Biomedical technology promises to improve our health and well-being. Curiously, some promising technologies have threatened our sacrosanct right to privacy, offended our disabled citizens, and provided fodder for our tort system. A novel course, Impacts of Biomedical Innovations, challenges students to critically evaluate existing medical devices and biomedical technologies, including their benefits, and intended and unintended effects on healthcare and legal systems, public policy, and society. Later, students apply what they have learned to assess novel and emerging technologies. Furthermore, they discover ways scientists, legislators, lawyers, ethicists, industry leaders and engineers address biomedical device and technology issues. Ethical issues have been woven into class discussions and coursework. For example, students examined healthcare inequities in the African American community using a set of videotaped talks given by a civil rights lawyer, a surgeon and a biomedical engineer. The students then created discussion guides for use with these videos. In another example, students debated whether or not biomedical engineers should create devices to aid in judicial executions. This debate involved discussions of whether or not it is ethical to end the life of another human being, and if biomedical engineers should be bound by the Hippocratic oath. This course has been taught four times at the undergraduate and/or graduate level. At the graduate level, students select the last four topics. The methodology used in this class ranged from small group discussions to mock Congressional testimonies. Sample topics and methodologies used in this course will be presented in this talk.
{"title":"Novel \"Impacts of Biomedical Innovations\" Course Integrates Ethics","authors":"T. Murray","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.44","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical technology promises to improve our health and well-being. Curiously, some promising technologies have threatened our sacrosanct right to privacy, offended our disabled citizens, and provided fodder for our tort system. A novel course, Impacts of Biomedical Innovations, challenges students to critically evaluate existing medical devices and biomedical technologies, including their benefits, and intended and unintended effects on healthcare and legal systems, public policy, and society. Later, students apply what they have learned to assess novel and emerging technologies. Furthermore, they discover ways scientists, legislators, lawyers, ethicists, industry leaders and engineers address biomedical device and technology issues. Ethical issues have been woven into class discussions and coursework. For example, students examined healthcare inequities in the African American community using a set of videotaped talks given by a civil rights lawyer, a surgeon and a biomedical engineer. The students then created discussion guides for use with these videos. In another example, students debated whether or not biomedical engineers should create devices to aid in judicial executions. This debate involved discussions of whether or not it is ethical to end the life of another human being, and if biomedical engineers should be bound by the Hippocratic oath. This course has been taught four times at the undergraduate and/or graduate level. At the graduate level, students select the last four topics. The methodology used in this class ranged from small group discussions to mock Congressional testimonies. Sample topics and methodologies used in this course will be presented in this talk.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"313 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120847841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raman Spectroscopy provides a non-invasive approach to study cells and tissues, and its ability to provide biochemical composition information of samples shows great importance for the research, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, conventional Raman Spectroscopy suffers from weak signal strength observed in many biological samples. Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) can overcome this disadvantage with the presence of roughened nano-dimensional noble-metal surfaces. In order to study the role of integrins in breast cancer invasiveness, gold nanostars were conjugated with cyclo-RGDf/k peptide for targeting integrins on breast cancer cells and high-speed Raman mapping was employed to assess the samples. Due to the high dimensionality of the datasets collected through SERRS, we have proposed a semi-supervised framework combining feature selection and classification techniques for nanostars detection and tested our method on a breast cancer cells. The results show the advantage of our framework over other data mining technique and potentially provide a new method for evaluating the role of integrins in tumor development. Also, the features selected can possibly be used for further studies on compositional changes observed during the process of breast cancer progression and metastasis.
{"title":"Detecting Silica-Coated Gold Nanostars within Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Mapping via Semi-Supervised Framework Combining Feature Selection and Classification","authors":"Jiaxing Pi, Michael B. Fenn, P. Pardalos","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.27","url":null,"abstract":"Raman Spectroscopy provides a non-invasive approach to study cells and tissues, and its ability to provide biochemical composition information of samples shows great importance for the research, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, conventional Raman Spectroscopy suffers from weak signal strength observed in many biological samples. Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS) can overcome this disadvantage with the presence of roughened nano-dimensional noble-metal surfaces. In order to study the role of integrins in breast cancer invasiveness, gold nanostars were conjugated with cyclo-RGDf/k peptide for targeting integrins on breast cancer cells and high-speed Raman mapping was employed to assess the samples. Due to the high dimensionality of the datasets collected through SERRS, we have proposed a semi-supervised framework combining feature selection and classification techniques for nanostars detection and tested our method on a breast cancer cells. The results show the advantage of our framework over other data mining technique and potentially provide a new method for evaluating the role of integrins in tumor development. Also, the features selected can possibly be used for further studies on compositional changes observed during the process of breast cancer progression and metastasis.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114802541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary form only given. Ultrasound is an excellent modality for initial imaging of suspected Achilles tendon pathology because of patient comfort during the examination, availability, and accuracy of the test in expert hands. This study was designed with an aim to measure Achilles tendons length, thickness, and cross sectional area in asymptomatic Saudi subjects to investigate possible changes of these measurements with different ages. A Hundred asymptomatic male between the ages of 14 and 65 years, mean age of 25±1.7 years were scanned. Ultrasound scans for Achilles tendons was performed using Hitachi HI Vision Avius ultrasound machine. Ultrasound scanning protocols met the standards established by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) to measure Achilles tendons length, thickness, and cross sectional area. The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the results. In the 100 Achilles tendons, the length, thickness, and cross sectional area was 109.6 ± 2.1 mm, 4.1 ± 0.7 mm, and 53.9 ± 1.1 mm2 respectively. There is no significant difference between the length and thickness with the cross sectional area of the Achilles tendons among different ages of subjects (P ≥ 0.05). In males less than 45 years, Achilles tendons cross sectional area was significantly smaller than that in males of older age (P ≤ 0.05). Variations of the tendons morphological characteristics should be considered in the clinical diagnosis. Additional study correlates the Achilles tendons length, thickness, and cross sectional area to subject length is suggested.
只提供摘要形式。超声对于疑似跟腱病理的初步成像是一种极好的方式，因为在检查过程中患者感到舒适，在专家手中的可用性和测试的准确性。本研究旨在测量无症状沙特受试者的跟腱长度、厚度和横截面积，以探讨这些测量值在不同年龄可能发生的变化。对年龄14 ~ 65岁的无症状男性100例进行扫描，平均年龄25±1.7岁。使用Hitachi HI Vision Avius超声机对跟腱进行超声扫描。超声扫描方案符合美国超声医学研究所(AIUM)制定的测量跟腱长度、厚度和横截面积的标准。使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)对结果进行分析。100根跟腱的长度为109.6±2.1 mm，厚度为4.1±0.7 mm，截面积为53.9±1.1 mm2。不同年龄受试者跟腱长度、厚度及截面积差异无统计学意义(P≥0.05)。45岁以下男性跟腱横截面积明显小于老年男性(P≤0.05)。临床诊断时应考虑肌腱形态特征的变化。建议进一步研究跟腱的长度、厚度和横截面积与受试者长度之间的关系。
{"title":"Achilles Tendons Measurements in Asymptomatic Saudi Subjects Using High Frequency Ultrasound","authors":"K. Alzimami, M. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.103","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Ultrasound is an excellent modality for initial imaging of suspected Achilles tendon pathology because of patient comfort during the examination, availability, and accuracy of the test in expert hands. This study was designed with an aim to measure Achilles tendons length, thickness, and cross sectional area in asymptomatic Saudi subjects to investigate possible changes of these measurements with different ages. A Hundred asymptomatic male between the ages of 14 and 65 years, mean age of 25±1.7 years were scanned. Ultrasound scans for Achilles tendons was performed using Hitachi HI Vision Avius ultrasound machine. Ultrasound scanning protocols met the standards established by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) to measure Achilles tendons length, thickness, and cross sectional area. The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze the results. In the 100 Achilles tendons, the length, thickness, and cross sectional area was 109.6 ± 2.1 mm, 4.1 ± 0.7 mm, and 53.9 ± 1.1 mm2 respectively. There is no significant difference between the length and thickness with the cross sectional area of the Achilles tendons among different ages of subjects (P ≥ 0.05). In males less than 45 years, Achilles tendons cross sectional area was significantly smaller than that in males of older age (P ≤ 0.05). Variations of the tendons morphological characteristics should be considered in the clinical diagnosis. Additional study correlates the Achilles tendons length, thickness, and cross sectional area to subject length is suggested.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115421387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calorimetric biosensors have been used for detecting various bioprocesses such as enzyme-substrate activity, protein binding activity, DNA reactions and cell metabolism. The majority of the microcalorimeter applications were proof-of-concept in nature, but having a strong potential for development for actual clinical, scientific, or commercial need. Success of these emerging experimental methodologies will be determined by such factors as the sensitivity and speed of these analyses when compared with existing technologies. These performance metrics are fundamentally related to the thermal transport through the microsystems. In this study, we present the design and fabrication of a microcalorimeter. We also characterize the impact of flow velocity affecting the thermal time constant of the microcalorimeter, steady state response of the system, and the location of the sensor in the flow stream and provide essential guidelines for the optimization of single-stream thermopile systems. The calorimeter consists of a 100μm Y-shaped channel microfluidic device, which is made by sandwiching a microscope glass slide, Kapton tape cut in the form of channel and a microscope glass coverslip, and a bismuth (Bi)antimony (Sb) thin film thermopile (Seebeck coefficient of 5.95 mV/K) integrated on the outer wall of the microscope glass coverslip. The performance of the microcalorimeter was characterized by measuring the heat released during the mixing reaction between water and ethanol. The ratio of flow rates is adjusted to change the location of the reaction zone relative to the measuring or reference junctions of the thermopile. Results indicate as the flow velocity increases the time constant to reach steady state response is decreased.
{"title":"Microscale Thermal Biosensor: Critical Design Considerations and Optimization","authors":"V. Kopparthy, N. Crews","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.36","url":null,"abstract":"Calorimetric biosensors have been used for detecting various bioprocesses such as enzyme-substrate activity, protein binding activity, DNA reactions and cell metabolism. The majority of the microcalorimeter applications were proof-of-concept in nature, but having a strong potential for development for actual clinical, scientific, or commercial need. Success of these emerging experimental methodologies will be determined by such factors as the sensitivity and speed of these analyses when compared with existing technologies. These performance metrics are fundamentally related to the thermal transport through the microsystems. In this study, we present the design and fabrication of a microcalorimeter. We also characterize the impact of flow velocity affecting the thermal time constant of the microcalorimeter, steady state response of the system, and the location of the sensor in the flow stream and provide essential guidelines for the optimization of single-stream thermopile systems. The calorimeter consists of a 100μm Y-shaped channel microfluidic device, which is made by sandwiching a microscope glass slide, Kapton tape cut in the form of channel and a microscope glass coverslip, and a bismuth (Bi)antimony (Sb) thin film thermopile (Seebeck coefficient of 5.95 mV/K) integrated on the outer wall of the microscope glass coverslip. The performance of the microcalorimeter was characterized by measuring the heat released during the mixing reaction between water and ethanol. The ratio of flow rates is adjusted to change the location of the reaction zone relative to the measuring or reference junctions of the thermopile. Results indicate as the flow velocity increases the time constant to reach steady state response is decreased.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114736754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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