Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116800
M. Gokulnaath , Sivalingam Muthu Mariappan , M. Navaneethan , J. Archana
Photoanodes with high carrier mobility and suitable band energy level plays a seminal role in the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. Since the conventional TiO2 experience severe carrier recombination, we demonstrate BaSnO3 (BSO) as photoanode with considerable performance through aliovalent co-doping strategy. Indeed, substituting 3 % Y3+ and Sr2+ in Sn4+ and Ba2+ sites respectively increase the strain, as evident from XRD and Raman spectral analysis. Consequently, the phonon line-width of 3 % co-doped BSO has drastically decreased, indicating the minimum electron-phonon coupling. This facilitates the easy carrier hopping of the self-trapped carriers involved in the bipolarons of BSO, resulting in improved carrier mobility. Further, XPS reveals co-dopants substitution without disturbing the BSO lattice. In essential, the co-doping strategy helps to achieve a photo-conversion efficiency of 3.66 %, which is almost 300 % higher than previously reported value for the bare BSO. To our best knowledge, it is one of the earlier works which focus to minimize the carrier-phonon interactions in BSO for improved DSSC performance.
{"title":"Enhanced bi-polaron hopping in Y3+ and Sr2+ co-doped BaSnO3 for improved photoanode performance in dye sensitized solar cells","authors":"M. Gokulnaath , Sivalingam Muthu Mariappan , M. Navaneethan , J. Archana","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photoanodes with high carrier mobility and suitable band energy level plays a seminal role in the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells. Since the conventional TiO<sub>2</sub> experience severe carrier recombination, we demonstrate BaSnO<sub>3</sub> (BSO) as photoanode with considerable performance through aliovalent co-doping strategy. Indeed, substituting 3 % Y<sup>3+</sup> and Sr<sup>2+</sup> in Sn<sup>4+</sup> and Ba<sup>2+</sup> sites respectively increase the strain, as evident from XRD and Raman spectral analysis. Consequently, the phonon line-width of 3 % co-doped BSO has drastically decreased, indicating the minimum electron-phonon coupling. This facilitates the easy carrier hopping of the self-trapped carriers involved in the bipolarons of BSO, resulting in improved carrier mobility. Further, XPS reveals co-dopants substitution without disturbing the BSO lattice. In essential, the co-doping strategy helps to achieve a photo-conversion efficiency of 3.66 %, which is almost 300 % higher than previously reported value for the bare BSO. To our best knowledge, it is one of the earlier works which focus to minimize the carrier-phonon interactions in BSO for improved DSSC performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 116800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116797
A.M. Srivastava , W.W. Beers , M.G. Brik , A. Suchocki , D. Włodarczyk , C.-G. Ma , M.S. Kurboniyon , W.E. Cohen
In this work, we report on the spectroscopic properties of Mn4+ in the fluoride host, K2GeF6. The Mn4+ luminescence intensity and lifetime are measured as a function of temperature. From the data, we have determined the onset temperature and activation energy for thermal quenching of luminescence. The optical properties and thermal quenching behavior of Mn4+ in K2GeF6 are compared with those reported for commercial Na2SiF6:Mn4+ and K2SiF6:Mn4+ (TriGain®) phosphors. This comparative study sheds light on the mechanism of thermal quenching of the Mn4+ ion luminescence in the A2XF6 (A = K, Na; X = Si, Ge) family of materials. We provide evidence that the activation energy and the onset temperature of thermal quenching for the 2E→ 4T2→ 4A2 crossover process is correlated with the energy of the 4T2 level and argue that this is a robust electronic structure-property relationship in host fluorides with low defect density. The K2GeF6 is reported to undergo structural phase transitions in the temperature ranges of 220–240 K and 150–170 K. We have probed the phase transitions by temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy. The evidence for structural phase transition in our Raman experiments is lacking.
{"title":"The luminescence of Mn4+ in K2GeF6","authors":"A.M. Srivastava , W.W. Beers , M.G. Brik , A. Suchocki , D. Włodarczyk , C.-G. Ma , M.S. Kurboniyon , W.E. Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we report on the spectroscopic properties of Mn<sup>4+</sup> in the fluoride host, K<sub>2</sub>GeF<sub>6</sub>. The Mn<sup>4+</sup> luminescence intensity and lifetime are measured as a function of temperature. From the data, we have determined the onset temperature and activation energy for thermal quenching of luminescence. The optical properties and thermal quenching behavior of Mn<sup>4+</sup> in K<sub>2</sub>GeF<sub>6</sub> are compared with those reported for commercial Na<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup> and K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup> (TriGain®) phosphors. This comparative study sheds light on the mechanism of thermal quenching of the Mn<sup>4+</sup> ion luminescence in the A<sub>2</sub>XF<sub>6</sub> (A = K, Na; X = Si, Ge) family of materials. We provide evidence that the activation energy and the onset temperature of thermal quenching for the <sup>2</sup>E→ <sup>4</sup>T<sub>2</sub>→ <sup>4</sup>A<sub>2</sub> crossover process is correlated with the energy of the <sup>4</sup>T<sub>2</sub> level and argue that this is a robust electronic structure-property relationship in host fluorides with low defect density. The K<sub>2</sub>GeF<sub>6</sub> is reported to undergo structural phase transitions in the temperature ranges of 220–240 K and 150–170 K. We have probed the phase transitions by temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy. The evidence for structural phase transition in our Raman experiments is lacking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 116797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116795
Pedro Henrique Dondori Zaramella , Bruno S. Zanatta , Maurício Foschini , Erick Piovesan , Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr. , Alexandre Marletta
Microfabrication with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been exploited in developing photonic microstructures, offering a unique combination of properties toward advanced photonic devices. We report here a method for one-dimensional control to produce patterns ranging from the micrometer to nanometer scale using PDMS molds. These patterns were created from a commercial CCD array of 4 M pixels through a one-dimensional mechanical process that reduces the distances between microstructures transferred to the elastomer using the micro contact printing (μC) method. The entire process of replicating and compressing structures was analyzed using atomic force microscopy. Compression and replication of the molds resulted in a reduction of the width at half maximum of the microstructure from 1.577 μm to 0.478 μm in one dimension. Diffraction grating effects were observed in the UV–Vis region (300–650 nm) confirming the efficiency of the one-dimensional mechanical compression method. These findings confirm the suitability of this new methodology for creating nanochannels in PDMS molds using the μC technique. The approach can be applied to fabricate optoelectronic devices, for example, by shifting diffraction effects to the UV electromagnetic spectrum.
{"title":"A novel approach for nanometer-scale patterning in PDMS: Utilizing micro contact printing for advanced photonic devices","authors":"Pedro Henrique Dondori Zaramella , Bruno S. Zanatta , Maurício Foschini , Erick Piovesan , Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr. , Alexandre Marletta","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microfabrication with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has been exploited in developing photonic microstructures, offering a unique combination of properties toward advanced photonic devices. We report here a method for one-dimensional control to produce patterns ranging from the micrometer to nanometer scale using PDMS molds. These patterns were created from a commercial CCD array of 4 M pixels through a one-dimensional mechanical process that reduces the distances between microstructures transferred to the elastomer using the micro contact printing (μC) method. The entire process of replicating and compressing structures was analyzed using atomic force microscopy. Compression and replication of the molds resulted in a reduction of the width at half maximum of the microstructure from 1.577 μm to 0.478 μm in one dimension. Diffraction grating effects were observed in the UV–Vis region (300–650 nm) confirming the efficiency of the one-dimensional mechanical compression method. These findings confirm the suitability of this new methodology for creating nanochannels in PDMS molds using the μC technique. The approach can be applied to fabricate optoelectronic devices, for example, by shifting diffraction effects to the UV electromagnetic spectrum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 116795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116788
Siyi Yu, Xinyu Gong, Renfeng Xiang, Keke Han, Na Li, Kuo Gao, Pengcheng Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Fengfeng Li, Guiqin Hou
This study has prepared SrZn2(PO4)2:Mn2+ long afterglow luminescent materials using the high temperature solid phase method and analyzed the effects of different concentrations and calcination temperatures on the afterglow properties in the materials. The luminescence structure and properties were systematically investigated by XRD, SEM and excitation-emission spectroscopy, and the luminescence mechanism of the material was discussed. The measured values indicate that the calcination temperature has a strong influence on the luminescence color of the material. At a calcination temperature of 900 °C, the material exhibits a red luminescence, while when the calcination temperature is 600 °C, the material exhibits a blue-green luminescence. Finally, its application in dynamic anti-counterfeiting technology is analyzed. Using the multi-color afterglow luminescence characteristics of the material under different excitation wavelengths, and the different decay rates between colors, the anti-counterfeiting pattern with dynamic change characteristics is designed, which greatly improves the security of anti-counterfeiting.
{"title":"Luminescence characteristics of SrZn2(PO4)2:Mn2+ and its anti-counterfeiting application","authors":"Siyi Yu, Xinyu Gong, Renfeng Xiang, Keke Han, Na Li, Kuo Gao, Pengcheng Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhang, Fengfeng Li, Guiqin Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study has prepared SrZn<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>:Mn<sup>2+</sup> long afterglow luminescent materials using the high temperature solid phase method and analyzed the effects of different concentrations and calcination temperatures on the afterglow properties in the materials. The luminescence structure and properties were systematically investigated by XRD, SEM and excitation-emission spectroscopy, and the luminescence mechanism of the material was discussed. The measured values indicate that the calcination temperature has a strong influence on the luminescence color of the material. At a calcination temperature of 900 °C, the material exhibits a red luminescence, while when the calcination temperature is 600 °C, the material exhibits a blue-green luminescence. Finally, its application in dynamic anti-counterfeiting technology is analyzed. Using the multi-color afterglow luminescence characteristics of the material under different excitation wavelengths, and the different decay rates between colors, the anti-counterfeiting pattern with dynamic change characteristics is designed, which greatly improves the security of anti-counterfeiting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 116788"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Near-infrared (NIR) phosphor is an attractive photoluminescent material, but the emission bandwidth of NIR phosphor is limited and the search for high-performance phosphor materials is still an urgent problem to be solved. In this work, the Ni2+-dopped A2MgTiO6 (A = La/Lu) phosphors were successfully synthesized for the first time by high-temperature solid-phase method. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM) image confirmed the successful preparation of A2MgTiO6 (A = La/Lu): Ni2+ phosphors. Upon excitation at 408 nm, the A2MgTiO6 (A = La/Lu): Ni2+ phosphors exhibit broadband NIR emission from 1200 to 1600 nm with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of approximately 200 nm, originating from the 3T2(3F) → 3A2(3F) electron transition of Ni2+ ions. In addition, by comparing the luminescence characteristics and thermal activation energies of the La2MgTiO6: 1%Ni2+ and Lu2MgTiO6: 1%Ni2+ phosphors, it was found that the thermal stability of Lu2MgTiO6: 1%Ni2+ (80 %@425 K) is better than that of La2MgTiO6: 1%Ni2+ (33 %@425 K). Moreover, the transmission spectra of Lu2MgTiO6: 1%Ni2+ phosphor through ethanol and oil have been measured, indicating that Lu2MgTiO6: 1%Ni2+ phosphor has promising application in spectral analysis field.
{"title":"Photoluminescence properties of Ni2+-doped double perovskite A2MgTiO6 (A = La/Lu) phosphor with NIR-II emission for spectral analysis application","authors":"Xiaobin Wei , Shuai Huang , Zheng Xu , Yining Wang , Xiaole Xing , Mengmeng Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-infrared (NIR) phosphor is an attractive photoluminescent material, but the emission bandwidth of NIR phosphor is limited and the search for high-performance phosphor materials is still an urgent problem to be solved. In this work, the Ni<sup>2+</sup>-dopped A<sub>2</sub>MgTiO<sub>6</sub> (A = La/Lu) phosphors were successfully synthesized for the first time by high-temperature solid-phase method. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope (SEM) image confirmed the successful preparation of A<sub>2</sub>MgTiO<sub>6</sub> (A = La/Lu): Ni<sup>2+</sup> phosphors. Upon excitation at 408 nm, the A<sub>2</sub>MgTiO<sub>6</sub> (A = La/Lu): Ni<sup>2+</sup> phosphors exhibit broadband NIR emission from 1200 to 1600 nm with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of approximately 200 nm, originating from the <sup>3</sup>T<sub>2</sub>(<sup>3</sup>F) → <sup>3</sup>A<sub>2</sub>(<sup>3</sup>F) electron transition of Ni<sup>2+</sup> ions. In addition, by comparing the luminescence characteristics and thermal activation energies of the La<sub>2</sub>MgTiO<sub>6</sub>: 1%Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Lu<sub>2</sub>MgTiO<sub>6</sub>: 1%Ni<sup>2+</sup> phosphors, it was found that the thermal stability of Lu<sub>2</sub>MgTiO<sub>6</sub>: 1%Ni<sup>2+</sup> (80 %@425 K) is better than that of La<sub>2</sub>MgTiO<sub>6</sub>: 1%Ni<sup>2+</sup> (33 %@425 K). Moreover, the transmission spectra of Lu<sub>2</sub>MgTiO<sub>6</sub>: 1%Ni<sup>2+</sup> phosphor through ethanol and oil have been measured, indicating that Lu<sub>2</sub>MgTiO<sub>6</sub>: 1%Ni<sup>2+</sup> phosphor has promising application in spectral analysis field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116793
Chen-Yang Qi , Dan Zhao , Rui-Juan Zhang , Qing-Xia Yao
Mn4+ has garnered significant global interest due to its application in red light emission, particularly within the realm of plant growth lighting. However, there are relatively few studies focusing on the incorporation of Mn4+ into titanate materials. In this research, we synthesized a series of Ba₆Y₂Ti4-xO₁₇ (BYT:xMn⁴⁺) phosphors with varying concentrations of Mn4+ using a high-temperature solid-state synthesis method. Initially, we confirmed the structural integrity and phase purity of the samples through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and refinement techniques. The experimental results indicate that under near-ultraviolet (UV) excitation, these phosphors emit far-red light at approximately 700 nm. Furthermore, their emission spectra align closely with the spectral requirements of chlorophyll and photoreceptive pigments (Pr and Pfr), which are essential for optimal plant growth. This characteristic makes them promising candidates for plant cultivation applications. Consequently, we posit that BYT:0.015Mn⁴⁺ represents a novel titanate-based far-red emitting material with considerable potential for use in LED lighting systems designed for plant growth particularly in enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and promoting overall plant development.
{"title":"Synthesis and luminescence characteristics of a new Mn4+-Activated Ba6Y2Ti4O17 fluorescent material for plant growth LED","authors":"Chen-Yang Qi , Dan Zhao , Rui-Juan Zhang , Qing-Xia Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mn<sup>4+</sup> has garnered significant global interest due to its application in red light emission, particularly within the realm of plant growth lighting. However, there are relatively few studies focusing on the incorporation of Mn<sup>4+</sup> into titanate materials. In this research, we synthesized a series of Ba₆Y₂Ti<sub>4-x</sub>O₁₇ (BYT:<em>x</em>Mn⁴⁺) phosphors with varying concentrations of Mn<sup>4+</sup> using a high-temperature solid-state synthesis method. Initially, we confirmed the structural integrity and phase purity of the samples through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and refinement techniques. The experimental results indicate that under near-ultraviolet (UV) excitation, these phosphors emit far-red light at approximately 700 nm. Furthermore, their emission spectra align closely with the spectral requirements of chlorophyll and photoreceptive pigments (P<sub>r</sub> and P<sub>fr</sub>), which are essential for optimal plant growth. This characteristic makes them promising candidates for plant cultivation applications. Consequently, we posit that BYT:0.015Mn⁴⁺ represents a novel titanate-based far-red emitting material with considerable potential for use in LED lighting systems designed for plant growth particularly in enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and promoting overall plant development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116773
Rong-Rong Gao , Chao-Hua Xue , Xiao-Jing Guo , Hui-Di Wang , Meng-Chen Huang , Chao-Qun Ma , Bing-Ying Liu , Shi-Qiang Lyu , Wen-Min Zhang , Fu-Quan Deng , Jun Cheng , Jing Li , Hong-Wei Wang
Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) presents new opportunities for sustainable carbon neutrality as a zero-energy, ecologically friendly cooling strategy. However, most PDRC materials were fabricated using solvents which endanger human health and environment. In this work, a solvent-free method was proposed to fabricate superhydrophobic porous PDRC film by simply curing mixture of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), SiO2 nanoparticles and NaCl into PDMS/SiO2/NaCl film, followed by desalting and roughening the surface of the film. The as-obtained PDMS/SiO2/NaCl film possesses a high solar reflectance of 98.2 % and a strong mid-infrared emissivity of 97.7 %, achieving cooling effect with an average temperature drop of 12.8 °C under direct sunlight. Moreover, the film is superhydrophobic with water contact angle of 158.3° and sliding angle of 4.7°, showing typical self-cleaning property. Importantly, the superhydrophobicity and optical properties changed little after UV irradiation, sandpaper abrasion, and stain-cleaning, which guarantee sustainable cooling performance for outdoor applications. The method is simple and does not involve any solvent, providing a green way for radiative cooling materials.
{"title":"Solvent-free fabrication of flexible and mechanically durable superhydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane-based film for sustainable daytime radiative cooling","authors":"Rong-Rong Gao , Chao-Hua Xue , Xiao-Jing Guo , Hui-Di Wang , Meng-Chen Huang , Chao-Qun Ma , Bing-Ying Liu , Shi-Qiang Lyu , Wen-Min Zhang , Fu-Quan Deng , Jun Cheng , Jing Li , Hong-Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) presents new opportunities for sustainable carbon neutrality as a zero-energy, ecologically friendly cooling strategy. However, most PDRC materials were fabricated using solvents which endanger human health and environment. In this work, a solvent-free method was proposed to fabricate superhydrophobic porous PDRC film by simply curing mixture of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and NaCl into PDMS/SiO<sub>2</sub>/NaCl film, followed by desalting and roughening the surface of the film. The as-obtained PDMS/SiO<sub>2</sub>/NaCl film possesses a high solar reflectance of 98.2 % and a strong mid-infrared emissivity of 97.7 %, achieving cooling effect with an average temperature drop of 12.8 °C under direct sunlight. Moreover, the film is superhydrophobic with water contact angle of 158.3° and sliding angle of 4.7°, showing typical self-cleaning property. Importantly, the superhydrophobicity and optical properties changed little after UV irradiation, sandpaper abrasion, and stain-cleaning, which guarantee sustainable cooling performance for outdoor applications. The method is simple and does not involve any solvent, providing a green way for radiative cooling materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116773"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116790
A. Sobhy , M. Salah , E.M. Abou Hussein
Calcium phospho-borated (CPB) glasses doped with SiO2 and MgO were synthesized using the melting-quenching method from Anodonta Rubens powder, a rich CaO source by ⁓ 94 % according to XRF analysis. HR-TEM analysis of Anodonta Rubens detected CaO and SiC nanoparticles with ∼45.7 and 80.5 nm sizes. XRD analysis confirmed the glasses' amorphous nature. FTIR spectra showed a combined vibration of borate and phosphate units linked to modifier ions, trigonal BO3 with P–O bonds, and tetrahedral BO4 with non-bridging PO₂ groups. FTIR spectra of Si-CPBG demonstrated more stability after gamma irradiation (50 kGy) than Mg-CPBG.
By irradiating the two samples up to 300 kGy, the color changed from colorless to brownish-purple, new peaks formed at 584 nm for Si-CPBG and 578 nm for Mg-CPBG according to UV–visible analysis. The optical band gap (Eopt) and density (ρ) gradually shrank with irradiation doses. EPR analysis revealed no pre-irradiation signals, but three signals appeared post-irradiation for both glass samples. Signal intensity increased up to 30 kGy for Mg-CPBG and 10 kGy for Si-CPBG.
The glass samples can be used as a label or dosimeter for high dose monitoring as they showed good optical stability in both light and dark. While there was a great fading in the EPR signal intensity over time that can be rectified by standardizing the time irradiation and measurements.
{"title":"Optical and EPR spectral analysis of silicon and Magnesium oxides doped Calcium phospho-borate glasses and their dosimetric features","authors":"A. Sobhy , M. Salah , E.M. Abou Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcium phospho-borated (CPB) glasses doped with SiO<sub>2</sub> and MgO were synthesized using the melting-quenching method from Anodonta Rubens powder, a rich CaO source by ⁓ 94 % according to XRF analysis. HR-TEM analysis of Anodonta Rubens detected CaO and SiC nanoparticles with ∼45.7 and 80.5 nm sizes. XRD analysis confirmed the glasses' amorphous nature. FTIR spectra showed a combined vibration of borate and phosphate units linked to modifier ions, trigonal BO<sub>3</sub> with P–O bonds, and tetrahedral BO<sub>4</sub> with non-bridging PO₂ groups. FTIR spectra of Si-CPBG demonstrated more stability after gamma irradiation (50 kGy) than Mg-CPBG.</div><div>By irradiating the two samples up to 300 kGy, the color changed from colorless to brownish-purple, new peaks formed at 584 nm for Si-CPBG and 578 nm for Mg-CPBG according to UV–visible analysis. The optical band gap (Eopt) and density <strong>(</strong>ρ<strong>)</strong> gradually shrank with irradiation doses. EPR analysis revealed no pre-irradiation signals, but three signals appeared post-irradiation for both glass samples. Signal intensity increased up to 30 kGy for Mg-CPBG and 10 kGy for Si-CPBG.</div><div>The glass samples can be used as a label or dosimeter for high dose monitoring as they showed good optical stability in both light and dark. While there was a great fading in the EPR signal intensity over time that can be rectified by standardizing the time irradiation and measurements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 116790"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116794
Syed Abbas Raza , Nurul ain Sufre , Syeda Qurat-ul-Ain Naqvi , Anwar Usman , James Robert Jennings , Ying Woan Soon
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered attention for their processing simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility. This manuscript explores the incorporation of the organic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) into a binary blend of PTB7-Th:PC70BM, forming air-processed ternary blend OSCs with an inverted architecture. The choice of PTB7-Th:PC70BM is driven by its record efficiency exceeding 10 % and compatibility with RhB in terms of photon absorption range and energy level alignment. With an optimal RhB weight content of 0.2 %, the ternary OSCs exhibit a 27 % enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to binary devices. This enhancement is mainly caused by a 13 % increase in short-circuit current density (JSC) and an 11 % increase in fill factor (FF). Steady-state photoluminescence, transient absorption and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements revealed the role of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) from RhB to PTB7-Th in contributing to the higher photocurrent in the ternary devices. The improved FF and the enhancement in IPCE at wavelengths where RhB does not absorb suggest enhanced charge generation and transport due to more optimal blend morphology from better chain ordering, as inferred from grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Furthermore, the ternary blend displays enhanced photochemical stability and improved device stability under 1 sun illumination in the presence of oxygen. These findings underscore the potential of incorporating organic dyes in OSCs to achieve improved performance and enhanced stability, addressing a critical challenge to the commercial viability of these promising photovoltaic devices.
{"title":"Enhancing the performance of air-processed organic solar cells by formation of a ternary blend with an organic dye","authors":"Syed Abbas Raza , Nurul ain Sufre , Syeda Qurat-ul-Ain Naqvi , Anwar Usman , James Robert Jennings , Ying Woan Soon","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered attention for their processing simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and flexibility. This manuscript explores the incorporation of the organic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) into a binary blend of PTB7-Th:PC<sub>70</sub>BM, forming air-processed ternary blend OSCs with an inverted architecture. The choice of PTB7-Th:PC<sub>70</sub>BM is driven by its record efficiency exceeding 10 % and compatibility with RhB in terms of photon absorption range and energy level alignment. With an optimal RhB weight content of 0.2 %, the ternary OSCs exhibit a 27 % enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to binary devices. This enhancement is mainly caused by a 13 % increase in short-circuit current density (<em>J</em><sub>SC</sub>) and an 11 % increase in fill factor (<em>FF</em>). Steady-state photoluminescence, transient absorption and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurements revealed the role of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) from RhB to PTB7-Th in contributing to the higher photocurrent in the ternary devices. The improved <em>FF</em> and the enhancement in IPCE at wavelengths where RhB does not absorb suggest enhanced charge generation and transport due to more optimal blend morphology from better chain ordering, as inferred from grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Furthermore, the ternary blend displays enhanced photochemical stability and improved device stability under 1 sun illumination in the presence of oxygen. These findings underscore the potential of incorporating organic dyes in OSCs to achieve improved performance and enhanced stability, addressing a critical challenge to the commercial viability of these promising photovoltaic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a novel optical thermometer based on a phosphor-in-glass (PiG) composite was designed, incorporating 9 mol% Nd3+:Yb2W3O12 and 0.5 mol% Ho3+:Yb2W3O12 phosphors into a silicate glass matrix. Upon excitation at 980 nm, the 9 mol% Nd3+:Yb2W3O12 phosphor exhibited a thermal enhancement in the near-infrared anti-Stokes emissions of Nd3+ with an increase in temperature, whereas the up-conversion luminescence of Ho3+ in the 0.5 mol% Ho3+:Yb2W3O12 phosphor decreased. Utilizing the luminescence intensity ratio of Nd3+ to Ho3+ (I720–920 nm/I520–580 nm), a maximal relative sensing sensitivity of approximately 4.86 %K−1 was achieved. Moreover, the glass matrix effectively prevented the invasion of water molecules, thereby mitigating the deleterious effects of the hygroscopicity of Yb2W3O12. This work provides useful information for developing novel high-performance ratiometric luminescence thermometers.
{"title":"Design and analysis of PiG-based ratiometric thermometer integrating positive and negative thermal quenching materials","authors":"Zexiong Wang, Ruoshan Lei, Shilong Zhao, Feifei Huang, Shiqing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optmat.2025.116787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel optical thermometer based on a phosphor-in-glass (PiG) composite was designed, incorporating 9 mol% Nd<sup>3+</sup>:Yb<sub>2</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> and 0.5 mol% Ho<sup>3+</sup>:Yb<sub>2</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> phosphors into a silicate glass matrix. Upon excitation at 980 nm, the 9 mol% Nd<sup>3+</sup>:Yb<sub>2</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> phosphor exhibited a thermal enhancement in the near-infrared anti-Stokes emissions of Nd<sup>3+</sup> with an increase in temperature, whereas the up-conversion luminescence of Ho<sup>3+</sup> in the 0.5 mol% Ho<sup>3+</sup>:Yb<sub>2</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub> phosphor decreased. Utilizing the luminescence intensity ratio of Nd<sup>3+</sup> to Ho<sup>3+</sup> (I<sub>720–920 nm</sub>/I<sub>520–580 nm</sub>), a maximal relative sensing sensitivity of approximately 4.86 %K<sup>−1</sup> was achieved. Moreover, the glass matrix effectively prevented the invasion of water molecules, thereby mitigating the deleterious effects of the hygroscopicity of Yb<sub>2</sub>W<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>. This work provides useful information for developing novel high-performance ratiometric luminescence thermometers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19564,"journal":{"name":"Optical Materials","volume":"160 ","pages":"Article 116787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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