Optical Materials最新文献_第4页

Comprehensive review of CZTS deposition techniques and experimental insights into low-temperature chemical synthesis of CZTS thin film solar cells 全面回顾 CZTS 沉积技术以及 CZTS 薄膜太阳能电池低温化学合成的实验启示

IF 3.8 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116427

Raghad Massadeh , Mohammad M. Hamasha

This review describes various deposition methods and subsequent processes for synthesizing Cu₂ZnSnS₄ thin films, a promising chalcogenide photovoltaic absorber material from an earth-abundant, non-toxic element inventory. CZTS promises a benign alternative route in contrast to conventional CIGS and CdTe photovoltaics based on rare and expensive elements. The review classifies CZTS fabrication as either a one-step or a two-step process and then elaborates on the different processes involved, such as PLD, electrodeposition, spray pyrolysis, spin coating, and sputtering. Investigation has been carried out in this work for each technique with respect to respective advantages and deficiencies regarding scalability, film quality, and any need for sulfurization to improve crystallinity and phase purity for efficient photovoltaic performance. This work also gives an insight into the experimental study through low-temperature chemical synthesis methodology for depositing CZTS films, while combining techniques such as spin coating and sulfurization in a controlled manner in order to achieve optimized material composition and electronic properties. Characterization through XRD and XPS revealed optimal stoichiometry with minor secondary phases. From this, one can consider that CZTS could be a very promising material candidate toward a scalable, efficient solar cell. The aim of this work is to underpin further advances in CZTS-based photovoltaics by optimization of deposition strategies and improvement in film quality for sustainable energy applications.

这篇综述介绍了各种沉积方法和合成铜锌硒薄膜的后续工艺，铜锌硒薄膜是一种很有前途的千氧化物光伏吸收材料，其原料来自地球上丰富的无毒元素库存。与基于稀有和昂贵元素的传统 CIGS 和 CdTe 光伏技术相比，CZTS 是一种良性的替代途径。本综述将 CZTS 的制造分为一步法和两步法，然后详细介绍了所涉及的不同工艺，如 PLD、电沉积、喷雾热解、旋镀和溅射。本研究对每种技术的可扩展性、薄膜质量以及是否需要硫化以提高结晶度和相纯度从而实现高效光伏性能等方面的优势和不足进行了调查。这项研究还深入探讨了通过低温化学合成方法沉积 CZTS 薄膜的实验研究，同时以受控方式结合了旋涂和硫化等技术，以实现优化的材料成分和电子特性。通过 XRD 和 XPS 进行的表征显示，CZTS 具有最佳的化学计量，次生相较少。由此可以认为，CZTS 是一种非常有前途的候选材料，可用于制造可扩展的高效太阳能电池。这项工作的目的是通过优化沉积策略和提高薄膜质量，进一步推动基于 CZTS 的光伏技术在可持续能源应用领域的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Various pulse nonlinear evolution and dynamics employing CuCrO2 nanocrystals as a promising saturable absorber 利用 CuCrO2 纳米晶体作为前景广阔的可饱和吸收体的各种脉冲非线性演化和动力学特性

IF 3.8 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116391

Yunping Lan , Jiayuan Han , Yingtian Xu , Chongyang Xu , He Zhang , Weiyan Li , Heng Liu

Considering that fiber lasers are a far richer nonlinear optical system, a systematical study on various pulse nonlinear evolution and dynamics by one SA has great significance. However, investigating these important pulse nonlinear dynamic evolution processes of CuCrO₂ nanocrystals as new SAs applied in ultrafast fiber lasers has never been explored. Herein, we demonstrate the excellent nonlinear optical properties of CuCrO₂ nanocrystals and investigate the potential of CuCrO₂ nanocrystals for generating various pulse nonlinear dynamic evolution processes. Firstly, the output characteristics of the passively Q-switching pulsed fiber lasers have been regulated by using CuCrO₂ nanocrystals-polyimide film and a tapered fiber. The pulse duration and repetition rate were simultaneously compressed by 10 and 222 times, the pulse energy and peak power were increased by 79 and 827 times, respectively. Secondly, we are able to generate chaotic multi-pulse wave packets and optical rogue waves by the polarization mode dispersion of single-mode fiber together with the non-instantaneous relaxation of CuCrO₂ nanocrystals. Finally, the transition from chaotic multi-pulse wave packet to giant chirped mode-locked pulse is realized by introducing high nonlinear fibers. Our results show that CuCrO₂ nanocrystals are an efficient nonlinear material for studying various nonlinear phenomena, and give a new impetus to the development of nonlinear optics and ultrafast photonics.

考虑到光纤激光器是一种更为丰富的非线性光学系统，系统地研究一种 SA 的各种脉冲非线性演化和动力学具有重要意义。然而，将 CuCrO2 纳米晶体作为新的 SA 应用于超快光纤激光器，对其重要的脉冲非线性动态演化过程的研究还从未有过。在此，我们展示了纳米 CuCrO2 晶体的优异非线性光学特性，并研究了纳米 CuCrO2 晶体产生各种脉冲非线性动态演化过程的潜力。首先，利用 CuCrO2 纳米晶-聚酰亚胺薄膜和锥形光纤调节了被动 Q 开关脉冲光纤激光器的输出特性。脉冲持续时间和重复率同时压缩了 10 倍和 222 倍，脉冲能量和峰值功率分别提高了 79 倍和 827 倍。其次，通过单模光纤的偏振模色散和 CuCrO2 纳米晶体的非瞬时弛豫，我们能够产生混沌多脉冲波包和光流氓波。最后，通过引入高非线性光纤，实现了从混沌多脉冲波包到巨型啁啾锁模脉冲的过渡。我们的研究结果表明，CuCrO2 纳米晶体是研究各种非线性现象的高效非线性材料，为非线性光学和超快光子学的发展提供了新的动力。

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引用次数: 0

Mixed (NH4)2Mn0.47Cu0.53(SO4)2(H2O)6 Tutton salt: A novel optical material for solar-blind technology 混合 (NH4)2Mn0.47Cu0.53(SO4)2(H2O)6 塔顿盐：用于日光盲技术的新型光学材料

IF 3.8 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116400

João G. de Oliveira Neto , Jacivan V. Marques , José G. da Silva Filho , Eduardo Antonelli , Alejandro P. Ayala , Adenilson O. dos Santos , Rossano Lang

In this paper, a novel mixed Tutton salt (NH₄)₂Mn₀_.₄₇Cu₀_.₅₃(SO₄)₂(H₂O)₆ obtained in single crystal form is described. Their structural, thermal, electrical, and spectroscopic properties have been examined, and their possible uses are discussed. The salt crystallizes in a monoclinic symmetry (P2₁/c) and exhibits thermal stability between 300 and 333 K. Above this temperature, the crystal undergoes phase changes associated with dehydration and crystallization processes. 231 optical phonons distributed between 50 and 4000 cm⁻¹, calculated through density functional perturbation theory, were used to accurately assign vibrational modes in experimental FT-IR and Raman spectra. Additional computational studies using Hirshfeld surfaces have revealed that H⋯O/O⋯H and H⋯H intermolecular contacts are crucial interactions for stabilizing the crystal lattice. Electrical characteristics (resistivity = 1160 MΩ cm; capacitance = 3.6 pF) and optical data (bandgap = 4.27 eV) depict a typical behavior of nonpolar dielectric materials. UV-Vis-NIR transmittance spectrum has shown deep light blocking in the UV-C and Vis/NIR spectral regions and high transmittance levels (reaching 98.5 %) in the UV-B/-A/Vis range. The photoresponse findings point out that (NH₄)₂Mn₀_.₄₇Cu₀_.₅₃(SO₄)₂(H₂O)₆ is a promising light-absorbing material for solar-blind photodetection devices operating in the 200–280 nm interval. The crystal as a bandpass filter (280–615 nm) or a cut-off filter (615–1000 nm) are also excellent prospects for application.

本文描述了以单晶形式获得的新型混合塔顿盐 (NH4)2Mn0.47Cu0.53(SO4)2(H2O)6。对其结构、热学、电学和光谱特性进行了研究，并讨论了其可能的用途。这种盐以单斜对称（P21/c）结晶，在 300 至 333 K 之间表现出热稳定性。通过密度泛函扰动理论计算出的分布在 50 至 4000 cm-1 之间的 231 个光学声子被用来精确分配实验傅立叶变换红外光谱和拉曼光谱中的振动模式。利用 Hirshfeld 表面进行的其他计算研究表明，H⋯O/O⋯H 和 H⋯H 分子间接触是稳定晶格的关键相互作用。电学特性（电阻率 = 1160 MΩ cm；电容 = 3.6 pF）和光学数据（带隙 = 4.27 eV）描述了非极性介电材料的典型行为。紫外-可见-近红外透射光谱显示，UV-C 和可见/近红外光谱区域有深度光阻隔，而在 UV-B/-A/Vis 范围内则有很高的透射率（达到 98.5%）。光响应研究结果表明，(NH4)2Mn0.47Cu0.53(SO4)2(H2O)6 是一种很有前途的光吸收材料，适用于工作在 200-280 纳米波段的日盲光检测设备。该晶体作为带通滤波器（280-615 nm）或截止滤波器（615-1000 nm）也有很好的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the optical properties of antimony oxide, Sb2O3 nanomaterials synthesized by spray pyrolysis 研究喷雾热解法合成的氧化锑 Sb2O3 纳米材料的光学特性

IF 3.8 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116405

Hamza Slimani , Agnes C. Nkele , Sawsan Dagher , Adil Alshoaibi , Noureddine Bessous , Boshra Akhozheya , Fabian I. Ezema

This research focuses on investigating the features of spray-pyrolyzed antimony oxide, Sb₂O₃ nanomaterials synthesized at molar concentrations of 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.3 M, 0.4 M, and 0.5 M. The structural, morphological, elemental, optical, vibration modes, and electrical properties of the films were studied using the respective characterization equipment. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) plots showed a cubic crystal structure with stretchy-like morphology. The elements making up the deposited samples were investigated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectra. The samples recorded high absorbance features and optical conductivity values that increased at increasing molar concentrations. As the concentration increased, the band gap energies increased from 4.02 eV to 4.09 eV. The Urbach energies also showed slight increase in values from 3.93 eV to 3.97 eV with concentration. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed the vibration modes and bonds existing between the synthesized compounds. The electrical result revealed increasing film thicknesses with molar concentration. The results show the potential application of the synthesized antimony oxide films in solar cell devices and optical materials.

本研究重点研究了摩尔浓度分别为 0.1 M、0.2 M、0.3 M、0.4 M 和 0.5 M 时合成的喷雾热解氧化锑（Sb2O3）纳米材料的特性，并使用相应的表征设备研究了薄膜的结构、形态、元素、光学、振动模式和电学特性。X 射线衍射（XRD）图显示了立方晶体结构和拉伸状形态。利用能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDX）对沉积样品中的元素进行了研究。样品记录了高吸光特征和光导率值，并且随着摩尔浓度的增加而增加。随着浓度的增加，带隙能从 4.02 eV 增加到 4.09 eV。随着浓度的增加，厄巴赫能量也从 3.93 eV 微升至 3.97 eV。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）显示了合成化合物之间存在的振动模式和化学键。电学结果显示，薄膜厚度随摩尔浓度的增加而增加。这些结果表明，合成的氧化锑薄膜具有在太阳能电池设备和光学材料中应用的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of Fe thickness effect on the absorption behavior of ZnO/Fe/ZnO tri-layers thin films 研究铁厚度对氧化锌/铁/氧化锌三层薄膜吸收行为的影响

IF 3.8 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116403

S.S. Fouad , E. Baradács , M. Nabil , G. Katona , G. Vecsei , Z. Erdélyi

In this paper the methodological framework of the spectrophotometric determination of optical properties in a sandwich ZnO/Fe/ZnO thin films, for various Fe interlayer thickness (20, 40, 60 and −80 nm), were analyzed and discussed, based on the absorption measurements. The thin films were produced using (ALD) and Dc magnetron sputtering techniques. The X-ray reflectivity (XRR), Energy-dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis is applied along with the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), were used to determine the thickness and roughness for multilayer stacks on the structural characterization and the quantity of elements on the surface, while the optical absorption, was applied to investigate the effect of the variation of Fe interlayer thickness on surface morphology and optical properties of ZnO/Fe/ZnO thin films. Furthermore, the calculated width of the tail of localized states (E_U) experienced a significant increase with the increase of Fe interlayer thickness. The Fe interlayer with 20 nm have maximum values of the electron -phonon interaction (Ee_-p) while the maximum value of the steepness parameter (σ) has occurred in thin films with 80 nm for Fe interlayer thickness. Moreover, the increase of the Fe thickness in the ZnO/Fe/ZnO thin films leads to a decrease in the value of the skin depth (δ), that causes a rise in the charge carrier indicating their influence on the Urbach energy. The above results demonstrates that the ALD is a great technique that introduce a highly efficient and uniform ZnO/Fe/ZnO thin films, that shows remarkable changes in structural and optical properties. Furthermore, incorporation of Fe with different thicknesses on the ZnO thin films indicating their positive influence on the structural and optical properties. This suggests high potential application to be applied in devices fabrication and solar cells.

本文以吸收测量为基础，分析并讨论了用分光光度法测定不同层间铁厚度（20、40、60 和 -80 nm）夹层 ZnO/Fe/ZnO 薄膜光学特性的方法框架。这些薄膜是利用（ALD）和直流磁控溅射技术生产的。利用 X 射线反射率 (XRR)、能量色散 X 射线 (EDX) 分析和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 来确定多层堆叠的厚度和粗糙度，以确定其结构特征和表面元素的数量，而光学吸收则用于研究铁层间厚度的变化对 ZnO/Fe/ZnO 薄膜表面形貌和光学特性的影响。此外，随着铁中间膜厚度的增加，计算得到的局域态尾部宽度（EU）也显著增加。20 nm 的铁夹层具有最大的电子-声子相互作用（Ee-p）值，而陡度参数（σ）的最大值出现在铁夹层厚度为 80 nm 的薄膜中。此外，ZnO/Fe/ZnO 薄膜中铁厚度的增加会导致表皮深度（δ）值的降低，从而导致电荷载流子的上升，这表明它们对乌巴赫能的影响。上述结果表明，ALD 是一种伟大的技术，它能带来高效、均匀的 ZnO/Fe/ZnO 薄膜，并在结构和光学特性方面显示出显著的变化。此外，在 ZnO 薄膜中加入不同厚度的铁，对其结构和光学特性也有积极影响。这表明这种薄膜在设备制造和太阳能电池方面具有很大的应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Solvent-based dual detection of Hg2+ and Cr3+ ions by polyvinylpyrrolidone stabilized silver nanoparticles as colorimetric sensor 用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮稳定银纳米粒子作为比色传感器，基于溶剂对 Hg2+ 和 Cr3+ 离子进行双重检测

IF 3.8 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116330

A. Koushalya, K. Anitha

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized silver nanoparticles (PVP–Ag) are utilized for the detection of Hg²⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions by varying the diluting solvents, which alters the material's local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption band, forming yellow and colorless nanoparticles. Yellow PVP-Ag nanoparticles exhibit an absorption peak at 410 nm. This probe interacts with the Hg²⁺ ions, as a result, the intensity of the absorption peak drops, and the color changes noticeably from yellow to colorless. The colorless transparent PVP-Ag exhibits no absorption peak; however, adding Cr³⁺ ions causes a peak at 440 nm, thus producing a yellow color after the interaction. The TEM, DLS, and FTIR results show the interaction of materials with Hg²⁺ and Cr³⁺, which results in the change of inter-particle distance, leading to the detection of Hg²⁺ and Cr³⁺. The limits of detection (LOD) for Hg²⁺ and Cr³⁺ were determined to be 2.2 nM and 50.9 nM, respectively.

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）稳定银纳米粒子（PVP-Ag）可用于检测 Hg2+ 和 Cr3+ 离子，通过改变稀释溶剂，改变材料的局部表面等离子体共振（LSPR）吸收带，形成黄色和无色纳米粒子。黄色 PVP-Ag 纳米粒子在 410 纳米波长处出现吸收峰。该探针与 Hg2+ 离子相互作用后，吸收峰的强度下降，颜色也明显从黄色变为无色。无色透明的 PVP-Ag 没有吸收峰，但加入 Cr3+ 离子后会在 440 纳米波长处出现吸收峰，因此在相互作用后会产生黄色。TEM、DLS 和傅立叶变换红外光谱结果表明，材料与 Hg2+ 和 Cr3+ 相互作用后，粒子间的距离发生了变化，从而导致 Hg2+ 和 Cr3+ 的检测。Hg2+ 和 Cr3+ 的检测限（LOD）分别为 2.2 nM 和 50.9 nM。

引用次数: 0

Piezo-optical properties and infrared spectra of Rb2SO4 crystals Rb2SO4 晶体的压光特性和红外光谱

IF 3.8 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116320

Vasyl Stadnyk , Bohdan Andriyevsky , Ivan Pryshko , Leszek Bychto , Zenoviy Kohut , Ulrich Schade , Alexander Veber , Ljiljana Puskar , Ruslan Brezvin

The paper deals with the dispersion dependences of birefringence Δn_i(λ) of the mechanically free and uniaxially clamped Rb₂SO₄ crystal along different crystal-physical axes at room temperature. It was found that the crystal has an insignificant normal dispersion d(Δn_x)/dλ χ ≤ 0, and uniaxial compressions σ_m do not change the character, but only the slope of the dependences Δn_i(λ). Uniaxial loads shift the position of the optical isotropic point both in the short-wavelength (σ_z) and in the long-wavelength part of the spectrum (σ_y). The spectral dependences of the combined piezo-optical coefficients

π_{k m}^{o} (λ)

were calculated and it was found that they have an insignificant dispersion dependence, and the absolute values of the piezo-optical coefficients

π_{31}^{o}

and

π_{21}^{o}

are equal to each other in the vicinity of the optical isotropic point at the light wavelength λ = 490 nm. The reflection spectra of Rb₂SO₄ crystals were measured in the infrared range at room temperature using FT-IR spectrometer and synchrotron radiation and the corresponding ab initio calculations of the phonon partial density of states and the dielectric function were performed.

本文研究了室温下机械自由和单轴夹持的 Rb2SO4 晶体沿不同晶体物理轴的双折射 Δni(λ)的色散相关性。研究发现，晶体具有不明显的法向色散 d(Δnx)/dλ χ ≤0，单轴压缩 σm 不会改变其特性，只会改变Δni(λ) 的斜率。单轴载荷会移动光学各向同性点在短波长（σz）和光谱长波长部分（σy）的位置。计算了综合压光系数 πkmo(λ)的光谱依赖性，发现它们具有不明显的色散依赖性，并且在光波长 λ = 490 nm 的光学各向同性点附近，压光系数 π31o 和 π21o 的绝对值彼此相等。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和同步辐射在室温下测量了 Rb2SO4 晶体在红外范围的反射光谱，并对声子部分态密度和介电函数进行了相应的 ab initio 计算。

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引用次数: 0

Inducing Multicolour emission in MEH-PPV/TiO2 nanocomposites 在 MEH-PPV/TiO2 纳米复合材料中诱导多色发射

IF 3.8 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116321

Stephen Jose, Selvi Krishnan, Bhuvana K. Periyasamy, R. Joseph Bensingh

Fluorescence-based polymers have a wide variety of applications such as light-emitting diodes, optoelectronics, and biosensors. The present study endeavors towards the effect of TiO₂ nanoparticles (calcined at various temperature) on the emission of Poly [2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1, 4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and to induce multicolour emission. The TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesized by sol-gel method were calcined at 400 °C and 600 °C. In situ polymerization was adopted to synthesize MEH-PPV/TiO₂ nanocomposites and the structural characteristics of the nanocomposites were studied using Fourier transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The photo-physical characteristics of the nanocomposites were investigated using UV–Visible spectroscopy, Photoluminescence spectroscopy, and Fluorescence microscopy. TiO₂ nanoparticles calcined at 400 °C demonstrates anatase phase, whereas the particles calcined at 700 °C exhibits mixed phase of rutile and anatase. The study reveal that calcination temperature has a strong impact on the morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles. The photoluminescence spectra reveal that the incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles enhances the red orange emission intensity of MEH-PPV, additionally exhibits emission at multiple wavelengths. Fluorescence microscopy evidences multiple colour emission from MEH-PPV/TiO₂ nanocomposites. The multiple emission in the polymer nanocomposite is arised from the oxygen vacancies present in anatase and rutile phases of TiO₂ nanoparticle.

基于荧光的聚合物应用广泛，如发光二极管、光电子学和生物传感器。本研究致力于探讨 TiO2 纳米粒子（在不同温度下煅烧）对聚[2-甲氧基-5-（2-乙基己氧基）-1, 4-苯基乙烯]（MEH-PPV）发射的影响，并诱导多色发射。采用溶胶-凝胶法合成的 TiO2 纳米粒子分别在 400 °C 和 600 °C 煅烧。采用原位聚合法合成了 MEH-PPV/TiO2 纳米复合材料，并利用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散光谱（EDS）研究了纳米复合材料的结构特征。使用紫外可见光谱、光致发光光谱和荧光显微镜研究了纳米复合材料的光物理特性。在 400 °C 煅烧的二氧化钛纳米颗粒呈现锐钛矿相，而在 700 °C 煅烧的颗粒呈现金红石和锐钛矿的混合相。研究表明，煅烧温度对合成纳米粒子的形态有很大影响。光致发光光谱显示，TiO2 纳米粒子的加入增强了 MEH-PPV 的红橙色发射强度，并在多个波长上发射。荧光显微镜显示 MEH-PPV/TiO2 纳米复合材料发出多种颜色的光。聚合物纳米复合材料中的多重发射源于二氧化钛纳米粒子锐钛矿相和金红石相中存在的氧空位。

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引用次数: 0

Improving the photoswitching performance of a transistor with amorphous metal oxide semiconductor thin film by a gradient annealing approach 用梯度退火法提高非晶态金属氧化物半导体薄膜晶体管的光开关性能

IF 3.8 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116305

Gergely Tarsoly , Jae-Yun Lee , Sung-Jin Kim

Metal oxides are attracting attention as electronic mate rials in research and industry. Thin films of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) exhibit low absorbance in the visible spectrum, making them ideal components in transparent electronics. To widen the scope of use for thin film transistor (TFT) devices based on a-IGZO in on-chip sensing applications, photoresponsive behavior has been achieved by proper engineering of the active layers by either introducing a photosensitive top layer or using a method to generate localized states inside the band gap. In this paper, we propose a bilayer structured with the use of thermal annealing of a-IGZO film at different temperatures. Thermal annealing has been shown to improve the electrical performance of the TFT devices because of the improved film quality but negatively affects the photoresponsivity by removing tarp sites that play an important role in both charge generation and photomultiplication via the photogating effect. Therefore, here we propose an a-IGZO film with a high temperature-annealed bottom layer and pristine top layer. The bottom layer plays a vital role in the charge transport behavior, resulting in a low threshold voltage and subthreshold swing similar to the device with a fully annealed film, while the photoresponse of the device is driven by the higher density of gap states in the pristine top layer. This proposed method is advantageous to previously published procedures due to the simplicity of using no additional materials and complex steps to introduce trap sites into the photoactive layer, but only differential annealing temperature.

金属氧化物作为电子元件在科研和工业领域备受关注。非晶铟镓锌氧化物（a-IGZO）薄膜在可见光谱中的吸光率很低，是透明电子器件的理想元件。为了拓宽基于 a-IGZO 的薄膜晶体管 (TFT) 器件在片上传感应用中的使用范围，我们通过引入光敏顶层或使用在带隙内产生局部态的方法对有源层进行适当的工程设计，从而实现了光致发光行为。在本文中，我们提出了一种在不同温度下对 a-IGZO 薄膜进行热退火的双层结构。事实证明，热退火可以提高薄膜质量，从而改善 TFT 器件的电气性能，但会对光发射率产生负面影响，因为热退火会去除在电荷生成和光放大中通过光ogating 效应发挥重要作用的 tarp 位点。因此，我们提出了一种具有高温退火底层和原始表层的 a-IGZO 薄膜。底层在电荷传输行为中起着至关重要的作用，因此阈值电压和阈下摆动较低，与完全退火薄膜的器件相似，而器件的光响应则由原始顶层中更高密度的间隙态驱动。由于无需使用额外材料和复杂步骤在光活性层中引入陷阱位点，而只需不同的退火温度，因此与之前公布的程序相比，所提出的方法更具优势。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Urea and Thiourea on the color emission of (YxBi1-x)2Zr2O7:Er3+,Yb3+ upconversion phosphors 尿素和硫脲对 (YxBi1-x)2Zr2O7:Er3+,Yb3+上转换荧光粉颜色发射的影响

IF 3.8 3区材料科学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Optical Materials

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2024.116307

M. Rosales , J. Oliva , H. Desirena , P. Salas

This study reports the upconversion emission properties of Bi₂Zr₂O₇:Er,Yb (BiZr), Y₂Zr₂O₇:Er,Yb (YZr) and (Y_0.25Bi_0.75)₂Zr₂O₇:Er,Yb (Y_0.25Bi_0.75Zr) phosphors. All those samples were synthesized with fixed Er and Yb concentrations of 2 and 20 mol%, respectively. The analysis by X-ray diffraction revealed that the YZr sample had cubic phase, the BiZr sample had a mixture of monoclinic/cubic phases and the Y_0.25Bi_0.75Zr sample had a mixture of all the phases mentioned above. In addition, the analysis by electron microscopy indicated that all the samples are formed by mixtures of particles with irregular and quasi-spherical shapes. The YZr, BiZr and Y_0.25Bi_0.75Zr samples were synthesized using urea or thiourea as fuel and an annealing temperature of 775 or 850 °C. For any fuel, the samples produced green (525 and 548 nm) and red (655 nm) emissions by upconversion after exciting them with 975 nm. Interestingly, the Y_0.25Bi_0.75Zr sample always presented the most intense emission for any fuel or temperature of synthesis. Interestingly, the Y_0.25Bi_0.75Zr sample made with thiourea had a green emission intensity 49 % higher than that made with urea, but the red emission intensity was 25 % lower in the sample made with thiourea. Color emission tuning was observed in the samples under certain conditions: 1) the color emission for the BiZr sample (made with urea) was changed from yellow to orange-red after increasing the annealing temperature from 775 or 850 °C and 2) the YZr sample (annealed at 775 °C) changed its color emission from green to red after using thiourea instead of urea. Surprisingly, the Y_0.25Bi_0.75Zr sample always maintained its green emission despite the change of fuel or annealing temperature. In general, the results of this research demonstrate that different fuels or synthesis temperatures can be used to enhance the upconversion emission or to tune the emission color. This avoids the use of high concentrations of rare earths to produce any of these effects as previously reported in the literature.

本研究报告了 Bi2Zr2O7:Er,Yb (BiZr)、Y2Zr2O7:Er,Yb (YZr) 和 (Y0.25Bi0.75)2Zr2O7:Er,Yb (Y0.25Bi0.75Zr) 荧光粉的上转换发射特性。所有这些样品都是在 Er 和 Yb 浓度分别为 2 摩尔%和 20 摩尔%的条件下合成的。X 射线衍射分析表明，YZr 样品具有立方相，BiZr 样品具有单斜/立方相混合相，而 Y0.25Bi0.75Zr 样品则具有上述所有相的混合相。此外，电子显微镜分析表明，所有样品都是由形状不规则和准球形的颗粒混合形成的。合成 YZr、BiZr 和 Y0.25Bi0.75Zr 样品时使用了尿素或硫脲作为燃料，退火温度为 775 或 850 ℃。对于任何一种燃料，样品在受到 975 纳米波长的激发后，都会通过上转换产生绿色（525 和 548 纳米）和红色（655 纳米）发射。有趣的是，无论在任何燃料或合成温度下，Y0.25Bi0.75Zr 样品都能发出最强烈的辐射。有趣的是，用硫脲制成的 Y0.25Bi0.75Zr 样品的绿色发射强度比用尿素制成的样品高 49%，但用硫脲制成的样品的红色发射强度则低 25%。在某些条件下，可以观察到样品的颜色发射调谐：1）将退火温度从 775 或 850 ℃升高后，BiZr 样品（用尿素制成）的颜色发射从黄色变为橙红色；2）用硫脲代替尿素后，YZr 样品（退火温度为 775 ℃）的颜色发射从绿色变为红色。令人惊讶的是，尽管燃料或退火温度发生了变化，但 Y0.25Bi0.75Zr 样品始终保持绿色发射。总的来说，这项研究结果表明，可以利用不同的燃料或合成温度来增强上转换发射或调整发射颜色。这避免了以往文献中报道的使用高浓度稀土产生上述效果的情况。

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