Omar Abdeladl, Michelle Schleicher, Margarita Portilla, A. Shaporev, V. Reukov
Venous blood accumulation, or high levels of deoxygenated blood within a tissue, can indicate poor blood circulation and increased risk of ulceration. This condition is associated with Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease, or diabetic foot ulceration, which is classified as the most common cause for lower extremity amputation in the modern, industrialized world. Neuropathy, associated with lack of protective sensation allows patient to apply repetitive stress leading to the formation of ulcers without their knowledge. Regular inspection of the afflicted area by a physician is the best prevention method for this condition. This process requires increased scrutiny by physicians and more frequent visits by the patients. To simplify and reduce the costs of the process of examination, a low cost system for skin self-monitoring by patients was developed. A near infrared camera was built utilizing a Raspberry Pi 2.0 System in conjunction with optical filters, and image analysis tools to detect venous blood in tissues using differences in optical spectra of oxygenated versus deoxygenated blood in the near infrared (NIR) region. Tests to optimize the best wavelength of light and the best imaging conditions are being conducted to determine the optimal settings for the device. Image analysis will be used to more accurately measure the amounts of inflammation. Further development also includes the development of an interface to allow for data sharing between patients and physicians of the images and the results.
{"title":"Development of a Portable Near Infrared Camera for Early Detection of Diabetic Ulcers","authors":"Omar Abdeladl, Michelle Schleicher, Margarita Portilla, A. Shaporev, V. Reukov","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.73","url":null,"abstract":"Venous blood accumulation, or high levels of deoxygenated blood within a tissue, can indicate poor blood circulation and increased risk of ulceration. This condition is associated with Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease, or diabetic foot ulceration, which is classified as the most common cause for lower extremity amputation in the modern, industrialized world. Neuropathy, associated with lack of protective sensation allows patient to apply repetitive stress leading to the formation of ulcers without their knowledge. Regular inspection of the afflicted area by a physician is the best prevention method for this condition. This process requires increased scrutiny by physicians and more frequent visits by the patients. To simplify and reduce the costs of the process of examination, a low cost system for skin self-monitoring by patients was developed. A near infrared camera was built utilizing a Raspberry Pi 2.0 System in conjunction with optical filters, and image analysis tools to detect venous blood in tissues using differences in optical spectra of oxygenated versus deoxygenated blood in the near infrared (NIR) region. Tests to optimize the best wavelength of light and the best imaging conditions are being conducted to determine the optimal settings for the device. Image analysis will be used to more accurately measure the amounts of inflammation. Further development also includes the development of an interface to allow for data sharing between patients and physicians of the images and the results.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122122805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Liu, I. Vlachos, Bharat Karumuri, J. Adkinson, L. Iasemidis
A novel measure for analysis of multivariate signals in the time-frequency-space domain, the normalized Gabor entropy (NGE), is introduced and applied to multichannel intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings hours prior to seizures onset in two patients with focal epilepsy. NGE profiles showed a statistically significant progressive decrease of NGE values at epileptogenic focus-related channels as time for seizures occurrence approached. This result implies the progressive appearance of dominant Gabor atoms in the EEG tens of minutes prior to seizures, the detection and monitoring of which could further assist with improvement of the performance of seizure prediction algorithms.
{"title":"Normalized Gabor Entropy Analysis of iEEG for Prediction of Epileptic Seizures","authors":"Rui Liu, I. Vlachos, Bharat Karumuri, J. Adkinson, L. Iasemidis","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.20","url":null,"abstract":"A novel measure for analysis of multivariate signals in the time-frequency-space domain, the normalized Gabor entropy (NGE), is introduced and applied to multichannel intracranial EEG (iEEG) recordings hours prior to seizures onset in two patients with focal epilepsy. NGE profiles showed a statistically significant progressive decrease of NGE values at epileptogenic focus-related channels as time for seizures occurrence approached. This result implies the progressive appearance of dominant Gabor atoms in the EEG tens of minutes prior to seizures, the detection and monitoring of which could further assist with improvement of the performance of seizure prediction algorithms.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126090470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of wearable devices in health applications is not only being utilized in illness, it is also a major area of interest in fitness. Wearable devices for fitness tracking are available to consumers and can measure and calculate important fitness data trends based on movement and physiological parameters. Accelerometers are the sensors that provide information on the movement parameters of step count and distance. It is understood to obtain a distance measurement, there must be information provided about the step-to-step length but these devices typically only measure step count, and do provide the step-to-step length. The step-to-step length is based on the user's height which is input into the settings, allowing for the calculation of the distance. The intention of this study is to introduce a preliminary experiment to evaluate two different devices -- the Fitbit Flex and the Polar Loop -- for distance measurement methods, based on the step-to-step length values determined from collected device data. One measurement method uses a default stride length while the other method uses a stride speed algorithm. The step-to-step values for each device were compared to an experimental ground truth value for accuracy, which was used as a pilot for comparing the initial device data. In this preliminary study, the default stride length method provided a more accurate method for measuring the distance. A subsequent study is expected to be performed with more participants and parameters, which will be more suitable for providing a better comparison between the two devices against a ground truth.
{"title":"Assessment of Distance Measurement with Selected Wearable Devices in Telemonitoring","authors":"Zachary Schneider, J. Shahbazian, S. Krishnan","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.84","url":null,"abstract":"The use of wearable devices in health applications is not only being utilized in illness, it is also a major area of interest in fitness. Wearable devices for fitness tracking are available to consumers and can measure and calculate important fitness data trends based on movement and physiological parameters. Accelerometers are the sensors that provide information on the movement parameters of step count and distance. It is understood to obtain a distance measurement, there must be information provided about the step-to-step length but these devices typically only measure step count, and do provide the step-to-step length. The step-to-step length is based on the user's height which is input into the settings, allowing for the calculation of the distance. The intention of this study is to introduce a preliminary experiment to evaluate two different devices -- the Fitbit Flex and the Polar Loop -- for distance measurement methods, based on the step-to-step length values determined from collected device data. One measurement method uses a default stride length while the other method uses a stride speed algorithm. The step-to-step values for each device were compared to an experimental ground truth value for accuracy, which was used as a pilot for comparing the initial device data. In this preliminary study, the default stride length method provided a more accurate method for measuring the distance. A subsequent study is expected to be performed with more participants and parameters, which will be more suitable for providing a better comparison between the two devices against a ground truth.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121258484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quoc-Viet Duong, Hisham Qosa, A. Depaula, C. Flick, Trista Lebeouf, K. Hamad, Youssef M. Mousa, J. Keller, A. Kaddoumi
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known for its hallmark features such as increased levels of tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition. Cerebral vascular dysfunction constitutes an important feature of AD as well, which includes amyloid angiopathy and impaired clearance of Aβ across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the search for potential drugs that may enhance or maintain the BBB integrity and function, we screened the Sigma Lopac®1280 compound library using a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay developed in our laboratory.In the process of identifying a hit compound, an in-vitro BBB model monolayer utilizing bEnd3 cells was constructed. Compounds were first identified as hits if they were able to enhance the monolayer's integrity by decreasing Lucifer Yellow (LY) permeation. Next, hit compounds were secondary screened for their effect on BBB model function. Utilizing the same cell line, western blot analysis for major transport proteins of Aβ and the tight junction proteins ZO1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 was performed. Finally Aβ transport study was conducted to measure the effect of hit compounds on Aβ transport across the membrane.The HTS assay identified 3 unique compounds that decreased LY permeation, indicating enhancement of the in-vitro BBB model integrity. Western blot analysis showed these hit compounds to deferentially alter transport and tight junction protein expression indicating increased phenotypic function. In addition, hit compounds enhanced the Aβ transport across the monolayer in this model. In conclusion, these hit compounds are compelling candidates for further in vivo investigation in AD animal models.
{"title":"The Identification and Investigation of In-vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Enhancers","authors":"Quoc-Viet Duong, Hisham Qosa, A. Depaula, C. Flick, Trista Lebeouf, K. Hamad, Youssef M. Mousa, J. Keller, A. Kaddoumi","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.71","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known for its hallmark features such as increased levels of tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition. Cerebral vascular dysfunction constitutes an important feature of AD as well, which includes amyloid angiopathy and impaired clearance of Aβ across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the search for potential drugs that may enhance or maintain the BBB integrity and function, we screened the Sigma Lopac®1280 compound library using a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay developed in our laboratory.In the process of identifying a hit compound, an in-vitro BBB model monolayer utilizing bEnd3 cells was constructed. Compounds were first identified as hits if they were able to enhance the monolayer's integrity by decreasing Lucifer Yellow (LY) permeation. Next, hit compounds were secondary screened for their effect on BBB model function. Utilizing the same cell line, western blot analysis for major transport proteins of Aβ and the tight junction proteins ZO1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 was performed. Finally Aβ transport study was conducted to measure the effect of hit compounds on Aβ transport across the membrane.The HTS assay identified 3 unique compounds that decreased LY permeation, indicating enhancement of the in-vitro BBB model integrity. Western blot analysis showed these hit compounds to deferentially alter transport and tight junction protein expression indicating increased phenotypic function. In addition, hit compounds enhanced the Aβ transport across the monolayer in this model. In conclusion, these hit compounds are compelling candidates for further in vivo investigation in AD animal models.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132616365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chandler P. Lagarde, Lauren R. Molaison, Clint A. Bergeron, Charles E. Taylor
Anatomical variability in patient populations has presented a challenge to the verification and validation (V&V) process for medical devices. This lack of conformity is also present in the anatomical models used for device design and testing, leading to a limited ability for comparative analysis among study results. Other industries have adopted standardized models for benchmark analysis and the FDA has begun to seek conformity in the analytical tools used for flow analysis. The ability to generate anatomical models from a central source that prescribes taxonomy, much like a digital object identifier (DOI) number for a published document, would enable researchers in the medical device field to homogenize the model development process. It is possible to reconstruct these anatomies as parametric models driven by clinical measurement data. This solution presents a transformative approach to anatomical modeling by enabling large scale simulations, allowing comparative analysis, and lowering the cost barrier for smaller research groups to source these models. Investigatory models of the aorta, left ventricle and left atrium were constructed to design the appropriate parametric framework for reconstruction. The resulting models are presented as user selectable classes of patients, which are referencing lookup tables of the measurement data. Validation of this model generator method has shown acceptable results using volume subtraction analysis with models generated manually. This approach delivers a solution for anatomical model generation and traceability of test results derived from these geometries. It answers significant scientific and regulatory concerns regarding comparative analysis and creates a more egalitarian approach to developing anatomical models for medical device design.
{"title":"Anatomical Model Generator Based on Published Clinical Data on Cardiovascular Anatomy","authors":"Chandler P. Lagarde, Lauren R. Molaison, Clint A. Bergeron, Charles E. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.87","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomical variability in patient populations has presented a challenge to the verification and validation (V&V) process for medical devices. This lack of conformity is also present in the anatomical models used for device design and testing, leading to a limited ability for comparative analysis among study results. Other industries have adopted standardized models for benchmark analysis and the FDA has begun to seek conformity in the analytical tools used for flow analysis. The ability to generate anatomical models from a central source that prescribes taxonomy, much like a digital object identifier (DOI) number for a published document, would enable researchers in the medical device field to homogenize the model development process. It is possible to reconstruct these anatomies as parametric models driven by clinical measurement data. This solution presents a transformative approach to anatomical modeling by enabling large scale simulations, allowing comparative analysis, and lowering the cost barrier for smaller research groups to source these models. Investigatory models of the aorta, left ventricle and left atrium were constructed to design the appropriate parametric framework for reconstruction. The resulting models are presented as user selectable classes of patients, which are referencing lookup tables of the measurement data. Validation of this model generator method has shown acceptable results using volume subtraction analysis with models generated manually. This approach delivers a solution for anatomical model generation and traceability of test results derived from these geometries. It answers significant scientific and regulatory concerns regarding comparative analysis and creates a more egalitarian approach to developing anatomical models for medical device design.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131120961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies attaching proteins to graphene have shown modulation of its electrical characteristics, however the effect of graphene surface on the biomolecular stability has not been studied. This poster shows how immobilizing enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) on graphene affects its stability when compared to free enzymes in solution. This study is conducted on mono-/bilayer graphene, which has gained importance in developing field-effect biosensors. This study shows that HRP and GOx stability is not changed significantly by tethering them to graphene, which is contrary to present literature reports. HRP stability on graphene lasts barely 24 hours, while GOx is found to be stable past 10 days. Through modeling of enzyme deactivation as a single reaction, the overall rate order is found to be first order in case of HRP and GOx. The deactivation rate constants for both enzymes are calculated and the activation energy leading to the deactivation has been calculated. These answers are key to realizing and testing graphene based biosensors in laboratories.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Enzymatic Stability on Graphene","authors":"Bo Hou, A. Radadia","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.100","url":null,"abstract":"Studies attaching proteins to graphene have shown modulation of its electrical characteristics, however the effect of graphene surface on the biomolecular stability has not been studied. This poster shows how immobilizing enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and glucose oxidase (GOx) on graphene affects its stability when compared to free enzymes in solution. This study is conducted on mono-/bilayer graphene, which has gained importance in developing field-effect biosensors. This study shows that HRP and GOx stability is not changed significantly by tethering them to graphene, which is contrary to present literature reports. HRP stability on graphene lasts barely 24 hours, while GOx is found to be stable past 10 days. Through modeling of enzyme deactivation as a single reaction, the overall rate order is found to be first order in case of HRP and GOx. The deactivation rate constants for both enzymes are calculated and the activation energy leading to the deactivation has been calculated. These answers are key to realizing and testing graphene based biosensors in laboratories.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124221923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chelsea A. Dressel, Benjamin S. Kemp, Vladislav Voziyanov, Kayla Ponder, T. Murray
In order to image the brain of live animals, a system is required to position an animal's head under the microscope while keeping it anesthetized and warm. Most available heating systems are thick and uneven, limiting the number of microscopes they can be used with. Most available stereotaxic devices are bulky and have difficulty aligning mice across imaging sessions. We have developed an in vivo imaging support system that provides secure head fixation, gas anesthesia delivery, and warmth. The system is built around a low-profile, heated plate with a serpentine water channel connected to a heated water reservoir. Integrated into the plate are two posts for securing a head plate. The head plate is permanently glued to the skull of the mouse. This system aligns the head consistently over multiple imaging sessions. An anesthesia nose cone with an elastomeric shroud minimizes the release of anesthetic gas into the room. It securely attaches to the plate so that the whole system can be easily moved from a table top to the microscope and back again. This system is more compact than a comparable system consisting of discrete components with an immobilization frame and a traditional heated pad. Its small size allows it to be used with more microscope systems. We have used our novel system for over 40 imaging sessions. This integrated system prevents hyperthermia while securely positioning the head, and keeping them anesthetized for the duration of each 2-hr imaging session.
{"title":"In Vivo Support System for Brain Imaging in Live Mice","authors":"Chelsea A. Dressel, Benjamin S. Kemp, Vladislav Voziyanov, Kayla Ponder, T. Murray","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.31","url":null,"abstract":"In order to image the brain of live animals, a system is required to position an animal's head under the microscope while keeping it anesthetized and warm. Most available heating systems are thick and uneven, limiting the number of microscopes they can be used with. Most available stereotaxic devices are bulky and have difficulty aligning mice across imaging sessions. We have developed an in vivo imaging support system that provides secure head fixation, gas anesthesia delivery, and warmth. The system is built around a low-profile, heated plate with a serpentine water channel connected to a heated water reservoir. Integrated into the plate are two posts for securing a head plate. The head plate is permanently glued to the skull of the mouse. This system aligns the head consistently over multiple imaging sessions. An anesthesia nose cone with an elastomeric shroud minimizes the release of anesthetic gas into the room. It securely attaches to the plate so that the whole system can be easily moved from a table top to the microscope and back again. This system is more compact than a comparable system consisting of discrete components with an immobilization frame and a traditional heated pad. Its small size allows it to be used with more microscope systems. We have used our novel system for over 40 imaging sessions. This integrated system prevents hyperthermia while securely positioning the head, and keeping them anesthetized for the duration of each 2-hr imaging session.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115078673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. W. El-Saadi, L. Rivers, Xinli Tian, Hong Sun, Xiao-Hong Lu
The World Health Organization (WHO) warns neurodegenerative diseases (ND) in our aging population will sharply increase over the coming decades. Developing biological tools is paramount in the search for novel therapies to stop the onset or halt the progression of ND. We have developed a novel genetic method MACT (Mosaicism with AAV mediated Conditional Transgenesis) for single neuron analysis. MACT integrates the retrograde labelling capability of AAV and a conditional genetic reporter mouse model for sparse genetic labelling to reveal detailed morphology of different cellular types. As proof of principle, we subsequently subjected MACT mice to a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) leading to extensive neurodegeneration. Using two-photon imaging and 3-D reconstruction, we have illustrated the robust neurodegeneration of cortex pyramidal neuron, striatal medium spiny neuron and caught in action the engulfment of neurons and blood vessels by microglia. Moreover, we've documented dramatic axon degradation consistent with Wallerian pathology while the cell bodies remain intact ("dying back"), opening the possibility of therapeutic intervention. We also observed unexpected Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) positive cell bodies in the striatum, suggesting the brain responds to neurodegeneration by expressing these TH cells in an attempt to compensate for dopaminergic denervation. Most notably, we've developed a novel genetic method to visualize neuron morphology and gain a more accurate understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. MACT represents a powerful genetics method to explore therapeutic interventions, including opto-and chemo-genetics in neurodegenerative diseases in vivo.
世界卫生组织(WHO)警告说，在未来几十年里，老龄人口中神经退行性疾病(ND)的发病率将急剧上升。开发生物工具对于寻找新的治疗方法来阻止ND的发生或进展至关重要。我们开发了一种新的遗传方法MACT (Mosaicism with AAV介导的条件转化)，用于单个神经元的分析。MACT结合AAV逆行标记能力和条件遗传报告小鼠模型进行稀疏遗传标记，揭示不同细胞类型的详细形态。作为原理证明，我们随后对MACT小鼠进行大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)导致广泛的神经变性。利用双光子成像和三维重建技术，我们展示了皮层锥体神经元、纹状体中棘神经元的强大神经变性，以及小胶质细胞对神经元和血管的吞噬。此外，我们已经记录了与沃勒氏病理一致的显著轴突退化，而细胞体保持完整(“死亡”)，开启了治疗干预的可能性。我们还在纹状体中观察到意想不到的酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)阳性细胞体，这表明大脑通过表达这些TH细胞来补偿多巴胺能失神经支配，从而对神经变性做出反应。最值得注意的是，我们开发了一种新的遗传方法来可视化神经元形态，并更准确地了解神经变性的细胞机制。MACT代表了一种强大的遗传学方法来探索治疗干预，包括体内神经退行性疾病的光遗传学和化学遗传学。
{"title":"MACT (Mosaicism with AAV Mediated Conditional Transgenesis) for Single Neuron Analysis of Neurodegeneration in Vivo, a Proof of Principle in Focal Cerebral Ischemia","authors":"M. W. El-Saadi, L. Rivers, Xinli Tian, Hong Sun, Xiao-Hong Lu","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.65","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) warns neurodegenerative diseases (ND) in our aging population will sharply increase over the coming decades. Developing biological tools is paramount in the search for novel therapies to stop the onset or halt the progression of ND. We have developed a novel genetic method MACT (Mosaicism with AAV mediated Conditional Transgenesis) for single neuron analysis. MACT integrates the retrograde labelling capability of AAV and a conditional genetic reporter mouse model for sparse genetic labelling to reveal detailed morphology of different cellular types. As proof of principle, we subsequently subjected MACT mice to a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) leading to extensive neurodegeneration. Using two-photon imaging and 3-D reconstruction, we have illustrated the robust neurodegeneration of cortex pyramidal neuron, striatal medium spiny neuron and caught in action the engulfment of neurons and blood vessels by microglia. Moreover, we've documented dramatic axon degradation consistent with Wallerian pathology while the cell bodies remain intact (\"dying back\"), opening the possibility of therapeutic intervention. We also observed unexpected Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) positive cell bodies in the striatum, suggesting the brain responds to neurodegeneration by expressing these TH cells in an attempt to compensate for dopaminergic denervation. Most notably, we've developed a novel genetic method to visualize neuron morphology and gain a more accurate understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. MACT represents a powerful genetics method to explore therapeutic interventions, including opto-and chemo-genetics in neurodegenerative diseases in vivo.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122905719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic disease management currently requires frequent withdrawal of bodily fluids to assess biomolecule levels and are associated with patient discomfort and noncompliance. Thus, a need exists for less invasive, on-demand biochemistry monitoring. Our lab has investigated poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels functionalized with glucose oxidase and palladium benzoporphyrin phosphors as fully-implantable luminescent glucose sensors. These pHEMA-based sensors can be injected subcutaneously and have successfully monitored rising and falling blood glucose two hours after implantation in porcine models. However, decreasing tissue oxygen levels near the sensor as the injection site heals prevented long-term sensor function in vivo (i.e. 30 days). This work investigates the use of the siloxane methacrylate, 3-[Tris(trimethylsiloxy) silyl]propyl methacrylate (TRIS) and N, N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) to create hybrid inorganic-organic interpenetrating network hydrogels (IPNs). IPNs were fabricated using a sequential polymerization method. A 50:50 v:v% TRIS:DMA hydrogel containing a palladium benzoporphyrin oxygen indicator was fabricated. This first network was then soaked overnight in a DMA homopolymer precursor, photopolymerized throughout the first network, and hydrated in PBS. Stern-Volmer oxygen diffusion kinetics (luminescence lifetime) indicate a 300% increase in oxygen permeability through the IPNs compared to pHEMA. Additionally, we have enhanced gel hydration by 33% while maintaining similar glucose transport to pHEMA gels (Dglucose = 3.6 x 10-7cm2/s). Introduction of microdomains containing glucose oxidase indicate optical response to glucose in the hypo-and euglycemic ranges in vitro, indicating potential of these gels as glucose biosensors. Ongoing efforts include extending the dynamic range into the hyperglycemic region and evaluating in vivo performance of IPNs as oxygen sensors (phosphor only) and glucose sensors (IPN microcomposite) in porcine models.
目前，慢性疾病管理需要经常抽取体液以评估生物分子水平，这与患者不适和不遵医嘱有关。因此，有必要进行侵入性较小的按需生化监测。我们的实验室研究了用葡萄糖氧化酶和钯苯并卟啉荧光粉功能化的聚(2-羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯)(pHEMA)水凝胶作为完全可植入的发光葡萄糖传感器。这些基于phema的传感器可以皮下注射，并在植入猪模型两小时后成功监测血糖的上升和下降。然而，随着注射部位的愈合，传感器附近组织氧水平的降低阻碍了传感器在体内的长期功能(即30天)。本文研究了甲基丙烯酸硅氧烷、3-[三甲基硅氧基]甲基丙烯酸丙酯(Tris)和N, N-二甲基丙烯酰胺(DMA)制备无机-有机互穿网络水凝胶(ipn)的方法。采用序贯聚合法制备ipn。制备了含苯并卟啉钯氧指示剂的50:50 v:v% TRIS:DMA水凝胶。然后将第一个网络在DMA均聚前体中浸泡过夜，在第一个网络中进行光聚合，并在PBS中水化。斯特恩-沃尔默氧扩散动力学(发光寿命)表明，与pHEMA相比，ipn的氧通透性增加了300%。此外，我们的凝胶水合作用增强了33%，同时保持了与pHEMA凝胶相似的葡萄糖转运(Dglucose = 3.6 x 10-7cm2/s)。引入含有葡萄糖氧化酶的微结构域表明在低血糖和血糖范围内对葡萄糖的光学响应，表明这些凝胶作为葡萄糖生物传感器的潜力。目前正在进行的工作包括将动态范围扩展到高血糖区，并在猪模型中评估IPN作为氧传感器(仅磷)和葡萄糖传感器(IPN微复合材料)的体内性能。
{"title":"Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels as Optical Biosensors","authors":"R. Unruh, M. Mcshane","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.64","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic disease management currently requires frequent withdrawal of bodily fluids to assess biomolecule levels and are associated with patient discomfort and noncompliance. Thus, a need exists for less invasive, on-demand biochemistry monitoring. Our lab has investigated poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels functionalized with glucose oxidase and palladium benzoporphyrin phosphors as fully-implantable luminescent glucose sensors. These pHEMA-based sensors can be injected subcutaneously and have successfully monitored rising and falling blood glucose two hours after implantation in porcine models. However, decreasing tissue oxygen levels near the sensor as the injection site heals prevented long-term sensor function in vivo (i.e. 30 days). This work investigates the use of the siloxane methacrylate, 3-[Tris(trimethylsiloxy) silyl]propyl methacrylate (TRIS) and N, N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) to create hybrid inorganic-organic interpenetrating network hydrogels (IPNs). IPNs were fabricated using a sequential polymerization method. A 50:50 v:v% TRIS:DMA hydrogel containing a palladium benzoporphyrin oxygen indicator was fabricated. This first network was then soaked overnight in a DMA homopolymer precursor, photopolymerized throughout the first network, and hydrated in PBS. Stern-Volmer oxygen diffusion kinetics (luminescence lifetime) indicate a 300% increase in oxygen permeability through the IPNs compared to pHEMA. Additionally, we have enhanced gel hydration by 33% while maintaining similar glucose transport to pHEMA gels (Dglucose = 3.6 x 10-7cm2/s). Introduction of microdomains containing glucose oxidase indicate optical response to glucose in the hypo-and euglycemic ranges in vitro, indicating potential of these gels as glucose biosensors. Ongoing efforts include extending the dynamic range into the hyperglycemic region and evaluating in vivo performance of IPNs as oxygen sensors (phosphor only) and glucose sensors (IPN microcomposite) in porcine models.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127723931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the current age of smart phones and wearable devices, vast amounts of patient health data files forming Big Data are being placed into large databases where they can be accessed by multiple users including doctors, caregivers and patients. The estimated spending on healthcare in 2015 in the U.S. is around $3.2 trillion, which triggers the question of improvement of patient care while containing the costs. The objective of the present study is to review a few applications of analytics of Big Data in the healthcare field and the associated outcomes. Big Data is generally characterized by the volume, velocity, variety and veracity of complex data. Many hospitals have applied analytics to big data from various sources including patient health records to achieve overall improvement in healthcare. Operationally, most of the pertinent data of patients are made available on demand so doctors can see how other treatments have worked globally and apply relevant results to facilitate better decision making and interventions. Making proper use of big data analytics in healthcare can lead to improvement in care delivery coupled with significant cost savings. Concurrent challenges to be addressed include accessibility, privacy, security, usability, implementation costs, transportability, interoperability, and standardization. In conclusion, employing efficient and streamlined analytics to big data will contribute to quick and accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, reduced costs and improved overall healthcare quality.
{"title":"Application of Analytics to Big Data in Healthcare","authors":"S. Krishnan","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.88","url":null,"abstract":"In the current age of smart phones and wearable devices, vast amounts of patient health data files forming Big Data are being placed into large databases where they can be accessed by multiple users including doctors, caregivers and patients. The estimated spending on healthcare in 2015 in the U.S. is around $3.2 trillion, which triggers the question of improvement of patient care while containing the costs. The objective of the present study is to review a few applications of analytics of Big Data in the healthcare field and the associated outcomes. Big Data is generally characterized by the volume, velocity, variety and veracity of complex data. Many hospitals have applied analytics to big data from various sources including patient health records to achieve overall improvement in healthcare. Operationally, most of the pertinent data of patients are made available on demand so doctors can see how other treatments have worked globally and apply relevant results to facilitate better decision making and interventions. Making proper use of big data analytics in healthcare can lead to improvement in care delivery coupled with significant cost savings. Concurrent challenges to be addressed include accessibility, privacy, security, usability, implementation costs, transportability, interoperability, and standardization. In conclusion, employing efficient and streamlined analytics to big data will contribute to quick and accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, reduced costs and improved overall healthcare quality.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131847292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：