Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104008
A.S. Yasukevich, V.E. Kisel, A.I. Lazarchuk
A mathematical model of a rare-earth doped double-clad fiber laser based on rate equations with spatially averaged parameters laser has been developed. Analytical expressions for the threshold absorbed pump power, slope efficiency and laser output power have been obtained for the CW regime. It has been shown that the results of output power calculations using the analytical model for CW double-clad ytterbium and neodymium doped lasers are in a good agreement with the results obtained using numerical models described in literature. A quantitative criterion for the applicability of the presented analytical model for calculating the parameters of double-clad fiber lasers has been proposed. The applicability of the proposed model to describe the transient stage of the operation of a fiber laser under continuous pumping has been demonstrated.
{"title":"Modeling of rare-earth-doped double-clad fiber laser based on rate equations with spatially averaged parameters","authors":"A.S. Yasukevich, V.E. Kisel, A.I. Lazarchuk","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A mathematical model of a rare-earth doped double-clad fiber laser based on rate equations with spatially averaged parameters laser has been developed. Analytical expressions for the threshold absorbed pump power, slope efficiency and laser output power have been obtained for the CW regime. It has been shown that the results of output power calculations using the analytical model for CW double-clad ytterbium and neodymium doped lasers are in a good agreement with the results obtained using numerical models described in literature. A quantitative criterion for the applicability of the presented analytical model for calculating the parameters of double-clad fiber lasers has been proposed. The applicability of the proposed model to describe the transient stage of the operation of a fiber laser under continuous pumping has been demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104000
Esther Renner , John S. Mampilli , Nadia Amer , Bernhard Schmauss
We present a simple and cost-efficient single-channel Raman distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system based on temperature prediction by a 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) from the Raman anti-Stokes backscatter trace. The proposed Raman DTS system is based on incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry with homodyne down-conversion with excitation of spontaneous Raman backscattering by an L-band laser diode and detection of the Raman anti-Stokes in the optical C-band. A 1D-CNN is employed to predict the spatially resolved temperature profile along the fiber from the obtained anti-Stokes backscatter trace only and thus, solves the problem of temperature referencing for single-channel Raman DTS systems. The network was trained on three different scenarios, consisting of uniform and non-uniform temperature profiles along the fiber in a temperature range from 0 °C to 60 °C. The obtained results show that the measurement and signal processing pipeline presented here is capable of predicting the temperature distribution to an accuracy of approximately 1 K in the tested scenarios.
我们提出了一种基于一维卷积神经网络（1D-CNN）从拉曼反斯托克斯反向散射轨迹进行温度预测的简单而经济高效的单通道拉曼分布式温度传感（DTS）系统。拟议的拉曼 DTS 系统基于非相干光频域反射测量和同源下变频技术，由 L 波段激光二极管激发自发拉曼反向散射，并在光学 C 波段检测拉曼反斯托克斯。利用 1D-CNN 仅从获得的反斯托克斯反向散射轨迹预测光纤沿线的空间分辨率温度曲线，从而解决了单通道拉曼 DTS 系统的温度参考问题。该网络在三种不同的情况下进行了训练，包括沿光纤在 0 °C 至 60 °C 温度范围内的均匀和不均匀温度曲线。结果表明，本文介绍的测量和信号处理管道能够预测测试场景中的温度分布，准确度约为 1 K。
{"title":"Single-channel distributed Raman temperature sensing based on a 1-dimensional convolutional neural network","authors":"Esther Renner , John S. Mampilli , Nadia Amer , Bernhard Schmauss","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a simple and cost-efficient single-channel Raman distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system based on temperature prediction by a 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) from the Raman anti-Stokes backscatter trace. The proposed Raman DTS system is based on incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry with homodyne down-conversion with excitation of spontaneous Raman backscattering by an L-band laser diode and detection of the Raman anti-Stokes in the optical C-band. A 1D-CNN is employed to predict the spatially resolved temperature profile along the fiber from the obtained anti-Stokes backscatter trace only and thus, solves the problem of temperature referencing for single-channel Raman DTS systems. The network was trained on three different scenarios, consisting of uniform and non-uniform temperature profiles along the fiber in a temperature range from 0 °C to 60 °C. The obtained results show that the measurement and signal processing pipeline presented here is capable of predicting the temperature distribution to an accuracy of approximately 1 K in the tested scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104007
Andrei Zverev , Vladimir Kamynin , Vladimir Tsvetkov , Boris Denker , Sergey Sverchkov , Vladimir Vel’miskin , Yuri Gladush , Dmitry Krasnikov , Albert Nasibulin
We demonstrate the optimization of a short cavity passively mode-locked (ML) erbium-ytterbium fiber laser. The cavity consisted of a composite active fiber and a hybrid isolator-coupler-multiplexer. To realize the ML regime, aerosol-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes were placed in the cavity. During length optimization, the pulse repetition rate was increased from 100 to 298 MHz. At the highest repetition rate, the optical pulses had a duration of 3.6 ps and the average output power was 1.6 mW.
{"title":"Er-Yb all-fiber laser with a repetition rate for ultrashort pulses of 300 MHz","authors":"Andrei Zverev , Vladimir Kamynin , Vladimir Tsvetkov , Boris Denker , Sergey Sverchkov , Vladimir Vel’miskin , Yuri Gladush , Dmitry Krasnikov , Albert Nasibulin","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate the optimization of a short cavity passively mode-locked (ML) erbium-ytterbium fiber laser. The cavity consisted of a composite active fiber and a hybrid isolator-coupler-multiplexer. To realize the ML regime, aerosol-synthesized single-walled carbon nanotubes were placed in the cavity. During length optimization, the pulse repetition rate was increased from 100 to 298 MHz. At the highest repetition rate, the optical pulses had a duration of 3.6 ps and the average output power was 1.6 mW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the development of an ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser utilizing a hybrid organic small molecule (HOSM) based on Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) and N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB), as a passive saturable absorber (SA). The SA thin-film was integrated into the laser cavity to serve as a mode-locker. Through a series of experiments varying the cavity length, the efficacy and stability of the developed SA were examined. In these experiments, with cavity lengths of 112 m, 61.5 m, and 22.5 m, accompanied by group velocity dispersions (GVDs) of −2.365, −1.249 ps2, and −0.4 ps2 respectively, we observed a consistent and singular soliton mode-locking state. Notably, we achieved a remarkable pulse width tunability ranging from 1.98 ps to 712 fs by adjusting the cavity length. Operating in the 1560 nm region, this femtosecond soliton fiber laser holds significant promise for various applications, including high-precision optical metrology, frequency-comb generation, and broadband absorption spectroscopy.
{"title":"Femtosecond fiber laser with hybrid organic small molecule material as saturable absorber","authors":"Sameer Salam , Salam M. Azooz , Irfan Anjum Badruddin , Sarfaraz Kamangar , Sulaiman Wadi Harun","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of an ultrafast mode-locked fiber laser utilizing a hybrid organic small molecule (HOSM) based on Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq<sub>3</sub>) and N,N′-Di(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (NPB), as a passive saturable absorber (SA). The SA thin-film was integrated into the laser cavity to serve as a mode-locker. Through a series of experiments varying the cavity length, the efficacy and stability of the developed SA were examined. In these experiments, with cavity lengths of 112 m, 61.5 m, and 22.5 m, accompanied by group velocity dispersions (GVDs) of −2.365, −1.249 ps<sup>2</sup>, and −0.4 ps<sup>2</sup> respectively, we observed a consistent and singular soliton mode-locking state. Notably, we achieved a remarkable pulse width tunability ranging from 1.98 ps to 712 fs by adjusting the cavity length. Operating in the 1560 nm region, this femtosecond soliton fiber laser holds significant promise for various applications, including high-precision optical metrology, frequency-comb generation, and broadband absorption spectroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104004
Ran Xu , Pei Yuan , Yiyao Yang , Bingxiang Li , Jinlei Huang , Qi Xu , Qijia Miao , Lianqing Zhu
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have been widely used in various fields. In order to further multiplex FBG sensors, multi-channel interrogation systems have been widely studied. In this paper, a multi-channel AWG-based FBG interrogation system using a 1 × 4 MEMS optical switch is proposed. We simulate, design, and fabricate a 32-channel AWG based on silica planar lightwave circuit (PLC), and test the spectrum performance of the AWG. The test results show that the AWG has a good transmission spectrum with an average 3-dB bandwidth of 2.29 nm, an insertion loss of 2.52 dB to 3.95 dB, and a non-adjacent channel crosstalk of –23.06 dB. A temperature experiment is conducted on the multi-channel AWG-based FBG interrogation system. According to the experimental results, the multi-channel FBG AWG-based interrogation system achieves an accuracy within 20 pm, interrogation stability of pm, sensitivity of about 10 pm/°C, a correlation coefficient of about 0.9982 with a deviation within 0.002, excellent linearity, and the ability to interrogate 64 FBGs simultaneously.
{"title":"A multi-channel AWG-based FBG interrogation system using a 1 × 4 MEMS optical switch","authors":"Ran Xu , Pei Yuan , Yiyao Yang , Bingxiang Li , Jinlei Huang , Qi Xu , Qijia Miao , Lianqing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have been widely used in various fields. In order to further multiplex FBG sensors, multi-channel interrogation systems have been widely studied. In this paper, a multi-channel AWG-based FBG interrogation system using a 1 × 4 MEMS optical switch is proposed. We simulate, design, and fabricate a 32-channel AWG based on silica planar lightwave circuit (PLC), and test the spectrum performance of the AWG. The test results show that the AWG has a good transmission spectrum with an average 3-dB bandwidth of 2.29 nm, an insertion loss of 2.52 dB to 3.95 dB, and a non-adjacent channel crosstalk of –23.06 dB. A temperature experiment is conducted on the multi-channel AWG-based FBG interrogation system. According to the experimental results, the multi-channel FBG AWG-based interrogation system achieves an accuracy within 20 pm, interrogation stability of <span><math><mo>±</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>07</mn></math></span> pm, sensitivity of about 10 pm/°C, a correlation coefficient of about 0.9982 with a deviation within <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 0.002, excellent linearity, and the ability to interrogate 64 FBGs simultaneously.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104005
Yiqing Shu , Zhen Liu , Yanqi Ge , Weicheng Chen
Pulse coherent combination is a promising method for increasing single-shot pulse energy and can controllably combine several pulses into a coherent entity. To overcome the limit of an interferential spacing to be less than a 5-time pulse duration for the local pulse coherent combination, we propose the use of nonlocal interferometry for combining two subcavity pulses into a bound entity in a fiber laser with a dual-cavity structure. In our study, the nonlocal coherent combination of the different pulse patterns of either solitons or noise-like pulses (NLPs) can be determined, and pulses with a maximum long-range spacing up to a 125-time pulse duration for combination can be dynamically manipulated. Moreover, different nonlocal coherent combination mechanisms are demonstrated for the different pulse patterns; these include the probabilistic locking partial component phases for the NLPs and the complete locking phases assisted by dispersive waves for the solitons. Our investigation provides a novel method for nonlocal pulse coherent combination, with notable progress in generating coherent pulse states and increasing single-shot pulse energy.
{"title":"Nonlocal interference-induced pulse coherent combination in a fiber laser","authors":"Yiqing Shu , Zhen Liu , Yanqi Ge , Weicheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pulse coherent combination is a promising method for increasing single-shot pulse energy and can controllably combine several pulses into a coherent entity. To overcome the limit of an interferential spacing to be less than a 5-time pulse duration for the local pulse coherent combination, we propose the use of nonlocal interferometry for combining two subcavity pulses into a bound entity in a fiber laser with a dual-cavity structure. In our study, the nonlocal coherent combination of the different pulse patterns of either solitons or noise-like pulses (NLPs) can be determined, and pulses with a maximum long-range spacing up to a 125-time pulse duration for combination can be dynamically manipulated. Moreover, different nonlocal coherent combination mechanisms are demonstrated for the different pulse patterns; these include the probabilistic locking partial component phases for the NLPs and the complete locking phases assisted by dispersive waves for the solitons. Our investigation provides a novel method for nonlocal pulse coherent combination, with notable progress in generating coherent pulse states and increasing single-shot pulse energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface roughness is one of the important parameters in the production process of micro-nano devices. However, traditional fiber optic surface roughness sensors have low integration and low measurement accuracy. In order to solve these problems, we present high precision reflective seven-core optical fiber (SCF) surface roughness sensor. The fiber optic sensor probe is prepared by grinding and polishing, and the prepared SCF end has a symmetric conical structure, which enables the two symmetric cores to form a tiny focused spot near the fiber tip. When the focused spot contacts with the plane to be measured, the specular light will also be received, which realizes the integration of the incident light paths and collecting light paths. In addition, the symmetric conical structure can effectively collect the specular light and improve the measurement accuracy. The experimental results show that the sensor can accurately measure the surface roughness at the micro-nano scale, and the average relative errors at different roughness level are about 4.29 % and 5.71 %, respectively, and the average relative error of the sensor is about 5.00 %. Therefore, the sensor can be used for the measurement of high precision surface roughness.
{"title":"High precision reflective seven-core optical fiber surface roughness sensor","authors":"Chenrui Xu , Tongxiao Lyu , Qi Xia , Shuyu Chen , Shaochen Duan , Libo Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface roughness is one of the important parameters in the production process of micro-nano devices. However, traditional fiber optic surface roughness sensors have low integration and low measurement accuracy. In order to solve these problems, we present high precision reflective seven-core optical fiber (SCF) surface roughness sensor. The fiber optic sensor probe is prepared by grinding and polishing, and the prepared SCF end has a symmetric conical structure, which enables the two symmetric cores to form a tiny focused spot near the fiber tip. When the focused spot contacts with the plane to be measured, the specular light will also be received, which realizes the integration of the incident light paths and collecting light paths. In addition, the symmetric conical structure can effectively collect the specular light and improve the measurement accuracy. The experimental results show that the sensor can accurately measure the surface roughness at the micro-nano scale, and the average relative errors at different roughness level are about 4.29 % and 5.71 %, respectively, and the average relative error of the sensor is about 5.00 %. Therefore, the sensor can be used for the measurement of high precision surface roughness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we proposed and experimentally verified a wavelength-switchable ring cavity Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using two cascaded single mode- few mode- single mode (SFS) fiber interferometers. The free spectrum ranges (FSRs) of the two SFS fiber interferometers are designed properly to form Vernier effect. By adjusting the surrounding temperature of the SFS fiber interferometer with larger FSR, high signal-to-noise ratio (>50 dB) fiber lasers with different wavelengths are obtained one by one from 1524.90 nm to 1534.49 nm, whose interval is the smaller FSR. The proposed design provides a simple and new way for the wavelength-switchable fiber laser, which can find applications in optical communication, fiber sensing and other related fields.
{"title":"Wavelength-switchable fiber laser based on Vernier effect formed by two cascaded single mode-few mode-single mode fiber interferometers","authors":"Ju Zhang , Wenhua Ren , Li’ang Zhang , Guobin Ren , Xinbo Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.103996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.103996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we proposed and experimentally verified a wavelength-switchable ring cavity Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using two cascaded single mode- few mode- single mode (SFS) fiber interferometers. The free spectrum ranges (FSRs) of the two SFS fiber interferometers are designed properly to form Vernier effect. By adjusting the surrounding temperature of the SFS fiber interferometer with larger FSR, high signal-to-noise ratio (>50 dB) fiber lasers with different wavelengths are obtained one by one from 1524.90 nm to 1534.49 nm, whose interval is the smaller FSR. The proposed design provides a simple and new way for the wavelength-switchable fiber laser, which can find applications in optical communication, fiber sensing and other related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 103996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104001
Ying Liang , Xinqi Su , Tianyi Gong , Hu Liang , Mingyang Chen
A PDMS-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometric (MZI) fiber-optical sensor based on hollow-core fibers (HCF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the simultaneous detection of strain and temperature. The transmission spectral evolution in response to the applied strain and temperature sensor are investigated. Experimental results suggest that our proposed sensor exhibits strain and temperature sensitivities up to −40.95 dB/N and 2.5 nm/°C for the sensing ranges of 0.01 N to 0.08 N and 35 °C to 42 °C, respectively. Moreover, crosstalk analyses were performed to discriminate the strain and temperature measurement. The proposed sensor possesses desirable advantages such as high sensitivity, easy-fabrication, and low-crosstalk, which paves new way toward developing photonic devices for strain/temperature dual-parameter sensing and related applications.
我们提出了一种基于中空芯纤维（HCF）的 PDMS 辅助马赫-泽恩德干涉（MZI）光纤传感器，并对其进行了实验演示，用于同时检测应变和温度。研究了应变和温度传感器响应的传输光谱演变。实验结果表明，在 0.01 N 至 0.08 N 和 35 °C 至 42 °C 的感应范围内，我们提出的传感器的应变和温度灵敏度分别高达 -40.95 dB/N 和 2.5 nm/°C。此外，还进行了串扰分析，以区分应变和温度测量。所提出的传感器具有高灵敏度、易制造和低串扰等理想优势，为开发用于应变/温度双参数传感及相关应用的光子器件铺平了道路。
{"title":"PDMS-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer for simultaneous sensing of strain and temperature based on hollow-core fibers","authors":"Ying Liang , Xinqi Su , Tianyi Gong , Hu Liang , Mingyang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A PDMS-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometric (MZI) fiber-optical sensor based on hollow-core fibers (HCF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for the simultaneous detection of strain and temperature. The transmission spectral evolution in response to the applied strain and temperature sensor are investigated. Experimental results suggest that our proposed sensor exhibits strain and temperature sensitivities up to −40.95 dB/N and 2.5 nm/°C for the sensing ranges of 0.01 N to 0.08 N and 35 °C to 42 °C, respectively. Moreover, crosstalk analyses were performed to discriminate the strain and temperature measurement. The proposed sensor possesses desirable advantages such as high sensitivity, easy-fabrication, and low-crosstalk, which paves new way toward developing photonic devices for strain/temperature dual-parameter sensing and related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 104001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2024.103990
Hui Yang, Shuteng Cui, Anlin Yi
We introduce an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring method tailored for elastic optical networks employing probabilistic shaping (PS). The OSNR characteristics of PS signals are represented by three-dimensional density histogram matrices with dynamic power function factors and are identified through a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN). The results show that the mean absolute error of OSNR monitoring can be reduced to less than 0.12-dB and 0.34-dB in back-to-back and optical fiber transmission settings for the four M-QAM modulation formats correspondingly. Additionally, we leverage transfer learning in conjunction with the CNN to facilitate OSNR monitoring in extended-distance scenarios. The results highlight the efficacy of transfer learning in rapidly adapting CNN architectures to varying transmission distances. It is anticipated that the proposed OSNR monitoring scheme shows potential for integration into future elastic optical networks.
{"title":"An OSNR monitoring scheme for elastic optical networks with probabilistic shaping","authors":"Hui Yang, Shuteng Cui, Anlin Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.103990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.yofte.2024.103990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce an optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) monitoring method tailored for elastic optical networks employing probabilistic shaping (PS). The OSNR characteristics of PS signals are represented by three-dimensional density histogram matrices with dynamic power function factors and are identified through a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN). The results show that the mean absolute error of OSNR monitoring can be reduced to less than 0.12-dB and 0.34-dB in back-to-back and optical fiber transmission settings for the four M-QAM modulation formats correspondingly. Additionally, we leverage transfer learning in conjunction with the CNN to facilitate OSNR monitoring in extended-distance scenarios. The results highlight the efficacy of transfer learning in rapidly adapting CNN architectures to varying transmission distances. It is anticipated that the proposed OSNR monitoring scheme shows potential for integration into future elastic optical networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19663,"journal":{"name":"Optical Fiber Technology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 103990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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