Optical Materials最新文献_第5页

CuO/ZnO Bi-layered nanoarchitecture for room temperature CO2 sensing at low concentrations 低浓度室温CO2传感的CuO/ZnO双层纳米结构

IF 4.2 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117840

Selwa Kebaili , Sabrina Iaiche , Faycal Bensouici , Abdelkader Djelloul , Stefano Bellucci , Fatima Boudeffar , Hocine Cheraga , Nour Eddine Gabouze , Mohamed Bououdina

Bi-layered ZnO/CuO nanostructured films have been examined for CO₂ gas sensing applications. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy confirm the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and a monoclinic CuO. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies' observations reveal homogeneous, dense, and quasi-porous surfaces with smooth spherical sponge-like (ZnO), rough spherical-like (CuO and ZnO/CuO), and rough flat plate-like (for CuO/ZnO) grains morphologies with a few cracks. UV–visible spectroscopy shows greater transmittance (45–90 %) in the infrared and visible domains, while the energy bandgap decreases significantly from 3.3 eV for ZnO to 1.5 eV for the remaining films. The measurements of the sensor's electrical characteristics at room temperature, including current-voltage (I–V), sensitivity-concentration (S–C), and current-time (I-t), indicate a sensitivity to the presence of CO₂ gas and that the fabricated sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and faster response/recovery times. Indeed, the ZnO thin-film sensor recorded the highest sensitivity of 44.77 % at 31 ppm carbon dioxide concentration at room temperature. Based on the results obtained, a sensing mechanism is proposed. The findings demonstrate that metal oxide multilayered nanostructures are promising candidates for applications such as gas sensing, photocatalysis, and UV photodetection.

研究了双层ZnO/CuO纳米结构薄膜在CO2气体传感中的应用。x射线衍射，傅里叶变换红外和拉曼光谱证实了六方纤锌矿ZnO和单斜CuO的形成。扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜观察显示，表面均匀致密，具有光滑的球形海绵状（ZnO），粗糙的球形（CuO和ZnO/CuO）和粗糙的平板状（CuO /ZnO）晶粒形貌，并有少量裂纹。紫外可见光谱显示，ZnO薄膜在红外和可见光区域具有较高的透光率（45 ~ 90%），而其余薄膜的能带隙从ZnO的3.3 eV显著减小到1.5 eV。在室温下测量传感器的电气特性，包括电流-电压（I-V），灵敏度-浓度（S-C）和电流-时间（I-t），表明对CO2气体存在的灵敏度，并且制造的传感器具有出色的灵敏度和更快的响应/恢复时间。在室温下，当二氧化碳浓度为31 ppm时，ZnO薄膜传感器的灵敏度最高，达到44.77%。在此基础上，提出了一种传感机制。研究结果表明，金属氧化物多层纳米结构在气体传感、光催化和紫外光探测等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

{"title":"CuO/ZnO Bi-layered nanoarchitecture for room temperature CO2 sensing at low concentrations","authors":"Selwa Kebaili , Sabrina Iaiche , Faycal Bensouici , Abdelkader Djelloul , Stefano Bellucci , Fatima Boudeffar , Hocine Cheraga , Nour Eddine Gabouze , Mohamed Bououdina","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bi-layered ZnO/CuO nanostructured films have been examined for CO2 gas sensing applications. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopy confirm the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite ZnO and a monoclinic CuO. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies' observations reveal homogeneous, dense, and quasi-porous surfaces with smooth spherical sponge-like (ZnO), rough spherical-like (CuO and ZnO/CuO), and rough flat plate-like (for CuO/ZnO) grains morphologies with a few cracks. UV–visible spectroscopy shows greater transmittance (45–90 %) in the infrared and visible domains, while the energy bandgap decreases significantly from 3.3 eV for ZnO to 1.5 eV for the remaining films. The measurements of the sensor's electrical characteristics at room temperature, including current-voltage (I–V), sensitivity-concentration (S–C), and current-time (I-t), indicate a sensitivity to the presence of CO2 gas and that the fabricated sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and faster response/recovery times. Indeed, the ZnO thin-film sensor recorded the highest sensitivity of 44.77 % at 31 ppm carbon dioxide concentration at room temperature. Based on the results obtained, a sensing mechanism is proposed. The findings demonstrate that metal oxide multilayered nanostructures are promising candidates for applications such as gas sensing, photocatalysis, and UV photodetection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 117840"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Si doping on the optical properties of n-type GaN crystals Si掺杂对n型GaN晶体光学性质的影响

IF 4.2 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117837

Zhanguo Qi , Shouzhi Wang , Zhongxin Wang , Qiubo Li , Huihui Shao , Lei Liu , Guodong Wang , Xiufang Chen , Shuang Zhang , Kaize Jiang , Xiangang Xu , Lei Zhang

This study utilizes hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) technology combined with a porous gallium nitride (GaN) substrate. By optimizing the growth mode and buffer layer structure, the dislocation density is effectively reduced. Using silane (SiH₄) as the doping source, the influence of Si doping on the optical properties of GaN is systematically investigated by regulating the doping flows (0–60 sccm). Ultimately, a uniformly doped 2-inch n-type Si-doped GaN single crystal substrate was successfully grown and processed with a surface roughness of <0.2 nm: the Si concentration is ∼2 × 10¹⁹ cm⁻³, the resistivity is as low as 0.0045 Ω cm, the (002) plane high-resolution X-ray diffraction full width at half maximum is 61.60 arcsec, and the dislocation density is ∼1.14 × 10⁶ cm⁻².

本研究利用氢化物气相外延（HVPE）技术结合多孔氮化镓（GaN）衬底。通过优化生长方式和缓冲层结构，有效地降低了位错密度。以硅烷（SiH4）为掺杂源，通过调节掺杂流量（0 ~ 60 sccm），系统研究了Si掺杂对GaN光学性能的影响。最终，成功生长并加工出均匀掺杂的2英寸n型Si掺杂GaN单晶衬底，表面粗糙度为<；0.2 nm， Si浓度为~ 2 × 1019 cm−3，电阻率低至0.0045 Ω cm,（002）平面高分辨率x射线衍射半最大全宽为61.60 arcsec，位错密度为~ 1.14 × 106 cm−2。

引用次数: 0

Femtosecond laser direct writing of dual-wavelength waveguide lasers in Nd:YAP crystal 双波长波导激光器在Nd:YAP晶体中的飞秒激光直接写入

IF 4.2 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117838

Lijuan Shi , Pengda Wang , Yiding Fei , Kun Zhang , Jiaxiang Zhou , Bin Zhang , Yingying Ren , Weijin Kong , Lingqi Li

We report on the fabrication of depressed cladding waveguides in anisotropic neodymium-doped yttrium orthoaluminate (Nd:YAlO₃ or Nd:YAP) crystal by femtosecond laser direct writing. Three waveguides are fabricated along different crystallographic orientations and exhibit good guiding properties. Confocal micro-photoluminescence (μ-PL) spectroscopy reveals that the crystalline microstructure after laser irradiation preserves the luminescence characteristics of Nd³⁺ ions in the waveguide cores. Under optical pumping at 804 nm, the fabricated a-axis and b-axis waveguides support simultaneous dual-wavelength laser oscillation at 1064 nm and 1079 nm, with an output power ratio that can be adjusted by varying the pump polarization. This work facilitate the development of miniature dual-wavelength laser sources based on laser-written Nd:YAP waveguides.

本文报道了利用飞秒激光直接写入技术在各向异性掺钕正铝酸钇（Nd:YAlO3或Nd:YAP）晶体中制备抑制包层波导。沿着不同的晶体取向制备了三种波导，并表现出良好的导向性能。共聚焦微光致发光（μ-PL）光谱分析表明，激光照射后的晶体结构保留了波导芯中Nd3+离子的发光特性。在804 nm光泵浦下，制备的a轴和b轴波导支持1064 nm和1079 nm的双波长激光振荡，输出功率比可以通过改变泵浦偏振来调节。这项工作促进了基于激光写入Nd:YAP波导的微型双波长激光源的发展。

引用次数: 0

Preparation and catalytic performance of low-cost S-doped short columnar micro-nano structure ZrO2 低成本s掺杂短柱状微纳结构ZrO2的制备及其催化性能

IF 4.2 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117833

Ping Li , Weixia Dong , Chenlang Xu , Qifu Bao , Zhiwen Hu , Gao-ling Zhao

S-doped ZrO₂ with a short columnar micro-nano structure was successfully synthesized through a cost-effective solvothermal method using biomass feathers as a morphology-inducing agent. The phase composition, microstructure, oxygen vacancy specific surface area, and optical properties of the as-prepared powders were systematically characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, XPS, BET, UV–Vis DRS and FT-IR, etc, respectively. Results revealed that the biomass content critically governed the morphological evolution and surface area optimization of ZrO₂. At an optimal biomass dosage of 0.2 %, the synthesized ZrO₂ exhibited a hierarchical architecture comprising short columnar microstructures decorated with surface-adhered nanoparticles. Photocatalytic evaluation under visible light demonstrated a 99.14 % degradation efficiency for 5 mg/L RhB within 90 min, outperforming spherical ZrO₂ (synthesized without biomass) by a factor of 4.6 in reaction rate constant. In addition, the S-doped ZrO₂ material, featuring a short columnar micro-nano structure, exhibits excellent stability during photocatalytic reactions. Furthermore, its micrometer-scale dimensionality ensures convenient handling and storage. This work highlights the dual role of biomass in steering micro/nanostructural engineering and enhancing photocatalytic properties through synergistic morphology-doping effects.

以生物质羽毛为形态诱导剂，通过溶剂热法成功合成了具有短柱状微纳结构的s掺杂ZrO2。采用XRD、FE-SEM、TEM、XPS、BET、UV-Vis DRS、FT-IR等手段对制备的粉体的物相组成、微观结构、氧空位比表面积和光学性能进行了系统表征。结果表明，生物量对ZrO2的形态演化和表面积优化具有重要的控制作用。在最佳生物质添加量为0.2%时，合成的ZrO2呈现出由表面粘附纳米颗粒装饰的短柱状微结构组成的层次化结构。可见光下的光催化评价表明，在90 min内对5 mg/L RhB的降解效率为99.14%，反应速率常数为球形ZrO2（无生物质合成）的4.6倍。此外，s掺杂ZrO2材料具有短柱状微纳结构，在光催化反应中表现出优异的稳定性。此外，其微米级的尺寸确保了方便的搬运和存储。这项工作强调了生物质在引导微/纳米结构工程和通过协同形态掺杂效应增强光催化性能方面的双重作用。

{"title":"Preparation and catalytic performance of low-cost S-doped short columnar micro-nano structure ZrO2","authors":"Ping Li , Weixia Dong , Chenlang Xu , Qifu Bao , Zhiwen Hu , Gao-ling Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>S-doped ZrO2 with a short columnar micro-nano structure was successfully synthesized through a cost-effective solvothermal method using biomass feathers as a morphology-inducing agent. The phase composition, microstructure, oxygen vacancy specific surface area, and optical properties of the as-prepared powders were systematically characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, XPS, BET, UV–Vis DRS and FT-IR, etc, respectively. Results revealed that the biomass content critically governed the morphological evolution and surface area optimization of ZrO2. At an optimal biomass dosage of 0.2 %, the synthesized ZrO2 exhibited a hierarchical architecture comprising short columnar microstructures decorated with surface-adhered nanoparticles. Photocatalytic evaluation under visible light demonstrated a 99.14 % degradation efficiency for 5 mg/L RhB within 90 min, outperforming spherical ZrO2 (synthesized without biomass) by a factor of 4.6 in reaction rate constant. In addition, the S-doped ZrO2 material, featuring a short columnar micro-nano structure, exhibits excellent stability during photocatalytic reactions. Furthermore, its micrometer-scale dimensionality ensures convenient handling and storage. This work highlights the dual role of biomass in steering micro/nanostructural engineering and enhancing photocatalytic properties through synergistic morphology-doping effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 117833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

UV/visible light dual-mode excitable multicolor room-temperature afterglow of carbon dots embedded in matrixes 紫外光/可见光双模可激多色碳点嵌入基体的室温余辉

IF 4.2 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117834

Jing Yang , Ying Duan , Lixu Wang , Wangchuan Xiao , Qiao rong Ru , Peng Li , Shenjie Zhang , Zheng Sun

Host-guest systems of carbon dots (CDs) embedding in matrix with room-temperature afterglow (RTA) are of great importance for various applications, but so far rather limited due to relaying on high-energy ultraviolet (UV) excitation, monochromatic afterglow emission, or harsh synthesis. Herein, PTA materials (PASP@BA) with UV/visible light dual-mode excitation are prepared via one-step heat treatment of polyaspartic acid (PASP) and boric acid (BA). The RTA colors of PASP@BA display a significant bathochromic shift from blue to yellow as the excitation wavelength increases from 254 to 420 nm under ambient condition. Impressively, the visible-light-activated ultralong RTA can last for about 7 s by naked eye under ambient conditions. By correlating photophysical properties with structural characterization results, it is concluded that the polycrystalline boron oxide matrix and covalent B–C bonds can effectively suppress non-radiative transitions and stabilize the triplet excited state of CDs by restricting molecular motion and isolating environmental quenchers, thus facilitating the generation of long afterglow. More interestingly, the afterglow color can be also tuned by dynamic varying in B–C bond density and CDs dimensions. Finally, practical applications of such photo-responsive systems in multi-level information anti-counterfeiting and encryption are further demonstrated.

具有室温余辉（RTA）的碳点嵌入基质的主客体体系具有重要的应用价值，但迄今为止由于依赖高能紫外激发、单色余辉发射或合成条件苛刻而受到限制。本文通过对聚天冬氨酸（PASP）和硼酸（BA）进行一步热处理，制备了紫外/可见光双模激发的PTA材料（PASP@BA）。在环境条件下，当激发波长从254 nm增加到420 nm时，PASP@BA的RTA颜色显示出明显的从蓝色到黄色的色移。令人印象深刻的是，可见光激活的超长RTA在环境条件下可以用肉眼持续约7s。通过对比光物理性质和结构表征结果，得出多晶氧化硼基体和共价B-C键可以有效抑制CDs的非辐射跃迁，并通过限制分子运动和隔离环境猝灭剂来稳定CDs的三重态激发态，从而促进长余辉的产生。更有趣的是，余辉的颜色也可以通过B-C键密度和CDs尺寸的动态变化来调节。最后，进一步阐述了该光响应系统在多层次信息防伪和加密中的实际应用。

{"title":"UV/visible light dual-mode excitable multicolor room-temperature afterglow of carbon dots embedded in matrixes","authors":"Jing Yang , Ying Duan , Lixu Wang , Wangchuan Xiao , Qiao rong Ru , Peng Li , Shenjie Zhang , Zheng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Host-guest systems of carbon dots (CDs) embedding in matrix with room-temperature afterglow (RTA) are of great importance for various applications, but so far rather limited due to relaying on high-energy ultraviolet (UV) excitation, monochromatic afterglow emission, or harsh synthesis. Herein, PTA materials (PASP@BA) with UV/visible light dual-mode excitation are prepared via one-step heat treatment of polyaspartic acid (PASP) and boric acid (BA). The RTA colors of PASP@BA display a significant bathochromic shift from blue to yellow as the excitation wavelength increases from 254 to 420 nm under ambient condition. Impressively, the visible-light-activated ultralong RTA can last for about 7 s by naked eye under ambient conditions. By correlating photophysical properties with structural characterization results, it is concluded that the polycrystalline boron oxide matrix and covalent B–C bonds can effectively suppress non-radiative transitions and stabilize the triplet excited state of CDs by restricting molecular motion and isolating environmental quenchers, thus facilitating the generation of long afterglow. More interestingly, the afterglow color can be also tuned by dynamic varying in B–C bond density and CDs dimensions. Finally, practical applications of such photo-responsive systems in multi-level information anti-counterfeiting and encryption are further demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 117834"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Te4+-doped K2ZrSi3O9 phosphor with rare-earth-free cyan emission Te4+掺杂K2ZrSi3O9荧光粉，无稀土青色发射

IF 4.2 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117832

Ying Gao, Ming Ma, Jiale Zhang, Dan Wang, Wenjun Zhang

Cyan-emitting phosphors are essential for optimizing spectral quality in solid-state lighting and optical display systems. In this work, a Te⁴⁺-activated K₂ZrSi₃O₉ phosphor was synthesized and systematically investigated. The optimized composition, K₂ZrSi₃O₉:0.05Te⁴⁺, exhibits a broad cyan emission band from 420 to 650 nm, peaking at 493 nm with a full width at half maximum of 105 nm under UV excitation. The emission originates from the ³T_2u→¹A_1g and ³T_1u→¹A_1g transitions of Te⁴⁺ ions. An internal quantum efficiency of approximately 39 % was achieved, confirming its efficient radiative recombination behavior. Benefiting from its strong cyan emission and stable photoluminescence, K₂ZrSi₃O₉:Te⁴⁺ is a promising candidate for light-emitting diodes and optical detection applications.

在固态照明和光学显示系统中，青色发光荧光粉是优化光谱质量所必需的。本文合成了一种Te4+活化的K2ZrSi3O9荧光粉，并对其进行了系统的研究。优化后的化合物K2ZrSi3O9:0.05Te4+在紫外光激发下，在420 ~ 650 nm范围内呈现出较宽的青色发射带，在493 nm处达到峰值，全宽为105 nm。发射源于Te4+离子的3T2u→1A1g和3T1u→1A1g跃迁。内部量子效率约为39%，证实了其有效的辐射复合行为。K2ZrSi3O9:Te4+由于其强烈的青色发射和稳定的光致发光，是发光二极管和光学检测应用的有前途的候选者。

引用次数: 0

Dual mode wide range optical thermometer based on Er3+ doped Y2O3 transparent ceramics 基于Er3+掺杂Y2O3透明陶瓷的双模宽量程光学温度计

IF 4.2 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117829

Gao Zhenyu , Tang Wei , Yu Jixin, Lai Junlin, Zhou Kan, Zhang Changhua, Tang Dingyuan

Lanthanide-activated luminescent thermometers have developed as an indispensable technology for non-contact temperature monitoring. Despite their widespread applications, conventional luminescent thermometers suffer from severe performance degradation due to thermal quenching effects, typically limiting their operational range from cryogenic temperatures up to approximately 800 K. In this work, we demonstrate an Er³⁺-doped Y₂O₃ transparent ceramic system that overcomes these limitations through its unique combination of spectroscopic properties. The low-symmetry crystal field environment surrounding Er³⁺ ions, together with the low phonon energy of the Y₂O₃ host matrix, enhances the ⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2 radiative transition, allowing for two independent thermometric approaches: (1) ratiometric detection utilizing the thermally coupled ²H_11/2 and ⁴S_3/2 levels across an unprecedented 300–900 K range, and (2) temperature-dependent lifetime measurements of the ⁴S_3/2 state from 300 to 843 K. The technology achieves impressive relative sensitivity of 0.25 % K⁻¹ for the intensity ratio method and 0.37 % K⁻¹ for the lifetime-based approach. These findings establish Y₂O₃:Er³⁺ as a promising candidate for developing advanced dual-mode luminescent thermometers with enhanced high-temperature performance, potentially revolutionizing temperature sensing in extreme environments.

镧系活化发光温度计已成为非接触式温度监测的重要技术。尽管它们的广泛应用，传统的发光温度计遭受严重的性能下降，由于热淬火效应，通常限制其工作范围从低温到大约800 K。在这项工作中，我们展示了一个Er3+掺杂的Y2O3透明陶瓷系统，通过其独特的光谱特性组合克服了这些限制。Er3+离子周围的低对称性晶体场环境，加上Y2O3基质的低声子能量，增强了4S3/2→4I15/2的辐射跃迁，从而允许两种独立的测温方法：(1)利用热耦合的2H11/2和4S3/2能级在前所未有的300 - 900 K范围内的比例检测，以及(2)在300 - 843 K范围内对4S3/2态进行温度依赖寿命测量。该技术实现了令人印象深刻的相对灵敏度，强度比方法为0.25% K−1，基于寿命的方法为0.37% K−1。这些发现表明，Y2O3:Er3+是开发具有增强高温性能的先进双模发光温度计的有希望的候选者，可能会彻底改变极端环境中的温度传感。

{"title":"Dual mode wide range optical thermometer based on Er3+ doped Y2O3 transparent ceramics","authors":"Gao Zhenyu , Tang Wei , Yu Jixin, Lai Junlin, Zhou Kan, Zhang Changhua, Tang Dingyuan","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lanthanide-activated luminescent thermometers have developed as an indispensable technology for non-contact temperature monitoring. Despite their widespread applications, conventional luminescent thermometers suffer from severe performance degradation due to thermal quenching effects, typically limiting their operational range from cryogenic temperatures up to approximately 800 K. In this work, we demonstrate an Er3+-doped Y2O3 transparent ceramic system that overcomes these limitations through its unique combination of spectroscopic properties. The low-symmetry crystal field environment surrounding Er3+ ions, together with the low phonon energy of the Y2O3 host matrix, enhances the 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 radiative transition, allowing for two independent thermometric approaches: (1) ratiometric detection utilizing the thermally coupled 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 levels across an unprecedented 300–900 K range, and (2) temperature-dependent lifetime measurements of the 4S3/2 state from 300 to 843 K. The technology achieves impressive relative sensitivity of 0.25 % K−1 for the intensity ratio method and 0.37 % K−1 for the lifetime-based approach. These findings establish Y2O3:Er3+ as a promising candidate for developing advanced dual-mode luminescent thermometers with enhanced high-temperature performance, potentially revolutionizing temperature sensing in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 117829"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monomeric vs. aggregated phthalocyanine photosensitizers: differentiation between I and II type of photoreactions 单体与聚集酞菁光敏剂：I型和II型光反应的区别

IF 4.2 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117831

Dmitry A. Bunin , Alexander G. Martynov , Ekaterina K. Urodkova , Aslan Yu. Tsivadze , Yulia G. Gorbunova

Differentiating between types of photodynamic action of photosensitizers (PSs) requires the appropriate selection of chemical traps for various reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide anion (O₂^•–) or singlet oxygen (¹O₂) for types I and II respectively. In this study, a methodology of such differentiation using PSs based on tetracationic Zn(II) phthalocyanine with four peripheral 4-((N,N,N-diethylmethylammonium)methyl)phenoxy groups (Pc⁴⁺) is presented. We studied the aggregated species, aPc⁴⁺, formed by this phthalocyanine in phosphate-buffered saline, as well as its monomeric form, mPc⁴⁺, obtained by solubilizing Pc⁴⁺ in Tween 80 micelles. Generation of ¹O₂ was controlled by the oxidation rate of the ¹O₂-specific probe, 9,10-bis-(4-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)phenyl)anthracene diiodide (TMAPA), however this trap could not indicate the presence of radical ROS. This task was solved using the dihydroethidium (DHE) probe. The MALDI TOF mass-spectra as well as fluorescence excitation spectra have been used to detect and differentiate the products of DHE O₂^•–-mediated hydroxylation vs. ¹O₂-dependent oxidation. Altogether this study ultimately confirmed the difference in photoreaction pathways for monomeric and aggregated forms. Upon photoexcitation at 650 nm, the monomeric form mPc⁴⁺ demonstrates the behavior of type II PSs that generated singlet oxygen, while aggregation essentially quenched generation of ¹O₂ and changed the photodynamic activity to type I, resulting in predominant generation of superoxide anion by aPc⁴⁺, which was not detected in the case of mPc⁴⁺.

区分光敏剂（ps）的光动力作用类型需要为各种活性氧（ROS）如超氧阴离子（O2•-）或单线态氧（1O2）分别选择适当的化学捕集器。在这项研究中，提出了一种基于四聚锌（II）酞菁与四个外围4-（（N，N，N-二乙基甲基铵）甲基）苯氧基（Pc4+）的ps的鉴别方法。我们研究了这种酞菁在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中形成的聚集态aPc4+，以及在Tween 80胶束中溶解Pc4+得到的单体形态mPc4+。o2的生成由o2特异性探针9,10-二-（4-（N，N，N-三甲基铵）苯基）二碘化蒽（tapa）的氧化速率控制，但该陷阱不能表明自由基ROS的存在。用双氢乙锭（DHE）探针解决了这个问题。MALDI TOF质谱以及荧光激发光谱已被用于检测和区分DHE O2•介导的羟基化与O2依赖氧化的产物。总之，这项研究最终证实了单体和聚集形式的光反应途径的差异。在650 nm光激发下，单体形式的mPc4+表现出II型PSs的行为，产生单线态氧，而聚集本质上是抑制了1O2的产生，使光动力活性变为I型，导致aPc4+主要产生超氧阴离子，而mPc4+没有检测到这一点。

{"title":"Monomeric vs. aggregated phthalocyanine photosensitizers: differentiation between I and II type of photoreactions","authors":"Dmitry A. Bunin , Alexander G. Martynov , Ekaterina K. Urodkova , Aslan Yu. Tsivadze , Yulia G. Gorbunova","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Differentiating between types of photodynamic action of photosensitizers (PSs) requires the appropriate selection of chemical traps for various reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide anion (O2•–) or singlet oxygen (1O2) for types I and II respectively. In this study, a methodology of such differentiation using PSs based on tetracationic Zn(II) phthalocyanine with four peripheral 4-((N,N,N-diethylmethylammonium)methyl)phenoxy groups (Pc4+) is presented. We studied the aggregated species, aPc4+, formed by this phthalocyanine in phosphate-buffered saline, as well as its monomeric form, mPc4+, obtained by solubilizing Pc4+ in Tween 80 micelles. Generation of 1O2 was controlled by the oxidation rate of the 1O2-specific probe, 9,10-bis-(4-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)phenyl)anthracene diiodide (TMAPA), however this trap could not indicate the presence of radical ROS. This task was solved using the dihydroethidium (DHE) probe. The MALDI TOF mass-spectra as well as fluorescence excitation spectra have been used to detect and differentiate the products of DHE O2•–-mediated hydroxylation vs. 1O2-dependent oxidation. Altogether this study ultimately confirmed the difference in photoreaction pathways for monomeric and aggregated forms. Upon photoexcitation at 650 nm, the monomeric form mPc4+ demonstrates the behavior of type II PSs that generated singlet oxygen, while aggregation essentially quenched generation of 1O2 and changed the photodynamic activity to type I, resulting in predominant generation of superoxide anion by aPc4+, which was not detected in the case of mPc4+.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 117831"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Size-dependent colouration efficiency of electrochromic niobium oxide smart windows 电致变色氧化铌智能窗的尺寸依赖性显色效率

IF 4.2 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117791

Mahnaz Dadkhah , Cameron Shearer , M.A. Jalil , Siavash Aghili , Dusan Losic

Electrochromic smart windows with electrochromic coatings, have been developed as a key technology for energy-efficient buildings, enabling dynamic control of light and heat transmission in response to external stimuli. To achieve high-performance electrochromic coatings, nanoscale engineering of materials such as niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅) is considered as attractive solution to enhance their optical modulation, charge transport dynamics, and switching efficiency. In this study, we report the size-dependent colouration efficiency of Nb₂O₅ nanostructures synthesized via solvothermal methods using ethanol and benzyl alcohol as solvents and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a surfactant, The prepared materials with particle sizes ranging from 15 nm to 1 μm were deposited onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates by spray coating to fabricate ∼80 % transparent electrochromic electrodes. These electrodes were assembled into electrochromic devices and evaluated for their charge insertion capacity, switching kinetics, and colouration efficiency. Nb₂O₅ nanostructures characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and UV–Vis analysis revealed that decreasing particle size improved crystallinity and enhanced electrochromic performance. The 15 nm Nb₂O₅ films exhibited the highest Li ⁺ diffusion coefficient of 5.37 × 10⁻¹⁴ cm²/s and an optical modulation of 19 % at 700 nm. Furthermore, they showed switching times with a colouration time of 13 s and bleaching time of 3 s, along with a colouration efficiency (CE) of 5.28 cm²/C. In contrast, larger Nb₂O₅ particles (200 nm) exhibited lower performance. These findings highlight the critical influence of particle size and morphology on the electrochromic properties of Nb₂O₅, providing valuable insights into the design of the next-generation smart window coatings through nanostructure control.

具有电致变色涂层的电致变色智能窗户已经成为节能建筑的一项关键技术，能够根据外部刺激动态控制光和热的传输。为了实现高性能的电致变色涂层，纳米级工程材料如五氧化二铌（Nb2O5）被认为是提高其光调制，电荷传输动力学和开关效率的有吸引力的解决方案。在本研究中，我们报道了以乙醇和苯甲醇为溶剂，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为表面活性剂，采用溶剂热法合成的Nb2O5纳米结构的尺寸依赖性显色效率，制备的颗粒尺寸为15 nm ~ 1 μm的材料通过喷涂沉积在氟掺杂氧化锡（FTO）衬底上，制备了透明度为80%的电致变色电极。将这些电极组装成电致变色装置，并评估其电荷插入容量、开关动力学和着色效率。通过TEM、SEM、XRD、Raman光谱和UV-Vis分析等手段对Nb2O5纳米结构进行了表征，结果表明，减小Nb2O5的粒径可以提高结晶度，提高电致变色性能。15 nm Nb2O5薄膜的Li +扩散系数最高，为5.37 × 10−14 cm2/s， 700 nm处的光调制率为19%。此外，它们显示出变色时间为13秒，漂白时间为3秒的切换时间，以及着色效率（CE）为5.28 cm2/C。相比之下，较大的Nb2O5颗粒（200 nm）表现出较低的性能。这些发现强调了Nb2O5的粒度和形貌对电致变色性能的关键影响，为通过纳米结构控制设计下一代智能窗户涂层提供了有价值的见解。

{"title":"Size-dependent colouration efficiency of electrochromic niobium oxide smart windows","authors":"Mahnaz Dadkhah , Cameron Shearer , M.A. Jalil , Siavash Aghili , Dusan Losic","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochromic smart windows with electrochromic coatings, have been developed as a key technology for energy-efficient buildings, enabling dynamic control of light and heat transmission in response to external stimuli. To achieve high-performance electrochromic coatings, nanoscale engineering of materials such as niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) is considered as attractive solution to enhance their optical modulation, charge transport dynamics, and switching efficiency. In this study, we report the size-dependent colouration efficiency of Nb2O5 nanostructures synthesized via solvothermal methods using ethanol and benzyl alcohol as solvents and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a surfactant, The prepared materials with particle sizes ranging from 15 nm to 1 μm were deposited onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates by spray coating to fabricate ∼80 % transparent electrochromic electrodes. These electrodes were assembled into electrochromic devices and evaluated for their charge insertion capacity, switching kinetics, and colouration efficiency. Nb2O5 nanostructures characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and UV–Vis analysis revealed that decreasing particle size improved crystallinity and enhanced electrochromic performance. The 15 nm Nb2O5 films exhibited the highest Li + diffusion coefficient of 5.37 × 10−14 cm2/s and an optical modulation of 19 % at 700 nm. Furthermore, they showed switching times with a colouration time of 13 s and bleaching time of 3 s, along with a colouration efficiency (CE) of 5.28 cm2/C. In contrast, larger Nb2O5 particles (200 nm) exhibited lower performance. These findings highlight the critical influence of particle size and morphology on the electrochromic properties of Nb2O5, providing valuable insights into the design of the next-generation smart window coatings through nanostructure control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 117791"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Materials down-selection of modified 7000-series aluminum alloys for the additive manufacturing of metallic mirrors 金属反射镜增材制造用改性7000系铝合金的材料选择

IF 4.2 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117830

Julian R. Lohser , Cale E. Lewis , Paul M. Adams , Geena L. Ferrelli , Jenn-Ming Yang , Rafael J. Zaldivar

Additive manufacturing (AM) has become a disruptive technology for the manufacture of aluminum (Al) mirrors by significantly reducing fabrication timelines, maximizing lightweighting solutions, and improving the designs of these space-based, optical systems. However, most of the available laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF)-processable aluminum systems are limited to lower strength alloys, minimizing their full potential. 7xxx-series Al alloys have excellent mechanical properties but are difficult to process by AM due to tendencies towards hot cracking, an issue that can be reduced by the introduction of a nucleating agent. In this investigation, a series of commercially available, modified 7xxx-series Al–Zn–Mg–Cu powder formulations (HRL, MetaLi, Elementum3D) were investigated as potential alloys for mirror applications. The samples were printed and post processed to correlate microstructural variations to mechanical, thermal and final diamond turning (DT) surface quality. The HRL 7A77 and Elementum3D 7050-RAM2 powders that rely on in-situ alloying of micron-scale ZrH₂ and Ti inoculants, respectively, resulted in good mechanical and thermal properties; however, the surface quality was negatively impacted by undissolved large particulates. On the other hand, the MetaLi 7075NT powder, which was pre-alloyed with sub-micron TiC particles, exhibited excellent distribution and not only achieved nominal properties but also attained a high-quality 30 Å RMS surface finish.

增材制造（AM）通过显著缩短制造时间、最大化轻量化解决方案和改进这些天基光学系统的设计，已经成为铝（Al）反射镜制造的一项颠覆性技术。然而，大多数可用的激光粉末床熔合（L-PBF）可加工铝系统仅限于低强度合金，最大限度地降低了其全部潜力。7xxx系列铝合金具有优异的机械性能，但由于有热裂的倾向，因此难以通过增材制造进行加工，这一问题可以通过引入成核剂来减少。在这项研究中，研究了一系列市售的改性7xxx系列Al-Zn-Mg-Cu粉末配方（HRL, MetaLi, Elementum3D）作为反射镜应用的潜在合金。样品经过打印和后处理，以将微观结构变化与机械，热和最终金刚石车削（DT）表面质量联系起来。HRL 7A77和Elementum3D 7050-RAM2粉末分别采用微米级ZrH2和Ti孕育剂原位合金化，获得了良好的力学性能和热性能；然而，未溶解的大颗粒对表面质量有负面影响。另一方面，与亚微米TiC颗粒预合金的MetaLi 7075NT粉末具有良好的分布，不仅达到了标称性能，而且获得了30 Å RMS的高质量表面光洁度。

{"title":"Materials down-selection of modified 7000-series aluminum alloys for the additive manufacturing of metallic mirrors","authors":"Julian R. Lohser , Cale E. Lewis , Paul M. Adams , Geena L. Ferrelli , Jenn-Ming Yang , Rafael J. Zaldivar","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.117830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) has become a disruptive technology for the manufacture of aluminum (Al) mirrors by significantly reducing fabrication timelines, maximizing lightweighting solutions, and improving the designs of these space-based, optical systems. However, most of the available laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF)-processable aluminum systems are limited to lower strength alloys, minimizing their full potential. 7xxx-series Al alloys have excellent mechanical properties but are difficult to process by AM due to tendencies towards hot cracking, an issue that can be reduced by the introduction of a nucleating agent. In this investigation, a series of commercially available, modified 7xxx-series Al–Zn–Mg–Cu powder formulations (HRL, MetaLi, Elementum3D) were investigated as potential alloys for mirror applications. The samples were printed and post processed to correlate microstructural variations to mechanical, thermal and final diamond turning (DT) surface quality. The HRL 7A77 and Elementum3D 7050-RAM2 powders that rely on in-situ alloying of micron-scale ZrH2 and Ti inoculants, respectively, resulted in good mechanical and thermal properties; however, the surface quality was negatively impacted by undissolved large particulates. On the other hand, the MetaLi 7075NT powder, which was pre-alloyed with sub-micron TiC particles, exhibited excellent distribution and not only achieved nominal properties but also attained a high-quality 30 Å RMS surface finish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"172 ","pages":"Article 117830"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0