A co-doping strategy is an effective approach for enhancing the properties of luminescence materials. In this study, Pr3+ co-doped CLLBC:Ce crystals with varying concentrations of Ce and Pr3+ were successfully grown using the Bridgman method. The dimensions of the machined crystal samples were approximately Ф12 mm ∗ 6 mm. Characterization results of XRD and XPS confirmed the incorporation of Pr³⁺ into the CLLBC:Ce crystal host. The effects of the substitution amount of Pr3+ and Ce3+ on the luminescent properties and scintillation properties were systematically investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, XEL, and decay kinetics. Energy transfer between Pr3+ and Ce3+ was observed, and the scintillation mechanism was comprehensively discussed. The results demonstrate that Pr3+ co-doping significantly enhances the luminescent properties of CLLBC:Ce crystals.
{"title":"The luminescence properties and energy transfer mechanism of Pr3+ co-doped CLLBC: Ce crystal","authors":"Qisheng Chen, Qinhua Wei, HaoHan Wang, Shengwei Liu, Hang Yin, Suyin Zhang, Gao Tang, Laishun Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A co-doping strategy is an effective approach for enhancing the properties of luminescence materials. In this study, Pr<sup>3+</sup> co-doped CLLBC:Ce crystals with varying concentrations of Ce and Pr<sup>3+</sup> were successfully grown using the Bridgman method. The dimensions of the machined crystal samples were approximately Ф12 mm ∗ 6 mm. Characterization results of XRD and XPS confirmed the incorporation of Pr³⁺ into the CLLBC:Ce crystal host. The effects of the substitution amount of Pr<sup>3+</sup> and Ce<sup>3+</sup> on the luminescent properties and scintillation properties were systematically investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, XEL, and decay kinetics. Energy transfer between Pr<sup>3+</sup> and Ce<sup>3+</sup> was observed, and the scintillation mechanism was comprehensively discussed. The results demonstrate that Pr<sup>3+</sup> co-doping significantly enhances the luminescent properties of CLLBC:Ce crystals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research successfully integrated an iron-based metal-organic framework (MIL-53) onto boron and sulfur co-doped hollow g-C3N4 (CNBS) nanotubes, resulting in the formation of the CNBS@MIL-53 (M-CNBS) heterojunction with a Z-scheme architecture. This configuration significantly enhances the photodegradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) and facilitates the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. The M-CNBS structure offers a substantial specific surface area and minimizes interfacial resistance, thereby promoting rapid electron transport. Compared to other synthesized materials, the M-CNBS heterostructure demonstrates exceptional photocatalytic performance, achieving 99 % degradation of BPA and producing 2800 μmol of hydrogen within 60 min of exposure to visible light. Additionally, the study proposes a potential reaction mechanism and degradation pathway for BPA over M-CNBS. The findings underscore the remarkable photocatalytic activity of the Z-scheme M-CNBS in BPA degradation and hydrogen production, suggesting its potential application in developing hollow g-C3N4@MIL-53 MOF structures as effective solutions for wastewater treatment and hydrogen generation, addressing pressing global environmental and energy challenges.
{"title":"B, S co-doped g-C3N4 hollow nanotubes/MIL-53 heterostructure: A MOF derived high performance Z scheme photocatalyst for bisphenol A degradation and H2 evolution","authors":"Ugrabadi Sahoo , Samarjit Pattnayak , Shubhalaxmi Choudhury , Pragnyashree Aparajita , Sandeep Das , Garudadhwaj Hota","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research successfully integrated an iron-based metal-organic framework (MIL-53) onto boron and sulfur co-doped hollow g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (CNBS) nanotubes, resulting in the formation of the CNBS@MIL-53 (M-CNBS) heterojunction with a Z-scheme architecture. This configuration significantly enhances the photodegradation of Bisphenol A (BPA) and facilitates the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. The M-CNBS structure offers a substantial specific surface area and minimizes interfacial resistance, thereby promoting rapid electron transport. Compared to other synthesized materials, the M-CNBS heterostructure demonstrates exceptional photocatalytic performance, achieving 99 % degradation of BPA and producing 2800 μmol of hydrogen within 60 min of exposure to visible light. Additionally, the study proposes a potential reaction mechanism and degradation pathway for BPA over M-CNBS. The findings underscore the remarkable photocatalytic activity of the Z-scheme M-CNBS in BPA degradation and hydrogen production, suggesting its potential application in developing hollow g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>@MIL-53 MOF structures as effective solutions for wastewater treatment and hydrogen generation, addressing pressing global environmental and energy challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116778"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116731
Laila Almanqur
Herein, the spin-coating technique was used to fabricate Dichlorofluorescein films and surface roughness parameters such as the valley depth, Rv and peak profile, and Rp, which were studied by atomic force microscopy, AFM. The thermal stability of the 2,7-dichlorofluorescein powder was investigated, and the sublimation point was estimated. The optical constants of the dichlorofluorescein films were calculated using transmittance and reflection. The optical transition and the energy band gap were extracted for manufactured nanostructure dichlorofluorescein films. The Wemple-DiDomenico was interpreted as a single oscillator model to investigate and estimate the dispersion energy, Ed and strength, Eo. Moreover, the recorded optical dispersion was analyzed using the Cauchy and Conrady models. The investigated SELF has two maximum values, mainly at hυ = 1.253 eV and 4.065 eV, which correlate to the two prominent positions where the real permittivity changes its polarity. The ideality factor, the reverse saturation current and barrier height are estimated. Moreover, the microelectronic parameters such as the rectification ratio, series resistance, Rs and shunt resistance Rsh for the manufactured C/dichlorofluorescein/p-Si/Al devices are investigated and estimated. An impedance spectroscopy (IS) method based on the parallel connection was used to investigate the dynamic behaviour of the charge carrier across dichlorofluorescein/p-Si junctions at different frequencies from 5 kHz to 5 MHz in the applied voltage range from 0.28 V to 0.8W. Finally, the photovoltaic behaviour and the response to the normal light (Responsivity and LDR parameters) Carbon/Dichlorofluorescein/p-Si/Al were investigated and characterized.
{"title":"Topological and optical properties of 2,7-dichlorofluorescein thin films electrical characterization of carbon/dichlorofluorescein/p-Si/Al photovoltaic devices","authors":"Laila Almanqur","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, the spin-coating technique was used to fabricate Dichlorofluorescein films and surface roughness parameters such as the valley depth, R<sub>v</sub> and peak profile, and R<sub>p, which</sub> were studied by atomic force microscopy, AFM. The thermal stability of the 2,7-dichlorofluorescein powder was investigated, and the sublimation point was estimated. The optical constants of the dichlorofluorescein films were calculated using transmittance and reflection. The optical transition and the energy band gap were extracted for manufactured nanostructure dichlorofluorescein films. The Wemple-DiDomenico was interpreted as a single oscillator model to investigate and estimate the dispersion energy, E<sub>d</sub> and strength, E<sub>o</sub>. Moreover, the recorded optical dispersion was analyzed using the Cauchy and Conrady models. The investigated SELF has two maximum values, mainly at hυ = 1.253 eV and 4.065 eV, which correlate to the two prominent positions where the real permittivity changes its polarity. The ideality factor, the reverse saturation current and barrier height are estimated. Moreover, the microelectronic parameters such as the rectification ratio, series resistance, R<sub>s</sub> and shunt resistance R<sub>sh</sub> for the manufactured C/dichlorofluorescein/p-Si/Al devices are investigated and estimated. An impedance spectroscopy (IS) method based on the parallel connection was used to investigate the dynamic behaviour of the charge carrier across dichlorofluorescein/p-Si junctions at different frequencies from 5 kHz to 5 MHz in the applied voltage range from 0.28 V to 0.8W. Finally, the photovoltaic behaviour and the response to the normal light (Responsivity and LDR parameters) Carbon/Dichlorofluorescein/p-Si/Al were investigated and characterized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 116731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116780
Sergey R. Zanizdra , Vladislav M. Korshunov , Mikhail T. Metlin , Daria A. Metlina , Victoria E. Gontcharenko , Ilya V. Taydakov
For decades, researchers have utilized fluorination of ligand molecules in trivalent lanthanide ion (Ln3+) complexes as the chemical approach to suppress non-radiative relaxation processes. In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the photophysical properties of europium Eu3+ acetylacetonate complexes bearing methyl (CH3) and trifluoromethyl (CF3) substituents. Our findings reveal that fluorination of the β-diketone ligand exerts a multifaceted influence on its photophysical properties. Sequential replacement of CH3 with CF3 lowers the energies of both singlet and triplet excited states, thereby enhancing energy transfer efficiency from the ligand to the metal ion. Moreover, the replacement of CH3 with CF3 fundamentally alters the nature of the charge transfer state and significantly suppresses non-radiative vibrational relaxation. It leads to a remarkable increase in both intrinsic and overall luminescence quantum yield by an order of magnitude. This study establishes a foundation for designing highly luminescent Ln3+ complexes by unveiling previously unexplored characteristics of charge transfer states.
{"title":"Exploring the effect of fluorine radicals as substituents in β-diketones on the luminescence properties of Eu3+ complexes","authors":"Sergey R. Zanizdra , Vladislav M. Korshunov , Mikhail T. Metlin , Daria A. Metlina , Victoria E. Gontcharenko , Ilya V. Taydakov","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For decades, researchers have utilized fluorination of ligand molecules in trivalent lanthanide ion (Ln<sup>3+</sup>) complexes as the chemical approach to suppress non-radiative relaxation processes. In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the photophysical properties of europium Eu<sup>3+</sup> acetylacetonate complexes bearing methyl (CH<sub>3</sub>) and trifluoromethyl (CF<sub>3</sub>) substituents. Our findings reveal that fluorination of the β-diketone ligand exerts a multifaceted influence on its photophysical properties. Sequential replacement of CH<sub>3</sub> with CF<sub>3</sub> lowers the energies of both singlet and triplet excited states, thereby enhancing energy transfer efficiency from the ligand to the metal ion. Moreover, the replacement of CH<sub>3</sub> with CF<sub>3</sub> fundamentally alters the nature of the charge transfer state and significantly suppresses non-radiative vibrational relaxation. It leads to a remarkable increase in both intrinsic and overall luminescence quantum yield by an order of magnitude. This study establishes a foundation for designing highly luminescent Ln<sup>3+</sup> complexes by unveiling previously unexplored characteristics of charge transfer states.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116780"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116774
Ye Chen , Zunxian Yang , Jiaxiang Wang , Hui Zhang , Yue Chen , Xudong Jiang , Yuting Bai , Jiajie Hong , Benfang Liu , Zheyu Zhou , Runsen Yu , Zhezhou Fang , Jinzhu Gao , Xuanyao Song , Zhiyu Yuan , Tailiang Guo , Fushan Li , Yongyi Chen , Zhenzhen Weng
Quantum dot (QD) based light-emitting diode devices (QLEDs) attracted significant academic interest due to their outstanding color saturation and convenient solution-based manufacturing processes. Currently, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of red, green, and blue QLEDs reached their own theoretical limits. However, there was still a common phenomenon of roll-off existed in QLEDs. In this work, QLEDs with an ultra low roll-off were realized via simple carrier injection regulation strategy in achieving carrier recombination balance and exhibited excellent repeatability. By modifying quantum dots and electron transport layer (ETL), the champion device with the peak EQE of 15.2 %, and a current efficiency (CE) of 63.4 cd/A was successfully fabricated, which were 1.9 and 2.0 times greater than those of the control devices, respectively. The devices delivered a peak brightness of 266,778 cd/m2, and the EQE remained at 15.0 % at a brightness of 50,000 cd/m2, staying above 14 % within the range of 3000 to 200,000 cd/m2. At a voltage of 10 V, the peak EQE of the optimized devices decreased by only 7.6 % when compared with their optimum value of EQEs, while the EQE of the control device declined by 26.6 %. Finally, analysis of 40 different batches of devices revealed an average EQE of 14.3 %, demonstrating that this strategy exhibited good repeatability. This approach provided a convenient means to regulate carrier injection and further elucidated the relationship between roll-off and carrier injection balance in QLEDs, proposing a strategy to enhance their performance and simultaneously mitigate roll-off.
{"title":"Dual optimization strategies to achieve low roll-off and stable quantum dot light-emitting diodes","authors":"Ye Chen , Zunxian Yang , Jiaxiang Wang , Hui Zhang , Yue Chen , Xudong Jiang , Yuting Bai , Jiajie Hong , Benfang Liu , Zheyu Zhou , Runsen Yu , Zhezhou Fang , Jinzhu Gao , Xuanyao Song , Zhiyu Yuan , Tailiang Guo , Fushan Li , Yongyi Chen , Zhenzhen Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum dot (QD) based light-emitting diode devices (QLEDs) attracted significant academic interest due to their outstanding color saturation and convenient solution-based manufacturing processes. Currently, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of red, green, and blue QLEDs reached their own theoretical limits. However, there was still a common phenomenon of roll-off existed in QLEDs. In this work, QLEDs with an ultra low roll-off were realized via simple carrier injection regulation strategy in achieving carrier recombination balance and exhibited excellent repeatability. By modifying quantum dots and electron transport layer (ETL), the champion device with the peak EQE of 15.2 %, and a current efficiency (CE) of 63.4 cd/A was successfully fabricated, which were 1.9 and 2.0 times greater than those of the control devices, respectively. The devices delivered a peak brightness of 266,778 cd/m<sup>2</sup>, and the EQE remained at 15.0 % at a brightness of 50,000 cd/m<sup>2</sup>, staying above 14 % within the range of 3000 to 200,000 cd/m<sup>2</sup>. At a voltage of 10 V, the peak EQE of the optimized devices decreased by only 7.6 % when compared with their optimum value of EQEs, while the EQE of the control device declined by 26.6 %. Finally, analysis of 40 different batches of devices revealed an average EQE of 14.3 %, demonstrating that this strategy exhibited good repeatability. This approach provided a convenient means to regulate carrier injection and further elucidated the relationship between roll-off and carrier injection balance in QLEDs, proposing a strategy to enhance their performance and simultaneously mitigate roll-off.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116779
Evgeny R. Dudko , Dmitry I. Pavlov , Alexey A. Ryadun , Tatiana Y. Guselnikova , Vladimir P. Fedin , Xiaolin Yu , Andrei S. Potapov
New zinc-based luminescent coordination polymer [Zn2(bpy)(H2O)2(LO)2] (Zn-CP, H2LO – 4,7-di(4-carboxypyrazol-1-yl)-2,1,3-benzooxadiazole, bpy – 4,4′-bipyridine) was synthesized. The compound demonstrated high stability in various organic solvents and excellent luminescent properties with the photoluminescence quantum yield of 57 %. Zn-CP was capable of detecting aluminum, gallium and dihydrogen phosphate ions with the limits of detection 0.10, 0.17 and 0.14 μM, respectively. The luminescence turn-on upon the addition of these analytes can be detected by the naked eye, making possible the fabrication of express test paper strips. The possibility of using the CP as phosphors in UV-pumped light-emitting diodes was also demonstrated.
{"title":"2,1,3-Benzoxadiazole-based luminescent metal-organic coordination polymer for sensitive detection of dihydrogen phosphate anion and trivalent metal cations","authors":"Evgeny R. Dudko , Dmitry I. Pavlov , Alexey A. Ryadun , Tatiana Y. Guselnikova , Vladimir P. Fedin , Xiaolin Yu , Andrei S. Potapov","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>New zinc-based luminescent coordination polymer [Zn<sub>2</sub>(bpy)(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>(L<sub>O</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] (<strong>Zn-CP</strong>, H<sub>2</sub>L<sub>O</sub> – 4,7-di(4-carboxypyrazol-1-yl)-2,1,3-benzooxadiazole, bpy – 4,4′-bipyridine) was synthesized. The compound demonstrated high stability in various organic solvents and excellent luminescent properties with the photoluminescence quantum yield of 57 %. <strong>Zn-CP</strong> was capable of detecting aluminum, gallium and dihydrogen phosphate ions with the limits of detection 0.10, 0.17 and 0.14 μM, respectively. The luminescence turn-on upon the addition of these analytes can be detected by the naked eye, making possible the fabrication of express test paper strips. The possibility of using the CP as phosphors in UV-pumped light-emitting diodes was also demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116757
Piyush Radheshyam Yadav , Pundlik Rambhau Bhagat
Herein, a metal-free porphyrin encompassing (2,4-dinitrophenyl)-imino)-methyne chromophore (PcDNPIMC) was synthesized for the efficient degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation. The porphyrin based photocatalyst exhibited exceptional optical and photocatalytic characteristics due to its 18πe-aromatic character with suitable band gap. The formation of PcDNPIMC was confirmed by FT-IR, UV/Vis., Diffuse Reflectance and FL Spectra, PXRD, BET analysis, SEM/EDAX analysis. The optimized reaction conditions for the photodegradation of MB were found to be 20 mg/L photocatalyst, 10 ppm dye solution at pH 5, in 240 min under 5W LED affording 95.5 % degradation. The active species formed in the photodegradation were identified as h+, O2•-, e−, and •OH, were confirmed by CH3COONH4, benzoquinone, AgNO3 and IPA respectively. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of MB was reduced from 39.47 to 27.98 ppm. The various sequential fragments formed via photodegradation of MB were supported by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and FT-IR. Moreover, the decolorization of MB was perceived by UV–Vis. spectrophotometer. The optimized protocol was successfully applied for photodegradation of large-volume MB (250 mL, 10 ppm) under a 5W LED light. Overall, the metal/additive-free PcDNPIMC could be a suitable and effective photocatalyst for the removal of MB contaminants from water bodies.
{"title":"Metal free innovative approach for the removal of methylene blue from simulated water sample by novel porphyrin based photocatalyst","authors":"Piyush Radheshyam Yadav , Pundlik Rambhau Bhagat","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, a metal-free porphyrin encompassing (2,4-dinitrophenyl)-imino)-methyne chromophore (PcDNPIMC) was synthesized for the efficient degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation. The porphyrin based photocatalyst exhibited exceptional optical and photocatalytic characteristics due to its 18πe-aromatic character with suitable band gap. The formation of PcDNPIMC was confirmed by FT-IR, UV/Vis., Diffuse Reflectance and FL Spectra, PXRD, BET analysis, SEM/EDAX analysis. The optimized reaction conditions for the photodegradation of MB were found to be 20 mg/L photocatalyst, 10 ppm dye solution at pH 5, in 240 min under 5W LED affording 95.5 % degradation. The active species formed in the photodegradation were identified as h<sup><strong>+</strong></sup>, O<sub>2</sub><sup>•-</sup>, e<sup>−</sup>, and <sup>•</sup>OH, were confirmed by CH<sub>3</sub>COONH<sub>4</sub>, benzoquinone, AgNO<sub>3</sub> and IPA respectively. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of MB was reduced from 39.47 to 27.98 ppm. The various sequential fragments formed via photodegradation of MB were supported by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and FT-IR. Moreover, the decolorization of MB was perceived by UV–Vis. spectrophotometer. The optimized protocol was successfully applied for photodegradation of large-volume MB (250 mL, 10 ppm) under a 5W LED light. Overall, the metal<strong>/</strong>additive-free PcDNPIMC could be a suitable and effective photocatalyst for the removal of MB contaminants from water bodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116757"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116776
Yifan Kang , Hongtao Yang , Cheng Wang , Jiafu Wang , Jun Wang , Jing Liu , Guanfang Zhu , Chao Wang
A polarization-independent broadband infrared wavelength selective emitter (IWSE) based on hybrid photonic crystal architectures is proposed and demonstrated. The salient feature is that it composes of alternating Ge/ZnS layers configuration with specially crafted gradient thickness, which renders it low average emissivity of less than 0.15 in two atmospheric windows of 3–5 μm and 8–14 μm, high average emissivity of more than 0.6 in non-atmospheric window of 5–8 μm, and strong narrowband absorption at 10.6 μm. Since the accumulated thermal energy can be effectively dissipated, it is very suitable for the application of effective thermal-stable laser-infrared compatible camouflage. The comprehensive dependence of broadband selective emission properties on structural parameters, polarization and incident angle of the incoming excitation are studied. The underlying physical mechanisms are explored and the basic guidelines for designing IWSE are achieved. It is found that the doped impurity layers lead to an absorption hybridization effect in the photonic crystal heterojunction and that the narrowband absorption at 10.6 μm essentially originates from the Fabry-Perot resonance localized within the doped layers unit and exists as an impurity state in photonic crystal bandgap. The regulation of the absorption hybridization effect is detailedly investigated. Furthermore, we reexamine the principle difference between the infrared and laser camouflage and propose a generalized method for evaluating the laser-infrared compatible camouflage performance of IWSE. The proof-of-principle IWSE is fabricated, and the measured infrared emission property is in agreement with the simulations. High temperature durability of the proposed IWSE was experimentally ensured up to more than 400 °C, which shows that the IWSE scheme can be expected to have further practical application in territory of high performance laser-infrared compatible camouflage under variable temperature environments.
{"title":"One-dimension hybrid Ge/ZnS photonic crystal film tailored for thermal-stable laser-infrared compatible camouflage","authors":"Yifan Kang , Hongtao Yang , Cheng Wang , Jiafu Wang , Jun Wang , Jing Liu , Guanfang Zhu , Chao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A polarization-independent broadband infrared wavelength selective emitter (IWSE) based on hybrid photonic crystal architectures is proposed and demonstrated. The salient feature is that it composes of alternating Ge/ZnS layers configuration with specially crafted gradient thickness, which renders it low average emissivity of less than 0.15 in two atmospheric windows of 3–5 μm and 8–14 μm, high average emissivity of more than 0.6 in non-atmospheric window of 5–8 μm, and strong narrowband absorption at 10.6 μm. Since the accumulated thermal energy can be effectively dissipated, it is very suitable for the application of effective thermal-stable laser-infrared compatible camouflage. The comprehensive dependence of broadband selective emission properties on structural parameters, polarization and incident angle of the incoming excitation are studied. The underlying physical mechanisms are explored and the basic guidelines for designing IWSE are achieved. It is found that the doped impurity layers lead to an absorption hybridization effect in the photonic crystal heterojunction and that the narrowband absorption at 10.6 μm essentially originates from the Fabry-Perot resonance localized within the doped layers unit and exists as an impurity state in photonic crystal bandgap. The regulation of the absorption hybridization effect is detailedly investigated. Furthermore, we reexamine the principle difference between the infrared and laser camouflage and propose a generalized method for evaluating the laser-infrared compatible camouflage performance of IWSE. The proof-of-principle IWSE is fabricated, and the measured infrared emission property is in agreement with the simulations. High temperature durability of the proposed IWSE was experimentally ensured up to more than 400 °C, which shows that the IWSE scheme can be expected to have further practical application in territory of high performance laser-infrared compatible camouflage under variable temperature environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 116776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116775
Yuexin Xu , Yunqing Lu , Senlin Hu , Jinpeng Wu , Jin Wang
In this paper, a white light-emission scheme based on the superstructure ZIF-8⊃quantum dots composite film is proposed. In this scheme, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are encapsulated in-situ within the rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-8 crystals, which are self-assembled to form the superstructure composite film having photonic crystal-like properties. When a blue light is launched to this superstructure composite film, part of the incident light is reflected due to the photonic bandgap of the composite film. The other part of the incident light enters into the composite film, due to either the skin effect of photonic crystals or the incomplete reflection of the photonic bandgap, and excite the QDs within the composite film to emit a yellow fluorescence. Then, the complementary reflected light and emitted fluorescence can be combined as a white light. In this work, the superstructure ZIF-8⊃CdSe/ZnS composite film with an orderly particle arrangement is fabricated, where the adhesion between the film and the substrate and the solvent evaporation temperature are optimized to improve the quality and stability of the superstructure composite film. The morphology, structure and optical properties such as UV-VIS absorption, reflection and photoluminescence spectra of the composite films are characterized. The results show that the particle size of ZIF-8 crystals can be adjusted by controlling the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant solution. Among them, for the particle size around 144.9 nm and under excitation with a 470 nm light, the good white light is obtained, where its CIE coordinates are (0.3347, 0.3324). In fact, because of the adjustability of the particle size of ZIF-8 crystals, the selection of incident light and emitted fluorescence has a great degree of freedom, which makes our proposed scheme more flexible.
{"title":"White light-emission based on superstructure ZIF-8⊃CdSe/ZnS quantum dots composite film","authors":"Yuexin Xu , Yunqing Lu , Senlin Hu , Jinpeng Wu , Jin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a white light-emission scheme based on the superstructure ZIF-8⊃quantum dots composite film is proposed. In this scheme, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are encapsulated in-situ within the rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-8 crystals, which are self-assembled to form the superstructure composite film having photonic crystal-like properties. When a blue light is launched to this superstructure composite film, part of the incident light is reflected due to the photonic bandgap of the composite film. The other part of the incident light enters into the composite film, due to either the skin effect of photonic crystals or the incomplete reflection of the photonic bandgap, and excite the QDs within the composite film to emit a yellow fluorescence. Then, the complementary reflected light and emitted fluorescence can be combined as a white light. In this work, the superstructure ZIF-8⊃CdSe/ZnS composite film with an orderly particle arrangement is fabricated, where the adhesion between the film and the substrate and the solvent evaporation temperature are optimized to improve the quality and stability of the superstructure composite film. The morphology, structure and optical properties such as UV-VIS absorption, reflection and photoluminescence spectra of the composite films are characterized. The results show that the particle size of ZIF-8 crystals can be adjusted by controlling the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant solution. Among them, for the particle size around 144.9 nm and under excitation with a 470 nm light, the good white light is obtained, where its CIE coordinates are (0.3347, 0.3324). In fact, because of the adjustability of the particle size of ZIF-8 crystals, the selection of incident light and emitted fluorescence has a great degree of freedom, which makes our proposed scheme more flexible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maxwell-Wagner charge and electric field formation, as well as the associated generation of the electric field induced second harmonic (SH), are firstly studied in soda-lime glass structures produced with electric field assisted potassium-to-sodium ion exchange. The measured Maxwell-Wagner charge accumulation times are in the range of minutes and depend on the thickness of subsurface region enriched with potassium ions. The dynamics of the SH signal, which corresponds to the dynamics of Maxwell-Wagner charge accumulation in the specimens, made it possible to estimate the electrical conductivity and, consequently, mobility of charge carriers of both the original glass containing mainly sodium ions and the ion-exchanged region containing potassium ions. Estimated ionic mobilities are ∼1.7∙10−22 m2/(V∙s) and ∼1.7∙10−20 m2/(V∙s) at room temperature for potassium and sodium ions, respectively. This data corresponds to those known for soda-lime glasses. At 60 °C mobility values are expectedly higher: ∼14∙10−22 m2/(V∙s) and ∼9∙10−20 m2/(V∙s), respectively. It is shown that the Maxwell-Wagner effect and the associated SH generation in glasses represent another tool for characterizing ion-exchange modification of glass properties.
{"title":"Maxwell-Wagner effect and second optical harmonic generation in a glass via field-assisted ion exchange","authors":"Gennadiy Kan, Sergey Scherbak, Oleg Pleshakov, Aleksey Terpitskiy, Ilya Reshetov, Valentina Zhurikhina, Andrey Lipovskii","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maxwell-Wagner charge and electric field formation, as well as the associated generation of the electric field induced second harmonic (SH), are firstly studied in soda-lime glass structures produced with electric field assisted potassium-to-sodium ion exchange. The measured Maxwell-Wagner charge accumulation times are in the range of minutes and depend on the thickness of subsurface region enriched with potassium ions. The dynamics of the SH signal, which corresponds to the dynamics of Maxwell-Wagner charge accumulation in the specimens, made it possible to estimate the electrical conductivity and, consequently, mobility of charge carriers of both the original glass containing mainly sodium ions and the ion-exchanged region containing potassium ions. Estimated ionic mobilities are ∼1.7∙10<sup>−22</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/(V∙s) and ∼1.7∙10<sup>−20</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/(V∙s) at room temperature for potassium and sodium ions, respectively. This data corresponds to those known for soda-lime glasses. At 60 °C mobility values are expectedly higher: ∼14∙10<sup>−22</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/(V∙s) and ∼9∙10<sup>−20</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/(V∙s), respectively. It is shown that the Maxwell-Wagner effect and the associated SH generation in glasses represent another tool for characterizing ion-exchange modification of glass properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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