Oral health & preventive dentistry最新文献

Purpose: To analyse the relation between dmft/DMFT and pufa/PUFA indices and markers of systemic inflammation, such as SII, NLR, PLR NEUT, LYMPH and PLT.

Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 59 children with untreated dental caries (patient group) and 59 healthy children without caries (control group). Complete blood count (CBC) parameters were collected from both groups, and systemic inflammation markers, such as the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), were calculated. Additionally, the study utilised the decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) and pulpal involvement, ulceration, fistula, abscess (pufa/PUFA) indices to assess the severity of caries and pulp disease. Normality was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For non-normally distributed data, the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare two independent groups. Pearson's chi-squared test analysed relationships between categorical variables when expected values exceeded 5. Spearman correlation was applied for continuous variables without normal distribution. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 25.

Results: The results demonstrated statistically significant differences in systemic inflammation markers between the two groups. Specifically, children with untreated caries showed statistically significantly higher levels of neutrophils (NEU%), SII, NLR, and PLR compared to the healthy control group. (p 0.01). Furthermore, a statistically significant decrease in lymphocyte count (LYMPH#) was observed in the patient group compared to the control group. However, no statistically significant correlations were found between the clinical severity of caries (as measured by the dmft/DMFT and pufa/PUFA indices) and systemic inflammation markers.

Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that the inflammatory parameters, including NEU%, NLR, PLR, and SII, were elevated in children with untreated caries compared to those without caries. It has been observed that oral health may affect systemic health in children, thus reconfirming the importance of maintaining good oral and dental health.

Purpose: To identify the bacteria and proteins that remain after cleaning and sterilisation of SEs used in dental practices, and to investigate potential problems when reusing SEs.

Materials and methods: In total, 105 SEs used on study participants were collected. The collected SEs were immediately immersed in the disinfectant solution and then washed with tap water and a cleaning brush. The SEs were dried, placed in sterile pouches, and sterilised in an autoclave before being used in the experiment. To detect residual bacteria, SE samples were cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth for 10 days, followed by re-culturing on blood agar and BHI agar. Bacterial identification was performed using bacterial colonies. To identify residual proteins, SE samples were stained with phloxine B, and the stained sites and area were analysed.

Results: Residual bacteria were found in one (1.64%) of 61 sterilised SEs. The cultured colonies were identified as Staphylococcus warneri. Residual proteins were observed on the tips of 36 (81.8%) of the 44 SE samples, and on the bodies of all samples (100%). The average stained area of the residual proteins on the SE bodies was 1.78% (standard deviation, 3.1%).

Conclusion: The presence of bacteria and proteins in sterilised SEs indicates that their reuse can cause cross-contamination. This study is the first attempt to provide experimental evidence of the problems with reuse of SEs.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of potassium iodide (KI), bleaching, and microabrasion on the colour of caries-like lesions treated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF).

Materials and methods: Enamel specimens were demineralised and then randomised into six groups (n = 15): G1, demineralised; G2, remineralised with 38% SDF to create stained remineralised caries-like lesions (s-RCLs); G3, s-RCLs + KI; G4, s-RCLs + KI + at-home bleaching protocol (15% carbamide peroxide (CP), 4 h/d×7); G5, s-RCLs + KI + microabrasion (6.6% hydrochloric acid); G6, s-RCLs + KI + microabrasion and at-home bleaching protocol. Colour was measured spectrophotometrically at baseline, after demineralisation, and after the treatments. Outcomes were analysed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results: The increased colour change after demineralisation (ΔE ≥ 6.7) indicated the creation of white spot lesions. G2 (ΔE = 12.3) and G3 (ΔE = 11.1) were significantly discoloured (P ≤ 0.0039), with no significant difference between them, and significantly darker (P 0.0001) than G1 (ΔE = 0.4) and G5 (ΔE = 4.4). G2 was significantly (P ≤ 0.0325) darker than G1, G4, G5, and G6 (ΔE = 0.4, 8.1, 4.4, 7.9), respectively.

Conclusion: While KI did not reduce SDF staining, microabrasion offered limited aesthetic improvement. However, 15% CP demonstrated greater efficacy in partially improving the colour outcome of SDF-stained lesions.

Purpose: Dental caries is a prevalent global public health issue, influenced by poor oral hygiene and high sugar consumption. Media, particularly advertising, plays a crucial role in shaping these behaviours. While message framing has been widely studied in commercial advertising, little is known about its application in dental health public service announcements (PSAs). This study aims to analyse dental health PSAs and commercial advertisements (ads) through the lens of message framing theory to identify how different framing strategies can enhance audience engagement.

Methods: A systematic YouTube search was conducted to identify advertisements in four categories: dental products, chocolates, sodas, and dental health PSAs. The first three advertisements from each category were analysed. Each ad was evaluated based on its promise, support elements, and core values. The framing strategies used in commercial advertisements were compared with those used in dental health PSAs.

Results: The analysis revealed that commercial advertisements for dental products, chocolates, and sodas employed diverse framing strategies focused on emotional appeals, aligning their messages with values such as success, freedom, and social acceptance. In contrast, dental health PSAs consistently emphasised health related messages supported by educational content.

Conclusions: Dental health PSAs often fail to connect with the public due to their focus on rational, health based appeals, whereas commercial advertisements more effectively engage audiences by framing messages around personal or social values. Reframing dental health PSAs to incorporate emotional drivers and align with audience values, such as freedom, social connection, and success, could improve their effectiveness in promoting oral health behaviours.

Purpose: To evaluate surface roughness and volumetric change of enamel after using different resin remnant removal (RRR) techniques, following orthodontic bracket debonding.

Materials and methods: Metal orthodontic brackets (Mini Twin Brackets, RMO) were bonded to 60 human (central or lateral) labial mid-third surfaces, and debonded 24 h after by a single orthodontist. The remaining composites were completely removed with the fluorescence light guidance by the D-Light-Pro led curing unit (GC/detection mode). The removal procedures were performed without magnification (n = 30) or with 20× magnification/5500 K illumination by a dental microscope (OMS2000, Zumax) (n = 30). Three RRR techniques were used: 12-bladed carbide bur (Horico), red-banded diamond bur (Horico), SofLex Disc (medium/40 μm, fine/24 μm, and superfine/8 µm; 3M). Surface changes were evaluated visually through microscope photographs by enamel surface index (ESI) and volumetrically by overlapping the three-dimensional images of a laser scanner device (LAS-20, SD-Mechatronik) in the Geomagic Design X (3D Systems) software. The deemed significance was set at 0.050 for the statistical analyses.

Results: A positive, strong correlation was found between visual and volumetric change scores (P 0.001). Lesser volumetric loss (P 0.001) and roughness (P = 0.009) were observed for all RRR techniques when the magnification was used. Volumetric loss (mm3) by diamond bur was significantly the highest [1.85(1-3)a], followed by SofLex Disc [1.1(1-1)c] and carbide bur [0.59(0-1)b](P 0.001). Visual surface roughness scores (Ra) were significantly higher for diamond bur [4.5(4-5)b](P 0.001), followed by carbide bur 2(1-3)a and SofLex Disc 1(1-2)a.

Conclusion: Surface roughness should always be assessed together with the volumetric enamel loss for the selection of RRR technique. Red-banded diamond bur should not be used for RRR. Even though the least surface roughness can be provided by SofLex Disc system, it can provide more intact enamel surface loss than the carbide bur. Magnification was considered useful for the RRR to provide a smoother surface while better preserving the intact enamel tissue.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of interdental toothbrush size on subjective satisfaction among users.

Materials and methods: A survey was conducted among interdental toothbrush users visiting a dental clinic in Busan, South Korea. Participants were asked about their interdental toothbrush usage and satisfaction levels. The interdental spaces were measured, and appropriate toothbrush sizes were provided accordingly.

Results: A notable increase in subjective satisfaction was found when participants used interdental toothbrushes tailored to their interdental space. Statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between toothbrush size and satisfaction levels.

Conclusions: Interdental toothbrush size statistically significantly influences subjective satisfaction. To promote oral health, it is imperative to educate individuals about selecting the appropriate toothbrush size. Furthermore, standardisation of interdental toothbrush sizes is recommended to streamline educational efforts and improve user experience across populations.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the factors that hinder self-oral hygiene management behaviour in patients with oral cancer undergoing radiotherapy to inform intervention programme development.

Materials and methods: Based on the capability, motivation, and opportunity-behaviour (COM-B) model, a qualitative study was conducted involving 18 patients with oral cancer receiving radiotherapy at a tertiary hospital from March to June 2024. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were performed to investigate the oral hygiene self-management experience of patients. The results of the interviews were assessed by visual thematic analysis using NVivo 12 software. This article complied with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).

Results: Barriers to self-oral hygiene management in patients with oral cancer undergoing radiotherapy were grouped into three themes: (1) lack of capability (poor oral hygiene awareness, limited oral care knowledge, symptomatic distress), (2) lack of opportunity (financial burden, oral care product accessibility limitations, lack of specialised medical resources, inadequate family functioning), and (3) lack of motivation (low intrinsic motivation, heavy psychological pressure, lifestyle entrenchment).

Conclusion: The capability and motivation of patients undergoing radiotherapy for oral cancer to manage their oral hygiene must be improved, along with external resources for oral hygiene management. The medical team needs to continuously improve guidance on self-oral hygiene management to meet individual needs.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the consumption of live microbes in the diet and adult periodontitis.

Materials and methods: Utilising data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999-2004 and 2009-2014, 16,600 adults who underwent 24-h face-to-face dietary recall and oral health examinations were identified. Dietary live microbe intake was categorised into low, medium, and high levels. To examine the relationship between different levels of dietary live microbe intake and periodontitis, we employed logistic regression, subgroup and restricted cubic spline models.

Results: Upon comprehensive covariate adjustment, low dietary live microbe intake (104 CFU/g) demonstrated a positive association with periodontitis prevalence, while medium intake (104 to 107 CFU/g) showed a negative association. Conversely, no significant associations were observed between high dietary live microbe intake (>107 CFU/g) and periodontitis. Restricted cubic spline analysis confirmed a linear association between low dietary live microbe intake. Moreover, a U-shaped dose-response relationship was identified between medium dietary live microbe intake and periodontitis prevalence.

Conclusions: Moderate intake of medium live microbe food may be more conducive to avoiding the occurrence of periodontitis.

Purpose: Obesity results in many chronic diseases, and appropriate measurement of obesity will accurately evaluate the risks of other diseases. Studies have primarily focused on the correlation between a single obesity index and periodontal diseases, and studies analysing the correlation between obesity and periodontal diseases using two or more obesity indices are scarce. This study was designed to evaluate the risk of periodontal disease by combining body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).

Materials and methods: We analysed BMI and WC of 12,689 adults who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey from 2016 to 2018. Participants' general characteristics included gender, age, marital status, education, income level, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, oral health examination, tooth brushing, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. periodontal diseases were determined using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). BMI and WC were used as obesity indices. BMI was classified into underweight, normal, and high; WC was classified into normal and high. Based on the classifications, participants were categorised into six levels of obesity.

Results: The risk of periodontal disease was higher in groups 4 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.88; [95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.16-4.04]) and Group 6 (OR: 2.91; 95% CI: 2.22-3.83) where WC was high than in Group 5 (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.34-2.40), where BMI was high.

Conclusion: The prevalence of periodontal disease is higher among obese WC subjects. High WC could be a potential risk factor for periodontal disease in adults.

Purpose: The loss of interdental papilla (IDP) is a significant esthetic concern often associated with black triangles (BT). BT are potential consequences of periodontitis, orthodontic treatment, and anatomical variations due to their influence on the critical distance from the contact point to the bone crest. Various treatment options, both invasive and non-invasive, have been proposed to address this issue. Recently, the injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as a promising minimally invasive alternative. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HA injections for IDP reconstruction in esthetic zones in humans.

Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Cochrane library, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Embase databases with keywords like 'interdental papilla,' 'hyaluronic acid,' and 'human'. Change in BT mean height (mm) was considered as the primary outcome while percentage of change in BT area was considered as the secondary outcome.

Results: 177 articles were screened, and 15 eligible studies were included, focusing on the therapeutic effects of HA injections on interdental papilla dimensions in humans. Clinical trials have demonstrated varying degrees of success and patient satisfaction with HA injections for IDP reconstruction over a period of 4 weeks to 25 months. Several studies showed significant improvements related to BT height and width, although complete papilla fill remains unpredictable. Higher success rates were observed in the maxilla compared to the mandible, and patients with thicker gingival phenotype showed better outcomes. The initial size of the defect, the number of HA applications and the analysis method significantly influenced the results.

Conclusion: HA injections look promising for IDP reconstruction. However, the need for multiple injections and long-term efficacy remains to be fully understood. Further research is necessary to standardise treatment protocols and evaluate long-term outcomes and patient satisfaction comprehensively.