Paper microfluidics is an emerging technology that offers a simple and inexpensive alternative to traditional microfluidics. Paper is an attractive medium for microfluidic devices because of its inherent hydrophilicity and low cost. Hydrophobic materials including wax and photoresist are used to pattern the paper. The most common method for making paper microfluidic analytical devices (μPAD) is wax printing, however, this method requires an expensive and specialized printer that is limited to printing documents and channel designs. Our method uses inexpensive materials and tools accessible to most research labs in the US. We utilize 3D printers, a common tool available in many universities because of their versatility. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) wax stamps are used to deposit wax onto paper, forming microfluidic channels. The PDMS stamps are produced with ABS 3D printed molds designed in CAD software. A PDMS stamp is dipped into melted wax and then pressed onto paper much like the process of using a rubber stamp and ink. Once the wax is deposited, the paper is heated, letting the wax penetrate the paper and form hydrophilic channels. This rapid and simple procedure allows researchers to easily produce μPADs with the flexibility of CAD software and 3D printers.
{"title":"Fabrication Method for Paper Microfluidics Utilizing 3D Printing and PDMS Stamps","authors":"R. Montgomery, B. C. Hollins","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.70","url":null,"abstract":"Paper microfluidics is an emerging technology that offers a simple and inexpensive alternative to traditional microfluidics. Paper is an attractive medium for microfluidic devices because of its inherent hydrophilicity and low cost. Hydrophobic materials including wax and photoresist are used to pattern the paper. The most common method for making paper microfluidic analytical devices (μPAD) is wax printing, however, this method requires an expensive and specialized printer that is limited to printing documents and channel designs. Our method uses inexpensive materials and tools accessible to most research labs in the US. We utilize 3D printers, a common tool available in many universities because of their versatility. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) wax stamps are used to deposit wax onto paper, forming microfluidic channels. The PDMS stamps are produced with ABS 3D printed molds designed in CAD software. A PDMS stamp is dipped into melted wax and then pressed onto paper much like the process of using a rubber stamp and ink. Once the wax is deposited, the paper is heated, letting the wax penetrate the paper and form hydrophilic channels. This rapid and simple procedure allows researchers to easily produce μPADs with the flexibility of CAD software and 3D printers.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114821508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
3D printing is now a useful tool for the laboratory. Engineers and scientists can create much needed small prototype parts or replacement parts for research equipment. With many common laboratory tools such as pipettors or mini centrifuges being created for availability in open source websites like Thingiverse or the NIH 3D Print Exchange, new and useful laboratory equipment can be created and collaboratively shared with the scientific community. In this spirit, we have created a 3D printable cell culture dish warming system custom fit for 35mm dishes using an upright microscope. After printing, assembly, and attachment to an economical hot water pump, the media in the dishes are easily maintained at 35°C, keeping cells viable for longer periods when performing time course studies under a microscope. A 3D printed dome for containing CO2/O2 was also created and can be added to the warming system for complete stage-top incubation. This system can be used with or without an optical condenser and the dome can be sealed for inverted microscopes. A study using the dish warming system was run for 2 h to test the capability of the system to maintain temperature stability.
3D打印现在是实验室的一个有用工具。工程师和科学家可以为研究设备制造出急需的小型原型部件或替换部件。随着许多常见的实验室工具(如移液器或迷你离心机)在Thingiverse或NIH 3D Print Exchange等开源网站上可用，新的有用的实验室设备可以被创建并与科学界协作共享。本着这种精神，我们已经创建了一个3D打印细胞培养皿加热系统定制适合35毫米的盘子使用直立显微镜。在打印、组装和连接到一个经济的热水泵后，培养皿中的培养基很容易保持在35°C，在显微镜下进行时间过程研究时，使细胞存活更长时间。还创建了一个含有CO2/O2的3D打印圆顶，可以添加到加热系统中进行完整的阶段顶部孵化。该系统可以带或不带光学聚光器使用，并且圆顶可以密封用于倒置显微镜。利用该加热系统进行了2小时的研究，以测试该系统保持温度稳定性的能力。
{"title":"Novel Uses of 3D Printing for in vitro Biomedical Research","authors":"Jessica L. Scoggin, T. Murray","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.17","url":null,"abstract":"3D printing is now a useful tool for the laboratory. Engineers and scientists can create much needed small prototype parts or replacement parts for research equipment. With many common laboratory tools such as pipettors or mini centrifuges being created for availability in open source websites like Thingiverse or the NIH 3D Print Exchange, new and useful laboratory equipment can be created and collaboratively shared with the scientific community. In this spirit, we have created a 3D printable cell culture dish warming system custom fit for 35mm dishes using an upright microscope. After printing, assembly, and attachment to an economical hot water pump, the media in the dishes are easily maintained at 35°C, keeping cells viable for longer periods when performing time course studies under a microscope. A 3D printed dome for containing CO2/O2 was also created and can be added to the warming system for complete stage-top incubation. This system can be used with or without an optical condenser and the dome can be sealed for inverted microscopes. A study using the dish warming system was run for 2 h to test the capability of the system to maintain temperature stability.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125354873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The route of administration of ovarian hormones and other biologicals represent a key factor in the treatment, prevention or eradication of different diseases in humans. Many studies have documented that the use of sustained delivery of biologicals is more effective compared to conventional route of administration. To date, the literature is lacking studies that conclusively demonstrate the change on body weights and vital organ morphology associated with sustained delivery of Neuropeptide Y antagonist and estrogen compared to intact and ovariectomized adults as a model. Therefore, the purpose of this study represents a histopathologic evaluation of the sustained delivery of ovarian hormones and neuropeptide y antagonist on the body weight and vital organs of ovariectomized rats. A total of 25 Sprague Dawley rats were obtained and divided into five groups, intact control with ovaries, sham, OVX + estrogen, and NPY antagonist. Animals in three of the five groups were surgically implanted with a TCP drug delivery device loaded with 1.6 mg of estrogen and 1.6 mg of NPY antagonist, and the sham animals were implanted with empty capsules. The capsules were surgically inserted into the muscle adjacent to the six lumbar vertebra. The animals were euthanized at two weeks, post-implantation phases. An analysis of the body weights were compared, and the OVX + estrogen and the OVX + NPY antagonist were similar to the intact control animals. Histopathologic evaluation of the major body organs revealed no histopathological change in the adrenals, spleen, liver, lungs or heart muscles of the intact, OVX, sham and NPY antagonist low and high dose treated animals. The only significant difference was observed in the kidney, where the glomeruli appeared much larger in the estrogen treated animals. Overall conclusion obtained from this study demonstrated that TCPL delivery can be used effectively to administer NPY at sustained level with remarkable reduction in side effects that associated with conventional means.
{"title":"Histopathologic Evaluation of the Substained Delivery of Ovarian Hormones and Neuropeptide Y Antagonist on the Body Weights and Vital Organs of Ovarectomized Rats","authors":"Z. Cason, H. Benghuzzi, M. Tucci","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.77","url":null,"abstract":"The route of administration of ovarian hormones and other biologicals represent a key factor in the treatment, prevention or eradication of different diseases in humans. Many studies have documented that the use of sustained delivery of biologicals is more effective compared to conventional route of administration. To date, the literature is lacking studies that conclusively demonstrate the change on body weights and vital organ morphology associated with sustained delivery of Neuropeptide Y antagonist and estrogen compared to intact and ovariectomized adults as a model. Therefore, the purpose of this study represents a histopathologic evaluation of the sustained delivery of ovarian hormones and neuropeptide y antagonist on the body weight and vital organs of ovariectomized rats. A total of 25 Sprague Dawley rats were obtained and divided into five groups, intact control with ovaries, sham, OVX + estrogen, and NPY antagonist. Animals in three of the five groups were surgically implanted with a TCP drug delivery device loaded with 1.6 mg of estrogen and 1.6 mg of NPY antagonist, and the sham animals were implanted with empty capsules. The capsules were surgically inserted into the muscle adjacent to the six lumbar vertebra. The animals were euthanized at two weeks, post-implantation phases. An analysis of the body weights were compared, and the OVX + estrogen and the OVX + NPY antagonist were similar to the intact control animals. Histopathologic evaluation of the major body organs revealed no histopathological change in the adrenals, spleen, liver, lungs or heart muscles of the intact, OVX, sham and NPY antagonist low and high dose treated animals. The only significant difference was observed in the kidney, where the glomeruli appeared much larger in the estrogen treated animals. Overall conclusion obtained from this study demonstrated that TCPL delivery can be used effectively to administer NPY at sustained level with remarkable reduction in side effects that associated with conventional means.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126858852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Platelet activation and adhesion involve both positive and negative feedback control. The interaction between these two control mechanisms is not well understood, however, platelets are known to release both activators (e.g. ADP, thromboxane) and inhibitors (e.g. nitric oxide and protein S). To investigate the interaction between positive and negative feedback, we require patterned surfaces in which regions of activating proteins are next to regions with negligible activating properties. The creation of this type of surface has proven to be difficult. The main problems to be overcome are non-specific absorption of proteins onto the non-thrombotic region and rinsing away of the thrombotic proteins, particularly during the step in which platelets are stained with fluorescent dye. The thrombotic regions become diffuse and diluted, with indistinct edges. A 25 μm thick PDMS is spin coated over the silane glass slide. The slide is then masked with double-sided Kapton tape and exposed to a photo-initiator solution. The surface of the slide is then exposed to ultraviolet light and washed to remove retained benzophenone. FITC-labeled fibrinogen was dropped directly on to the masked slide, allowed to incubate for 20 minutes, rinsed and dried. Slides were imaged with a florescence microscope. Recalcified blood was dropped onto the slides. The result was fixed, permeablized, stained, and imaged. A clear region of fibrinogen was present on the region masked (from photo-initiator and ultraviolet) with the tape. Platelets adhered more strongly to areas of fibrinogen adhesion. Thus the slides provide a clear differentiation between a thrombogenic and non-thrombogenic region.
{"title":"Microsystem with Alternating Thrombogenic and Non-Thrombogenic Regions: In Vivo Support System for Brain Imaging in Live Mice","authors":"S. Sanakam, Regina Roney, S. Jones","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.40","url":null,"abstract":"Platelet activation and adhesion involve both positive and negative feedback control. The interaction between these two control mechanisms is not well understood, however, platelets are known to release both activators (e.g. ADP, thromboxane) and inhibitors (e.g. nitric oxide and protein S). To investigate the interaction between positive and negative feedback, we require patterned surfaces in which regions of activating proteins are next to regions with negligible activating properties. The creation of this type of surface has proven to be difficult. The main problems to be overcome are non-specific absorption of proteins onto the non-thrombotic region and rinsing away of the thrombotic proteins, particularly during the step in which platelets are stained with fluorescent dye. The thrombotic regions become diffuse and diluted, with indistinct edges. A 25 μm thick PDMS is spin coated over the silane glass slide. The slide is then masked with double-sided Kapton tape and exposed to a photo-initiator solution. The surface of the slide is then exposed to ultraviolet light and washed to remove retained benzophenone. FITC-labeled fibrinogen was dropped directly on to the masked slide, allowed to incubate for 20 minutes, rinsed and dried. Slides were imaged with a florescence microscope. Recalcified blood was dropped onto the slides. The result was fixed, permeablized, stained, and imaged. A clear region of fibrinogen was present on the region masked (from photo-initiator and ultraviolet) with the tape. Platelets adhered more strongly to areas of fibrinogen adhesion. Thus the slides provide a clear differentiation between a thrombogenic and non-thrombogenic region.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126387611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Panchal, R. Minullina, R. Yendluri, J. Tully, C. Luke, Y. Lvov
Halloysite clay is a naturally occurring clay nanomaterial which with length of approximately 1000 nm, a diameter of 50 nm and a lumen of 15 nm. Traditionally, halloysite is used for ceramics and as an inorganic reinforcing material for polymers. The 15 nm lumen can be loaded with bioactive molecules such as antibiotics and proteins. By doping loaded halloysite into polymers one can achieve a controlled sustained release of the desired molecule into the matrix. The differing chemistries inside and outside the lumen present avenues to modulate the loading and release patterns and attributing smart properties to halloysite-polymer composites. Typically, the addition of 5-8 % wt. halloysite synergistically increases polymer strength by 30-70 %, enhances composite adhesiveness and adds new functions due to release of the bioactive molecules. Halloysites are regarded as environmentally safe and biocompatible as demonstrated by experiments with cell cultures, microworms and small animals. This enables the application of halloysites as slow and sustained release vehicles of antibiotics for bone implants and dental composites. Bioactive molecules like dexamethasone, furosemide and resveratrol were released from the halloysite lumen over 20-30 hours.
{"title":"Biocompatible Clay Nanotube Formulations for Controlled Delivery of Drugs","authors":"A. Panchal, R. Minullina, R. Yendluri, J. Tully, C. Luke, Y. Lvov","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.83","url":null,"abstract":"Halloysite clay is a naturally occurring clay nanomaterial which with length of approximately 1000 nm, a diameter of 50 nm and a lumen of 15 nm. Traditionally, halloysite is used for ceramics and as an inorganic reinforcing material for polymers. The 15 nm lumen can be loaded with bioactive molecules such as antibiotics and proteins. By doping loaded halloysite into polymers one can achieve a controlled sustained release of the desired molecule into the matrix. The differing chemistries inside and outside the lumen present avenues to modulate the loading and release patterns and attributing smart properties to halloysite-polymer composites. Typically, the addition of 5-8 % wt. halloysite synergistically increases polymer strength by 30-70 %, enhances composite adhesiveness and adds new functions due to release of the bioactive molecules. Halloysites are regarded as environmentally safe and biocompatible as demonstrated by experiments with cell cultures, microworms and small animals. This enables the application of halloysites as slow and sustained release vehicles of antibiotics for bone implants and dental composites. Bioactive molecules like dexamethasone, furosemide and resveratrol were released from the halloysite lumen over 20-30 hours.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"269 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121602178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philip Timothy Doughty, Peace Ibole, Himgauri Naik, J. Basile, T. Murray
Accumulation of beta amyloid peptide, including Aβ1-42, is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the early stages of AD, neuronal death is observed in the septum and the hippocampus of the brain. This neuronal death causes memory and cognitive dysfunction which are clinical manifestations of AD. A newly-discovered neurotransmitter receptor subtype, the α7β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7β2-nAChR) is expressed in the septum and the hippocampus of the rodent and human brain. This pentameric receptor has similar functional characteristics to α7-nAChR, a more prevalent subtype. It has been shown that α7-nAChRs mediate internalization of Aβ1-42. Others have shown that Aβ1-42 internalization may cause neuronal dysfunction and death. The aims of the present study are to determine if α7β2-nAChR mediates internalization of Aβ1-42, if this is toxic to the cells, and if it affects intracellular calcium activity. We have used multiphoton microscopy to show internalization of the peptide in SH-EP1 cells expressing α7β2-nAChR and α7-nAChR, and live/dead assays for measuring cell death. Epi-fluorescence microscopy and calcium dyes are being used to compare calcium activity of cells expressing these receptors. These are preliminary steps toward determining the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction and cell death in early stages of AD.
{"title":"The Alpha7-Beta2 Nicotinic Receptor and Its Roles in Amyloid Beta Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Philip Timothy Doughty, Peace Ibole, Himgauri Naik, J. Basile, T. Murray","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.43","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulation of beta amyloid peptide, including Aβ1-42, is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the early stages of AD, neuronal death is observed in the septum and the hippocampus of the brain. This neuronal death causes memory and cognitive dysfunction which are clinical manifestations of AD. A newly-discovered neurotransmitter receptor subtype, the α7β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7β2-nAChR) is expressed in the septum and the hippocampus of the rodent and human brain. This pentameric receptor has similar functional characteristics to α7-nAChR, a more prevalent subtype. It has been shown that α7-nAChRs mediate internalization of Aβ1-42. Others have shown that Aβ1-42 internalization may cause neuronal dysfunction and death. The aims of the present study are to determine if α7β2-nAChR mediates internalization of Aβ1-42, if this is toxic to the cells, and if it affects intracellular calcium activity. We have used multiphoton microscopy to show internalization of the peptide in SH-EP1 cells expressing α7β2-nAChR and α7-nAChR, and live/dead assays for measuring cell death. Epi-fluorescence microscopy and calcium dyes are being used to compare calcium activity of cells expressing these receptors. These are preliminary steps toward determining the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction and cell death in early stages of AD.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124611358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacob M. King, Ronnie W. Kisor, Aaron D. Morgan, Charles E. Taylor
For the purposes of analyzing the possible impact of external factors on the performance and reliability of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), a pulmonary simulator would be critical for in vitro use within a mock circulatory loop (MCL). To accurately reproduce the conditions within the pulmonary system, a pulmonary simulator should not only account for the capacity of the pulmonary system to supply flow at given pressures, but also consider the systemic outflow dynamics. This would allow for an accurate pressure and flow rate return feed back into the left ventricular portion of the MCS, i.e. the initial conditions of the left heart. Utilizing Windkessel modeling techniques, a computational model was developed using Simulink® Simscape that generates the left atrial pressure waveform for given aortic conditions, systemic variables, and pulmonary factors. The adaptability of this model provides the ability to reproduce a wide range of circulatory conditions without the limitations of a dedicated hardware platform. Following a verification and validation (V&V) model, a closed loop, PID controlled, hydraulic system was developed utilizing Simulink® Simscape. Once this simulation was completed, testing of the pulmonary simulator was conducted on the MCL. Simulink® Real-Time was used to control the in vitro system during verification studies of the pulmonary simulator, as well as, validation of the control architecture used to simulate pulmonary performance. Empirical verification of the pulmonary simulator performance and validation of the control architecture support this modeling and control method as an effective means of reproducing pulmonary pressure and systemic outflow.
{"title":"Simulation of Left Atrial Pressure and Flow Dynamics Using an Adaptable Control Architecture in a Mock Circulatory Loop","authors":"Jacob M. King, Ronnie W. Kisor, Aaron D. Morgan, Charles E. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.57","url":null,"abstract":"For the purposes of analyzing the possible impact of external factors on the performance and reliability of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), a pulmonary simulator would be critical for in vitro use within a mock circulatory loop (MCL). To accurately reproduce the conditions within the pulmonary system, a pulmonary simulator should not only account for the capacity of the pulmonary system to supply flow at given pressures, but also consider the systemic outflow dynamics. This would allow for an accurate pressure and flow rate return feed back into the left ventricular portion of the MCS, i.e. the initial conditions of the left heart. Utilizing Windkessel modeling techniques, a computational model was developed using Simulink® Simscape that generates the left atrial pressure waveform for given aortic conditions, systemic variables, and pulmonary factors. The adaptability of this model provides the ability to reproduce a wide range of circulatory conditions without the limitations of a dedicated hardware platform. Following a verification and validation (V&V) model, a closed loop, PID controlled, hydraulic system was developed utilizing Simulink® Simscape. Once this simulation was completed, testing of the pulmonary simulator was conducted on the MCL. Simulink® Real-Time was used to control the in vitro system during verification studies of the pulmonary simulator, as well as, validation of the control architecture used to simulate pulmonary performance. Empirical verification of the pulmonary simulator performance and validation of the control architecture support this modeling and control method as an effective means of reproducing pulmonary pressure and systemic outflow.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123135472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The measurement of cellular metabolism involves observation of multiple metabolites. Chemical reaction pathways which occur within the cell may be measured in the extracellular matrix. A fluorophore/polymer based portable sensor was developed which does not consume metabolites, is noninvasive, improves sensor measurements and may be used in standard 24-well plates. The sensor rapidly detects physiological changes without contaminating cell cultures with fluorescent dyes. The sensor uses an oxygen sensitive fluorophore, platinum octaethylporphyrin, embedded in a polymer matrix to measure extracellular O2 concentration changes in response to an external physiological antagonist. The sensor design was able to acquire real-time measurement of metabolite concentration changes in the extracellular matrix.
{"title":"Non-invasive Fluorescence Based Portable Sensor for Studying O2 Changes in Extracellular Metabolism","authors":"Koutilya R. Buchapudi, W. Johnston, S. E. Eklund","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.22","url":null,"abstract":"The measurement of cellular metabolism involves observation of multiple metabolites. Chemical reaction pathways which occur within the cell may be measured in the extracellular matrix. A fluorophore/polymer based portable sensor was developed which does not consume metabolites, is noninvasive, improves sensor measurements and may be used in standard 24-well plates. The sensor rapidly detects physiological changes without contaminating cell cultures with fluorescent dyes. The sensor uses an oxygen sensitive fluorophore, platinum octaethylporphyrin, embedded in a polymer matrix to measure extracellular O2 concentration changes in response to an external physiological antagonist. The sensor design was able to acquire real-time measurement of metabolite concentration changes in the extracellular matrix.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114935135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatima Fazal-Ur-Rehman, Joseph Wolf, Ronnie W. Kisor, Charles E. Taylor
Summary form only given. Developing effective in vitro models of cardiovascular anatomy for surgical procedure evaluations and medical device performance verification is challenging. This is due to the complex geometry, anisotropic material properties, and spatial variation in material properties. The ability to control these effects enables the production of high fidelity models that can exhibit the proper normal and disease states of these tissues for robust in vitro analysis of the fluid-structure interactions taking place in this region. Proposed is a robotic spin coating system that utilizes 3D printed anatomical models to provide the surface mold. The coating is applied according to the desired properties in the region of the model and allowed to cure. During the layering process, application of different materials in targeted regions of the model allow for pathophysiological structures to be embodied (e.g. calcifications, plaque). The subsequent thin walled model is removed from the 3D printed structure either through peeling or dissolution of the underlying mold. Inflation tests illustrate the region material property differences that are consistent with the in silico model and FEA results used to design the appropriate material property regions. The resulting models will be used for evaluation of corrective surgery procedures and assessment of medical device interactions with a variety of tissue properties.
{"title":"Spin Coating of 3D Printed Cardiovascular Anatomical Models, Controlling Material Properties on Complex Shapes","authors":"Fatima Fazal-Ur-Rehman, Joseph Wolf, Ronnie W. Kisor, Charles E. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.50","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Developing effective in vitro models of cardiovascular anatomy for surgical procedure evaluations and medical device performance verification is challenging. This is due to the complex geometry, anisotropic material properties, and spatial variation in material properties. The ability to control these effects enables the production of high fidelity models that can exhibit the proper normal and disease states of these tissues for robust in vitro analysis of the fluid-structure interactions taking place in this region. Proposed is a robotic spin coating system that utilizes 3D printed anatomical models to provide the surface mold. The coating is applied according to the desired properties in the region of the model and allowed to cure. During the layering process, application of different materials in targeted regions of the model allow for pathophysiological structures to be embodied (e.g. calcifications, plaque). The subsequent thin walled model is removed from the 3D printed structure either through peeling or dissolution of the underlying mold. Inflation tests illustrate the region material property differences that are consistent with the in silico model and FEA results used to design the appropriate material property regions. The resulting models will be used for evaluation of corrective surgery procedures and assessment of medical device interactions with a variety of tissue properties.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114745150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chandler P. Lagarde, Clint A. Bergeron, Charles E. Taylor
Modern heart valve replacements can usually be problematic for the patients that receive them. The two main valve designs that are used for heart valve replacements are mechanical valves and bioprosthetic, or tissue valves. Both of these options have their own respective problems. While the bioprosthetic valves are more natural, they lack structural integrity and can deteriorate. The mechanical valves have a strong structural integrity, but this can be the cause of other problems e.g. blood clots, flow disturbances. In the pursuit of in vitro testing of different types of valve designs in differing heart conditions, I reverse-engineered and designed anatomical designs of both the aortic valve and the mitral valve to produce models for evaluation and testing. The first step in designing the valve was to reverse engineer similar tissue valves, which was completed in the form of a parent part. A stress analysis in SolidWorks was run on the valve design to determine if any changes needed to be implemented in the design before in vitro testing occurs. Using 3D printed molds, it was found that compression molding was preferable to injection molding. Through several iterations, the design was modified to suit the mold compression method. These results can advance research for testing heart valves in a laboratory, with differing flow conditions and implications of using medical devices that may interfere with valve function.
{"title":"Aortic and Mitral Heart Valves for Computational and Experimental Analysis","authors":"Chandler P. Lagarde, Clint A. Bergeron, Charles E. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.60","url":null,"abstract":"Modern heart valve replacements can usually be problematic for the patients that receive them. The two main valve designs that are used for heart valve replacements are mechanical valves and bioprosthetic, or tissue valves. Both of these options have their own respective problems. While the bioprosthetic valves are more natural, they lack structural integrity and can deteriorate. The mechanical valves have a strong structural integrity, but this can be the cause of other problems e.g. blood clots, flow disturbances. In the pursuit of in vitro testing of different types of valve designs in differing heart conditions, I reverse-engineered and designed anatomical designs of both the aortic valve and the mitral valve to produce models for evaluation and testing. The first step in designing the valve was to reverse engineer similar tissue valves, which was completed in the form of a parent part. A stress analysis in SolidWorks was run on the valve design to determine if any changes needed to be implemented in the design before in vitro testing occurs. Using 3D printed molds, it was found that compression molding was preferable to injection molding. Through several iterations, the design was modified to suit the mold compression method. These results can advance research for testing heart valves in a laboratory, with differing flow conditions and implications of using medical devices that may interfere with valve function.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133706156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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