Optical Fiber Technology最新文献_第3页

Experimental analysis of optical spectrum based power distribution analysis for intermediate node monitoring in optical networks using shallow multi-task artificial neural network 利用浅层多任务人工神经网络进行基于光谱的功率分布分析以监测光网络中的中间节点的实验分析

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104013

Sindhumitha Kulandaivel, R.K. Jeyachitra

In this work, we propose an intelligent solution to cost-effective intermediate node monitoring in optical networks using optical spectrum-based power distribution analysis (OSPDA) and shallow multi-task artificial neural network (SMT-ANN). The proposed technique is used to realize simultaneous identification of modulation format (MF) and multi-parameter optical performance monitoring (OPM) such as identification of launch power (LP), chromatic dispersion (CD), differential group delay (DGD), and optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) estimation. OSPDA is based on comparing optical spectrums with and without impairment to determine the power level deviations and correlation for simultaneous OPM. It involves features derived from OSPDA as input to the proposed SMT-ANN for executing both identification and estimation of OPM. The experimental validation has been carried out for 10 different MFs such as 4 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), 8 QAM, 16 QAM, 32 QAM, 64 QAM, Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), Offset QPSK (OQPSK), 8 Phase Shift Keying (PSK), and 16 PSK at three LP for both back-to-back (B2B) and 50 km optical fiber transmission link. The various levels of CD and DGD were introduced using different lengths of optical fiber. The best results achieved from the analysis include 99.87 %, 99.81 %, 98.72 %, and 98.36 % identification accuracy for MF, LP, CD, and DGD respectively. The minimum average mean absolute error (MAE) obtained for OSNR estimation is 0.218 dB. Thus, the proposed method is practically feasible for simultaneous OPM at intermediate nodes for real-time robust and reconfigurable optical networks.

在这项工作中，我们提出了一种智能解决方案，利用基于光谱的功率分布分析（OSPDA）和浅层多任务人工神经网络（SMT-ANN）对光网络中的中间节点进行经济高效的监测。所提出的技术可用于同时识别调制格式（MF）和多参数光性能监测（OPM），如识别发射功率（LP）、色度色散（CD）、差分群延迟（DGD）和光信噪比（OSNR）估计。OSPDA 的基础是比较有损伤和无损伤的光频谱，以确定同步 OPM 的功率电平偏差和相关性。它将从 OSPDA 中获得的特征作为输入到拟议的 SMT-ANN 中，以执行 OPM 的识别和估计。在背靠背 (B2B) 和 50 千米光纤传输链路的三个 LP 下，对 10 种不同的中频（如 4 正交调幅 (QAM)、8 QAM、16 QAM、32 QAM、64 QAM、二进制相移键控 (BPSK)、正交相移键控 (QPSK)、偏移 QPSK (OQPSK)、8 相移键控 (PSK) 和 16 PSK）进行了实验验证。使用不同长度的光纤引入了不同级别的 CD 和 DGD。分析得出的最佳结果包括 MF、LP、CD 和 DGD 的识别精度分别为 99.87%、99.81%、98.72% 和 98.36%。OSNR 估计的最小平均绝对误差 (MAE) 为 0.218 dB。因此，对于实时鲁棒和可重构光网络的中间节点同步 OPM 而言，所提出的方法是切实可行的。

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引用次数: 0

Single-longitudinal-mode thulium-doped fiber laser based on the composite filtering effect of multiple types narrow-bandwidth filters 基于多种类型窄带滤波器复合滤波效应的单纵模掺铥光纤激光器

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104021

Tongyu Dai , Ying Chen , Jiaze Wu , Jiawei Fan , Yuechu Wu , Chenchen Jiang , Ye Zhang , Chunting Wu , Yongji Yu , Baoquan Yao , Youlun Ju , Jing Zhang

We demonstrate a single-longitudinal-mode thulium-doped fiber laser operating at 1.94 μm. Stable single-longitudinal mode operation is contingent upon the synergistic filtering effect of multiple narrow-bandwidth filters of varying types. By inserting dynamic Bragg grating with unpumped thulium-doped fiber, fiber Bragg grating and sub-ring filters into the thulium-doped laser cavity to enhance longitudinal mode selection capability, the maximum single-longitudinal-mode laser power reaches 544 mW. The time-domain root mean square (RMS) value of laser power is calculated to be 0.41 %. The wavelength tuning from 1940.02 to 1941.12 nm is also demonstrated by varying the temperature of the Fiber Bragg Grating.

我们展示了工作波长为 1.94 μm 的单纵模掺铥光纤激光器。稳定的单纵模运行取决于多个不同类型窄带滤波器的协同滤波效果。通过在掺铥激光腔中插入带有非泵送掺铥光纤的动态布拉格光栅、光纤布拉格光栅和子环滤波器来增强纵模选择能力，单纵模激光器的最大功率达到了 544 mW。经计算，激光功率的时域均方根值为 0.41%。通过改变光纤布拉格光栅的温度，还实现了从 1940.02 纳米到 1941.12 纳米的波长调谐。

引用次数: 0

Saturable absorption in erbium-doped fiber for controlling lasing peaks and their linewidths in fiber laser 掺铒光纤中的饱和吸收，用于控制光纤激光器中的激光峰值及其线宽

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104022

Deeksha Jachpure , Om Prakash , R. Vijaya

A standard erbium-doped fiber ring laser is constructed and studied for its lasing features. An additional length of unpumped erbium-doped fiber inserted in the ring cavity increases the cavity loss as well as the cavity length, and decides the new central wavelength of lasing. Under optimum conditions, the saturable absorption effect in the added length of unpumped erbium-doped fiber introduces more loss for the longitudinal modes of lower power while leaving the longitudinal modes of higher power undisturbed, thus narrowing the laser linewidth. The reduction in the 3 dB linewidth of the lasing peak from 0.170 nm to 0.070 nm is demonstrated using an additional unpumped erbium-doped fiber length of 85 cm at a low pump power of 60 mW. As a result of this reduction in linewidth, the quality factor increases from 9.2 x 10³ to 2.2 x 10⁴ and the number of longitudinal modes reduces from ∼ 1400 to ∼ 580 within the central lasing peak. The distinct reduction of spectral width and the consequent increase in the quality factor of the laser output are brought out through the experimental data. Unlike a linear loss element introduced in the ring cavity, the narrowing of linewidth due to the saturable absorber is not accompanied with a loss of power at the central wavelength. In addition, it is found to be dependent on the location where the saturable absorber is present in the ring cavity, thus emphasizing the role of selective absorption in the ring cavity.

我们建造了一个标准的掺铒光纤环形激光器，并对其激光特性进行了研究。在环形腔中插入额外长度的非泵浦掺铒光纤会增加腔损耗和腔长，并决定新的激光中心波长。在最佳条件下，增加的未泵送掺铒光纤长度中的可饱和吸收效应会给低功率纵模带来更多损耗，而让高功率纵模不受干扰，从而缩小激光线宽。在 60 mW 的低泵浦功率下，使用额外的 85 cm 非泵浦掺铒光纤，证明了激光峰值的 3 dB 线宽从 0.170 nm 减小到 0.070 nm。由于线宽的减小，品质因数从 9.2 x 103 提高到 2.2 x 104，中心激光峰内的纵向模式数量从 1400 个减少到 580 个。实验数据显示，光谱宽度明显减小，激光输出的品质因数随之提高。与环形腔中引入的线性损耗元件不同，可饱和吸收体导致的线宽变窄并不伴随着中心波长功率的损失。此外，实验还发现它与可饱和吸收体在环形腔中的位置有关，从而强调了环形腔中选择性吸收的作用。

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引用次数: 0

A force sensor based on FPI for flexible needle force sensing 基于 FPI 的力传感器，用于柔性针力传感

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104012

Lihui Yu, Qi Jiang, Feiwen Wang

In order to solve the problems of puncture force sensing error and delay during the puncturing of human tissue by flexible needle, a Fabry–Perot (FPI) sensor consisting of single-mode optical fibre and air cavity is proposed. The FPI was fixed to the tip of a flexible needle and puncture experiments were carried out on four different hardnesses of silicone. The experimental results show that the sensor not only has high resolution and sensitivity of the puncture force, which can effectively sense the small change of the cutting force during the puncture process, but also has a smaller time delay compared with the commercial force sensor, which can sense the change of the puncture force during the puncture process in time.

为了解决软针穿刺人体组织时穿刺力传感误差和延迟的问题，提出了一种由单模光纤和空气腔组成的法布里-珀罗（FPI）传感器。将 FPI 固定在柔性针的针尖上，对四种不同硬度的硅胶进行了穿刺实验。实验结果表明，该传感器不仅具有较高的穿刺力分辨率和灵敏度，能有效感知穿刺过程中切削力的微小变化，而且与商用力传感器相比具有较小的时延，能及时感知穿刺过程中穿刺力的变化。

引用次数: 0

Monitoring optogenetic stimulation of light-sensitive stem cells using a twin-core fiber-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer 利用双芯光纤马赫-泽恩德干涉仪监测光敏干细胞的光遗传刺激

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104024

Faezeh Akbari , Mohammad Ismail Zibaii , Sara Chavoshinezhad , Azam Layeghi , Leila Dargahi , Orlando Frazao

The application of optical fibers in optogenetics is rapidly expanding due to their compactness, cost-effectiveness, sensitivity, and accuracy. This paper introduces a twin-core optical fiber (TCF) sensor employing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to monitor the optogenetic response of opsin-expressing human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) based on refractive index (RI) measuring. In order to improve the RI sensitivity of the sensor, an in-fiber Mach-Zeander modulator formed using TCF optics segments can detect changes in the RI in the surrounding medium, and in order to improve the RI sensitivity of the sensor, it is proposed to etch one side of the TCF cladding. The RI sensitivity of the sensor was obtained 233.62 nm/RIU in the range of 1.33–1.4 RIU and 870.01 nm/RIU in the range of 1.4–1.43 RIU, R² = 0.99. simulation results show that in terms of sensor sensitivity and spectral response, there is a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results, indicating that the TCF-MZI sensor can perform optical neural recording. In vitro experiments monitored wavelength changes in opsin-expressing and non-opsin-expressing in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) during optogenetic stimulation with 473 nm pulsed illumination. The results revealed that optical stimulation of ChR2 opsin-expressing hDPSCs leads to active the light sensitive ion channel and changing the effective RI of the surrounding medium. The neural activity is driven by changes in intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations, which lead to alterations in the RI of the cell medium RI variations detectable by the sensor. The novel sensor structure demonstrated its ability to detect RI changes in the cell medium during optogenetic stimulation and fiber optic sensors can be a good candidate for optical recording of the neural activity. Beyond these in vivo applications, label free fiber optic biosensors-based IR measurement can be used for all optical multifunctional probe in stimulation, recording, and sensing of neuroscience applications.

光纤因其结构紧凑、成本效益高、灵敏度和精确度高，在光遗传学中的应用正在迅速扩大。本文介绍了一种采用马赫-泽恩德干涉仪（MZI）的双芯光纤（TCF）传感器，以折射率（RI）测量为基础，监测表达opsin的人牙髓干细胞（hDPSCs）的光遗传反应。为了提高传感器的折射率灵敏度，利用 TCF 光学段形成的纤维内 Mach-Zeander 调制器可以检测周围介质中的折射率变化；为了提高传感器的折射率灵敏度，建议蚀刻 TCF 包层的一侧。模拟结果表明，在传感器灵敏度和光谱响应方面，理论结果和实验结果之间有很好的一致性，表明 TCF-MZI 传感器可以进行光学神经记录。体外实验监测了人牙髓干细胞（hDPSCs）在 473 nm 脉冲光源刺激下表达蛋白和不表达蛋白的波长变化。结果发现，光刺激表达 ChR2 蛋白素的 hDPSCs 会导致光敏离子通道活跃，并改变周围介质的有效 RI。神经活动是由细胞内和细胞外离子浓度的变化驱动的，而细胞内和细胞外离子浓度的变化会导致传感器可检测到的细胞介质 RI 变化。新型传感器结构证明了其在光遗传刺激过程中检测细胞介质 RI 变化的能力，而光纤传感器则是光学记录神经活动的理想选择。除了这些体内应用外，基于红外测量的无标记光纤生物传感器还可用于神经科学应用中的刺激、记录和传感等所有光学多功能探头。

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引用次数: 0

Lebesgue-integral-inspired matrix decomposition of optical fibers with arbitrary spinning rates 受勒贝格积分法启发的任意旋转速率光纤矩阵分解

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104011

Yuhao Huang , Li Xia , Kun Yue , Junchang Huang , Xiaodong Yin

Optical chiral materials have become a heated topic of research in recent decades, continually injecting new vitality into both the fundamental theory of optics and novel applications. An optical fiber with linear birefringence can be considered a chiral medium when it is twisted along the axial direction. However, when the spinning rate is non-uniform and varies arbitrarily along the fiber axis, obtaining the emerging polarization state of the light wave is challenging. In this work, inspired by the Lebesgue integral, we innovatively propose a method to decompose optical fibers with arbitrary spinning rates by using elliptical birefringence matrix. Mathematical derivation is provided, and the correctness of the scheme is also verified by comparing it with the results obtained from traditional coupled-mode theory and linear birefringence matrix method. The scheme proposed in this work provides great convenience for obtaining the polarization matrix of chiral fibers and is also applicable to other chiral materials.

近几十年来，光学手性材料已成为一个热门研究课题，不断为光学基础理论和新型应用注入新的活力。当具有线性双折射的光纤沿轴向扭转时，可将其视为手性介质。然而，当旋转速率不均匀且沿光纤轴任意变化时，要获得光波的新偏振态就很困难了。在这项工作中，我们受勒贝格积分的启发，创新性地提出了一种利用椭圆双折射矩阵分解任意旋转速率光纤的方法。本文提供了数学推导，并通过与传统耦合模式理论和线性双折射矩阵方法得出的结果进行比较，验证了该方案的正确性。本文提出的方案为获得手性光纤的偏振矩阵提供了极大的便利，同时也适用于其他手性材料。

引用次数: 0

Humidity sensing characteristics of rose Bengal dye-functionalized plasmonic silver Nanoparticles-coated Novel Fiber-Optic sensors 玫瑰红染料功能化等离子银纳米粒子包覆的新型光纤传感器的湿度传感特性

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104025

A.A. Salim , S.K. Ghoshal , M.S. Amana , Nandang Mufti , M.S.A. Aziz , Safa Riyadh Waheed , Karrar Abdulameer Kadhim , N.H. Sarmin , H. Bakhtiar

Demand of high performance fiber-optic relative humidity sensors (FO-RHS) is ever-growing. Thus, rose Bengal dye (RBD)-functionalized ellipsoidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were made using pulse laser ablation in liquid method and used as sensing coating elements to design optical fiber-based humidity sensors. These NPs showed prominent surface plasmon resonance absorption and fluorescence with short decay lifetime. AgNPs surface enriched of OH and COOH groups enabled an efficient H₂O adsorption, O₂ dissociation, and electrons acceptance. Humidity sensing capacity of these FO-RHS was tested against polyvinyl alcohol, revealing excellent sensitivity (0.16 dB/%RH) and linearity (0.955 dB/%RH). Proposed FO-RHS may be beneficial for practical applications.

对高性能光纤相对湿度传感器（FO-RHS）的需求与日俱增。因此，利用液态脉冲激光烧蚀法制备了玫瑰孟加拉染料（RBD）功能化的椭圆形银纳米粒子（AgNPs），并将其用作传感涂层元件来设计基于光纤的湿度传感器。这些 NPs 表现出明显的表面等离子体共振吸收和荧光，且衰减寿命短。表面富含 OH 和 COOH 基团的 AgNPs 能有效吸附 H2O、解离 O2 和接受电子。针对聚乙烯醇测试了这些 FO-RHS 的湿度传感能力，结果表明它们具有出色的灵敏度（0.16 dB/%RH）和线性度（0.955 dB/%RH）。拟议的 FO-RHS 可能有利于实际应用。

引用次数: 0

Michelson interferometer based on a fiber with a germanium-doped core and inner cladding for high-temperature sensing 基于掺锗纤芯和内包层光纤的用于高温传感的迈克尔逊干涉仪

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104016

Olga N. Egorova , Sergey L. Semjonov , Sergey G. Zhuravlev , Mikhail Yu. Salganskii , Mikhail V. Yashkov , Mario Ferraro

We proposed and demonstrated a temperature sensor based on a fiber Michelson interferometer. The Michelson Interferometer contains a special fiber with a germanium-doped core and pure silica inner cladding, so the interference spectrum is formed as a result of interference of the mode of the core and one of the modes of the inner cladding. The existence of inner cladding reduces the number of interacting cladding modes. When annealing the sensor for 300 min at a temperature of 600 °C, no thermal hysteresis of the interference spectrum was observed. The temperature sensitivities of the proposed sensor are 48 pm/°C in the range of 20–250 °C and 78 pm/°C in the range of 250–600 °C. But when the sensor was exposed to a constant temperature of 700 °C and above for a few hours, a shift in the wavelength of the dip of the interference spectrum is observed. This wavelength shift, which occurs even at a fixed temperature, depends on the temperature of annealing. It can be explained by a number of processes occurring in glass at high temperatures: the changing fictive temperature of the glass, diffusion of germanium oxide from the core, and formation of mechanical stresses resulting from the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the core and cladding, and relaxation of these mechanical stresses at an elevated temperature.

我们提出并演示了一种基于光纤迈克尔逊干涉仪的温度传感器。迈克尔逊干涉仪包含一根特殊的光纤，掺锗纤芯和纯二氧化硅内包层，因此干涉频谱是由纤芯的模式和内包层的一个模式干涉形成的。内包层的存在减少了相互作用的包层模式数量。将传感器在 600 °C 的温度下退火 300 分钟后，没有观察到干涉频谱的热滞后现象。该传感器在 20-250 ℃ 范围内的温度灵敏度为 48 pm/℃，在 250-600 ℃ 范围内的温度灵敏度为 78 pm/℃。但是，当传感器暴露在 700 ℃ 及以上的恒温环境中数小时后，就会观察到干涉光谱的波长偏移。这种即使在固定温度下也会发生的波长偏移取决于退火的温度。这可以用玻璃在高温下发生的一系列过程来解释：玻璃的假定温度变化、氧化锗从玻璃芯扩散、玻璃芯和包层的热膨胀系数差异导致的机械应力形成，以及这些机械应力在高温下的松弛。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon nanostructures in polyvinyl alcohol-based silver nanocomposites for serum albumin concentration sensing 用于血清白蛋白浓度传感的聚乙烯醇基银纳米复合材料中的碳纳米结构

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104010

Priyamvada V.C. , Sony Udayan , Vijesh K.R. , V.P.N. Nampoori , Radhakrishnan P.

Introducing carbon nanostructures in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix as strengthening elements by solution dispersion method is already known. Here, the plasmonic sensor surfaces interspersed with carbon nanomaterials are studied for their durable and better sensing capabilities. Carbon quantum dots (CQD) and Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are the carbon nanostructures used in the polyvinyl alcohol-silver nanocomposite to develop plasmonic sensing surfaces. Fiber optic unclad U-bent surfaces are encapsulated in the carbon nanostructure dispersed PVA-silver nanocomposite. The surface is further functionalized with the polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) for better bioconjugation. In the available sensor literature, the evaluation of the sensing layer stability after multiple sensing trials is almost nil. In this work, the sensor surface plasmonic performance after multiple sensing trials is evaluated. The results show that plasmonic biosensors with improved sensing performances can be developed by introducing carbon nanomaterials in PVA-silver nanocomposites. The developed sensor heads are used to sense Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) concentration changes.

通过溶液分散法在聚乙烯醇（PVA）基质中引入碳纳米结构作为增强元素已为人熟知。在此，我们研究了穿插碳纳米材料的质子传感器表面，以了解它们的耐用性和更好的传感能力。碳量子点（CQD）和多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）是聚乙烯醇-银纳米复合材料中用于开发等离子传感表面的碳纳米结构。光纤无包层 U 型弯曲表面被封装在分散的聚乙烯醇-银纳米复合材料的碳纳米结构中。为了更好地进行生物共轭，该表面还被聚电解质聚（烯丙基胺）盐酸盐（PAH）进一步功能化。在现有的传感器文献中，对多次传感试验后传感层稳定性的评估几乎为零。在这项工作中，对传感器表面的等离子性能进行了多次传感试验后的评估。结果表明，通过在 PVA-银纳米复合材料中引入碳纳米材料，可以开发出具有更好传感性能的等离子体生物传感器。所开发的传感器头可用于感应牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的浓度变化。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic realization of miscellaneous profile services in elastic optical networks using spectrum partitioning 利用频谱划分在弹性光网络中动态实现各种配置文件服务

IF 2.6 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.103951

Behnam Gheysari , Arash Rezaee , Lotfollah Beygi

Optical backbone networks are required to be highly adaptable in terms of bandwidth allocation, to accommodate the dynamic demands of emerging broadband wireless and fixed access networks. To address this requirement, rather than assigning a fixed bandwidth to each request, services are offered based on the requested bandwidth profile, which enables a more diverse range of services to be offered and more efficient usage of spectrum resources. To accommodate the service requests with miscellaneous bandwidth profiles, including minimum, average, and maximum spectrum slot requirements, as well as holding time, two innovative techniques have been developed. These schemes ensure that the allocated bandwidth meets the minimum requirement, does not exceed the maximum, and achieves the desired average bandwidth, considering the time-weighted average of the assigned spectrum slots over the holding period. These methods also utilize probabilistic spectrum partitioning, which enforces different probabilities to contributing spectrum partitions in a certain service realization. Employing this probabilistic spectrum partitioning along with profile-based routing, improves the chance of accommodating requests and consequently reduces request blocking probability. The results indicate that our algorithms can successfully realize the requested services by achieving a blocking probability of less than 0.07 for offered loads up to 1000 erlang, in the Deutsche Telekom network topology.

为了适应新兴宽带无线和固定接入网络的动态需求，要求光骨干网络在带宽分配方面具有很强的适应性。为满足这一要求，我们不再为每个请求分配固定的带宽，而是根据请求的带宽配置文件提供服务，这样既能提供更多样化的服务，又能更有效地利用频谱资源。为了满足各种带宽要求（包括最小、平均和最大频谱时隙要求以及保持时间）的服务请求，开发了两种创新技术。这些方案可确保分配的带宽满足最低要求，不超过最大要求，并达到所需的平均带宽，同时考虑到所分配频谱时隙在保持期内的时间加权平均值。这些方法还利用了概率频谱分区，即在实现某种服务时，对频谱分区采用不同的概率。采用这种概率频谱划分和基于配置文件的路由选择，可提高满足请求的几率，从而降低请求阻塞概率。结果表明，在德国电信网络拓扑中，我们的算法可以成功实现请求的服务，在提供高达 1000 erlang 的负载时，阻塞概率小于 0.07。

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引用次数: 0