Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104563
Yumei Zhang , Baoquan Xiao , Zelin Gao , Li Yang , Dekui Zhang , Ning Wang , Tuanjie Che , Xusheng Xia , Liyun Ding
The rapid, accurate and highly sensitive detection of acetylcholine, which was one of the neurotransmitters related to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases has great significance for disease screening, treatment and prognosis. This paper proposed a GNRs/Ti3C2 MXene enhanced optical fiber LSPR acetylcholine biosensor by depositing Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets on the surface of a GNRs-based optical fiber sensing probe via simple electrostatic self-assembly. The refractive index sensitivity of the biosensor was improved due to the advantages of the large specific surface area, hydrophilicity and broadband absorption spectrum of 2D Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets. The refractive index sensitivity of the biosensor with Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets was improved by 44 % compared to that of the GNRs-based biosensor. The biosensor had a good linear relationship in the range of 0–900 μM for acetylcholine concentration with a sensitivity of 0.0304 nm/μM and the detection limit was 6.58 μM. The results indicated that the proposed GNRs/Ti3C2 MXene enhanced optical fiber LSPR acetylcholine biosensor provides a promising avenue of detection for in biotechnology and medicine files.
{"title":"GNRs/Ti3C2 MXene improved optical fiber LSPR acetylcholine biosensors","authors":"Yumei Zhang , Baoquan Xiao , Zelin Gao , Li Yang , Dekui Zhang , Ning Wang , Tuanjie Che , Xusheng Xia , Liyun Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid, accurate and highly sensitive detection of acetylcholine, which was one of the neurotransmitters related to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases has great significance for disease screening, treatment and prognosis. This paper proposed a GNRs/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene enhanced optical fiber LSPR acetylcholine biosensor by depositing Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene nanosheets on the surface of a GNRs-based optical fiber sensing probe via simple electrostatic self-assembly. The refractive index sensitivity of the biosensor was improved due to the advantages of the large specific surface area, hydrophilicity and broadband absorption spectrum of 2D Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene nanosheets. The refractive index sensitivity of the biosensor with Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene nanosheets was improved by 44 % compared to that of the GNRs-based biosensor. The biosensor had a good linear relationship in the range of 0–900 μM for acetylcholine concentration with a sensitivity of 0.0304 nm/μM and the detection limit was 6.58 μM. The results indicated that the proposed GNRs/Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> MXene enhanced optical fiber LSPR acetylcholine biosensor provides a promising avenue of detection for in biotechnology and medicine files.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 104563"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104569
Yujia Yin , Suhua Wang , Hongliang Ren , Juanjuan Li , Mingyi Gao
Time-delayed reservoir computing has emerged as an energy-efficient neuromorphic paradigm due to its minimal physical footprint, yet its reliance on feedback-loop-induced fading memory fundamentally limits scalability and task adaptability. In this work, a novel photonic feedforward architecture that eliminates feedback mechanisms while enabling memory-tunable operation is proposed. By exploiting the intrinsic nonlinear response and the light dispersion characteristic of highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF), the system achieves baseline memory properties suitable for simple temporal tasks. For enhanced memory-intensive processing, a dynamic input encoding scheme that systematically modulates temporal correlations without physical structural modifications is utilized. The passive low-loss HNLF implementation ensures ultralow power consumption and broad operational bandwidth, overcoming the bandwidth constraints of active feedback components. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed architecture are experimentally validated on two benchmark tasks with distinct memory requirements, the Santa Fe chaotic time series prediction and the NARMA10 prediction. Competitive performance is achieved, with normalized mean square errors of 0.0049 and 0.2159 for the Santa Fe and NARMA10 tasks, respectively.
{"title":"HNLF-based feedforward photonic reservoir computing with adaptive memory","authors":"Yujia Yin , Suhua Wang , Hongliang Ren , Juanjuan Li , Mingyi Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Time-delayed reservoir computing has emerged as an energy-efficient neuromorphic paradigm due to its minimal physical footprint, yet its reliance on feedback-loop-induced fading memory fundamentally limits scalability and task adaptability. In this work, a novel photonic feedforward architecture that eliminates feedback mechanisms while enabling memory-tunable operation is proposed. By exploiting the intrinsic nonlinear response and the light dispersion characteristic of highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF), the system achieves baseline memory properties suitable for simple temporal tasks. For enhanced memory-intensive processing, a dynamic input encoding scheme that systematically modulates temporal correlations without physical structural modifications is utilized. The passive low-loss HNLF implementation ensures ultralow power consumption and broad operational bandwidth, overcoming the bandwidth constraints of active feedback components. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed architecture are experimentally validated on two benchmark tasks with distinct memory requirements, the Santa Fe chaotic time series prediction and the NARMA10 prediction. Competitive performance is achieved, with normalized mean square errors of 0.0049 and 0.2159 for the Santa Fe and NARMA10 tasks, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 104569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104553
Haoyu Jing , Guoying Feng , Jinghua Han
A dual-layer, elliptical, nested-capsule structure was proposed for hollow-core antiresonant fibers (DENC-ARFs). The key parameters of the newly designed fiber structure were optimized through numerical analysis, and finite-element method simulations were used to evaluate the confinement loss, bending loss, and single-mode performance of the design. The simulation results demonstrated that the confinement loss of the proposed structure remained below 0.01 dB/km over a broad wavelength range from 1.1 to 1.65 μm. This value was nearly an order of magnitude lower than that of most nested anti-resonant five-node fibers. Notably, over the 200 nm wavelength range from 1.4 to 1.6 μm, the confinement loss of the proposed structure fell below 0.001 dB/km, however within in the narrower range of 1.5–1.6 μm, the confinement loss exceeded 0.001 dB/km, reaching a minimum of 1.5549 × 10−7 dB/m at 1.5 μm. Furthermore, the bending loss was 5.79 × 10−4 dB/m at a bending radius of 6 cm, reflecting excellent bending performance. The higher-order mode extinction ratio exceeded 10 dB over the wavelength range of 1.3–1.6 μm, meeting the fundamental requirements for communication systems. These results underscore the potential of the proposed structure for applications in optical communication and gas sensing.
{"title":"Low confinement loss anti-resonant hollow-core fiber with a nested capsule shape tube","authors":"Haoyu Jing , Guoying Feng , Jinghua Han","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A dual-layer, elliptical, nested-capsule structure was proposed for hollow-core antiresonant fibers (DENC-ARFs). The key parameters of the newly designed fiber structure were optimized through numerical analysis, and finite-element method simulations were used to evaluate the confinement loss, bending loss, and single-mode performance of the design. The simulation results demonstrated that the confinement loss of the proposed structure remained below 0.01 dB/km over a broad wavelength range from 1.1 to 1.65 μm. This value was nearly an order of magnitude lower than that of most nested anti-resonant five-node fibers. Notably, over the 200 nm wavelength range from 1.4 to 1.6 μm, the confinement loss of the proposed structure fell below 0.001 dB/km, however within in the narrower range of 1.5–1.6 μm, the confinement loss exceeded 0.001 dB/km, reaching a minimum of 1.5549 × 10<sup>−7</sup> dB/m at 1.5 μm. Furthermore, the bending loss was 5.79 × 10<sup>−4</sup> dB/m at a bending radius of 6 cm, reflecting excellent bending performance. The higher-order mode extinction ratio exceeded 10 dB over the wavelength range of 1.3–1.6 μm, meeting the fundamental requirements for communication systems. These results underscore the potential of the proposed structure for applications in optical communication and gas sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 104553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104566
Yuying Guo , Xin Wang , Donglian Hou , Shuqin Lou , Zhengang Lian
A wide bandwidth hybrid-structured Hollow-Core Single-Polarization Fibers (HC-SPF) with high bending performance is proposed. The hybrid HC-SPF is constructed by introducing a row of small air holes along the x-direction in the bandgap cladding and six anti-resonant tubes in the core region of 19-cell hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. Finite element method combined with a perfectly matched layer boundary is employed to model the properties of the hybrid HC-SPF. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed fiber simultaneously achieves single-polarization propagation, low transmission loss and excellent single-mode performance over a wide wavelength range from 1.51 μm to 1.61 μm. At the central wavelength of 1.55 μm, polarization loss ratio can reach 11,868, transmission loss of y-polarized fundamental mode is 4.03 dB/km, and higher-order mode extinction ratio reaches up to 48,626. Moreover, the fiber maintains high performance in single-polarization, single-mode and low loss even under a tight bending condition, with critical bending radii of 9 mm in the x-direction and 20 mm in the y-direction. This hybrid HC-SPF has the potential of application in polarization-sensitive systems, such as fiber laser systems, fiber-optic sensor, and fiber-optic gyroscopes.
{"title":"Broadband single-mode hybrid hollow-core single-polarization fiber with small cladding air holes and anti-resonant tubes","authors":"Yuying Guo , Xin Wang , Donglian Hou , Shuqin Lou , Zhengang Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A wide bandwidth hybrid-structured Hollow-Core Single-Polarization Fibers (HC-SPF) with high bending performance is proposed. The hybrid HC-SPF is constructed by introducing a row of small air holes along the <em>x-</em>direction in the bandgap cladding and six anti-resonant tubes in the core region of 19-cell hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. Finite element method combined with a perfectly matched layer boundary is employed to model the properties of the hybrid HC-SPF. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed fiber simultaneously achieves single-polarization propagation, low transmission loss and excellent single-mode performance over a wide wavelength range from 1.51 μm to 1.61 μm. At the central wavelength of 1.55 μm, polarization loss ratio can reach 11,868, transmission loss of <em>y</em>-polarized fundamental mode is 4.03 dB/km, and higher-order mode extinction ratio reaches up to 48,626. Moreover, the fiber maintains high performance in single-polarization, single-mode and low loss even under a tight bending condition, with critical bending radii of 9 mm in the <em>x</em>-direction and 20 mm in the <em>y</em>-direction. This hybrid HC-SPF has the potential of application in polarization-sensitive systems, such as fiber laser systems, fiber-optic sensor, and fiber-optic gyroscopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 104566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we have studied an exotic incomplete mode locking regime featuring intermittent pulse emission, generated in a thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) emitting at 1900 nm, where the deliberate omission of a polarizer plays a crucial role. The emission of this figure-eight laser (F8L) scheme, which includes a peculiar polarization-sensitive NOLM architecture, is formed in one phase by clusters of light with quite irregular but well-delimited temporal profiles, which we have entitled islands; in another phase, it also includes a quasi-continuous mode-locked emission, which we have called the main bunch. While the islands are structures lasting about 100 cycles each (and which are either completely isolated or grouped adjoined into a small number of them), the main bunch is a structure that is maintained for thousands of cycles, undergoing some quasi-periodic fluctuations in its temporal profile that vanish near the middle of its lifespan. The dynamics is further complicated by a significant shifting toward shorter times affecting particularly isolated islands. On the other hand, several islands may appear tightly bound together (adjoined islands). The dynamics change when these structures get very tightly connected and repeat quasi-periodically giving rise to the main bunch, going from irregular oscillations dominated by polarization dynamics to quasi-periodic emissions related to gain dynamics. Although the latter initially presents an adjoined-islands-like profile, with marked and sharp edges over a few hundred cycles, the edges blur and the distinction between individual island structures vanish, giving way to a nearly uniform light flux. A few hundred cycles before its extinction, the pattern of adjoined islands reappears, until the bunch dramatically vanishes in the background radiation. Another particularity of the main bunch is that it continually releases fragments towards shorter times, which either disappear without a trace during the bunch lifetime or promote the formation of islands beyond the main bunch extinction. We believe that this study can contribute to a better understanding of irregular dynamics, as well as the emergence of more stable regimes in these complex systems, which would be useful for industrial or medical applications.
{"title":"Intermittent irregular, quasi-periodic and quasi-stationary pulse emission in a thulium-doped fiber laser without polarization control","authors":"J.P. Lauterio-Cruz , O. Pottiez , H.E. Ibarra-Villalon , L.A. Rodriguez-Morales , Y.E. Bracamontes-Rodriguez , L.M. Gonzalez-Vidal , J.D. Filoteo-Razo , J.R. Martinez-Angulo , J.C. Hernandez-Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we have studied an exotic incomplete mode locking regime featuring intermittent pulse emission, generated in a thulium-doped fiber laser (TDFL) emitting at 1900 nm, where the deliberate omission of a polarizer plays a crucial role. The emission of this figure-eight laser (F8L) scheme, which includes a peculiar polarization-sensitive NOLM architecture, is formed in one phase by clusters of light with quite irregular but well-delimited temporal profiles, which we have entitled islands; in another phase, it also includes a quasi-continuous mode-locked emission, which we have called the main bunch. While the islands are structures lasting about 100 cycles each (and which are either completely isolated or grouped adjoined into a small number of them), the main bunch is a structure that is maintained for thousands of cycles, undergoing some quasi-periodic fluctuations in its temporal profile that vanish near the middle of its lifespan. The dynamics is further complicated by a significant shifting toward shorter times affecting particularly isolated islands. On the other hand, several islands may appear tightly bound together (adjoined islands). The dynamics change when these structures get very tightly connected and repeat quasi-periodically giving rise to the main bunch, going from irregular oscillations dominated by polarization dynamics to quasi-periodic emissions related to gain dynamics. Although the latter initially presents an adjoined-islands-like profile, with marked and sharp edges over a few hundred cycles, the edges blur and the distinction between individual island structures vanish, giving way to a nearly uniform light flux. A few hundred cycles before its extinction, the pattern of adjoined islands reappears, until the bunch dramatically vanishes in the background radiation. Another particularity of the main bunch is that it continually releases fragments towards shorter times, which either disappear without a trace during the bunch lifetime or promote the formation of islands beyond the main bunch extinction. We believe that this study can contribute to a better understanding of irregular dynamics, as well as the emergence of more stable regimes in these complex systems, which would be useful for industrial or medical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 104567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104564
Zhouqi Ma, Qinpeng Liu, Yirui Li, Hang Zheng, Haoze Li, Yinggang Liu
A compact temperature and pressure sensor based on double fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) cavity with the no-core fiber (NCF) for the battery is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The measurement model of the double cavity is established, the measurement mechanism is investigated thoroughly, and the analytical formula of the temperature and pressure sensitivity is derived, the corresponding sensor is developed. Experimental results obtained show that sensor exhibits sensitivities of 5.75 pm/℃ and 4.125 nm/MPa within the temperature range of 240 ℃ and the pressure range of 1.63 MPa, respectively. Compared to conventional cascaded FBG temperature and pressure sensors, this sensor is more miniature, making it suitable for confined spaces. The proposed sensor is successfully implanted into a 5550 mWh capacity monobloc battery, enabling effective and direct real-time measurement of internal temperature and pressure variations under different charge rates. This type of sensor with such characteristics has potential application value for evaluating the health status of the battery.
{"title":"Research on temperature and pressure fluctuation of a miniaturized dual F-P cavity based on no-core fiber in battery","authors":"Zhouqi Ma, Qinpeng Liu, Yirui Li, Hang Zheng, Haoze Li, Yinggang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A compact temperature and pressure sensor based on double fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer (FPI) cavity with the no-core fiber (NCF) for the battery is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The measurement model of the double cavity is established, the measurement mechanism is investigated thoroughly, and the analytical formula of the temperature and pressure sensitivity is derived, the corresponding sensor is developed. Experimental results obtained show that sensor exhibits sensitivities of 5.75 pm/℃ and 4.125 nm/MPa within the temperature range of 240 ℃ and the pressure range of 1.63 MPa, respectively. Compared to conventional cascaded FBG temperature and pressure sensors, this sensor is more miniature, making it suitable for confined spaces. The proposed sensor is successfully implanted into a 5550 mWh capacity monobloc battery, enabling effective and direct real-time measurement of internal temperature and pressure variations under different charge rates. This type of sensor with such characteristics has potential application value for evaluating the health status of the battery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 104564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104568
Ronghui Xu , Qirui Fang , Yudi Huang , Junhui Hu
We have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a multiwavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser (MBEFL) with three output ports and double-Brillouin-frequency spacing. By using a four-port optical circulator(CIR) and three coils of single-mode fiber (SMF), the three-port output MBEFL has been achieved. The three coils of SMF are used to form three laser cavities through three 3 dB fiber optic couplers (OC1/OC2/OC3), and function as the Brillouin gain medium. Three EDFA modules are set in three laser cavities to provide bidirectional optical amplification. In order to optimize the configuration, we systematically investigated the effects of the three cavity lengths, 980 nm pump powers of the three EDFA modules inside the cavity, and Brillouin pump (BP) power on the MBEFL output. The research results indicate that a 10 km long SMF is a more optimized laser cavity length, and the powers of the BP, 980 nm pump powers of the three EDFA have a significant impact on the number and stability of the MBEFL outputs. When 15 mW of BP, 455 mW of Pump1, 450 mW of Pump2 and 36 mW of Pump3 are used, the three output ports produce excellent quality multi-wavelength Brillouin Stokes. In the experiment, twelve even Stokes, eleven odd Stokes and nine even Stokes are simultaneously observed in three output ports, and the average optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) for all three output ports is approximately 24 dB. The wavelength tuning of the MBEFL can be achieved by changing the wavelength of BP light, and the wavelength tuning ranges at all three output ports exceed 15 nm under the optimized configuration, the range at the first output port exceeding 31 nm. This stable and broadly tunable MBEFL holds significant potential for applications in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical communication, optical fiber sensors, and related fields.
{"title":"Double-frequency-spaced multiwavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser with three output ports","authors":"Ronghui Xu , Qirui Fang , Yudi Huang , Junhui Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a multiwavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser (MBEFL) with three output ports and double-Brillouin-frequency spacing. By using a four-port optical circulator(CIR) and three coils of single-mode fiber (SMF), the three-port output MBEFL has been achieved. The three coils of SMF are used to form three laser cavities through three 3 dB fiber optic couplers (OC1/OC2/OC3), and function as the Brillouin gain medium. Three EDFA modules are set in three laser cavities to provide bidirectional optical amplification. In order to optimize the configuration, we systematically investigated the effects of the three cavity lengths, 980 nm pump powers of the three EDFA modules inside the cavity, and Brillouin pump (BP) power on the MBEFL output. The research results indicate that a 10 km long SMF is a more optimized laser cavity length, and the powers of the BP, 980 nm pump powers of the three EDFA have a significant impact on the number and stability of the MBEFL outputs. When 15 mW of BP, 455 mW of Pump1, 450 mW of Pump2 and 36 mW of Pump3 are used, the three output ports produce excellent quality multi-wavelength Brillouin Stokes. In the experiment, twelve even Stokes, eleven odd Stokes and nine even Stokes are simultaneously observed in three output ports, and the average optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) for all three output ports is approximately 24 dB. The wavelength tuning of the MBEFL can be achieved by changing the wavelength of BP light, and the wavelength tuning ranges at all three output ports exceed 15 nm under the optimized configuration, the range at the first output port exceeding 31 nm. This stable and broadly tunable MBEFL holds significant potential for applications in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical communication, optical fiber sensors, and related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 104568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-24DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104565
Alexander Sudin , Igor Volkov , Sergey Ushakov , Konstantin Nishchev
We report an experimental study of an Er/Yb-doped fiber ring laser with a cavity length exceeding 300 m, mode locked through nonlinear polarization evolution. By adjusting the orientation of the polarization controllers and the pump power, we generated noise-like pulses exhibiting a period-doubling bifurcation. The pulse bunches had a trapezoidal shape, with different amplitudes and widths on even and odd cavity roundtrips. It was shown that the bunch widths were proportional to the change in pump power. The maximum bunch widths were 10.2 ns and 5.2 ns for even and odd cavity roundtrips, respectively.
{"title":"Period-doubling bifurcation of noise-like pulses in a passively mode-locked fiber laser","authors":"Alexander Sudin , Igor Volkov , Sergey Ushakov , Konstantin Nishchev","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report an experimental study of an Er/Yb-doped fiber ring laser with a cavity length exceeding 300 m, mode locked through nonlinear polarization evolution. By adjusting the orientation of the polarization controllers and the pump power, we generated noise-like pulses exhibiting a period-doubling bifurcation. The pulse bunches had a trapezoidal shape, with different amplitudes and widths on even and odd cavity roundtrips. It was shown that the bunch widths were proportional to the change in pump power. The maximum bunch widths were 10.2 ns and 5.2 ns for even and odd cavity roundtrips, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 104565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104562
Xiang He , Chuan Peng , Jianzhong Zhang , Zhipeng Lei , Zhe Ma , Tingyu Wang , Mingjiang Zhang
In this paper, a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR) based on 3 × 3 coupler phase demodulation is utilized to measure partial discharge (PD) and analyze its discharge characteristics. This paper measures surface and corona discharge at four voltage levels and uses the Michelson interferometer combined with the Arctan demodulation algorithm to demodulate PD signals. The experimental results show that the φ-OTDR method is consistent with the standard pulsed current method regarding the time-domain signal, phase information, discharge intensity, and the number of discharges for surface and corona discharges, which fully demonstrates the PD measurement accuracy of the φ-OTDR method. Frequency spectrum analysis indicates that surface discharge signals are primarily distributed between 37 kHz and 42 kHz, whereas corona discharge signals are concentrated around 30 kHz. Moreover, the φ-OTDR method successfully achieved distributed measurement and localization of the surface and corona discharges, with a localization error of 2 m.
{"title":"Analysis of partial discharge using φ-OTDR based on 3 × 3 coupler phase demodulation","authors":"Xiang He , Chuan Peng , Jianzhong Zhang , Zhipeng Lei , Zhe Ma , Tingyu Wang , Mingjiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (φ-OTDR) based on 3 × 3 coupler phase demodulation is utilized to measure partial discharge (PD) and analyze its discharge characteristics. This paper measures surface and corona discharge at four voltage levels and uses the Michelson interferometer combined with the Arctan demodulation algorithm to demodulate PD signals. The experimental results show that the φ-OTDR method is consistent with the standard pulsed current method regarding the time-domain signal, phase information, discharge intensity, and the number of discharges for surface and corona discharges, which fully demonstrates the PD measurement accuracy of the φ-OTDR method. Frequency spectrum analysis indicates that surface discharge signals are primarily distributed between 37 kHz and 42 kHz, whereas corona discharge signals are concentrated around 30 kHz. Moreover, the φ-OTDR method successfully achieved distributed measurement and localization of the surface and corona discharges, with a localization error of 2 m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 104562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2026.104558
Xuan Yu , Fei Yu , Cheng Lei , Du Wang
This paper presents a systematic investigation into low-loss terahertz Bragg fibers, exploring a promising approach to mitigate the high propagation loss that hinders the practical use of hollow-core terahertz fibers. We introduce a novel triangular core design combined with a reduced-node-count structure, which significantly suppresses node-mode coupling by increasing the separation between the node layers and the spatial mode profile. An analytical model is developed, showing that material loss, characterized by dielectric thickness, core diameter, and extinction coefficient, defines the fundamental transmission limit regardless of the number of dielectric layers. This model is validated through numerical simulations, which confirm that the triangular core enhances node-mode separation while a two-layer dielectric configuration delivers optimal performance. Experimentally, we fabricate a custom-extruded fiber achieving a low loss of ∼ 3 dB/m around 2.86 THz, demonstrating its potential for short-range high-bandwidth intra-vehicle terahertz communication links.
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