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1998 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 36th Annual (Cat. No.98CH36173)最新文献

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Thermal resistance degradation of alloy die attached power devices during thermal cycling 功率器件合金模具在热循环过程中的热阻退化
J. Naderman, F. W. Ragay, D. de Vries, A. van Eck, J. Van de Water
Backside scanning acoustic tomography (SCAT) images have been correlated to alloy morphology (cross-section) and composition data (stochiometry) to model the /spl Theta//sub JC/ degradation for surface mounted device packaged power ICs as a function of the temperature cycling range. We find that an appropriate setting of the die attach process can suppress needle-shaped Cu/sub 3/Sn in favor of roughly spheroidal Cu/sub 6/Sn/sub 5/. We derived from the degradation of /spl Theta//sub JC/ during thermal cycling stress tests with different temperature swings, an acceleration factor which can be described by the Coffin-Manson law. The fitting parameter q in this formula is 9.35 for the new improved setting of the die attach process when the HSOP package is used. Finally, a maximum /spl Theta//sub JC/ degradation of 0.34 K/W based on the normal distribution approach results in a lifetime of 12 years. When a customer requires a maximum /spl Theta//sub JC/ of 2.0 K/W at the end of life, 50 years can be guaranteed.
背面扫描声学断层扫描(SCAT)图像与合金形貌(横截面)和成分数据(化学计量)相关联,以模拟表面贴装器件封装功率ic的/spl Theta//sub JC/退化作为温度循环范围的函数。我们发现,适当设置模具附加工艺可以抑制针状的Cu/sub 3/Sn,而有利于大致球形的Cu/sub 6/Sn/sub 5/。在不同温度波动的热循环应力测试中,我们得到了/spl Theta//sub JC/的退化,这是一个可以用Coffin-Manson定律描述的加速因子。对于采用HSOP封装的新改进的贴模工艺设置,式中拟合参数q为9.35。最后,基于正态分布方法的最大/spl Theta//sub JC/退化为0.34 K/W,寿命为12年。当客户在使用寿命结束时要求最大/spl Theta//sub JC/为2.0 K/W时,可以保证使用50年。
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引用次数: 1
Reduction of plasma-induced gate oxide damage using low-energy large-mass ion bombardment in gate-metal sputtering deposition 利用低能大质量离子轰击降低栅极金属溅射沉积中等离子体诱导的栅极氧化损伤
T. Ushiki, Mo-Chiun Yu, K. Kawai, T. Shinohara, K. Ino, M. Morita, T. Ohmi
The effects of ion species in the sputter deposition process on gate oxide reliability have been experimentally investigated. The use of xenon (Xe) plasma instead of argon (Ar) plasma in tantalum (Ta) film sputter deposition for gate electrode formation makes it possible to improve the gate oxide reliability. The Xe plasma process exhibits 1.5 times higher breakdown field and 5 times higher 50%-charge-to-breakdown (Q/sub BD/). In the gate-metal sputter deposition process, the physical bombardment of energetic ions causes generation of hole traps in the gate oxide, resulting in lower gate oxide reliability. A simplified model providing a better understanding of the empirical relationship between the gate oxide damage and the ion bombardment energy in the gate-metal sputter deposition process is also presented.
实验研究了溅射沉积过程中离子种类对栅极氧化物可靠性的影响。利用氙(Xe)等离子体代替氩(Ar)等离子体在钽(Ta)薄膜溅射沉积中形成栅极,可以提高栅极氧化物的可靠性。Xe等离子体过程具有1.5倍高的击穿场和5倍高的50%电荷击穿率(Q/sub BD/)。在栅极-金属溅射沉积过程中,高能离子的物理轰击导致栅极氧化物中产生空穴陷阱,导致栅极氧化物可靠性降低。本文还提出了一个简化模型,可以更好地理解栅极金属溅射沉积过程中栅极氧化物损伤与离子轰击能量之间的经验关系。
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引用次数: 8
High-current transmission line pulse characterization of aluminum and copper interconnects for advanced CMOS semiconductor technologies 用于先进CMOS半导体技术的铝和铜互连的大电流传输线脉冲特性
S. Voldman, R. Gauthier, D. Reinhart, K. Morrisseau
High-current phenomena and electrostatic discharge (ESD) in both aluminum and copper interconnects using transmission line pulse (TLP) testing are reported. Critical current density-to-failure, J/sub crit/, is evaluated as a function of pulse width for both wire and via structures. Experimental results demonstrate that copper-based interconnects have superior ESD robustness compared to aluminum-based interconnects.
本文报道了用传输线脉冲(TLP)测试铝和铜互连中的大电流现象和静电放电(ESD)。临界失效电流密度,J/下临界/,被评估为导线和通孔结构的脉冲宽度的函数。实验结果表明,与铝基互连相比,铜基互连具有更好的ESD稳健性。
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引用次数: 29
Impact of screening of latent defects at electrical test on the yield-reliability relation and application to burn-in elimination 电气试验中潜在缺陷的筛选对屈服-可靠性关系的影响及其在消除磨损中的应用
J. van der Pol, E. Ooms, T. Van 't Hof, F. Kuper
This paper addresses the question of under what conditions burn-in can be eliminated. Based on data of more than 30 million sold devices, the effect of screening of latent defects at electrical test on product reliability has been investigated. The results are combined with the yield-reliability relation and an experimentally determined failure rate time evolution, yielding a model that allows determination of the sense or nonsense of burn-in or screens at electrical test quantitatively. The model predictions are in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, for typical operating conditions, high yielding batches show a better long term reliability than low yielding batches even if the latter have been subjected to burn-in. It is also shown that voltage stresses, distribution tests and IDDQ screens can be good alternatives to burn-in.
本文讨论了在什么条件下可以消除老化的问题。基于3000多万台销售设备的数据,研究了电气试验中潜在缺陷的筛选对产品可靠性的影响。结果与屈服-可靠性关系和实验确定的故障率时间演变相结合,产生了一个模型,可以定量地确定电气测试中烧毁或屏幕的意义或无意义。模型预测结果与实验数据吻合较好。此外,在典型的操作条件下,高产量批次比低产量批次表现出更好的长期可靠性,即使后者遭受了烧毁。还表明,电压应力、分布测试和IDDQ屏幕可以很好地替代老化。
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引用次数: 41
Ti layer thickness dependence on electromigration performance of Ti-AlCu metallization Ti层厚度对Ti- alcu金属化电迁移性能的影响
M. Hosaka, T. Kouno, Y. Hayakawa, H. Niwa, M. Yamada
Electromigration lifetime tests on TiN-Ti-AlCu-TiN-Ti stacked structures with various upper Ti film thicknesses have been carried out on two-level interconnect structures connected with W-plugs. We found that a high electromigration resistance was obtained with thin Ti, resulting in an island shaped Al/sub 3/Ti intermetallic. This result is inconsistent with a well-known bypass model. We propose a new model in which the Al/sub 3/Ti-Al interface mass transport is faster than that of others.
在用w型插头连接的两级互连结构上,对不同上Ti膜厚度的TiN-Ti-AlCu-TiN-Ti堆叠结构进行了电迁移寿命试验。我们发现薄钛具有很高的电迁移电阻,形成岛状的Al/sub - 3/Ti金属间化合物。这一结果与一个众所周知的旁路模型不一致。我们提出了一个新的模型,其中Al/sub - 3/Ti-Al界面的传质速度比其他模型快。
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引用次数: 7
High current effects in silicide films for sub-0.25 /spl mu/m VLSI technologies 用于低于0.25 /spl μ m VLSI技术的硅化膜的高电流效应
K. Banerjee, C. Hu, A. Amerasekera, J. Kittl
Characterization and modeling of high current conduction in TiSi/sub 2/ and CoSi/sub 2/ films formed on n/sup +/-Si and n/sup +/ poly-Si under DC and pulsed stress conditions is reported for the first time. High current conductance of silicides is shown to be strongly affected by the technology and process conditions. The nonlinear I-V characteristics of silicide films under DC and pulsed high current stress has been modeled and the nonlinearity has been shown to be due to self-heating. Two physical parameters, B and /spl lambda/, associated with DC and pulsed current stress, have been shown to be able to describe the sensitivity of the films to high current conduction. At high currents, an abrupt lowering of the resistance of the silicided structures is observed. Detailed analysis of the evolution of this resistance drop has been made. It is shown that the cause is related to the melting of the structures, which also causes degradation in the post-stress silicide film resistance. The critical current for these failures has been shown to be strongly influenced by the silicide film width and the time duration of the pulse. CoSi/sub 2/ films and films on poly-Si are shown to be more sensitive to high current conduction and degradation.
本文首次报道了在n/sup +/-Si和n/sup +/多晶硅上形成的TiSi/sub 2/和CoSi/sub 2/薄膜在直流和脉冲应力条件下的大电流传导特性和建模。硅化物的大电流电导率受工艺条件的影响较大。模拟了硅化物薄膜在直流和脉冲大电流应力下的非线性I-V特性,证明了这种非线性是由自加热引起的。与直流和脉冲电流应力相关的两个物理参数B和/spl λ /已被证明能够描述薄膜对大电流传导的灵敏度。在大电流下,观察到硅化结构的电阻突然降低。详细分析了这种阻力下降的演变过程。结果表明,其原因与结构的熔化有关,这也导致了应力后硅化物膜电阻的下降。这些失效的临界电流受到硅化膜宽度和脉冲持续时间的强烈影响。CoSi/ sub2 /薄膜和多晶硅薄膜对大电流传导和降解更敏感。
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引用次数: 12
Critical parameters for reliable surface mounting of high pincount packages 高针脚数封装可靠表面安装的关键参数
B. Euzent, B. K. Kawanami, S. Lau
There have been numerous studies of delamination induced failures after reflow soldering of surface mount devices. However, most of these studies have concentrated on packages with less than 100 pins with die smaller than 100 mm/sup 2/. In this paper, we examine the failure mechanism associated with larger die in plastic quad flatpacks (PQFPs) and thermally enhanced PQFPs with up to 304 pins and die area up to 212 mm/sup 2/. The degradation in performance with increased reflow soldering temperature and absorbed moisture is characterized, and techniques to improve performance in reflow soldering from both the integrated circuit and printed circuit board perspective are discussed.
对于表面贴装器件回流焊后的脱层失效问题,已有大量的研究。然而,这些研究大多集中在少于100个引脚的封装和小于100毫米/sup /的芯片上。在本文中,我们研究了与塑料四平面封装(PQFPs)和热增强PQFPs中较大的模具相关的失效机制,PQFPs具有多达304个引脚和高达212 mm/sup /的模具面积。分析了回流焊温度和吸湿量的增加对回流焊性能的影响,并从集成电路和印刷电路板的角度讨论了提高回流焊性能的技术。
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引用次数: 0
Nanoscale electrical characterization of thin oxides with conducting atomic force microscopy 用导电原子力显微镜研究薄氧化物的纳米电学特性
A. Olbrich, B. Ebersberger, C. Boit
Atomic force microscopy using with a conductive tip and a highly sensitive preamplifier is used for Fowler-Nordheim (FN) current measurements in the sub-pA range on various thin MOS gate and EEPROM tunneling oxides. Simultaneously with the oxide topography, local oxide thinning and electrically weak spots are detected quantitatively on a nanometer scale length in two dimensions. From the FN-fits to the microscopic I-V measurements, the effective area involved in the tunneling process (50-250 nm/sup 2/) and the local oxide thickness can be determined. The microscopic behaviour agrees excellently with macroscopic I-V curves so that the method can be correlated with standard reliability tests. Since the measurements are performed on the bare oxide surface, the method is suitable for in-line monitoring.
原子力显微镜采用导电尖端和高灵敏度前置放大器,用于各种薄MOS栅极和EEPROM隧道氧化物的亚pa范围内的Fowler-Nordheim (FN)电流测量。在氧化形貌的同时,在纳米尺度上定量地检测到局部氧化变薄和电薄点。从fn -拟合到微观I-V测量,可以确定隧道过程中涉及的有效面积(50-250 nm/sup /)和局部氧化物厚度。该方法的微观特性与宏观I-V曲线吻合良好,可与标准可靠性试验相关联。由于测量是在裸露的氧化物表面进行的,因此该方法适用于在线监测。
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引用次数: 12
Enhanced dielectric breakdown lifetime of the copper/silicon nitride/silicon dioxide structure 提高铜/氮化硅/二氧化硅结构的介电击穿寿命
K. Takeda, K. Hinode, I. Oodake, N. Oohashi, H. Yamaguchi
Time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) of MIS and MIM capacitors with Cu electrodes is investigated. The dielectric breakdown lifetime strongly depends on (1) the material and (2) the electric field strength of the dielectrics in contact with the Cu anode, while the dependence of the TDDB lifetime on the dielectric thickness and the capacitor structure (single-layer or multilayer) is small. In the case of the applied voltage and the total thickness of the dielectrics being constant, the layered SiN-SiO/sub 2/ structure with thinner p-SiN has higher resistance to dielectric breakdown than that of a monolayer structure (SiN, SiO/sub 2/). This higher resistance to breakdown is because of the higher dielectric constant and the higher TDDB endurance of SiN.
研究了带铜电极的MIS和MIM电容器的时变介电击穿特性。介质击穿寿命主要取决于(1)材料和(2)与Cu阳极接触的介质的电场强度,而TDDB寿命对介质厚度和电容器结构(单层或多层)的依赖性较小。在施加电压和介质总厚度一定的情况下,具有较薄p-SiN的层状SiN-SiO/sub 2/结构比单层结构(SiN, SiO/sub 2/)具有更高的介电击穿电阻。这种较高的抗击穿能力是由于SiN较高的介电常数和较高的TDDB耐久性。
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引用次数: 26
Channel coupling imposed tradeoffs on hot carrier degradation and single transistor latch-up in SOI MOSFETs 在SOI mosfet中,通道耦合对热载流子退化和单晶体管锁存进行了权衡
F. Duan, D. Ioannou, W. Jenkins, H. Hughes, M. Liu
Carrier generation by impact ionization in SOI MOSFETs as a function of the strength of channel coupling, adjusted by varying the back gate bias or the silicon film thickness, was extensively studied by extensive PISCES numerical simulations. The results show that stronger front/back channel coupling results in lower carrier generation, and consequently, lower hot carrier degradation. Experimental measurements of the substrate current and hot carrier device degradation verified these results. At the same time, however, the stronger channel coupling results in a lower value for the single-transistor latch-up voltage V/sub DLU/. The above observations mean that there is a trade-off between hot carrier degradation and single transistor latch-up voltage in SOI MOSFETs.
通过广泛的双鱼座数值模拟,研究了SOI mosfet中冲击电离产生的载流子作为通道耦合强度的函数,通过改变后门偏置或硅膜厚度来调节。结果表明,较强的前/后通道耦合导致较低的载流子产生,从而降低热载流子降解。衬底电流和热载子器件退化的实验测量验证了这些结果。然而,与此同时,更强的通道耦合导致单晶体管锁存电压V/sub DLU/的值更低。上述观察结果意味着在SOI mosfet中存在热载流子退化和单晶体管锁存电压之间的权衡。
{"title":"Channel coupling imposed tradeoffs on hot carrier degradation and single transistor latch-up in SOI MOSFETs","authors":"F. Duan, D. Ioannou, W. Jenkins, H. Hughes, M. Liu","doi":"10.1109/RELPHY.1998.670542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RELPHY.1998.670542","url":null,"abstract":"Carrier generation by impact ionization in SOI MOSFETs as a function of the strength of channel coupling, adjusted by varying the back gate bias or the silicon film thickness, was extensively studied by extensive PISCES numerical simulations. The results show that stronger front/back channel coupling results in lower carrier generation, and consequently, lower hot carrier degradation. Experimental measurements of the substrate current and hot carrier device degradation verified these results. At the same time, however, the stronger channel coupling results in a lower value for the single-transistor latch-up voltage V/sub DLU/. The above observations mean that there is a trade-off between hot carrier degradation and single transistor latch-up voltage in SOI MOSFETs.","PeriodicalId":196556,"journal":{"name":"1998 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 36th Annual (Cat. No.98CH36173)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132225270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
1998 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium Proceedings. 36th Annual (Cat. No.98CH36173)
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