Optical Fiber Technology最新文献_第7页

A novel method for eliminating crosstalk in spectral beam combining of fiber lasers with an external cavity 一种消除光纤激光器与外腔组合光束串扰的新方法

IF 2.7 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104490

Tian-jun He, Sheng-bao Zhan, Wen-ze Niu, Nai-kun Xu, Lin Zou, Wen-sheng Chen, Chen Liu

Addressing the crosstalk issue in spectral beam combining (SBC) with an external cavity, a novel method to eliminate crosstalk by using cascaded reflective volume Bragg gratings (R-VBG) was proposed, and the required grating parameters, as well as threshold power in laser oscillation are calculated. The influences of beam divergence, spectral width, and thermal deformation of R-VBG for eliminating crosstalk were analyzed according to the calculated parameters. The simulation results show that, when the divergence angle, the spectral width, and the grating temperature are less than 1.31 mrad, 1.06 nm, and 123.3 ℃, respectively, the crosstalk between different emitters can be eliminated. On the basis of the designed system, an SBC experimental system using an R-VBG as combiner was established. The experimental results show that any one of the measured spectra for the combined beam is completely consistent with the spectrum of the corresponding single laser. Further, when the grating undergoes thermal deformation, the measured spectra of the combined beam are also consistent with the spectra of the measured beam at room temperature. The experiments under room temperature and grating thermal deformation indicate that the designed system can effectively eliminate the crosstalk.

针对具有外腔的光谱光束组合（SBC）中的串扰问题，提出了一种利用级联反射体布拉格光栅（R-VBG）消除串扰的新方法，并计算了所需的光栅参数和激光振荡的阈值功率。根据计算参数，分析了光束发散度、谱宽和热变形对R-VBG消串扰的影响。仿真结果表明，当发散角小于1.31 mrad，光谱宽度小于1.06 nm，光栅温度小于123.3℃时，可以消除不同发射体之间的串扰。在设计系统的基础上，建立了以R-VBG为组合器的SBC实验系统。实验结果表明，组合光束的任何一个测量光谱都与对应的单个激光器的光谱完全一致。此外，当光栅发生热变形时，组合光束的测量光谱也与室温下测量光束的光谱一致。在室温和光栅热变形条件下的实验表明，所设计的系统能够有效地消除串扰。

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引用次数: 0

Invited Paper: High-power monolithic narrow-linewidth 1.6 mJ/8 ns fiber laser system based on all-glass spun tapered double-clad fiber amplifier 邀请论文：基于全玻璃纺丝锥形双包层光纤放大器的大功率单片窄线宽1.6 mJ/ 8ns光纤激光器系统

IF 2.7 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104465

Hossein Fathi , Uttam Kumar Samanta , Evgenii Motorin , Ebrahim Aghayari , Andrey Grishchenko , Matias Koivurova , Regina Gumenyuk , Valery Filippov

High-energy, narrow-linewidth nanosecond pulses are highly demanding for many applications that require high temporal and spatial coherence. However, the amplification of narrow-linewidth pulses is primarily limited by stimulated Brillouin scattering, which causes pulse instabilities, back-reflected pulses, and catastrophic damage effects on optical components. In this work, we present a 1.6 mJ narrow-linewidth nanosecond pulsed fiber laser system based on all-glass spun tapered double-clad fibers without employing any mitigating technique for the stimulated Brillouin scattering effect. The system delivers pulses with an 8 ns duration at a 100 kHz repetition rate, over 97.5% degree of polarization, a beam quality factor of

M^{2} \sim 1.3

, a spectral linewidth of 53.8 MHz, a 160 W average power, and 188 kW peak power with a slope efficiency of 97.6%. The degree of spatial coherence of the amplified signal was measured to be 0.94. Our results are highly valued in applications requiring high-energy, high-coherence pulses with spectral, spatial, and polarization characteristics in a compact system.

高能、窄线宽纳秒脉冲对许多需要高时空相干性的应用要求很高。然而，窄线宽脉冲的放大主要受到受激布里渊散射的限制，布里渊散射会导致脉冲不稳定、反向反射脉冲和对光学元件的灾难性损伤效应。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于全玻璃纺锥形双包层光纤的1.6 mJ窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤激光器系统，而不采用任何减轻受激布里频散射效应的技术。该系统脉冲持续时间为8 ns，重复频率为100 kHz，极化度超过97.5%，光束质量因子M2 ~ 1.3，谱线宽度为53.8 MHz，平均功率为160 W，峰值功率为188 kW，斜率效率为97.6%。经测量，放大信号的空间相干度为0.94。我们的结果在需要高能、高相干脉冲的应用中具有很高的价值，这些脉冲具有光谱、空间和紧凑系统的偏振特性。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic enhancement of ammonia sensing using U-shaped tapered no-core fiber and functional group-modulated MXene 利用u型锥形无芯光纤和功能基团调制MXene协同增强氨传感

IF 2.7 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104489

Pengyu Liu , Yongchao Zeng , Lihui Feng , Xiangyue Liu

The development of high-sensitivity sensing technologies for ammonia (NH₃), a common and toxic industrial gas, is crucial for public safety and environmental protection. Two-dimensional materials MXene have shown great potential in gas sensing due to their excellent electronic and optical properties, yet their integration with fiber-optic platforms and the underlying sensing mechanisms require further exploration. In this study, we propose and fabricate an NH₃ sensor based on a Ti₃C₂T_x MXene-functionalized U-shaped Tapered No-core fiber (UTNCF). This structure enhances the light-matter interaction with the MXene material through a strong evanescent field effect. Concurrently, we employed density functional theory (DFT) to systematically simulate the interaction between NH₃ molecules and Ti₃C₂T_x with varying ratios of functional groups, calculating the band structure and charge transfer. Furthermore, the BoltzTrap module was utilized to analyze the changes in Ti₃C₂T_x ’s optical refractive index upon NH₃ adsorption, thereby revealing the intrinsic physical mechanism of the sensor. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed sensor exhibits good performance over an NH₃ concentration range of 0–320 ppm. The sensor’s transmission spectrum shows a significant redshift with increasing NH₃ concentration, achieving a high sensitivity of 1.8 pm/ppm with good linearity. Theoretical calculations confirm that the primary sensing mechanism is the charge transfer from NH₃ molecules to the Ti₃C₂T_x surface. This process alters the material’s carrier concentration, leading to a measurable change in its complex refractive index, which is in high agreement with our experimental observations. This work successfully combines theoretical calculations with experimental validation to not only develop a high-sensitivity fiber-optic NH₃ sensor but also to elucidate its sensing mechanism from a first-principle’s perspective. It provides an effective strategy for designing novel, high-performance Ti₃C₂T_x-based optical gas sensors with significant application prospects in industrial safety and environmental monitoring.

氨（NH3）是一种常见的有毒工业气体，其高灵敏度传感技术的发展对公共安全和环境保护至关重要。二维材料MXene由于其优异的电子和光学性能在气体传感方面显示出巨大的潜力，但其与光纤平台的集成以及潜在的传感机制有待进一步探索。在这项研究中，我们提出并制作了一种基于Ti3C2Tx mxene功能化u型锥形无芯光纤（UTNCF）的NH3传感器。这种结构通过强倏逝场效应增强了与MXene材料的光-物质相互作用。同时，我们利用密度泛函理论（DFT）系统地模拟了NH3分子与不同官能团比例的Ti3C2Tx之间的相互作用，计算了能带结构和电荷转移。利用BoltzTrap模块分析了吸附NH3后Ti3C2Tx光学折射率的变化，揭示了该传感器的内在物理机制。实验结果表明，该传感器在NH3浓度0 ~ 320 ppm范围内具有良好的检测性能。随着NH3浓度的增加，传感器的透射光谱呈现出明显的红移，灵敏度达到1.8 pm/ppm，线性良好。理论计算证实了主要的传感机制是NH3分子向Ti3C2Tx表面的电荷转移。这一过程改变了材料的载流子浓度，导致其复折射率的可测量变化，这与我们的实验观察结果高度一致。本工作成功地将理论计算与实验验证相结合，不仅开发了高灵敏度的光纤NH3传感器，而且从第一性原理的角度阐明了其传感机理。为设计新型高性能ti3c2tx光学气体传感器提供了一种有效的策略，在工业安全和环境监测中具有重要的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Application of distributed optical fiber technology for strain and temperature monitoring in mass concrete raft foundations 分布式光纤技术在大体积混凝土筏形基础应变和温度监测中的应用

IF 2.7 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104491

Gongyu Hou, Shiou Zhang, Yaohua Shao, Hongbo Chen, Liyuan Bi, Hengxin Liu

Distributed optical fiber sensing (DOFS) technology is promising for health monitoring of mass concrete structures. However, the measurement accuracy is limited by the inherent temperature–strain cross-sensitivity of the sensing mechanism, requiring temperature compensation for the acquired data. Conventional temperature compensation methods, especially the reference fiber method, assume a constant compensation coefficient and ignore its temperature dependence, resulting in measurement errors under high thermal gradients. Furthermore, inappropriate sensor installation approaches often result in poor survival rates and mechanical decoupling under construction conditions. To address these issues, this study develops a dynamic temperature compensation model with a temperature dependent coefficient K, experimentally calibrated for Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry (BOTDR) systems. Additionally, an optimized sensor deployment strategy was developed through comparative experiments on reinforced concrete beams to improve strain transfer efficiency and sensor survivability. The proposed methodology was validated via field monitoring of a mass concrete raft foundation, successfully monitoring the evolution of strain and temperature in critical regions. This study provides a theoretical basis and key technical support for distributed optical fiber monitoring of strain and temperature in mass concrete structures.

分布式光纤传感技术在大体积混凝土结构健康监测中具有广阔的应用前景。然而，测量精度受到传感机构固有的温度-应变交叉灵敏度的限制，需要对采集的数据进行温度补偿。传统的温度补偿方法，特别是参考光纤法，假设补偿系数恒定，忽略了其与温度的依赖关系，导致在高热梯度下的测量误差。此外，不适当的传感器安装方法往往导致较低的存活率和施工条件下的机械解耦。为了解决这些问题，本研究开发了一个具有温度依赖系数K的动态温度补偿模型，并对布里渊光时域反射（BOTDR）系统进行了实验校准。此外，通过钢筋混凝土梁的对比试验，提出了一种优化的传感器部署策略，以提高应变传递效率和传感器的生存能力。通过对大体积混凝土筏形基础的现场监测验证了所提出的方法，成功地监测了关键区域的应变和温度演变。本研究为分布式光纤监测大体积混凝土结构的应变和温度提供了理论依据和关键技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Design of Clad-pumped 3M-EDFA for MDM-WDM system with 3 × 16 channels 3 × 16信道MDM-WDM系统包层泵送3M-EDFA的设计

IF 2.7 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104476

Ifrah Amin, Suhail K. Naik, Gausia Qazi

Mode division multiplexing-wavelength division multiplexing (MDM-WDM) is a critical technology for expanding optical fiber transmission capacity, addressing future capacity demands. Few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (FM-EDFA) is crucial for mitigating optical fiber loss in MDM-WDM systems within space division multiplexing (SDM) environments. We aim to develop a three-mode EDFA (3M-EDFA) capable of accommodating 16 wavelengths for each signal mode in MDM-WDM systems. In this research, we exploit the property of emission and absorption cross-sections of erbium ions in silica glass. Maintaining the integrated normalised population over a particular range of values along our branching matrix multi-optimization strategy for the optimisation of FM-EDFA for MDM-WDM system. Employing cladding pump power, 3M-EDFA system showcases exceptional performance, achieving gains exceeding 24.36 dB and maintaining noise figures below 3.47 dB across all the 48 channels. Across all channels, the 3M-EDFA has a gain excursion (GE) and noise figure excursion (NFE) of 1.1 dB and 0.27 dB. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the pinnacle values attained for the differential modal gain (DMG) and differential modal noise figure (DMNF) within the wavelength range of 1533 nm to 1540.5 nm are a mere 0.17 dB and 0.18 dB, respectively. These new characteristics of FM-EDFA make it ideally suited for MDM-WDM applications, rendering it an exceptional choice for powering high-capacity MDM-WDM networks within SDM environments.

模分复用-波分复用（MDM-WDM）是扩大光纤传输容量、满足未来容量需求的关键技术。在空分复用（SDM）环境下，低模掺铒光纤放大器（FM-EDFA）是减少MDM-WDM系统中光纤损耗的关键。我们的目标是开发一种三模EDFA (3M-EDFA)，能够适应MDM-WDM系统中每种信号模式的16个波长。在这项研究中，我们利用了铒离子在硅玻璃中的发射和吸收截面的特性。根据我们的分支矩阵多优化策略，将积分归一化种群维持在特定的值范围内，以优化MDM-WDM系统的FM-EDFA。采用包层泵浦功率，3M-EDFA系统表现出卓越的性能，在所有48个通道中获得超过24.36 dB的增益，并将噪声数字保持在3.47 dB以下。在所有通道中，3M-EDFA的增益偏移（GE）和噪声系数偏移（NFE）分别为1.1 dB和0.27 dB。此外，值得注意的是，在1533 nm至1540.5 nm波长范围内，差分模态增益（DMG）和差分模态噪声系数（DMNF）的峰值值分别仅为0.17 dB和0.18 dB。FM-EDFA的这些新特性使其非常适合MDM-WDM应用，使其成为SDM环境下高容量MDM-WDM网络的绝佳选择。

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引用次数: 0

Deployment cost optimization in fiber-wireless network: A study of greedy and dynamic-programming based approaches 光纤无线网络部署成本优化：基于贪婪和动态规划方法的研究

IF 2.7 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104477

Ravi Babu , Govind Sreekar Shenoy

Fiber Wireless (FiWi) access network combines fiber optics and wireless access technology with the objective of providing solutions to the problems of dimensioning, scalability, planning, and quality of service (QoS) offered by the services such as smart grid, smart cities, and the Internet of Things (IoT). The growing bandwidth demands of emerging applications implemented by these services pose significant challenges for the planning and scalability of FiWi network infrastructure. Providing a large-scale FiWi access network to accommodate large user groups requires cost-effective deployment solutions. It is important to recognize that FiWi network deployment strategies must achieve an effective balance between minimizing deployment cost and ensuring scalability. Consequently, planning and scalability considerations in communication infrastructure have emerged as key areas of research interest. Motivated by this requirement, this paper attempts to address two key problems in FiWi network deployment: optimizing FiWi deployment cost and maximizing user inclusion for network services in cost-constrained deployments. To address these problems, we propose greedy, dynamic programming, and genetic algorithm–based approaches. Experimental evaluations across diverse test cases demonstrate that the proposed methods yield optimal cost deployments while ensuring more than 95% user inclusion under cost-constrained scenarios.

FiWi （Fiber Wireless）接入网将光纤与无线接入技术相结合，旨在解决智能电网、智慧城市、物联网等业务的规模、可扩展性、规划和服务质量（QoS）等问题。这些服务实现的新兴应用对带宽的需求不断增长，对FiWi网络基础设施的规划和可扩展性提出了重大挑战。提供大规模的FiWi接入网来容纳大量的用户群，需要具有成本效益的部署方案。必须认识到，FiWi网络部署策略必须在最小化部署成本和确保可扩展性之间取得有效平衡。因此，通信基础设施的规划和可扩展性考虑已成为研究兴趣的关键领域。基于这一需求，本文试图解决FiWi网络部署中的两个关键问题：优化FiWi部署成本和在成本约束部署中最大化用户对网络服务的包容。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了贪心、动态规划和基于遗传算法的方法。跨不同测试用例的实验评估表明，所提出的方法产生了最优的成本部署，同时确保在成本受限的情况下超过95%的用户包含。

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引用次数: 0

Switching of soliton rain, bunches, and NLP from a thulium/holmium co-doped fiber laser using NPR 用NPR开关铥/钬共掺光纤激光器中的孤子雨、束和NLP

IF 2.7 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104478

Edwin Addiel Espinosa-de-la-Cruz , Manuel Durán-Sánchez , Ulises Alcántara-Bautista , Alejandro Reyes-Mora , Adalid Ibarra-Garrido , Iván Armas-Rivera , Miguel Bello-Jiménez , L.A. Rodríguez-Morales , Baldemar Ibarra-Escamilla

An experimental study on the switching between different multipulse regimes in a Thulium/Holmium-doped fiber (THDF) laser is reported by precise control of polarization controllers. Gaussian and square-shaped noise-like pulses (NLPs) and multiple solitons (MS), including soliton rains (SRs) and soliton bunches (SBs), are generated by the nonlinear polarization rotation technique (NPR) and by employing a double-pass amplifier (DPA) configuration. The study examines the role of polarization controllers and pump power in driving the transitions between these regimes, with a detailed analysis of their temporal and spectral characteristics under different pump powers. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first demonstration of switching among SR, SB, conventional NLPs, and the coexistence of square-shaped NLP with MS within a hybrid cavity configuration that combines NPR and a DPA. The system operates with a tunable central wavelength ranging from 1984 to 1993 nm, employing a THDF as the gain medium. This investigation provides new insights into the transitions between various multi-pulse regimes and nonlinear dynamics in mode-locked fiber lasers operating near the 2-µm wavelength region.

本文报道了通过精确控制偏振控制器实现掺铥/掺钬光纤激光器多脉冲切换的实验研究。采用非线性极化旋转技术（NPR）和双通放大器（DPA）结构产生高斯和方形类噪声脉冲（nlp）和多孤子（MS），包括孤子雨（SRs）和孤子束（SBs）。该研究考察了极化控制器和泵浦功率在驱动这些状态之间转换中的作用，并详细分析了它们在不同泵浦功率下的时间和光谱特性。据作者所知，这是第一次在SR， SB，传统NLP之间切换，以及在结合NPR和DPA的混合腔结构中方形NLP与MS共存的演示。该系统工作在一个可调谐的中心波长范围从1984到1993 nm，采用THDF作为增益介质。这项研究为在2µm波长区域附近工作的锁模光纤激光器的各种多脉冲状态和非线性动力学之间的转换提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Linewidth reduction of a thulium-holmium co-doped fiber laser to sub-kHz using self-injection locking with an external sub-ring 利用带外子环的自注入锁紧将铥-钬共掺光纤激光器的线宽减小到亚khz

IF 2.7 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104448

Dandan Yang , Fengping Yan , Qi Qin , Ting Li , Chenhao Yu , Xiangdong Wang , Hao Guo , Yuezhi Cai , Wenjie Ji , Youchao Jiang , Qiuyu Huang , Siyu Peng , Ting Feng

In this paper, a self-injection locking technique combining a delay fiber and sub-ring is proposed for the linewidth compression of a single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) laser in the 1.94 µm band. The laser output with an optical signal-to-noise ratio of 74.1 dB and linewidth less than 1 kHz is obtained. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, the feedback cavity, which exhibits excellent linewidth compression, was formed by the combination of a sub-ring and delay fiber and has been experimentally demonstrated for the first time. This narrow linewidth SLM fiber laser is highly competitive in advanced coherent light detection fields including coherent Doppler wind lidar, high-speed coherent optical communication, and precise absolute distance coherent measurement.

本文提出了一种结合延迟光纤和子环的自注入锁定技术，用于1.94 µm波段单纵模（SLM）激光器的线宽压缩。得到了光信噪比为74.1 dB、线宽小于1 kHz的激光输出。此外，据我们所知，通过子环和延迟光纤的组合形成了具有良好线宽压缩性能的反馈腔，并首次在实验中得到了证明。这种窄线宽SLM光纤激光器在相干多普勒风激光雷达、高速相干光通信、精确绝对距离相干测量等先进相干光探测领域具有很强的竞争力。

引用次数: 0

A label-free micro-nano optical fiber based on the detection of myocardial biomarkers with high birefringence 一种基于高双折射心肌生物标志物检测的无标签微纳光纤

IF 2.7 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104475

Wa jin, Xiaoqing liu, Xiong gao

In the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cardiac troponin I serves as the preferred biomarker. Owing to its extremely low diagnostic cutoff concentration in blood, high requirements are imposed on detection sensitivity. In this study, a label-free sensing probe for myocardial injury markers based on high birefringence (Hi-Bi) micro-nano fiber was proposed. Refractive index experiments were conducted using sensing probes with different dimensions. Eventually, a sensing fiber with a diameter of approximately 8.1 μm and a refractive index sensitivity of 1925.4 nm/RIU was selected for the detection of cTn-I at different concentrations. The variation law of spectral wavelength during the binding reaction between cTn-I antigen and antibody, as well as the dynamic response curves of cTn-I antigens at different concentrations, were investigated. A relationship curve between cTn-I antigen concentration and wavelength variation was established, and the limit of detection of the sensor for cTn-I concentration was calculated to be as low as 4.3 pg/mL. This study explores a novel and high-precision approach for cTn-I detection.

在急性心肌梗死（AMI）的诊断中，心肌肌钙蛋白I是首选的生物标志物。由于其在血液中的诊断截止浓度极低，对检测灵敏度提出了很高的要求。本研究提出了一种基于高双折射（Hi-Bi）微纳纤维的无标记心肌损伤标志物传感探针。利用不同尺寸的传感探头进行折射率实验。最终选择了直径约8.1 μm、折射率灵敏度为1925.4 nm/RIU的传感光纤，用于检测不同浓度的ctn - 1。研究了ctn - 1抗原与抗体结合反应时光谱波长的变化规律，以及不同浓度下ctn - 1抗原的动态响应曲线。建立ctn - 1抗原浓度与波长变化的关系曲线，计算该传感器对ctn - 1浓度的检出限低至4.3 pg/mL。本研究探索了一种新颖、高精度的cTn-I检测方法。

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引用次数: 0

Harmonic Mode-Locked pulse generation via multimode interference in Graded-Index multimode fiber within an Erbium-Doped fiber laser 掺铒光纤激光器中梯度折射率多模光纤多模干涉产生谐波锁模脉冲

IF 2.7 3区计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Optical Fiber Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104474

Nurul Izzah S. Wadi , Yu Chen , Ahmed Nady , Ahmad Haziq A. Rosol , Anas A. Latiff , Muhammad Imran M.A. Khudus , Ahmad Shuhaimi A. Bakar

In this work, harmonic mode-locked (HML) pulses were generated in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) using the multimode interference (MMI) effect within a simple interferometer formed by sandwiching a graded-index multimode fiber (GIMF) between two standard single-mode fibers (SMFs). The core diameter mismatch between the SMF and GIMF induces MMI and enables efficient coupling of high-intensity light, effectively replicating the behavior of a saturable absorber (SA). Fundamental soliton pulses with a repetition rate of 20.89 MHz and a maximum pulse energy of 0.23 nJ were obtained within a pump range of 23.18 to 66.23 mW. As the pump power increased above 66.23 up to 103.12 mW, the laser transitioned to second-order harmonic mode-locking, doubling the repetition rate to 41.70 MHz. This transition arises from gain depletion and pulse peak clamping within the cavity, leading to pulse splitting and harmonic generation. The HML pulses operated at 1573.8 nm with a duration of 290 fs and an exceptionally high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 80 dB, confirming excellent stability. The cost-effective and compact SMF–GIMF–SMF structure thus offers a promising route toward sustainable, high-performance photonic systems for future industrial applications.

在这项工作中，利用在两个标准单模光纤（smf）之间夹入渐变折射率多模光纤（GIMF）形成的简单干涉仪内的多模干涉（MMI）效应，在掺铒光纤激光器（EDFL）中产生谐波锁模（HML）脉冲。SMF和GIMF之间的芯径不匹配导致了MMI，并实现了高强度光的有效耦合，有效地复制了可饱和吸收器（SA）的行为。在23.18 ~ 66.23 mW的泵浦范围内，获得了重复频率为20.89 MHz、最大脉冲能量为0.23 nJ的基本孤子脉冲。当泵浦功率从66.23增加到103.12 mW时，激光转变为二阶谐波锁模，重复频率增加一倍，达到41.70 MHz。这种转变源于增益损耗和腔内脉冲峰箝位，导致脉冲分裂和谐波产生。HML脉冲的工作波长为1573.8 nm，持续时间为290 fs，信噪比（SNR）高达80 dB，证实了出色的稳定性。因此，具有成本效益和紧凑型的SMF-GIMF-SMF结构为未来工业应用的可持续高性能光子系统提供了一条有前途的途径。

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引用次数: 0