Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104052
Jiwei Du , Yi Zhao , Binhuan Lan , Liming Huang , Shizheng Sun
This paper addresses the issue of nonlinear coupling error caused by cross-sensitivity of strain and temperature in the composite detection of flow rate and temperature in transformer oil using a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor. This paper focuses on the FBG sensor as the research object, elucidating the underlying principles of composite detection. Subsequently, a composite detection experimental platform is established for the purpose of analyzing the coupling error of flow rate and temperature. Ultimately, a nonlinear decoupling algorithm based on the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is proposed to enhance the nonlinear decoupling algorithm of the Elman neural network (simple recurrent neural network, Elman). The findings demonstrate that within the flow rate range of 0–5 m/s and the temperature range of 30 °C–150 °C, the maximum error is reduced by 72.0 % and 81.3 %, and the average error is reduced by 74.4 % and 79.4 %. This significantly enhances the precision and reliability of the sensor’s detection capabilities.
{"title":"GWO-elman based composite detection of transformer oil flow temperature","authors":"Jiwei Du , Yi Zhao , Binhuan Lan , Liming Huang , Shizheng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the issue of nonlinear coupling error caused by cross-sensitivity of strain and temperature in the composite detection of flow rate and temperature in transformer oil using a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor. This paper focuses on the FBG sensor as the research object, elucidating the underlying principles of composite detection. Subsequently, a composite detection experimental platform is established for the purpose of analyzing the coupling error of flow rate and temperature. Ultimately, a nonlinear decoupling algorithm based on the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) is proposed to enhance the nonlinear decoupling algorithm of the Elman neural network (simple recurrent neural network, Elman). The findings demonstrate that within the flow rate range of 0–5 m/s and the temperature range of 30 °C–150 °C, the maximum error is reduced by 72.0 % and 81.3 %, and the average error is reduced by 74.4 % and 79.4 %. This significantly enhances the precision and reliability of the sensor’s detection capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104052"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coherent beam combining (CBC) is an effective scheme to surpass the physical power limits of single fiber lasers, achieving higher power and superior beam quality, with phase control being the critical factor. Active phase control compensates for phase noise-induced coherence degradation by directly or indirectly detecting phase differences among sub-beams. Traditional phase control algorithms face challenges in large-scale CBC systems due to low control bandwidth. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, integrating advanced intelligent algorithms into active phase control systems holds promise for enhancing the performance of CBC systems. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the principles of traditional phase control algorithms, such as Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent (SPGD) and locking of optical coherence by single-detector electronic-frequency tagging (LOCSET), elucidating why AI can assist in active phase control systems. Subsequently, we review recent advancements in phase control based on deep learning and reinforcement learning, concluding with a summary and future outlook. As phase control technology advances, the integration of AI and traditional algorithms will play a pivotal role in achieving high-bandwidth and accurate phase control in large-scale CBC systems.
{"title":"Harnessing artificial intelligence for coherent beam combination","authors":"Yong Wu, Guoqing Pu, Chao Luo, Haitao Cui, Weisheng Hu, Lilin Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coherent beam combining (CBC) is an effective scheme to surpass the physical power limits of single fiber lasers, achieving higher power and superior beam quality, with phase control being the critical factor. Active phase control compensates for phase noise-induced coherence degradation by directly or indirectly detecting phase differences among sub-beams. Traditional phase control algorithms face challenges in large-scale CBC systems due to low control bandwidth. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, integrating advanced intelligent algorithms into active phase control systems holds promise for enhancing the performance of CBC systems. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the principles of traditional phase control algorithms, such as Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent (SPGD) and locking of optical coherence by single-detector electronic-frequency tagging (LOCSET), elucidating why AI can assist in active phase control systems. Subsequently, we review recent advancements in phase control based on deep learning and reinforcement learning, concluding with a summary and future outlook. As phase control technology advances, the integration of AI and traditional algorithms will play a pivotal role in achieving high-bandwidth and accurate phase control in large-scale CBC systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104054
Yonghui Luo , Haoyuan Liang , Wang Ju , Junjie Chen , Xianfeng Lin , Qiang Qiu , Zhilun Zhang , Xiaoliang Wang , Yingbin Xing , Nengli Dai , Jinyan Li
A method has been proposed to suppress the 1030 nm amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of 980 nm ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) by embedding a chirped and tilted fiber Bragg grating (CTFBG) within the cavity. The influences of the positions, pieces, and cascaded methods of CTFBG on the performance of 980 nm YDFL were investigated. By embedding a single CTFBG in the cavity of 20/80 μm 980 nm YDFL, 6.4 W output power with a slope efficiency of 27 % was achieved. To the best of our knowledge, it was the highest slope efficiency of the 980 nm all-fiber oscillator with cost-effective 20 μm core diameter double-cladding YDF. The output power was increased by 17 % and the slope efficiency was increased by 6 % compared to the situation without CTFBG at the same peak-to-peak suppression ratio of 1030 nm ASE. The beam quality factor M2 was measured at about 1.2, demonstrating a near-diffraction-limited laser. The study results have provided valuable insights for the design of a high-brightness 980 nm YDFL.
{"title":"High-brightness 980 nm all-fiber oscillator with 27 % slope efficiency using chirped and tilted fiber Bragg grating","authors":"Yonghui Luo , Haoyuan Liang , Wang Ju , Junjie Chen , Xianfeng Lin , Qiang Qiu , Zhilun Zhang , Xiaoliang Wang , Yingbin Xing , Nengli Dai , Jinyan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A method has been proposed to suppress the 1030 nm amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of 980 nm ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) by embedding a chirped and tilted fiber Bragg grating (CTFBG) within the cavity. The influences of the positions, pieces, and cascaded methods of CTFBG on the performance of 980 nm YDFL were investigated. By embedding a single CTFBG in the cavity of 20/80 μm 980 nm YDFL, 6.4 W output power with a slope efficiency of 27 % was achieved. To the best of our knowledge, it was the highest slope efficiency of the 980 nm all-fiber oscillator with cost-effective 20 μm core diameter double-cladding YDF. The output power was increased by 17 % and the slope efficiency was increased by 6 % compared to the situation without CTFBG at the same peak-to-peak suppression ratio of 1030 nm ASE. The beam quality factor M<sup>2</sup> was measured at about 1.2, demonstrating a near-diffraction-limited laser. The study results have provided valuable insights for the design of a high-brightness 980 nm YDFL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104054"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104048
Long Zhang , Xiongwei Yang , Kaihui Wang , Chen Wang , Bohan Sang , Jianyu Long , Junjie Ding , Jiao Zhang , Min Zhu , Jianjun Yu , Fellow, IEEE and OSA
In this work, we have implemented a low-complexity distribution matcher in real-time for bandwidth-limited intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) system based on field programmable gate array (FPGA). For the hardware implementation of probabilistic shaping (PS), a simple and effective distribution matcher is the key to achieving the symbol of the target probability. Compared to traditional PS distribution matchers, our proposed distribution matcher has lower hardware implementation complexity and only requires a small amount of look-up table and registers to achieve target probability distribution. Meanwhile, an optical tunable filter is used to generate single sideband discrete multitone (SSB-DMT) signals for 50-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission. By using PS technology and SSB modulation scheme, we successfully real-time realize 11-GHz PS-64QAM SSB-DMT signals over 25/50-km SSMF transmission in band-limited IM-DD system, achieving a line rate of approximately 65.7 Gbit/s.
{"title":"Real-time 60 Gb/s PS-64QAM SSB-DMT transceiver deploying a low-complexity distribution matcher in band-limited IM-DD system","authors":"Long Zhang , Xiongwei Yang , Kaihui Wang , Chen Wang , Bohan Sang , Jianyu Long , Junjie Ding , Jiao Zhang , Min Zhu , Jianjun Yu , Fellow, IEEE and OSA","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we have implemented a low-complexity distribution matcher in real-time for bandwidth-limited intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) system based on field programmable gate array (FPGA). For the hardware implementation of probabilistic shaping (PS), a simple and effective distribution matcher is the key to achieving the symbol of the target probability. Compared to traditional PS distribution matchers, our proposed distribution matcher has lower hardware implementation complexity and only requires a small amount of look-up table and registers to achieve target probability distribution. Meanwhile, an optical tunable filter is used to generate single sideband discrete multitone (SSB-DMT) signals for 50-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) transmission. By using PS technology and SSB modulation scheme, we successfully real-time realize 11-GHz PS-64QAM SSB-DMT signals over 25/50-km SSMF transmission in band-limited IM-DD system, achieving a line rate of approximately 65.7 Gbit/s.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104048"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104045
Jawad Mirza , Ahmad Atieh , Benish Kanwal , Salman Ghafoor , Ahmad Almogren , Firdos Kanwal , Imran Aziz
The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs) connects underwater devices to communicate, sense surroundings, and transmit data. Acoustic communication faces bandwidth limitations, making underwater wireless optical communication-free space optics (UWOC-FSO) hybrid systems a promising alternative. However, maintaining sufficient power budget and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a challenging task, making wavelength translation (WT) from visible to infrared (IR) at the water-fiber-air interface crucial for reliable signal transmission. In this paper, we propose an underwater wireless optical communication-single mode fiber-free space optics (UWOC-SMF-FSO) hybrid link based on a photo-detection, remodulate, and forwarding (PRF) relay and intensity modulation-direct detection (IM/DD) scheme for 8 × 1-Gb/s underwater optical wireless sensor network (UWOSN). The PRF relay is installed at a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) to perform WT from visible range to IR. The performance of the sensors is analyzed for different water bodies and weather conditions of underwater and free space optics channels, respectively using metrics of Bit-error rate (BER) and Quality factor (Q-factor) employing Gamma–Gamma channel model. The simulation results show that forward-error correction (FEC) target BER of 10−4 for sensors is achieved under different water bodies and weather conditions. The results obtained from this study show that the proposed UWOC-SMF-FSO hybrid link is flexible, resilient to adverse channel effects, and can be a potential candidate for implementation of high-speed long-distance future IoUTs.
{"title":"Relay aided UWOC-SMF-FSO based hybrid link for underwater wireless optical sensor network","authors":"Jawad Mirza , Ahmad Atieh , Benish Kanwal , Salman Ghafoor , Ahmad Almogren , Firdos Kanwal , Imran Aziz","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs) connects underwater devices to communicate, sense surroundings, and transmit data. Acoustic communication faces bandwidth limitations, making underwater wireless optical communication-free space optics (UWOC-FSO) hybrid systems a promising alternative. However, maintaining sufficient power budget and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a challenging task, making wavelength translation (WT) from visible to infrared (IR) at the water-fiber-air interface crucial for reliable signal transmission. In this paper, we propose an underwater wireless optical communication-single mode fiber-free space optics (UWOC-SMF-FSO) hybrid link based on a photo-detection, remodulate, and forwarding (PRF) relay and intensity modulation-direct detection (IM/DD) scheme for 8 × 1-Gb/s underwater optical wireless sensor network (UWOSN). The PRF relay is installed at a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) to perform WT from visible range to IR. The performance of the sensors is analyzed for different water bodies and weather conditions of underwater and free space optics channels, respectively using metrics of Bit-error rate (BER) and Quality factor (Q-factor) employing Gamma–Gamma channel model. The simulation results show that forward-error correction (FEC) target BER of 10<sup>−4</sup> for sensors is achieved under different water bodies and weather conditions. The results obtained from this study show that the proposed UWOC-SMF-FSO hybrid link is flexible, resilient to adverse channel effects, and can be a potential candidate for implementation of high-speed long-distance future IoUTs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 104045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104050
Yifan Shi , Yan Mao , Xiaoqiang Xu
The ability of flexible sensors to bend or fold freely offers great advantages in sensing ability and adaptability to harsh environments. Moreover, compared with typical electrical effect based flexible sensors, optical based fiber Bragg grating (FBG) flexible sensors offer much greater ease of networking and resistance to electromagnetic interference, making them suitable for distributed multi-point strain measurements in complex environments. In this paper, two FBGs with no overlapping reflective spectra are shallowly embedded in the surface layer of a flexible thin-cylinder substrate to form a dual-parameter flexible strain sensor. However, it is crucial for the changes in direction and curvature parameters of FBG strain sensors under deformation to be accurately understood to characterize the current deformation state of the flexible sensor. Moreover, conventional peak tracking demodulation methods often fail to account for distortion in the reflected spectrum of a spiral FBG under stress. Hence, a multi-output convolutional neural network learning model is constructed to simultaneously identify the bending direction and curvature radius of the flexible sensor using machine learning methods. Experimental results show that the flexible dual-parameter FBG sensor has precisely recognize angles to within 2° across a 360° range, with a curvature recognition accuracy of 99.1%, offering precision sensing performance suitable for highly demanding application scenarios such as bionic robots and flexible medical devices.
{"title":"Machine learning-Assisted spiral fiber Bragg Grating-Based flexible dual-parameter sensing","authors":"Yifan Shi , Yan Mao , Xiaoqiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability of flexible sensors to bend or fold freely offers great advantages in sensing ability and adaptability to harsh environments. Moreover, compared with typical electrical effect based flexible sensors, optical based fiber Bragg grating (FBG) flexible sensors offer much greater ease of networking and resistance to electromagnetic interference, making them suitable for distributed multi-point strain measurements in complex environments. In this paper, two FBGs with no overlapping reflective spectra are shallowly embedded in the surface layer of a flexible thin-cylinder substrate to form a dual-parameter flexible strain sensor. However, it is crucial for the changes in direction and curvature parameters of FBG strain sensors under deformation to be accurately understood to characterize the current deformation state of the flexible sensor. Moreover, conventional peak tracking demodulation methods often fail to account for distortion in the reflected spectrum of a spiral FBG under stress. Hence, a multi-output convolutional neural network learning model is constructed to simultaneously identify the bending direction and curvature radius of the flexible sensor using machine learning methods. Experimental results show that the flexible dual-parameter FBG sensor has precisely recognize angles to within 2° across a 360° range, with a curvature recognition accuracy of 99.1%, offering precision sensing performance suitable for highly demanding application scenarios such as bionic robots and flexible medical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104037
Kangning Li , Qiang Zhao , Jiewei Du , Peng Sun , Zunwei Li , Fengxiang Guo , Dawei Du
To broaden the frequency band and maintained higher sensitivity of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) acceleration sensor, an acceleration sensor based on elastic ring structure of “8” shape is designed, which can realize temperature compensation. The wavelength shift difference of two fiber gratings is used as the output signal to eliminate the temperature effect. The characteristics of the sensor are analyzed using elastic mechanics theory and finite element simulation, and finally, the theory of the proposed sensor is verified by experiments, and the experimental results show that the sensor has a good response flat region at 10300 Hz, the sensitivity is 32 pm/G, the lateral interference level below 25% of the sensitivity in the working direction, and the temperature impact is reduced to 1.13 pm/ in the range of −5, which can meet the requirements of mechanical equipment fault diagnosis.
{"title":"A dual fiber grating acceleration sensor based on elastic ring structure of “8” shape","authors":"Kangning Li , Qiang Zhao , Jiewei Du , Peng Sun , Zunwei Li , Fengxiang Guo , Dawei Du","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To broaden the frequency band and maintained higher sensitivity of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) acceleration sensor, an acceleration sensor based on elastic ring structure of “8” shape is designed, which can realize temperature compensation. The wavelength shift difference of two fiber gratings is used as the output signal to eliminate the temperature effect. The characteristics of the sensor are analyzed using elastic mechanics theory and finite element simulation, and finally, the theory of the proposed sensor is verified by experiments, and the experimental results show that the sensor has a good response flat region at 10<span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>300 Hz, the sensitivity is 32 pm/G, the lateral interference level below 25% of the sensitivity in the working direction, and the temperature impact is reduced to 1.13 pm/<span><math><mrow><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span> in the range of −5<span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>35</mn><mo>°</mo><mi>C</mi></mrow></math></span>, which can meet the requirements of mechanical equipment fault diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104051
Su Wu , Junbin Huang , Wen Liu , Yandong Pang , Tongbao Zhu
To address the problem of the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) background noise in the high-performance interferometric fiber-optic hydrophone sensing system, this paper proposed a combination of RIME optimization algorithm and successive variational mode decomposition (RIME-SVMD) algorithm to mitigate the non-stationary noise signal with time-varying frequency components, which induced by light source and other non-ideal optical transmissions during 3 × 3 demodulation. The SVMD algorithm adopts an iterative approach to decompose the demodulation signal into several Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) components. Althouth it is worth noting that SVMD algorithm entail a fewer parameter without selecting the number of modes compared to traditional VMD algorithms, it is improved by RIME algorithm to establish the optimization objective, whose phase permutation entropy (PPE) mean of the modal components get minimized to realize the self-adaptive selection of parameters. The proposed algorithm is applied to the adaptive decomposition of the underwater acoustic, resulting in multiple IMF components. The IMFs with the maximum correlation coefficient criterion are retained for signal reconstruction, which contain a significant amount of underwater acoustic characterisation information. The experimental and comparative results show the exceptional performance of the proposed algorithm in effectively removing system and environmental noise while preserving underwater acoustic information. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the acoustic signal is improved by 6.42 dB compared to VMD. Furthermore, through the information process of beamforming the array signals before and after noise suppression, we note that the approach is capable of achieving directional detection by the UWFBG hydrophone array, which shows a clear azimuth with much less variation over short periods of time.
{"title":"Anti-noise UWFBG hydrophone array enhanced DAS system using optimising SVMD based on matched interferometric","authors":"Su Wu , Junbin Huang , Wen Liu , Yandong Pang , Tongbao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the problem of the ultra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) background noise in the high-performance interferometric fiber-optic hydrophone sensing system, this paper proposed a combination of RIME optimization algorithm and successive variational mode decomposition (RIME-SVMD) algorithm to mitigate the non-stationary noise signal with time-varying frequency components, which induced by light source and other non-ideal optical transmissions during 3 × 3 demodulation. The SVMD algorithm adopts an iterative approach to decompose the demodulation signal into several Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) components. Althouth it is worth noting that SVMD algorithm entail a fewer parameter without selecting the number of modes compared to traditional VMD algorithms, it is improved by RIME algorithm to establish the optimization objective, whose phase permutation entropy (PPE) mean of the modal components get minimized to realize the self-adaptive selection of parameters. The proposed algorithm is applied to the adaptive decomposition of the underwater acoustic, resulting in multiple IMF components. The IMFs with the maximum correlation coefficient criterion are retained for signal reconstruction, which contain a significant amount of underwater acoustic characterisation information. The experimental and comparative results show the exceptional performance of the proposed algorithm in effectively removing system and environmental noise while preserving underwater acoustic information. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the acoustic signal is improved by 6.42 dB compared to VMD. Furthermore, through the information process of beamforming the array signals before and after noise suppression, we note that the approach is capable of achieving directional detection by the UWFBG hydrophone array, which shows a clear azimuth with much less variation over short periods of time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104051"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104041
Hichem Mrabet , Faouzi Bahloul , Abdelhamid Cherifi , Thiago Raddo , Abdullah S. Karar , Aymen Belghith , Hafedh M. Zayani
This paper proposes an analytical and a numerical models for Next Generation Passive Optical Network (NGPON) by combining Gigabit-PON (GPON) and 10 Gigabit asymmetrical PON (XGPON) technologies. This allows for a larger number of subscribers to be accommodated on the network, up to 256. A capacity optimization procedure based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) techniques is then proposed and analyzed. The uplink and downlink capacities are maximized by optimizing various link parameters, such as the number of Optical Network Units (ONUs), the average optical transmitter power, the receiver sensitivity and the network operating margins. Simulation results shown that, among others, the Distributed-feedback laser (DBF) average power, the Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (PIN) sensitivity and the network margin are the key parameters entrusted to the GA technique in order to maximize the downlink capacity. In contrast, the Fabry Perot (FP) average power, the Avalanche Photodiode (APD) sensitivity and network margin are found to be the most influential parameters optimized by GA to maximize uplink capacity. Significantly, it is demonstrated that the GA technique, when used in optimizing NGPON capacity, enabling 256 subscribers and offering a data rates up to 71.02 Gb/s and 390.56 Gb/s in the upstream and downstream directions, respectively.
{"title":"Capacity Optimization of the Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks Based on Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Hichem Mrabet , Faouzi Bahloul , Abdelhamid Cherifi , Thiago Raddo , Abdullah S. Karar , Aymen Belghith , Hafedh M. Zayani","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an analytical and a numerical models for Next Generation Passive Optical Network (NGPON) by combining Gigabit-PON (GPON) and 10 Gigabit asymmetrical PON (XGPON) technologies. This allows for a larger number of subscribers to be accommodated on the network, up to 256. A capacity optimization procedure based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) techniques is then proposed and analyzed. The uplink and downlink capacities are maximized by optimizing various link parameters, such as the number of Optical Network Units (ONUs), the average optical transmitter power, the receiver sensitivity and the network operating margins. Simulation results shown that, among others, the Distributed-feedback laser (DBF) average power, the Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (PIN) sensitivity and the network margin are the key parameters entrusted to the GA technique in order to maximize the downlink capacity. In contrast, the Fabry Perot (FP) average power, the Avalanche Photodiode (APD) sensitivity and network margin are found to be the most influential parameters optimized by GA to maximize uplink capacity. Significantly, it is demonstrated that the GA technique, when used in optimizing NGPON capacity, enabling 256 subscribers and offering a data rates up to 71.02 Gb/s and 390.56 Gb/s in the upstream and downstream directions, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104043
Yang Bai , Jun Ruan , Hui Zhang , Dan-dan Liu , Si-Chen Fan , Xin-Liang Wang , Yong Guan , Jun-Ru Shi , Shou-gang Zhang
A compact and robust all-fiber laser system comprising fiber-optical components for a Rb atomic fountain clock is demonstrated. The laser sources were based on the frequency doubling of two seed lasers at a wavelength of 1560 nm, which were locked using digital frequency locking and modulation transfer spectroscopy. During the Sisyphus cooling period, the PZT control voltage of the fiber laser was ramped to detune the laser frequency to 170 MHz, and we get an atomic temperature of 1.9 □K. A series of customized optical fiber splitters, acousto-optic modulators (AOMs), and shutters were integrated into two 2U enclosures as cooling and repumping light modules. The entire laser system was integrated into a 22U cabinet and was characterized via polarization, power, and frequency stability measurements over 100 days. Apply the laser system to the Rb atomic fountain clock, which exhibited a frequency stability of less than 4.5 × 10-16 at the interval of 24 h.
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