhancement can be attributed to the down-conversion effect of PNCs, which convert ultraviolet light into visible emission centered at 520 nm, thereby improving the utilization of the solar spectrum.
为了提高CsPbBr3钙钛矿纳米晶体（pnc）的稳定性，开发了一种简便的原位合成路线，然后用乙酰丙酮铝（Al (acac)3）表面钝化，然后用商业聚烯烃弹性体（POE）包封。通过这种简单的聚合物刮擦工艺，得到了CsPbBr3/Al (acac)3/POE复合薄膜，其中尺寸为10 ~ 15 nm的pnc均匀分散在聚合物中，并受到无机配体和聚合物的保护。所制备的纳米复合薄膜还具有良好的柔韧性、拉伸性能和荧光性能。由于表面缺陷的有效钝化，加入Al (acac)3配体后，CsPbBr3 NCs的发光强度提高了29%。同时，发现Al (acac)3配体也有利于提高CsPbBr3/POE膜的热/水稳定性：钝化后的膜在水中浸泡15天后仍保持63%的初始强度，在85 ℃下加热5 h后仍保持45%的初始强度。两者的稳定性值均显著高于参考样品CsPbBr3/POE。在器件应用方面，CsPbBr3@ Al (acac)3/POE可作为光伏胶膜应用，提高晶体硅太阳能电池的功率转换效率。使用CsPbBr3@ Al (acac)3/POE薄膜后，标准太阳能电池的绝对功率转换效率（PCE）提高了0.55%（从12.01%提高到12.56%），分别高于纯POE薄膜覆盖的光伏电池（0.29%）和CsPbBr3/POE薄膜覆盖的光伏电池（0.43%）。性能的增强可归因于pnc的下转换效应，它将紫外光转换成以520 nm为中心的可见光，从而提高了太阳光谱的利用率。
{"title":"Enhanced stability of perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals via dual passivation with Al(acac)3 and commercial polymer for solar cell encapsulation application","authors":"Feng Tong , Xichuan Cao , Xiuquan Gu , Zheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the stability of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), a facile in situ synthesis route was developed, followed by surface passivation with aluminum acetylacetonate (Al (acac)<sub>3</sub>) and encapsulation using a commercial polyolefin elastomer (POE). Through this simple polymer scraping process, the CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>/Al (acac)<sub>3</sub>/POE composite films were obtained, in which the PNCs with sizes of 10∼15 nm were uniformly dispersed in the polymer and protected by both inorganic ligands and polymer. The as-obtained nanocomposite films also exhibit good flexibility, tensile and fluorescence properties. Owing to the effective passivation of surface defects, the PL intensity of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> NCs was increased by 29% after incorporating the Al (acac)<sub>3</sub> ligand. Meanwhile, it was found that the Al (acac)<sub>3</sub> ligand also facilitates enhancing the thermal/water stability of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>/POE film: the film after passivation retained 63% of the initial intensity after 15 days of soaking in water, as well as remained 45% of the initial intensity after 5 h of heating at 85 °C. Both the stability values were significantly higher than those of the reference sample CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>/POE. In terms of device applications, CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>@ Al (acac)<sub>3</sub>/POE could be applied as a photovoltaic adhesive film for enhancing the power conversion efficiency of the crystal Si solar cell. By using a CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>@ Al (acac)<sub>3</sub>/POE film, the absolute power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a standard solar cell was improved by 0.55% (from 12.01% to 12.56%), which was higher than those of photovoltaic cells covered with pure POE film (0.29%) and CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>/POE film (0.43%), respectively. The performance enhancement can be attributed to the down-conversion effect of PNCs, which convert ultraviolet light into visible emission centered at 520 nm, thereby improving the utilization of the solar spectrum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117925"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117933
Ngo Thi Quyen , Hoang Gia Chuc , Do Quang Trung , Nguyen Tu , Nguyen Van Du , Pham Thanh Huy , Phuong Dinh Tam , Manh Trung Tran
Metal doping in ZnO often enhances defect-related visible emission, limiting UV performance. We report a PdO/Pd-induced surface passivation strategy to improve the optical quality of ZnO nanorods. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm PdO/Pd surface decoration and strong interfacial coupling with ZnO. The PdO/Pd layers suppress deep-level emission and enhance near-band-edge luminescence via synergistic defect passivation, interfacial band bending, and localized surface plasmon effects. As a result, the ZnO/PdO/Pd heterostructures exhibit a 52.6-fold increase in the UV-to-visible emission ratio.
{"title":"Novel metal-induced surface passivation of ZnO for strong supression of defect emission luminescence","authors":"Ngo Thi Quyen , Hoang Gia Chuc , Do Quang Trung , Nguyen Tu , Nguyen Van Du , Pham Thanh Huy , Phuong Dinh Tam , Manh Trung Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal doping in ZnO often enhances defect-related visible emission, limiting UV performance. We report a PdO/Pd-induced surface passivation strategy to improve the optical quality of ZnO nanorods. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirm PdO/Pd surface decoration and strong interfacial coupling with ZnO. The PdO/Pd layers suppress deep-level emission and enhance near-band-edge luminescence via synergistic defect passivation, interfacial band bending, and localized surface plasmon effects. As a result, the ZnO/PdO/Pd heterostructures exhibit a 52.6-fold increase in the UV-to-visible emission ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117933"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117967
Xiaochen Liu , Shenao Wang , Bing Liu , Yuguo Yang , Fudi Chen , Yue Han , Lijie Jin , Jiyang Wang , Xuping Wang
Electro-optical (EO) effect has important applications in laser modulation field, such as laser deflector, phase modulator, Q-switch etc, potassium tantalate niobate (KTa1-xNbxO3, KTN) series of crystal is an important multifunctional crystal for its excellent electro-optical, photorefractive, and nonlinear properties. Especially, KTN crystal has the largest quadratic EO coefficient known as reported. However, the EO effect of KTN crystal has a strong temperature dependence, and the pronounced Kerr effect is observed near the Curie temperature. Here, the EO properties, including the linear EO effect and quadratic EO effect, of KTN and Cu-doped KTN crystals were systematically studied near the Curie phase transition region. High-quality KTN and Cu:KTN crystals were grown by the off-center top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method and the Ta/Nb ratio of the KTN and Cu:KTN crystals are 0.57/0.43. Dielectric temperature spectroscopy measurement indicates that the Curie temperature of the KTa0.57Nb0.43O3 and Cu:KTa0.57Nb0.43O3 crystal are 45.4, 52.3 °C respectively. The KTa0.57Nb0.43O3 and Cu:KTa0.57Nb0.43O3 samples were used to electro-optic measurements after polarization treatment along c-axis of the crystal. KTN and Cu:KTN show both excellent linear EO effect in ferroelectric (FE) state and quadratic EO effect in paraelectric (PE) state. The linear EO effect and quadratic EO effect work together near the FE-PE phase transition region. The half-wave voltages of the KTN and Cu:KTN samples varies between 500V and 50V from 5 °C to 95 °C, which are one to two orders lower of magnitude than conventional electro-optic crystals. This work shows that the Cu:KTN crystal has important application prospects in the laser modulation field.
电光效应在激光调制领域有重要的应用，如激光偏转器、相位调制器、q开关等，钽酸铌酸钾（KTa1-xNbxO3， KTN）系列晶体以其优异的电光、光折变和非线性特性成为一种重要的多功能晶体。其中，KTN晶体具有最大的二次EO系数。然而，KTN晶体的EO效应有很强的温度依赖性，在居里温度附近观察到明显的Kerr效应。本文系统地研究了KTN晶体和cu掺杂KTN晶体在居里相变区附近的EO特性，包括线性EO效应和二次EO效应。采用离中心顶种溶液生长法（TSSG）生长出高质量的KTN和Cu:KTN晶体，KTN和Cu:KTN晶体的Ta/Nb比为0.57/0.43。介电温度谱测量表明，KTa0.57Nb0.43O3晶体和Cu:KTa0.57Nb0.43O3晶体的居里温度分别为45.4、52.3 ℃。经晶体c轴极化处理后的KTa0.57Nb0.43O3和Cu:KTa0.57Nb0.43O3样品进行了电光测量。KTN和Cu:KTN在铁电态（FE）和准电态（PE）均表现出良好的线性EO效应。线性EO效应和二次EO效应在FE-PE相变区附近共同作用。KTN和Cu:KTN样品的半波电压在5 °C ~ 95 °C范围内变化在500V ~ 50V之间，比传统电光晶体低一到两个数量级。这表明Cu:KTN晶体在激光调制领域具有重要的应用前景。
{"title":"Electro-optical properties of Cu:KTa0.57Nb0.43O3 crystal near the FE-PE phase transition region","authors":"Xiaochen Liu , Shenao Wang , Bing Liu , Yuguo Yang , Fudi Chen , Yue Han , Lijie Jin , Jiyang Wang , Xuping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electro-optical (EO) effect has important applications in laser modulation field, such as laser deflector, phase modulator, Q-switch etc, potassium tantalate niobate (KTa<sub>1-x</sub>Nb<sub>x</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, KTN) series of crystal is an important multifunctional crystal for its excellent electro-optical, photorefractive, and nonlinear properties. Especially, KTN crystal has the largest quadratic EO coefficient known as reported. However, the EO effect of KTN crystal has a strong temperature dependence, and the pronounced Kerr effect is observed near the Curie temperature. Here, the EO properties, including the linear EO effect and quadratic EO effect, of KTN and Cu-doped KTN crystals were systematically studied near the Curie phase transition region. High-quality KTN and Cu:KTN crystals were grown by the off-center top-seeded solution growth (TSSG) method and the Ta/Nb ratio of the KTN and Cu:KTN crystals are 0.57/0.43. Dielectric temperature spectroscopy measurement indicates that the Curie temperature of the KTa<sub>0.57</sub>Nb<sub>0.43</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cu:KTa<sub>0.57</sub>Nb<sub>0.43</sub>O<sub>3</sub> crystal are 45.4, 52.3 °C respectively. The KTa<sub>0.57</sub>Nb<sub>0.43</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Cu:KTa<sub>0.57</sub>Nb<sub>0.43</sub>O<sub>3</sub> samples were used to electro-optic measurements after polarization treatment along c-axis of the crystal. KTN and Cu:KTN show both excellent linear EO effect in ferroelectric (FE) state and quadratic EO effect in paraelectric (PE) state. The linear EO effect and quadratic EO effect work together near the FE-PE phase transition region. The half-wave voltages of the KTN and Cu:KTN samples varies between 500V and 50V from 5 °C to 95 °C, which are one to two orders lower of magnitude than conventional electro-optic crystals. This work shows that the Cu:KTN crystal has important application prospects in the laser modulation field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117967"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-02-23DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117984
Kashif Abbas, Peirui Ji, Muhammad Faizan Ameer, Shuming Yang
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) exhibit pronounced quantum confinement and edge effects, resulting in tunable band gaps, high photostability, and chemical robustness, which make them promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. In this work, GQDs were probe sonicated using three organic solvents, N–methyl–2–pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dichloromethane (DCM) to elucidate the role of solvent properties on exfoliation efficiency and resulting structure property relationships. Structural and morphological analysis revealed pronounced solvent–dependent differences. GQDs produced in NMP exhibited the smallest lateral dimensions (∼2–10 nm), narrow thickness distribution (∼1.6–6.1 nm), and improved structural ordering, as evidenced by a relatively sharp (002) diffraction feature and the lowest Raman ID/IG ratio (0.34), indicating reduced defect density. UV–visible absorption spectra showed a blue–shifted absorption edge for NMP–derived GQDs, while optical band gaps estimated from Tauc plots yielded values of 2.75 eV (NMP), 2.53 eV (DMF), and 2.35 eV (DCM). Consistently, photoluminescence measurements revealed the strongest and most blue–shifted emission for NMP–exfoliated GQDs, confirming enhanced quantum confinement and suppressed non–radiative recombination. These results demonstrate that solvent selection critically governs the structural and optical quality of GQDs, with NMP enabling the formation of highly uniform and optically superior GQDs suitable for scalable optoelectronic applications.
石墨烯量子点（GQDs）表现出明显的量子约束和边缘效应，导致可调谐的带隙，高光稳定性和化学鲁棒性，使其成为光电应用的有希望的候选者。本文采用n -甲基- 2 -吡咯烷酮（NMP）、二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）和二氯甲烷（DCM）三种有机溶剂对GQDs进行探针超声检测，以阐明溶剂性质对剥离效率的影响及其结构性质关系。结构和形态分析显示明显的溶剂依赖性差异。在NMP中产生的GQDs具有最小的横向尺寸（~ 2-10 nm），窄的厚度分布（~ 1.6-6.1 nm），以及改进的结构有序，这可以通过相对清晰的（002）衍射特征和最低的拉曼ID/IG比（0.34）来证明，这表明缺陷密度降低了。NMP衍生GQDs的紫外-可见吸收光谱显示蓝移吸收边，而Tauc图估计的光学带隙产生值为2.75 eV (NMP), 2.53 eV （DMF）和2.35 eV （DCM）。一致地，光致发光测量显示，nmp剥离的GQDs具有最强和最蓝移的发射，证实了增强的量子约束和抑制的非辐射复合。这些结果表明，溶剂选择对GQDs的结构和光学质量至关重要，NMP可以形成高度均匀且光学性能优越的GQDs，适用于可扩展的光电应用。
{"title":"Influence of organic solvents on the production of graphene quantum dots via liquid-phase exfoliation","authors":"Kashif Abbas, Peirui Ji, Muhammad Faizan Ameer, Shuming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2026.117984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) exhibit pronounced quantum confinement and edge effects, resulting in tunable band gaps, high photostability, and chemical robustness, which make them promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. In this work, GQDs were probe sonicated using three organic solvents, N–methyl–2–pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), and dichloromethane (DCM) to elucidate the role of solvent properties on exfoliation efficiency and resulting structure property relationships. Structural and morphological analysis revealed pronounced solvent–dependent differences. GQDs produced in NMP exhibited the smallest lateral dimensions (∼2–10 nm), narrow thickness distribution (∼1.6–6.1 nm), and improved structural ordering, as evidenced by a relatively sharp (002) diffraction feature and the lowest Raman I<sub>D</sub>/I<sub>G</sub> ratio (0.34), indicating reduced defect density. UV–visible absorption spectra showed a blue–shifted absorption edge for NMP–derived GQDs, while optical band gaps estimated from Tauc plots yielded values of 2.75 eV (NMP), 2.53 eV (DMF), and 2.35 eV (DCM). Consistently, photoluminescence measurements revealed the strongest and most blue–shifted emission for NMP–exfoliated GQDs, confirming enhanced quantum confinement and suppressed non–radiative recombination. These results demonstrate that solvent selection critically governs the structural and optical quality of GQDs, with NMP enabling the formation of highly uniform and optically superior GQDs suitable for scalable optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 117984"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147385264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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