Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116298
Sijo S. Thomas , I Hubert Joe
Semiconductor systems are suitable materials for nonlinear-optical applications because of their large optical nonlinearities and rapid response. In this work, NiCrxFe2-xO4 nanoparticles for x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 are synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and its structural, vibrational, and nonlinear optical properties are characterized. All the prepared samples belong to a cubic spinel structure except the sample x = 2, with a rhombohedral structure, with crystallite sizes ranging from 30 to 40 nm and a bandgap ranging from 3.3 eV to 4eV. The aqueous samples show a saturable absorption on irradiating a 532 nm pulsed laser at low intensities and reverse saturable absorption with saturation effects at higher intensities.
半导体系统因其较大的光学非线性和快速响应而成为非线性光学应用的合适材料。本研究采用共沉淀法合成了 x = 0.5、1、1.5、2 的 NiCrxFe2-xO4 纳米颗粒，并对其结构、振动和非线性光学性质进行了表征。所制备的样品除 x = 2 样品为斜方体结构外，其余均为立方尖晶石结构，晶粒大小在 30 至 40 nm 之间，带隙在 3.3 eV 至 4eV 之间。水溶液样品在低强度下照射 532 nm 脉冲激光时显示出饱和吸收，而在高强度下则显示出反向饱和吸收和饱和效应。
{"title":"Intensity-dependent SA-RSA switching in nickel-chromium transition metal oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Sijo S. Thomas , I Hubert Joe","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semiconductor systems are suitable materials for nonlinear-optical applications because of their large optical nonlinearities and rapid response. In this work, NiCr<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>2-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles for x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 are synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and its structural, vibrational, and nonlinear optical properties are characterized. All the prepared samples belong to a cubic spinel structure except the sample x = 2, with a rhombohedral structure, with crystallite sizes ranging from 30 to 40 nm and a bandgap ranging from 3.3 eV to 4eV. The aqueous samples show a saturable absorption on irradiating a 532 nm pulsed laser at low intensities and reverse saturable absorption with saturation effects at higher intensities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 116298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, Cd1-xZnxS nanocrystalline thin films have been synthesized over a glass substrate by a simple and cost-effective Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique at various deposition time keeping other deposition parameters constant. The structural, morphological, and optical properties are studied by incorporating a range of characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-rays (EDX), and UV–Visible spectrophotometers (UV–Vis). The films have been deposited at five different deposition time in the range from 30 mins to 150 mins to record the changes which address in depth the structural, morphological and optical properties. Empirical fitting equations have also been developed to obtain a more quantitative analysis of the effect of deposition time. The results obtained in this work are compared with some recent reported works for performance analysis of the buffer layer. The proposed buffer layer deposited at 30 mins not only attains all the desirable qualities required for maximum extraction of solar energy but also a low-cost and environment friendly option, making it a potential candidate for solar cell and optoelectronic applications.
在这项研究中，在保持其他沉积参数不变的情况下，采用简单而经济高效的化学沉积（CBD）技术，在玻璃基底上以不同的沉积时间合成了 Cd1-xZnxS 纳米晶薄膜。通过采用一系列表征技术，包括 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM)、能量色散 X 射线 (EDX) 和紫外可见分光光度计 (UV-Vis)，对薄膜的结构、形态和光学特性进行了研究。薄膜在 30 分钟至 150 分钟的五个不同沉积时间范围内沉积，以记录薄膜的变化，深入探讨其结构、形态和光学特性。此外，还开发了经验拟合方程，以便对沉积时间的影响进行更定量的分析。这项工作中获得的结果与最近报告的一些缓冲层性能分析工作进行了比较。所提议的缓冲层在 30 分钟内沉积，不仅达到了最大限度提取太阳能所需的所有理想品质，而且成本低廉、环境友好，是太阳能电池和光电应用的潜在候选材料。
{"title":"Optimization of deposition time on structural, morphological, and optical properties of Cd1-xZnxS nanocrystalline thin films","authors":"Pranamika Borah, Alok Kumar Das, Prasanta Kumar Saikia","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, Cd<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>S nanocrystalline thin films have been synthesized over a glass substrate by a simple and cost-effective Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique at various deposition time keeping other deposition parameters constant. The structural, morphological, and optical properties are studied by incorporating a range of characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopes (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-rays (EDX), and UV–Visible spectrophotometers (UV–Vis). The films have been deposited at five different deposition time in the range from 30 mins to 150 mins to record the changes which address in depth the structural, morphological and optical properties. Empirical fitting equations have also been developed to obtain a more quantitative analysis of the effect of deposition time. The results obtained in this work are compared with some recent reported works for performance analysis of the buffer layer. The proposed buffer layer deposited at 30 mins not only attains all the desirable qualities required for maximum extraction of solar energy but also a low-cost and environment friendly option, making it a potential candidate for solar cell and optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 116285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116287
Salhah D. Al-Qahtani , Khulood A. Abu Al-Ola , Ghadah M. Al-Senani
Ultraviolet-protective, mechanically reliable, and photoresponsive wood that can switch color under ultraviolet light was developed. A combination of alkaline earth-doped strontium aluminate (ASA) as a photoluminescent pigment and glass nanofiber-supported polylactic acid as a hosting agent was infused into a delignified wood, producing transparent wood with photochromic activity. The ASA phosphor has proven high thermal stability and photostability. A typical process for producing colorless photoluminescent wood includes the well-dispersion of ASA in glass nanofiber-supported polylactic acid without agglomeration. As proven by the coloration measurements, the current photoluminescent wood becomes green under ultraviolet light and remains transparent under daylight. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to determine the morphology of the phosphor particles and glass fibers, demonstrating sizes of 12–21 nm and 50–125 nm, respectively. The luminescent wooden samples were studied by numerous microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, including SEM, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Upon excitation at 365 nm, the luminescence wood demonstrated an emission peak at 518 nm. When increasing the ASA concentration, the photoluminescent hardwoods displayed improved ultraviolet protection and better water resistance. The responsiveness of the luminescent wood to UV irradiation was fast and reversible.
{"title":"Infiltration of glass nanofiber-reinforced polylactic acid into delignified hardwood toward photoluminescent and mechanically reliable smart windows","authors":"Salhah D. Al-Qahtani , Khulood A. Abu Al-Ola , Ghadah M. Al-Senani","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet-protective, mechanically reliable, and photoresponsive wood that can switch color under ultraviolet light was developed. A combination of alkaline earth-doped strontium aluminate (ASA) as a photoluminescent pigment and glass nanofiber-supported polylactic acid as a hosting agent was infused into a delignified wood, producing transparent wood with photochromic activity. The ASA phosphor has proven high thermal stability and photostability. A typical process for producing colorless photoluminescent wood includes the well-dispersion of <span>ASA</span> in glass nanofiber-supported polylactic acid without agglomeration. As proven by the coloration measurements, the current photoluminescent wood becomes green under ultraviolet light and remains transparent under daylight. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to determine the morphology of the phosphor particles and glass fibers, demonstrating sizes of 12–21 nm and 50–125 nm, respectively. The luminescent wooden samples were studied by numerous microscopic and spectroscopic techniques, including SEM, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Upon excitation at 365 nm, the luminescence wood demonstrated an emission peak at 518 nm. When increasing the ASA concentration, the photoluminescent hardwoods displayed improved ultraviolet protection and better water resistance. The responsiveness of the luminescent wood to UV irradiation was fast and reversible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 116287"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116284
Pengjie Wang , Rengang Zhang , Tuantuan Wang , Xuemei Li , Rui Cui , Hongyu Liu , Peng Zhang , Xingzhong Cao , Runsheng Yu , Baoyi Wang
Cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films were grown on quartz glass substrates by thermal annealing of thin-film precursors deposited by successive sputtering, evaporation and sputtering (SES) method. The crystal structure, surface morphology, composition, optical and electrical properties of CdSe films were investigated. XRD analysis revealed that the SES deposited precursors after annealing, were converted into hexagonal CdSe films with a preferential orientation. FE-SEM results showed that the CdSe films obtained at 400 °C and 500 °C were dense, uniform and had greater grains than that obtained at 300 °C, while pores and peeling of CdSe film appeared at 600 °C. EDS results showed that all CdSe films were Cd-rich, and the composition of the CdSe film prepared at 500 °C was closest to the ideal stoichiometric ratio. The formation of CdSe films included atomic diffusions, the selenization reaction and CdSe grain growth, accompanied by volatilization of Cd and Se. The CdSe films exhibited good transmittance of about 60–85 % and band gaps of 1.57–1.67 eV. The PL spectra showed that the CdSe films prepared at different temperatures had a strong emission peak at 782 nm and a weak emission peak at 829 nm, which were possibly caused by the band-to-band transitions and defect emissions. In addition, electrical measurements showed that the CdSe films were n-type conductivity, the resistivity was in the range of 9.65 × 102-7.55 × 103 Ω cm, and the carrier concentration was in the range of 5.72 × 1014-2.99 × 1015 cm−3.
{"title":"The effect of annealing temperature on the properties of CdSe thin films prepared by annealing the SES deposited precursors","authors":"Pengjie Wang , Rengang Zhang , Tuantuan Wang , Xuemei Li , Rui Cui , Hongyu Liu , Peng Zhang , Xingzhong Cao , Runsheng Yu , Baoyi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films were grown on quartz glass substrates by thermal annealing of thin-film precursors deposited by successive sputtering, evaporation and sputtering (SES) method. The crystal structure, surface morphology, composition, optical and electrical properties of CdSe films were investigated. XRD analysis revealed that the SES deposited precursors after annealing, were converted into hexagonal CdSe films with a preferential orientation. FE-SEM results showed that the CdSe films obtained at 400 °C and 500 °C were dense, uniform and had greater grains than that obtained at 300 °C, while pores and peeling of CdSe film appeared at 600 °C. EDS results showed that all CdSe films were Cd-rich, and the composition of the CdSe film prepared at 500 °C was closest to the ideal stoichiometric ratio. The formation of CdSe films included atomic diffusions, the selenization reaction and CdSe grain growth, accompanied by volatilization of Cd and Se. The CdSe films exhibited good transmittance of about 60–85 % and band gaps of 1.57–1.67 eV. The PL spectra showed that the CdSe films prepared at different temperatures had a strong emission peak at 782 nm and a weak emission peak at 829 nm, which were possibly caused by the band-to-band transitions and defect emissions. In addition, electrical measurements showed that the CdSe films were n-type conductivity, the resistivity was in the range of 9.65 × 10<sup>2</sup>-7.55 × 10<sup>3</sup> Ω cm, and the carrier concentration was in the range of 5.72 × 10<sup>14</sup>-2.99 × 10<sup>15</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 116284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116288
Simone Normani , Pavel Loiko , Roman Maksimov , Liza Basyrova , Vladislav Shitov , Elena Dunina , Alexey Kornienko , Liudmila Fomicheva , Alain Braud , Ammar Hideur , Bruno Viana , Patrice Camy
Rare-earth-doped transparent sesquioxide laser ceramics enable engineering of their gain bandwidths via solid-solution compositions exhibiting a strong inhomogeneous spectral line broadening. We report on a detailed spectroscopic study and the first mid-infrared laser operation of Erbium-doped yttria-scandia, (ScxY1−x)2O3, ceramics fabricated by vacuum sintering at 1750 °C from laser-ablated nanoparticles. The effect of the Sc fraction on the spectral and kinetic properties of Er3+ emission around 2.8 μm owing to the 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 is revealed. The inhomogeneous spectral line broadening leading to merging of individual Stark sub-levels of Er3+ multiplets is evidenced by low-temperature spectroscopy. An original method of quantifying the distribution of dopant Er3+ ions over C2 and C3i symmetry sites in the cubic bixbyite structure is suggested based on the transition probabilities derived by the Judd-Ofelt theory. In the parent Er:Y2O3 ceramic, the Er3+ ions nearly follow the ideal distribution with 3/4 of ions residing in C2 sites, and Sc addition skews it in favor of C3i sites. A continuous-wave Er:(Sc,Y)2O3 ceramic laser generated 312 mW at 2716 nm with a slope efficiency of 18.6 % and a laser threshold of 128 mW.
{"title":"Solid-solution Er:(Sc,Y)2O3 transparent ceramics: Optical spectroscopy, inhomogeneous line broadening, C3i sites and mid-infrared laser operation","authors":"Simone Normani , Pavel Loiko , Roman Maksimov , Liza Basyrova , Vladislav Shitov , Elena Dunina , Alexey Kornienko , Liudmila Fomicheva , Alain Braud , Ammar Hideur , Bruno Viana , Patrice Camy","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare-earth-doped transparent sesquioxide laser ceramics enable engineering of their gain bandwidths via solid-solution compositions exhibiting a strong inhomogeneous spectral line broadening. We report on a detailed spectroscopic study and the first mid-infrared laser operation of Erbium-doped yttria-scandia, (Sc<sub><em>x</em></sub>Y<sub>1−<em>x</em></sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, ceramics fabricated by vacuum sintering at 1750 °C from laser-ablated nanoparticles. The effect of the Sc fraction on the spectral and kinetic properties of Er<sup>3+</sup> emission around 2.8 μm owing to the <sup>4</sup>I<sub>11/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup>I<sub>13/2</sub> is revealed. The inhomogeneous spectral line broadening leading to merging of individual Stark sub-levels of Er<sup>3+</sup> multiplets is evidenced by low-temperature spectroscopy. An original method of quantifying the distribution of dopant Er<sup>3+</sup> ions over <em>C</em><sub><em>2</em></sub> and <em>C</em><sub><em>3i</em></sub> symmetry sites in the cubic bixbyite structure is suggested based on the transition probabilities derived by the Judd-Ofelt theory. In the parent Er:Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramic, the Er<sup>3+</sup> ions nearly follow the ideal distribution with 3/4 of ions residing in <em>C</em><sub><em>2</em></sub> sites, and Sc addition skews it in favor of <em>C</em><sub><em>3i</em></sub> sites. A continuous-wave Er:(Sc,Y)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramic laser generated 312 mW at 2716 nm with a slope efficiency of 18.6 % and a laser threshold of 128 mW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 116288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116280
Moayad Husein Flaifel , M.H.A. Mhareb
This work is meant to fabricate zinc boro-tellurite (ZnO–TeO2–B2O3) glass systems with various modifiers, including MoO3, Bi2O3, and PbO, using the melt quench technique. Four glass samples were produced, each comprising 20 % of a specific modifier from the total weight percent of the neat glass system. Each glass sample is given a code: TBZn, TBZMo, TBZBi, and TBZPb. The XRD results showed an amorphous nature for all glass samples. The FTIR results showed the functional groups for borate and tellurite oxide. The mechanical properties were reduced when different oxides were added instead of ZnO. For example, Young's modulus decreased for glass samples; their recorded values for Young's modulus are 74.516, 72.569, 60.526, and 59.272 GPa for TBZn, TBZMo, TBZBi, and TBZPb, respectively. On the other hand, adding Bi2O3 and PbO led to enhanced shielding properties. For instance, the linear attenuation coefficient values for TBZn, TBZMo, TBZBi, and TBZPb at 0.015 MeV are 168.739, 115.656, 380.711, and 279.162, respectively. Also, the radiation protection efficiency (RPE) at 5 cm and 600 keV is 83.220 %, 79.299 %, 93.919 %, and 90.222 % for TBZn, TBZMo, TBZBi, and TBZPb, respectively. While adding different oxides decreased stability in the current glasses, it also enhanced their shielding properties, recommending their use in the radiation shielding field.
{"title":"Exploring the diverse modifiers influence on the structural, physical, and mechanical properties of a zinc oxide-based boro-tellurite glass system for enhancing radiation shielding performance","authors":"Moayad Husein Flaifel , M.H.A. Mhareb","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work is meant to fabricate zinc boro-tellurite (ZnO–TeO<sub>2</sub>–B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) glass systems with various modifiers, including MoO<sub>3</sub>, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and PbO, using the melt quench technique. Four glass samples were produced, each comprising 20 % of a specific modifier from the total weight percent of the neat glass system. Each glass sample is given a code: TBZn, TBZMo, TBZBi, and TBZPb. The XRD results showed an amorphous nature for all glass samples. The FTIR results showed the functional groups for borate and tellurite oxide. The mechanical properties were reduced when different oxides were added instead of ZnO. For example, Young's modulus decreased for glass samples; their recorded values for Young's modulus are 74.516, 72.569, 60.526, and 59.272 GPa for TBZn, TBZMo, TBZBi, and TBZPb, respectively. On the other hand, adding Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and PbO led to enhanced shielding properties. For instance, the linear attenuation coefficient values for TBZn, TBZMo, TBZBi, and TBZPb at 0.015 MeV are 168.739, 115.656, 380.711, and 279.162, respectively. Also, the radiation protection efficiency (RPE) at 5 cm and 600 keV is 83.220 %, 79.299 %, 93.919 %, and 90.222 % for TBZn, TBZMo, TBZBi, and TBZPb, respectively. While adding different oxides decreased stability in the current glasses, it also enhanced their shielding properties, recommending their use in the radiation shielding field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 116280"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116265
Arezou Rashidi , Ali Hatef
In this paper, we present an in-depth examination of the absorption dynamics of a silver plasmonic grating incorporating Kerr-type nonlinear graphene-oxide (GO) nanoslits and a Ge2Sb2Se4Te1 (GSST) phase-change material, both in linear and nonlinear regimes. Linear absorption approaches unity at the resonant wavelength when GSST is amorphous. Upon exposure to a nanosecond Gaussian pulse laser irradiation with appropriate fluences, the amorphous GSST partially crystallizes through a thermoplasmonic-induced process, resulting in a significant reduction of the linear on-resonance absorption in the form of a step-like curve. Additionally, the weak off-resonance linear absorption of the system can be enhanced owing to the non-uniform phase-transition within the GSST. Transitioning to a nonlinear regime, considering the third-order nonlinearity of GO nanoslits, reveals distinct absorption behaviors. Temporal analysis reveals that at the on-resonance wavelength, the unit absorption decreases with increasing laser intensity, reaching a minimum at the pulse peak due to the Kerr nonlinearity in the GO. Intriguingly, the absorption exhibits a U-shaped curve at lower fluences, while at higher fluences, it stabilizes at a lower value post-pulse peak where the amorphous GSST undergoes a thermally driven partially crystallization phase transformation. In the off-resonance mode, the weak absorption enhances dramatically by increasing the fluence, tracing an imperfect parabolic trajectory that reaches nearly unit at the trailing edge of the pulse, attributed to the Kerr nonlinearity within the GO nanoslits. By further increasing the laser fluence, the photothermal response of the GSST emerges as the dominant factor, diminishing the unity absorption observed at the trailing edge of the pulse. These findings underscore the dynamic responsiveness of the proposed grating to pulsed laser illumination, driven by the nonlinear Kerr effect and GSST reconfigurability, offering promising opportunities for developing active optical switching devices.
在本文中，我们深入研究了一种银质光栅的吸收动态，该光栅包含了克尔型非线性氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米its 和 Ge2Sb2Se4Te1（GSST）相变材料，包括线性和非线性状态。当 GSST 为非晶态时，在谐振波长处的线性吸收接近于 1。在以适当流量照射纳秒高斯脉冲激光时，非晶态 GSST 会通过热致过程部分结晶，导致线性共振吸收以阶梯状曲线的形式显著降低。此外，由于 GSST 内部的非均匀相变，系统的弱离共振线性吸收也会增强。考虑到 GO 纳米its 的三阶非线性，过渡到非线性机制会显示出不同的吸收行为。时间分析表明，在共振波长处，由于 GO 中的克尔非线性，单位吸收随着激光强度的增加而减少，并在脉冲峰值处达到最小值。耐人寻味的是，在较低的通量下，吸收率呈现 U 型曲线，而在较高的通量下，吸收率稳定在脉冲峰值后的较低值上，此时非晶态 GSST 经历了热驱动的部分结晶相变。在非共振模式下，随着通量的增加，微弱的吸收显著增强，其轨迹呈不完全抛物线状，在脉冲后缘几乎达到单位，这归因于 GO 纳米its 内部的克尔非线性。通过进一步提高激光通量，GSST 的光热响应成为主导因素，从而减少了在脉冲后缘观察到的单位吸收。这些发现强调了在非线性克尔效应和 GSST 可重构性的驱动下，拟议光栅对脉冲激光照射的动态响应能力，为开发有源光学开关器件提供了大好机会。
{"title":"Dynamic tunability of NIR absorption in a plasmonic grating through nonlinear kerr-effect of graphene-oxide and photothermal phase transition of GSST","authors":"Arezou Rashidi , Ali Hatef","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we present an in-depth examination of the absorption dynamics of a silver plasmonic grating incorporating Kerr-type nonlinear graphene-oxide (GO) nanoslits and a Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>4</sub>Te<sub>1</sub> (GSST) phase-change material, both in linear and nonlinear regimes. Linear absorption approaches unity at the resonant wavelength when GSST is amorphous. Upon exposure to a nanosecond Gaussian pulse laser irradiation with appropriate fluences, the amorphous GSST partially crystallizes through a thermoplasmonic-induced process, resulting in a significant reduction of the linear on-resonance absorption in the form of a step-like curve. Additionally, the weak off-resonance linear absorption of the system can be enhanced owing to the non-uniform phase-transition within the GSST. Transitioning to a nonlinear regime, considering the third-order nonlinearity of GO nanoslits, reveals distinct absorption behaviors. Temporal analysis reveals that at the on-resonance wavelength, the unit absorption decreases with increasing laser intensity, reaching a minimum at the pulse peak due to the Kerr nonlinearity in the GO. Intriguingly, the absorption exhibits a U-shaped curve at lower fluences, while at higher fluences, it stabilizes at a lower value post-pulse peak where the amorphous GSST undergoes a thermally driven partially crystallization phase transformation. In the off-resonance mode, the weak absorption enhances dramatically by increasing the fluence, tracing an imperfect parabolic trajectory that reaches nearly unit at the trailing edge of the pulse, attributed to the Kerr nonlinearity within the GO nanoslits. By further increasing the laser fluence, the photothermal response of the GSST emerges as the dominant factor, diminishing the unity absorption observed at the trailing edge of the pulse. These findings underscore the dynamic responsiveness of the proposed grating to pulsed laser illumination, driven by the nonlinear Kerr effect and GSST reconfigurability, offering promising opportunities for developing active optical switching devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 116265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116260
E. Rodríguez , J.J. Leal , R. Orozco-Mena , M.C. Maldonado-Orozco , R. Narro-García
Tellurite glass is an amorphous material commonly doped with rare earth ions for the development of optical temperature sensors. Considering the intrinsic properties of glasses, it is expected that these sensors could be used in acidic environments and withstand temperature changes. However, this has not been fully demonstrated since most of the literature is limited to demonstrate the sensor operation under normal conditions. Additionally, there is a lack of information regarding the chemical durability of these glasses and methods to improve it. In this work, a special tellurite glass composition was proposed for the development of optical temperature sensor. The effect of the alumina concentration on the structure, chemical durability and emission properties of the glasses was evaluated. Chemical durability was assessed by monitoring the weight loss of glass samples after immersion in hydrochloric acid solutions at room temperature, vegetable oil or air at 150 °C. The results indicate that the addition of alumina increases the chemical durability of the glass and improves its emission properties. It was found that the average temperature estimated by the optical sensor had a relative error of 1.3 % due to the degradation of the glass caused by remaining immersed in a 1 N HCl solution for 60 days.
碲玻璃是一种无定形材料，通常掺杂稀土离子，用于开发光学温度传感器。考虑到玻璃的固有特性，预计这些传感器可用于酸性环境，并能承受温度变化。然而，由于大多数文献仅限于展示传感器在正常条件下的工作情况，这一点尚未得到充分证明。此外，有关这些玻璃的化学耐久性和改进方法的信息也很缺乏。在这项工作中，为开发光学温度传感器提出了一种特殊的碲玻璃成分。评估了氧化铝浓度对玻璃结构、化学耐久性和发射特性的影响。化学耐久性是通过监测玻璃样品在室温盐酸溶液、植物油或 150 °C 空气中浸泡后的重量损失来评估的。结果表明，添加氧化铝可提高玻璃的化学耐久性并改善其发射特性。研究发现，由于玻璃在 1 N 盐酸溶液中浸泡 60 天后会发生降解，因此光学传感器估计的平均温度相对误差为 1.3%。
{"title":"Chemical durability of optical temperature sensors made of tellurite glass: Effect of the alumina concentration","authors":"E. Rodríguez , J.J. Leal , R. Orozco-Mena , M.C. Maldonado-Orozco , R. Narro-García","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tellurite glass is an amorphous material commonly doped with rare earth ions for the development of optical temperature sensors. Considering the intrinsic properties of glasses, it is expected that these sensors could be used in acidic environments and withstand temperature changes. However, this has not been fully demonstrated since most of the literature is limited to demonstrate the sensor operation under normal conditions. Additionally, there is a lack of information regarding the chemical durability of these glasses and methods to improve it. In this work, a special tellurite glass composition was proposed for the development of optical temperature sensor. The effect of the alumina concentration on the structure, chemical durability and emission properties of the glasses was evaluated. Chemical durability was assessed by monitoring the weight loss of glass samples after immersion in hydrochloric acid solutions at room temperature, vegetable oil or air at 150 °C. The results indicate that the addition of alumina increases the chemical durability of the glass and improves its emission properties. It was found that the average temperature estimated by the optical sensor had a relative error of 1.3 % due to the degradation of the glass caused by remaining immersed in a 1 N HCl solution for 60 days.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 116260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paper highlights advances in design of fluorescent sensors for solvent vapors with boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as a model active component. The present study demonstrates that BODIPY-based fluorescent materials could be successfully utilized for detection of benzene and acetone in gas phase. Concentration of luminophore was found to affect sensory response to benzene (up to 3-fold increase in adjusted conditions). At the same time, sensory response to acetone is concentration-independent, suggesting different underlying response mechanisms and allowing to tune selectivity with choice of concentration. Detection limits achieved for sensory materials are 1.2·104 mg/m3 for acetone and 0.94·104 mg/m3 for benzene. Ultimately, obtained sensor materials could be completely regenerated without need for inert gas purge.
{"title":"BODIPY-based fluorescent sensor material for airborne acetone and benzene with aggregation-driven selectivity","authors":"Alexander Bobrov , Sergey Usoltsev , Natalya Moleva , Yuriy Marfin","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paper highlights advances in design of fluorescent sensors for solvent vapors with boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) as a model active component. The present study demonstrates that BODIPY-based fluorescent materials could be successfully utilized for detection of benzene and acetone in gas phase. Concentration of luminophore was found to affect sensory response to benzene (up to 3-fold increase in adjusted conditions). At the same time, sensory response to acetone is concentration-independent, suggesting different underlying response mechanisms and allowing to tune selectivity with choice of concentration. Detection limits achieved for sensory materials are 1.2<strong>·</strong>10<sup>4</sup> mg/m<sup>3</sup> for acetone and 0.94<strong>·</strong>10<sup>4</sup> mg/m<sup>3</sup> for benzene. Ultimately, obtained sensor materials could be completely regenerated without need for inert gas purge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 116267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116291
Abhinav Kumar , Harikumar Pallathadka , A.K. Kareem , Soumya V. Menon , M. Atif , Mandeep Kaur , Nouby M. Ghazaly , G.V. Sivaprasad , Merwaa Hadrawi
This paper investigates the synthesis and characterization of novel counter electrodes (CEs) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), focusing on composite polyaniline (PANi) nanofibers integrated with tin selenide (SnSe). Three CEs, namely SnSe, PANi, and their composite, were prepared via facile hydrothermal and cyclic voltammetry methods and compared with a standard platinum (Pt) CE. The efficiencies obtained were 4.20 %, 5.63 %, 8.39 %, and 7.72 % for SnSe, PANi, SnSe/PANi, and Pt CEs, respectively. The improved efficiencies, particularly in the case of the SnSe/PANi composite, were attributed to increased short-circuit density of the composite sample. The materials and devices prepared in this study are characterized using various methods including FESEM, TEM, XRD, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, EIS, Tafel, OCVD, IPCE and etc to support our proposed CE structure. Our findings demonstrate the promising potential of SnSe/PANi composite CEs in enhancing the performance and affordability of DSSCs.
本文研究了用于染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）的新型对电极（CE）的合成和表征，重点是与硒化锡（SnSe）集成的复合聚苯胺（PANi）纳米纤维。通过简便的水热法和循环伏安法制备了三种 CE，即 SnSe、PANi 及其复合材料，并与标准铂 (Pt) CE 进行了比较。SnSe、PANi、SnSe/PANi 和铂 CE 的效率分别为 4.20%、5.63%、8.39% 和 7.72%。效率的提高，特别是 SnSe/PANi 复合材料效率的提高，归因于复合材料样品短路密度的增加。本研究使用各种方法对制备的材料和器件进行了表征，包括 FESEM、TEM、XRD、拉曼光谱和傅立叶变换红外光谱、EIS、Tafel、OCVD、IPCE 等，以支持我们提出的 CE 结构。我们的研究结果证明了 SnSe/PANi 复合 CE 在提高 DSSC 性能和经济性方面的巨大潜力。
{"title":"Exploring the potential of SnSe/PANi composite counter electrodes for improved efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells","authors":"Abhinav Kumar , Harikumar Pallathadka , A.K. Kareem , Soumya V. Menon , M. Atif , Mandeep Kaur , Nouby M. Ghazaly , G.V. Sivaprasad , Merwaa Hadrawi","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the synthesis and characterization of novel counter electrodes (CEs) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), focusing on composite polyaniline (PANi) nanofibers integrated with tin selenide (SnSe). Three CEs, namely SnSe, PANi, and their composite, were prepared via facile hydrothermal and cyclic voltammetry methods and compared with a standard platinum (Pt) CE. The efficiencies obtained were 4.20 %, 5.63 %, 8.39 %, and 7.72 % for SnSe, PANi, SnSe/PANi, and Pt CEs, respectively. The improved efficiencies, particularly in the case of the SnSe/PANi composite, were attributed to increased short-circuit density of the composite sample. The materials and devices prepared in this study are characterized using various methods including FESEM, TEM, XRD, Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, EIS, Tafel, OCVD, IPCE and etc to support our proposed CE structure. Our findings demonstrate the promising potential of SnSe/PANi composite CEs in enhancing the performance and affordability of DSSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"157 ","pages":"Article 116291"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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