Drug coated balloons (DCB) represent a novel approach to develop a superior intervention for the treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Currently, DCB are coated with anti-proliferative drugs which combat neointimal hyperplasia reducing the occurrence of restenosis. The common anti-proliferative drug is paclitaxel, which when coated alone has very poor retention rates due to its diffusion from the treated artery following deployment. Excipients have marginally improved paclitaxel retention however retention rates are still less than 10% 24-hours post-treatment. Keratose, an extracted form of keratin derived from human hair, is a potential option for an excipient due to its intrinsic scaffolding characteristics and biocompatibility. Keratose hydrogels support tunable release of various drugs and factors as a function of keratose concentration. Therefore, the goal of this project is to evaluate the ability of keratose to act as an excipient of paclitaxel in DCB. Briefly, various paclitaxel-containing keratose hydrogels were formed. Keratose degradation and paclitaxel release were quantified up to 45 days by spectrophotometry and HPLC-MS/MS respectively. To confirm the ability of keratose to form a DCB, keratose hydrogels were coated on angioplasty balloons using a dipping technique. The keratose DCB was sectioned and coating thickness was quantified by light microscopy. Results demonstrated that paclitaxel-keratose hydrogels degraded and released paclitaxel as a function of keratose concentration. The keratose DCB displayed uniform coating circumferentially with coating thicknesses ranging from 5-20 microns. These studies highlight the potential of a new biomaterial that can provide a safe and controllable drug release profile for treatment of PAD.
{"title":"Keratose as a Novel Drug Carrier for Drug Coated Balloons","authors":"Emily A. Turner, L. Burnett, S. Yazdani","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.33","url":null,"abstract":"Drug coated balloons (DCB) represent a novel approach to develop a superior intervention for the treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Currently, DCB are coated with anti-proliferative drugs which combat neointimal hyperplasia reducing the occurrence of restenosis. The common anti-proliferative drug is paclitaxel, which when coated alone has very poor retention rates due to its diffusion from the treated artery following deployment. Excipients have marginally improved paclitaxel retention however retention rates are still less than 10% 24-hours post-treatment. Keratose, an extracted form of keratin derived from human hair, is a potential option for an excipient due to its intrinsic scaffolding characteristics and biocompatibility. Keratose hydrogels support tunable release of various drugs and factors as a function of keratose concentration. Therefore, the goal of this project is to evaluate the ability of keratose to act as an excipient of paclitaxel in DCB. Briefly, various paclitaxel-containing keratose hydrogels were formed. Keratose degradation and paclitaxel release were quantified up to 45 days by spectrophotometry and HPLC-MS/MS respectively. To confirm the ability of keratose to form a DCB, keratose hydrogels were coated on angioplasty balloons using a dipping technique. The keratose DCB was sectioned and coating thickness was quantified by light microscopy. Results demonstrated that paclitaxel-keratose hydrogels degraded and released paclitaxel as a function of keratose concentration. The keratose DCB displayed uniform coating circumferentially with coating thicknesses ranging from 5-20 microns. These studies highlight the potential of a new biomaterial that can provide a safe and controllable drug release profile for treatment of PAD.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114939390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arindam Bit, A. Bissoyi, S. K. Sinha, P. Patra, S. Saha
Colonization of bacteria such as Staphylococus or microbial growth forming layer of bio-film on the surface of implants inhibits osteo-integration on the surface of implants, and simultaneously resists the host defence mechanism on these bacteria. It leads to prognosis of surgical intervention. Titanium based implant (Ti6Al4V) provides the surface for enhanced osteo-integration, and it is biocompatible. But adhesion of bio-film on the surface of Ti-based implant never had been restricted. However, in case of low-cost metallic implant like SS 316, corrosion is another critical phenomenon. Graphene based composite multi-layer coating is therefore introduced on both Ti and SS 316 based implant using electrophoretic deposition process. Multi-layer thickness of graphene is ensured by Raman Spectroscopy. Coated implants made up of both types of metal are tested in simulated body fluid (SBF) for invitro study, and at invivo condition. Integration of graphene in micro-environment with enhancement of osteo-integration, and inhibition of bio-film adhesion and corrosion phenomena was characterised by Adhesion assay, Biofilm assay. Tests reveal enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Simultaneously, it shows restrict bio-film formation, corrosion activity, preventing bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on both metallic implants.
{"title":"The Inhibition of Bio-film Formation by Graphene-Modified Stainless Steel and Titanium Alloy for the Treatment of Periprosthetic Infection: A Comparative Study","authors":"Arindam Bit, A. Bissoyi, S. K. Sinha, P. Patra, S. Saha","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.75","url":null,"abstract":"Colonization of bacteria such as Staphylococus or microbial growth forming layer of bio-film on the surface of implants inhibits osteo-integration on the surface of implants, and simultaneously resists the host defence mechanism on these bacteria. It leads to prognosis of surgical intervention. Titanium based implant (Ti6Al4V) provides the surface for enhanced osteo-integration, and it is biocompatible. But adhesion of bio-film on the surface of Ti-based implant never had been restricted. However, in case of low-cost metallic implant like SS 316, corrosion is another critical phenomenon. Graphene based composite multi-layer coating is therefore introduced on both Ti and SS 316 based implant using electrophoretic deposition process. Multi-layer thickness of graphene is ensured by Raman Spectroscopy. Coated implants made up of both types of metal are tested in simulated body fluid (SBF) for invitro study, and at invivo condition. Integration of graphene in micro-environment with enhancement of osteo-integration, and inhibition of bio-film adhesion and corrosion phenomena was characterised by Adhesion assay, Biofilm assay. Tests reveal enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Simultaneously, it shows restrict bio-film formation, corrosion activity, preventing bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on both metallic implants.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"23 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114022362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Balasubramanian, J. Abbas, Narayanan Krishnamurthi
The control of posture is achieved by complex integrated visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems. Neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and aging may affect these systems resulting in compromised balance control and subsequent increase in risk of falling. Typically, balance control is evaluated with static posturography and dynamic posturography involving applied or volitional perturbation. In this study, we have utilized dynamic posture shifts that mimic everyday reaching tasks to distinguish balance performance among young, elderly, and people with PD. A total of 57 subjects were recruited: young (21 subjects; 19-32 years), elderly (22 subjects; 50-75 years), and PD (17 subjects; 53-72 years). The dynamic posture shift task involves subjects moving their Center-of-Pressure (CoP) from a center (quiet standing position) to different outward targets (leaning position) then back to center, and hold their CoP inside the targets for about 2 seconds. During these movements, their CoP was displayed in real-time as a circular cursor on a monitor at eye level. Many balance indices were calculated from stabilogram obtained from CoP data of each target presentation. Of them, the path length during movement phase was significantly different (p <; 0.05) across all the three groups. The peak velocity, movement time, and movement velocity was significantly different between young and PD and elderly and PD groups (p <; 0.05). These results suggest that these measures can be utilized to evaluate balance control for different conditions, specifically to monitor changes due to any exercise training and medical treatment.
{"title":"Characterization of balance control through dynamic posture shifts","authors":"S. Balasubramanian, J. Abbas, Narayanan Krishnamurthi","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.92","url":null,"abstract":"The control of posture is achieved by complex integrated visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems. Neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and aging may affect these systems resulting in compromised balance control and subsequent increase in risk of falling. Typically, balance control is evaluated with static posturography and dynamic posturography involving applied or volitional perturbation. In this study, we have utilized dynamic posture shifts that mimic everyday reaching tasks to distinguish balance performance among young, elderly, and people with PD. A total of 57 subjects were recruited: young (21 subjects; 19-32 years), elderly (22 subjects; 50-75 years), and PD (17 subjects; 53-72 years). The dynamic posture shift task involves subjects moving their Center-of-Pressure (CoP) from a center (quiet standing position) to different outward targets (leaning position) then back to center, and hold their CoP inside the targets for about 2 seconds. During these movements, their CoP was displayed in real-time as a circular cursor on a monitor at eye level. Many balance indices were calculated from stabilogram obtained from CoP data of each target presentation. Of them, the path length during movement phase was significantly different (p <; 0.05) across all the three groups. The peak velocity, movement time, and movement velocity was significantly different between young and PD and elderly and PD groups (p <; 0.05). These results suggest that these measures can be utilized to evaluate balance control for different conditions, specifically to monitor changes due to any exercise training and medical treatment.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"9 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115932692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stem cells can be coaxed to grow into new bone or new cartilage better and faster when given the right molecular cues [1, 2]. Depending on the target tissue, control over the physical, chemical and mechanical influences is key to directing cell behavior in three-dimensions, and, ultimately, as a method to grow tissues for regenerative medicine applications. We designed a hydrogel that provides control over local biomaterial properties and that permits guidance over the process of development leading to extracellular matrix and tissue development. Our hydrogel nanocomposite consisting of alginate or chitosan, and growth factors doped Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs). Results demonstrate that HNT addition improved nanocomposite material properties and created a cell supportive environment. While the focus in this study was on osteoblast differentiation this approach may permit local control over the behavior of varied cell types and allow the engineering of complex tissues using a single stem cell source.
{"title":"Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation through Capped Clay Nanotubes","authors":"D. Robinson, S. Karnik, D. Mills","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.79","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cells can be coaxed to grow into new bone or new cartilage better and faster when given the right molecular cues [1, 2]. Depending on the target tissue, control over the physical, chemical and mechanical influences is key to directing cell behavior in three-dimensions, and, ultimately, as a method to grow tissues for regenerative medicine applications. We designed a hydrogel that provides control over local biomaterial properties and that permits guidance over the process of development leading to extracellular matrix and tissue development. Our hydrogel nanocomposite consisting of alginate or chitosan, and growth factors doped Halloysite Nanotubes (HNTs). Results demonstrate that HNT addition improved nanocomposite material properties and created a cell supportive environment. While the focus in this study was on osteoblast differentiation this approach may permit local control over the behavior of varied cell types and allow the engineering of complex tissues using a single stem cell source.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128412947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nam Nguyen, U. Kansakar, Miles Delahoussaye, R. Minullina, Y. Lvov, M. DeCoster
This research compares interaction of two non-degradable materials: 2 μm fluorescent beads and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and one degradable biomaterial -- High Aspect Ratio Structure (HARS) biocomposites, with microglial brain cells. White light and fluorescence microscopy were used to capture images and were analyzed using Image Pro Plus 7.0 software. Results show interactions between microglial cells and biomaterials which can be carried out for applications in tissue engineering as well as for testing anti-cancer effects.
本研究比较了两种不可降解材料——2 μm荧光珠和高岭土纳米管(HNTs)以及一种可降解生物材料——高纵横比结构(HARS)生物复合材料与小胶质脑细胞的相互作用。使用白光和荧光显微镜捕获图像，并使用Image Pro Plus 7.0软件进行分析。结果表明，小胶质细胞与生物材料之间的相互作用可用于组织工程和抗癌效果测试。
{"title":"Interaction of Degradable and Non-degradable Biomaterial with Brain Cells for Tissue Engineering and Cancer Treatment","authors":"Nam Nguyen, U. Kansakar, Miles Delahoussaye, R. Minullina, Y. Lvov, M. DeCoster","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.81","url":null,"abstract":"This research compares interaction of two non-degradable materials: 2 μm fluorescent beads and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and one degradable biomaterial -- High Aspect Ratio Structure (HARS) biocomposites, with microglial brain cells. White light and fluorescence microscopy were used to capture images and were analyzed using Image Pro Plus 7.0 software. Results show interactions between microglial cells and biomaterials which can be carried out for applications in tissue engineering as well as for testing anti-cancer effects.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128479346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Turki Al Hagbani, M. Nutan, Michael A. Veronin, S. Nazzal
There is an ongoing need for new or alternate approaches to identify innovative pharmaceutical products and distinguish them from counterfeit medicines. In this study we present data that demonstrate how quantitative measurement of the color on the surface of tablets could be used to accomplish this objective. Several proof-of-concept studies were performed in which ColorQuest XE colorimeter was used to measure the tristimulus L*, a*, and b* color values from the surface of pharmaceutical tablets. These values represent the red to green scale (a*), the blue to yellow scale (b*), and the lightness extreme (L*). In a preliminary experiment, significant differences were observed in the surface color of visually identical white tablets from four different products. These differences were found to be product and not batch specific. The utility of colorimetry in identifying imitator products was then demonstrated by comparing the color signatures of the innovator Viagra® tablets to imitator Sildenafil tablets, which were procured from nine different online suppliers. While it is not a fool proof technique, data in this study demonstrates that colorimetry could be used as a simple inexpensive technique to identify innovative products and potentially alleviate the pandemic of counterfeit medicines, especially in areas around the world where counterfeiting is prevalent while sophisticated tools for their detection are not readily available.
{"title":"The Utility of Colorimetry as a Quality Control Tool for the Identification of Pharmaceutical Tablets","authors":"Turki Al Hagbani, M. Nutan, Michael A. Veronin, S. Nazzal","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.28","url":null,"abstract":"There is an ongoing need for new or alternate approaches to identify innovative pharmaceutical products and distinguish them from counterfeit medicines. In this study we present data that demonstrate how quantitative measurement of the color on the surface of tablets could be used to accomplish this objective. Several proof-of-concept studies were performed in which ColorQuest XE colorimeter was used to measure the tristimulus L*, a*, and b* color values from the surface of pharmaceutical tablets. These values represent the red to green scale (a*), the blue to yellow scale (b*), and the lightness extreme (L*). In a preliminary experiment, significant differences were observed in the surface color of visually identical white tablets from four different products. These differences were found to be product and not batch specific. The utility of colorimetry in identifying imitator products was then demonstrated by comparing the color signatures of the innovator Viagra® tablets to imitator Sildenafil tablets, which were procured from nine different online suppliers. While it is not a fool proof technique, data in this study demonstrates that colorimetry could be used as a simple inexpensive technique to identify innovative products and potentially alleviate the pandemic of counterfeit medicines, especially in areas around the world where counterfeiting is prevalent while sophisticated tools for their detection are not readily available.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114764022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Summary form only given. We investigated cellulose nanofibers as a unique template to provide nucleating surface for interfacial crystallization of a block copolymer. Cellulose microfibers were ultrasonically dispersed to generate cellulose nanofibers in the size range of ~ 20-30 nm in diameter, while the block copolymer was crystallized using a solution crystallization approach. The polymer was crystallized on the surface of the cellulose nanofibers as periodically arranged lamellar crystals. The crystal morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the crystallization behavior was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarized light microscopy (PLM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the chemical structure of cellulose-copolymer hybrid system. The crystallinity and the morphology of the polymer varied according to the composition and the concentration of the polymer, respectively. Biological activity of the hybrid system was studied using simulated body fluid (SBF), and the results obtained using osteoblasts cells suggests a novel strategy and potential biomaterial for tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"Cellulose Nanofibers as a Nucleating Template for Interfacial Crystallization of Poly (Ethylene)-b-Poly (Ethylene Glycol)","authors":"D. Depan, Morganna Ochoa, Nina Collazos","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.95","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. We investigated cellulose nanofibers as a unique template to provide nucleating surface for interfacial crystallization of a block copolymer. Cellulose microfibers were ultrasonically dispersed to generate cellulose nanofibers in the size range of ~ 20-30 nm in diameter, while the block copolymer was crystallized using a solution crystallization approach. The polymer was crystallized on the surface of the cellulose nanofibers as periodically arranged lamellar crystals. The crystal morphology was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the crystallization behavior was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarized light microscopy (PLM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to study the chemical structure of cellulose-copolymer hybrid system. The crystallinity and the morphology of the polymer varied according to the composition and the concentration of the polymer, respectively. Biological activity of the hybrid system was studied using simulated body fluid (SBF), and the results obtained using osteoblasts cells suggests a novel strategy and potential biomaterial for tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131027015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Benghuzzi, M. Tucci, I. Farah, E. Hamadain, J. Cameron
It is well documented that glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents that are known to affect cell mediated inflammation by the inhibition of cellular proliferation and cytokine production. The literature is lacking knowledge in elucidating the mode of action of such agents on the transformed like cells in culture. Therefore, RAW (macrophage like) cells was selected as a model to determine the effects of cortisol administration or cortisol in the presence of LPS on the cells metabolic functions. Cells were treated with physiological concentrations of cortisol or cortisol + LPS for periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours. After each phase, cell numbers, cellular damage and cellular morphology were determined. The results indicated cortisol and cortisol + LPS treated cells inhibited cellular proliferation as well as increased cellular MDA levels as early as 24 hours. Overall, the results indicate that cortisol has a remarkable effect on RAW cellular proliferation similar to the reduction seen in our previous findings using HEP-2 cells. In addition to reduction in cellular number the cell's ability to adjust to a bacterial challenge may be directly altered. These results provided important information for patients who are immunosuppressed or chronically exposed to stressful conditions.
{"title":"The Effect of Glucocorticoids and LPS on the Functional Activity of RAW Cell Line","authors":"H. Benghuzzi, M. Tucci, I. Farah, E. Hamadain, J. Cameron","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.68","url":null,"abstract":"It is well documented that glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents that are known to affect cell mediated inflammation by the inhibition of cellular proliferation and cytokine production. The literature is lacking knowledge in elucidating the mode of action of such agents on the transformed like cells in culture. Therefore, RAW (macrophage like) cells was selected as a model to determine the effects of cortisol administration or cortisol in the presence of LPS on the cells metabolic functions. Cells were treated with physiological concentrations of cortisol or cortisol + LPS for periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours. After each phase, cell numbers, cellular damage and cellular morphology were determined. The results indicated cortisol and cortisol + LPS treated cells inhibited cellular proliferation as well as increased cellular MDA levels as early as 24 hours. Overall, the results indicate that cortisol has a remarkable effect on RAW cellular proliferation similar to the reduction seen in our previous findings using HEP-2 cells. In addition to reduction in cellular number the cell's ability to adjust to a bacterial challenge may be directly altered. These results provided important information for patients who are immunosuppressed or chronically exposed to stressful conditions.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128143340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-term hemodialysis is frequently provided with an arteriovenous (AV) graft implanted into an extremity. The useful life of AV grafts is limited by the development of stenosis at or downstream from the venous anastomosis. A better understanding of graft hemodynamics may allow improved assessment of the risk of thrombosis. Jones et al (J Biomech Eng 2005, 127: 60-66) developed a model of pressure losses for an experimental graft circuit using well-known hydrodynamic equations, and showed a reasonable prediction of pressure losses. Their model, however, had a number of assumptions based on the fixed geometry of a fabricated experimental model, whereas actual circuits have non-ideal geometries. The goal of this project was to create a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model using finite element analysis (FEA) based on the experimental graft geometry, simulate flow and pressure drops under the same experimental conditions, and compare results with both the experimental data and the hydrodynamic equation model. The FEA geometry was created in SolidWorks® using identical dimensions to the experimental graft circuit, consisting of an inlet artery, graft conduit, venous outflow, anastomoses and stenosis. The geometry was imported into COMSOL Multiphysics® and meshed with approximately 500,000 elements. Fluid flow was modeled using large eddy simulation with fluid parameters corresponding to the experimental model. Inlet boundary conditions were flow from 100 to 1200 ml/min. The results showed good general agreement with the experimental and hydrodynamic models. These results suggest that CFD can be applied, and would allow the study of various AV graft configurations seen clinically.
长期血液透析通常采用在肢体植入动静脉(AV)移植物。AV移植物的使用寿命受到静脉吻合处或下游狭窄发展的限制。更好地了解移植物血流动力学可以改善血栓形成风险的评估。Jones等人(J Biomech Eng 2005, 127: 60-66)利用著名的流体动力学方程建立了一个实验接枝回路的压力损失模型，并对压力损失进行了合理的预测。然而，他们的模型有许多基于固定几何形状的假设，而实际的电路具有非理想的几何形状。该项目的目标是基于实验接枝几何形状，利用有限元分析(FEA)建立三维计算流体动力学(CFD)模型，模拟相同实验条件下的流量和压降，并将结果与实验数据和流体动力学方程模型进行比较。有限元分析几何图形在SolidWorks®中创建，使用与实验移植电路相同的尺寸，包括入口动脉、移植导管、静脉流出、吻合口和狭窄。几何图形被导入到COMSOL Multiphysics®中，并与大约500,000个元素进行了网格划分。采用大涡模拟方法模拟流体流动，流体参数与实验模型相对应。进口边界条件为流量100 ~ 1200ml /min。计算结果与实验模型和水动力模型基本吻合。这些结果表明CFD可以应用，并且可以研究临床上看到的各种AV移植物构型。
{"title":"Simulation of Pressure Losses in a Hemodialysis Graft Circuit with Computational Fluid Dynamics","authors":"S. Conrad","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.91","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term hemodialysis is frequently provided with an arteriovenous (AV) graft implanted into an extremity. The useful life of AV grafts is limited by the development of stenosis at or downstream from the venous anastomosis. A better understanding of graft hemodynamics may allow improved assessment of the risk of thrombosis. Jones et al (J Biomech Eng 2005, 127: 60-66) developed a model of pressure losses for an experimental graft circuit using well-known hydrodynamic equations, and showed a reasonable prediction of pressure losses. Their model, however, had a number of assumptions based on the fixed geometry of a fabricated experimental model, whereas actual circuits have non-ideal geometries. The goal of this project was to create a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model using finite element analysis (FEA) based on the experimental graft geometry, simulate flow and pressure drops under the same experimental conditions, and compare results with both the experimental data and the hydrodynamic equation model. The FEA geometry was created in SolidWorks® using identical dimensions to the experimental graft circuit, consisting of an inlet artery, graft conduit, venous outflow, anastomoses and stenosis. The geometry was imported into COMSOL Multiphysics® and meshed with approximately 500,000 elements. Fluid flow was modeled using large eddy simulation with fluid parameters corresponding to the experimental model. Inlet boundary conditions were flow from 100 to 1200 ml/min. The results showed good general agreement with the experimental and hydrodynamic models. These results suggest that CFD can be applied, and would allow the study of various AV graft configurations seen clinically.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"439 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125763014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yazan S. Batarseh, Hisham Qosa, Khalid Elsayed, J. Keller, A. Kaddoumi
Summary form only given. Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered one of the most health promoting diets adopted initially by the Mediterranean population. Recent studies showed a link between MD and lowering the incidence of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical and preclinical studies have suggested several health promoting effects for the dietary consumption of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), a major component of MD, that could protect and decrease the risk of developing AD. Moreover, recent studies have linked this protective effect to oleocanthal, a phenolic secoiridoid component of EVOO. Here we provide evidence to support the role of EVOO and oleocanthal in enhancing the clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ), a major pathological hallmark in AD, and reducing the overall inflammatory burden on the brain. In our study, both EVOO and oleocanthal treatment significantly decreased Aβ load in the hippocampal parenchyma and microvessels. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies demonstrated an effect on increasing the expression of important amyloid clearance proteins at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) including P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and to activate the ApoE-dependent amyloid clearance pathway in the mice brains. Additionally, oleocanthal was able to reduce astrocytes activation and IL-1β levels. The reduction in Aβ levels and microvessels deposition could be explained, at least in part, to the enhanced Aβ clearance across the BBB and by ApoE-dependent pathway. In addition, oleocanthal demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing astrocytes activation and IL-1β brain levels, which emphasize the importance of considering EVOO and oleocanthal as a potential therapeutic interventions in AD.
{"title":"Extra-Virgin Olive Oil and Oleocanthal Reduce Amyloid ß Load in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model","authors":"Yazan S. Batarseh, Hisham Qosa, Khalid Elsayed, J. Keller, A. Kaddoumi","doi":"10.1109/SBEC.2016.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBEC.2016.42","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered one of the most health promoting diets adopted initially by the Mediterranean population. Recent studies showed a link between MD and lowering the incidence of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinical and preclinical studies have suggested several health promoting effects for the dietary consumption of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), a major component of MD, that could protect and decrease the risk of developing AD. Moreover, recent studies have linked this protective effect to oleocanthal, a phenolic secoiridoid component of EVOO. Here we provide evidence to support the role of EVOO and oleocanthal in enhancing the clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ), a major pathological hallmark in AD, and reducing the overall inflammatory burden on the brain. In our study, both EVOO and oleocanthal treatment significantly decreased Aβ load in the hippocampal parenchyma and microvessels. Furthermore, our mechanistic studies demonstrated an effect on increasing the expression of important amyloid clearance proteins at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) including P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), and to activate the ApoE-dependent amyloid clearance pathway in the mice brains. Additionally, oleocanthal was able to reduce astrocytes activation and IL-1β levels. The reduction in Aβ levels and microvessels deposition could be explained, at least in part, to the enhanced Aβ clearance across the BBB and by ApoE-dependent pathway. In addition, oleocanthal demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing astrocytes activation and IL-1β brain levels, which emphasize the importance of considering EVOO and oleocanthal as a potential therapeutic interventions in AD.","PeriodicalId":196856,"journal":{"name":"2016 32nd Southern Biomedical Engineering Conference (SBEC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115811370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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