Biraj Shrestha, I. Vlachos, J. Adkinson, L. Iasemidis
Motor imagery and motor movement are two distinct tasks with underlying similar neurological mechanisms. We sought to identify the electroencephalographic (EEG) differences between real and imaginary hand movements. Phase Locking Value (PLV) was employed to estimate brain's connectivity and create a network that was then studied on the basis of brain region centrality. We observed that the frontal/prefrontal cortex exhibits higher centrality in the θ band during motor movement than motor imagery tasks. Additionally, difference between left and right hand tasks was observed in the μ band at the somatosensory association cortex post-tasks' completion. These preliminary results indicate that, by proper EEG analysis, it may be possible to distinguish between motor imagery and motor movement.
{"title":"Distinguishing Motor Imagery from Motor Movement Using Phase Locking Value and Eigenvector Centrality","authors":"Biraj Shrestha, I. Vlachos, J. Adkinson, L. Iasemidis","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.46","url":null,"abstract":"Motor imagery and motor movement are two distinct tasks with underlying similar neurological mechanisms. We sought to identify the electroencephalographic (EEG) differences between real and imaginary hand movements. Phase Locking Value (PLV) was employed to estimate brain's connectivity and create a network that was then studied on the basis of brain region centrality. We observed that the frontal/prefrontal cortex exhibits higher centrality in the θ band during motor movement than motor imagery tasks. Additionally, difference between left and right hand tasks was observed in the μ band at the somatosensory association cortex post-tasks' completion. These preliminary results indicate that, by proper EEG analysis, it may be possible to distinguish between motor imagery and motor movement.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114605916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rickettsial diseases (RD) are widely distributed in the world and account for seasonal outbreaks and epidemics. The greatest challenge to clinicians is diagnosing RD at early phases when antibiotic therapy is most effective. This burgeoning problem is further compounded by the unavailability of rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for RD. The focus of this poster will be development and optimization of dielectrophoresis-enhanced microfluidic impedance biosensing (DEP-e-MIB) assay to detect the pathogenic cells in sera. In DEP-e-MIB assays, pathogens are labeled with a DEP label (polystyrene beads) and then injected into the DEP-e-MIB chip for capture of the labeled pathogens and reading impedance changes at the interdigitated electrodes. We have seen detection down to 10^5 cells. However, minor reduction in nonspecific binding can lead to large increment in signal to noise ratio. Specifically, we show how to reduce in the non-specific binding of immunobeads to the electrodes through the choice of bead surface chemistry (epoxy, carboxylate, and aldehyde), and the co-immobilization of polyethylene glycol with antibodies at the electrodes and the beads. Further we also show how this non-specific binding is affected by the use of DEP.
{"title":"Point-of-Care Microelectronic Diagnostics for Early Phase Rickettsial Infections","authors":"Wenli Zhang, A. Radadia","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.102","url":null,"abstract":"Rickettsial diseases (RD) are widely distributed in the world and account for seasonal outbreaks and epidemics. The greatest challenge to clinicians is diagnosing RD at early phases when antibiotic therapy is most effective. This burgeoning problem is further compounded by the unavailability of rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for RD. The focus of this poster will be development and optimization of dielectrophoresis-enhanced microfluidic impedance biosensing (DEP-e-MIB) assay to detect the pathogenic cells in sera. In DEP-e-MIB assays, pathogens are labeled with a DEP label (polystyrene beads) and then injected into the DEP-e-MIB chip for capture of the labeled pathogens and reading impedance changes at the interdigitated electrodes. We have seen detection down to 10^5 cells. However, minor reduction in nonspecific binding can lead to large increment in signal to noise ratio. Specifically, we show how to reduce in the non-specific binding of immunobeads to the electrodes through the choice of bead surface chemistry (epoxy, carboxylate, and aldehyde), and the co-immobilization of polyethylene glycol with antibodies at the electrodes and the beads. Further we also show how this non-specific binding is affected by the use of DEP.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128679977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pervasive health biomedical devices are presently trending towards supplementary usage with smart phones, tablets and wearable gadgets to complement their ubiquitous roles in monitoring and diagnostic applications. In this paper, detailed design and development of a user-friendly mobile app using MIT App Inventor 2 software is explained, where emphasis is placed on building a graphical user interface (GUI) to provide the stage for real-time data acquisition and quality visualization (plotting) of photoplethysmography (PPG) data and their spectra on a smart device. Brief review of wireless networking and serial communications is also presented. PPG is modeled in a laboratory environment, where blood volume measurement is obtained via light absorption and reflectance through arterial pulse in the finger by an infrared LED source and optical sensor. A low-power microcontroller is implemented to control and digitize the analog PPG signal, characterized by a pulse oximeter waveform. Investigation of how this valuable biopotential data can be wirelessly transferred from the PPG device via a Bluetooth or WiFi module to a beaconing smart device is pursued. Following a research-driven approach and systematic process, the PPG raw data is amplified and filtered, transmitted and collected wirelessly, then further analyzed to derive the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) signal. Utilizing an advanced tool for studying the variability of heart beat intervals, namely Kubios software, the HRV data was validated for its accuracy in its computation and generation of quantitative markers indicative of the autonomic nervous system's (ANS) influence on the cardiovascular system, particularly the stress response.
{"title":"Development of Mobile Apps for Wireless Sensor Data Acquisition and Visualization of Biopotentials","authors":"Christopher Aguilar, M. Ghamari, H. Nazeran","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.23","url":null,"abstract":"Pervasive health biomedical devices are presently trending towards supplementary usage with smart phones, tablets and wearable gadgets to complement their ubiquitous roles in monitoring and diagnostic applications. In this paper, detailed design and development of a user-friendly mobile app using MIT App Inventor 2 software is explained, where emphasis is placed on building a graphical user interface (GUI) to provide the stage for real-time data acquisition and quality visualization (plotting) of photoplethysmography (PPG) data and their spectra on a smart device. Brief review of wireless networking and serial communications is also presented. PPG is modeled in a laboratory environment, where blood volume measurement is obtained via light absorption and reflectance through arterial pulse in the finger by an infrared LED source and optical sensor. A low-power microcontroller is implemented to control and digitize the analog PPG signal, characterized by a pulse oximeter waveform. Investigation of how this valuable biopotential data can be wirelessly transferred from the PPG device via a Bluetooth or WiFi module to a beaconing smart device is pursued. Following a research-driven approach and systematic process, the PPG raw data is amplified and filtered, transmitted and collected wirelessly, then further analyzed to derive the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) signal. Utilizing an advanced tool for studying the variability of heart beat intervals, namely Kubios software, the HRV data was validated for its accuracy in its computation and generation of quantitative markers indicative of the autonomic nervous system's (ANS) influence on the cardiovascular system, particularly the stress response.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130904286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren R. Molaison, Oluwakemi A. Ojala, S. J. Warren, Carl Mcintyre, Charles E. Taylor
Mammalian blood is a non-Newtonian fluid that decreases in viscosity as the shear rate increases. This complex behavior of the fluid contributes heavily to the complex flow patterns that affect circulatory assist devices. In order to adequately verify these devices in an in vitro setting, a substitute fluid must be used that delivers a level of fidelity that makes the experimental results relevant. Traditional formulations have been based on natural products (e.g. Xanthan Gum) and have required large dilutions (e.g. PMMA). Both of these factors have made the use of these analogs unreliable and difficult to accurately construct, respectively. A new formulation is proposed that addresses the issues of solution reliability and robustness in construction. The formulation is comprised of silicon dioxide and polyalphaolefin. The former is a powder mix and the latter is a solution. The mixing quantities do not require analytical grade equipment to formulate the proper solution within an industry accepted range of error. The liquid system also exhibits a high level of clarity, which makes it compatible with imaging methods used to visualize the flow patterns of the fluid using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Presentation of the liquid system and rheological data will be delivered to support this study's conclusion that this solution is a more adequately suited blood analog for in vitro flow studies of the cardiovascular system.
{"title":"Characterization of a Shear Thinning Fluid System for Cardiovascular Medical Device Assessment","authors":"Lauren R. Molaison, Oluwakemi A. Ojala, S. J. Warren, Carl Mcintyre, Charles E. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.89","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian blood is a non-Newtonian fluid that decreases in viscosity as the shear rate increases. This complex behavior of the fluid contributes heavily to the complex flow patterns that affect circulatory assist devices. In order to adequately verify these devices in an in vitro setting, a substitute fluid must be used that delivers a level of fidelity that makes the experimental results relevant. Traditional formulations have been based on natural products (e.g. Xanthan Gum) and have required large dilutions (e.g. PMMA). Both of these factors have made the use of these analogs unreliable and difficult to accurately construct, respectively. A new formulation is proposed that addresses the issues of solution reliability and robustness in construction. The formulation is comprised of silicon dioxide and polyalphaolefin. The former is a powder mix and the latter is a solution. The mixing quantities do not require analytical grade equipment to formulate the proper solution within an industry accepted range of error. The liquid system also exhibits a high level of clarity, which makes it compatible with imaging methods used to visualize the flow patterns of the fluid using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Presentation of the liquid system and rheological data will be delivered to support this study's conclusion that this solution is a more adequately suited blood analog for in vitro flow studies of the cardiovascular system.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125647886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad M. Kamal, Ahmed Abu Fayyad, A. Alayoubi, John F. Anderson, S. Satyanarayanajois, P. Sylvester, S. Nazzal
Summary form only given. Among two groups of components of Vitamine E, tocopherols and tocotrienols (T3), T3 shown to have anticancer property. It has been also reported that T3 potentiate the anticancer activity of some other drugs including statins when delivered simultaneously. Therefore, our study was designed to formulate a stable nanoemulsion as platform for simultaneous delivery of T3 and Simvastatin and evaluate the antiproliferative activity of the nanoemulsion against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human mammary tumor cells. Nanoemuslion were prepared by high pressure homogenization where 9% w/w Simvastatin was loaded in T3 and medium chain triglyceride 70/30 blend. Mixture of primary and secondary emulsifier with DI water was used as aqueous phase. The size of the droplets was about 200nm and zeta potential was -45mV. Morphology were investigated with scanning transmission electron microscopy and found spherical or spheroidal in shape. Stability of the formulation was observed for 6 months and found stable with no loss in simvastatin loading. It has been found that, approximately 20% of Simvastatin was released in 24hrs at 37°C under sink condition. The IC50 of the T3-Simvastatin combination nanoemuslion was found 10.3 μM for MCF-7 and 4.8 μM for MDA-MB-231 cells which is significantly lower than T3 nanoemulsion which showed IC50 of 14 μM and 7 μM and Simvastatin alone which showed IC50 of 19 μM and 8 μM for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells consecutively. The present study demonstrate that, parenteral lipid nanoemulsion is a promising platform for simultaneous delivery of anticancer drugs.
{"title":"Simultaneous Delivery of Tocotrienols and Simvastatin by Lipid Nanoemulsion: A Promising Approach for Enhanced Antitumor Activity Against Human Mammary Adenocarcinoma Cells","authors":"Mohammad M. Kamal, Ahmed Abu Fayyad, A. Alayoubi, John F. Anderson, S. Satyanarayanajois, P. Sylvester, S. Nazzal","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.14","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Among two groups of components of Vitamine E, tocopherols and tocotrienols (T3), T3 shown to have anticancer property. It has been also reported that T3 potentiate the anticancer activity of some other drugs including statins when delivered simultaneously. Therefore, our study was designed to formulate a stable nanoemulsion as platform for simultaneous delivery of T3 and Simvastatin and evaluate the antiproliferative activity of the nanoemulsion against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human mammary tumor cells. Nanoemuslion were prepared by high pressure homogenization where 9% w/w Simvastatin was loaded in T3 and medium chain triglyceride 70/30 blend. Mixture of primary and secondary emulsifier with DI water was used as aqueous phase. The size of the droplets was about 200nm and zeta potential was -45mV. Morphology were investigated with scanning transmission electron microscopy and found spherical or spheroidal in shape. Stability of the formulation was observed for 6 months and found stable with no loss in simvastatin loading. It has been found that, approximately 20% of Simvastatin was released in 24hrs at 37°C under sink condition. The IC50 of the T3-Simvastatin combination nanoemuslion was found 10.3 μM for MCF-7 and 4.8 μM for MDA-MB-231 cells which is significantly lower than T3 nanoemulsion which showed IC50 of 14 μM and 7 μM and Simvastatin alone which showed IC50 of 19 μM and 8 μM for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells consecutively. The present study demonstrate that, parenteral lipid nanoemulsion is a promising platform for simultaneous delivery of anticancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131188607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report novel synthesis for composites under physiological conditions, resulting in high-aspect ratio structures (HARS). These HARS contain copper and cystine. They are extremely stable in dry or liquid form, and have very low agglomeration. Diameters of the HARS range up from 20 nm, and length scales from nanometers to micrometers. Copper in the HARS imparts potential biological applications as copper has antimicrobial and anti-cancer effects. These HARS are degradable once interacting with cells, indicating potential new avenues for drug delivery.
{"title":"Novel Scalable Nano-and Micro-High-Aspect Ratio Structure (HARS) Biocomposites Generated under Physiological Conditions","authors":"M. DeCoster","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.72","url":null,"abstract":"We report novel synthesis for composites under physiological conditions, resulting in high-aspect ratio structures (HARS). These HARS contain copper and cystine. They are extremely stable in dry or liquid form, and have very low agglomeration. Diameters of the HARS range up from 20 nm, and length scales from nanometers to micrometers. Copper in the HARS imparts potential biological applications as copper has antimicrobial and anti-cancer effects. These HARS are degradable once interacting with cells, indicating potential new avenues for drug delivery.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114170386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many cofounding factors affect the health of the oral cavity. Clinicians must be aware of medications that can affect the periodontium. In addition, there must be a thorough knowledge of interactions that may be resultant due to interactions between a disease state and medications. Two of the most common infections of the oral cavity are dental caries and periodontal disease. Each alone negatively impacts the health of patients; however, in combination the effects may be detrimental. Previous studies have examined the outcomes of fibroblast morphology when exposed to the combination of dental adhesives and Nifedipine. The aim of the study was to utilize biochemical analyses as a predictor of structural alterations of fibroblasts exposed to adhesives in combination with Nifedipine and the periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. The fibroblasts were exposed to 0.1g of dental adhesives (PMMA, OptiBond®, and Prime & Bond®) in combination with Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide (2μL) and Nifedipine (10μL) for 48 Hours. Biocinchonic acid assay (BCA), reduced glutathione, and lactate dehydrogenase were the biochemical analyses utilized. When assessing metabolic activity, oxidative stress levels, and membrane damage, there were significant differences amongst the experimental groups compared to the control (P<;0.001). Morphological assessment was done utilizing the Hematoxylin and Eosin staining method. The experimental groups appeared similar to the control. There was no significant morphological alterations to the structural integrity of the observed fibroblasts; therefore the use of biochemical analyses was an effective predictor for structural alterations of the fibroblasts exposed to dental adhesives in combination with Nifedipine.
{"title":"Utilizing Biochemical Analyses as a Predictor for Structural Alterations of Fibroblasts Exposed to Adhesives in Combination with Nifedipine and Periodontal Pathogens","authors":"A. Garner, M. Tucci, H. Benghuzzi","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.45","url":null,"abstract":"Many cofounding factors affect the health of the oral cavity. Clinicians must be aware of medications that can affect the periodontium. In addition, there must be a thorough knowledge of interactions that may be resultant due to interactions between a disease state and medications. Two of the most common infections of the oral cavity are dental caries and periodontal disease. Each alone negatively impacts the health of patients; however, in combination the effects may be detrimental. Previous studies have examined the outcomes of fibroblast morphology when exposed to the combination of dental adhesives and Nifedipine. The aim of the study was to utilize biochemical analyses as a predictor of structural alterations of fibroblasts exposed to adhesives in combination with Nifedipine and the periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. The fibroblasts were exposed to 0.1g of dental adhesives (PMMA, OptiBond®, and Prime & Bond®) in combination with Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide (2μL) and Nifedipine (10μL) for 48 Hours. Biocinchonic acid assay (BCA), reduced glutathione, and lactate dehydrogenase were the biochemical analyses utilized. When assessing metabolic activity, oxidative stress levels, and membrane damage, there were significant differences amongst the experimental groups compared to the control (P<;0.001). Morphological assessment was done utilizing the Hematoxylin and Eosin staining method. The experimental groups appeared similar to the control. There was no significant morphological alterations to the structural integrity of the observed fibroblasts; therefore the use of biochemical analyses was an effective predictor for structural alterations of the fibroblasts exposed to dental adhesives in combination with Nifedipine.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129711953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasan Siddiqui, J. Jimenez-shahed, A. Viswanathan, N. Ince
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery involves placing an electrode in the subthalamic nucleus to suppress the motor symptoms, such as tremor, of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently physicians use the standard Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) to describe the tremor intraoperatively and post operatively. This scale involves subjective anchor-based observations by the clinical expert. In this study, a wireless accelerometer system is presented that was built from off the shelf components to objectively quantify tremor scores. The system consists of a Teensy 3.1 microcontroller and two 3-axis accelerometers. It wirelessly transmits the readings through a Bluetooth module. The data is received by a custom C++ program that parses and transmits the data. The system is used to record data from patients with PD during and after DBS surgery. We show example data recorded from several PD patients and study the correlation of sensor readings with the DBS ON and OFF states. We provide initial data showing that such a system can be effectively used in the clinic for the objective quantification of motor symptoms of PD patients.
{"title":"A Wireless Sensor Interface for the Quantification of Tremor Using Off the Shelf Components","authors":"Hasan Siddiqui, J. Jimenez-shahed, A. Viswanathan, N. Ince","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.63","url":null,"abstract":"Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery involves placing an electrode in the subthalamic nucleus to suppress the motor symptoms, such as tremor, of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently physicians use the standard Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) to describe the tremor intraoperatively and post operatively. This scale involves subjective anchor-based observations by the clinical expert. In this study, a wireless accelerometer system is presented that was built from off the shelf components to objectively quantify tremor scores. The system consists of a Teensy 3.1 microcontroller and two 3-axis accelerometers. It wirelessly transmits the readings through a Bluetooth module. The data is received by a custom C++ program that parses and transmits the data. The system is used to record data from patients with PD during and after DBS surgery. We show example data recorded from several PD patients and study the correlation of sensor readings with the DBS ON and OFF states. We provide initial data showing that such a system can be effectively used in the clinic for the objective quantification of motor symptoms of PD patients.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127217755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers are becoming more frequent in everyday use. These types of 3D printers are extremely useful for rapid prototyping. Fused deposition modeling printing melts the printing material and extrudes it through a nozzle. The material is laid out in a layer by layer fashion until the object is completed printing. Two common types of filament used in FDM printing are Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Some properties that can change the strength of 3D printed piece are things such as infill percentage, layer height, print orientation, extruding temperature, and build speed to name a few. Infill percentage and print orientation were tested to determine the mechanical strength of the material. The infill percentage varied from 20%-100% by increments of 20%. The goal of this project was to analyze the mechanical strength of PLA being printed in various orientations and infill percentages.
{"title":"Mechanical Strength of 3-D Printed Filaments","authors":"Francois Decuir, Kelsey Phelan, B. C. Hollins","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.101","url":null,"abstract":"Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers are becoming more frequent in everyday use. These types of 3D printers are extremely useful for rapid prototyping. Fused deposition modeling printing melts the printing material and extrudes it through a nozzle. The material is laid out in a layer by layer fashion until the object is completed printing. Two common types of filament used in FDM printing are Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Some properties that can change the strength of 3D printed piece are things such as infill percentage, layer height, print orientation, extruding temperature, and build speed to name a few. Infill percentage and print orientation were tested to determine the mechanical strength of the material. The infill percentage varied from 20%-100% by increments of 20%. The goal of this project was to analyze the mechanical strength of PLA being printed in various orientations and infill percentages.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129099674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer D. Thibodeaux, Ronnie W. Kisor, Jacob M. King, Charles E. Taylor
Summary form only given. The highly pulsatile flow conditions in the arch of aorta and the branching nature of this anatomy create a complex flow regime that catheter-based surgical devices and left heart medical devices may impact. Disturbance of flow to the carotid arteries, which lead to the brain, may result in hypoxic conditions or elevated blood pressure that may result in stroke. The severity of these issues necessitates a practical means of replicating the flow rate in the bifurcations of the aorta, within a mock circulatory system (MCS). In this research, this problem was addressed by analyzing the effects of precisely controlling a series of four pinch valves in order to replicate the blood flow in the branches of the aorta and into the brachial and carotid arteries. Following a verification and validation (V&V) methodology, a PID controlled, closed loop, hydraulic system was created using Simulink® SimscapeTM. Subsequently, empirical testing of this method was conducted in a benchtop hydraulic loop with a 3D printed arch of aorta. Utilizing this approach, the flow rate through the branching arteries were controlled, via a microcontroller. The pressure differential across each pinch valve was characterized with respect to the position of the pinch valve, providing data which allowed the flow rate to be determined in run time for both steady state settings, as well as time variant conditions. Empirical verification of the aortic bifurcation simulator's performance and validation of the control architecture support this methodology as an effective means of reproducing the complex dynamics of aortic flow.
{"title":"Flow Control Device for Branching Arteries of the Aortic Arch in a Mock Circulatory Loop","authors":"Jennifer D. Thibodeaux, Ronnie W. Kisor, Jacob M. King, Charles E. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.51","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The highly pulsatile flow conditions in the arch of aorta and the branching nature of this anatomy create a complex flow regime that catheter-based surgical devices and left heart medical devices may impact. Disturbance of flow to the carotid arteries, which lead to the brain, may result in hypoxic conditions or elevated blood pressure that may result in stroke. The severity of these issues necessitates a practical means of replicating the flow rate in the bifurcations of the aorta, within a mock circulatory system (MCS). In this research, this problem was addressed by analyzing the effects of precisely controlling a series of four pinch valves in order to replicate the blood flow in the branches of the aorta and into the brachial and carotid arteries. Following a verification and validation (V&V) methodology, a PID controlled, closed loop, hydraulic system was created using Simulink® SimscapeTM. Subsequently, empirical testing of this method was conducted in a benchtop hydraulic loop with a 3D printed arch of aorta. Utilizing this approach, the flow rate through the branching arteries were controlled, via a microcontroller. The pressure differential across each pinch valve was characterized with respect to the position of the pinch valve, providing data which allowed the flow rate to be determined in run time for both steady state settings, as well as time variant conditions. Empirical verification of the aortic bifurcation simulator's performance and validation of the control architecture support this methodology as an effective means of reproducing the complex dynamics of aortic flow.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128933055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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