Oral health & preventive dentistry最新文献

Purpose: To compare short-term outcomes between membrane perforation and non-perforation patients after simultaneous external elevation with implantation.

Materials and methods: In this retrospective observational study, 60 maxillary posterior tooth-loss patients with an insufficient amount of residual bone for direct implantation were enrolled. All patients underwent simultaneous external elevation and implantation, and were divided into perforation and non-perforation groups according to the postoperative Schneiderian membrane status.

Results: Of the 60 patients, 30 cases (35 implants) were assigned to the membrane perforation group, and 30 (44 implants) were allocated to the non-perforation group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data (p>0.05). In the perforation group, the mean vertical bone gain (VBG) at 6 and 12 months was 6.02±2.14 mm and 5.37±2.22 mm, resp., compared to 6.78±2.59 mm and 6.42±2.64 mm in the non-perforation group, resp. (both p>0.05). Preoperative median Schneiderian membrane thickness (SMT) in the perforation group was 0.77 mm, which was statistically significantly thinner than the 1.24 mm measure in the non-perforation group (p< 0.05); however, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups at 12 months postoperatively (0.80 mm vs 1.25 mm, p>0.05). The marginal bone loss at 1 year after implant restoration in the perforation and non-perforation groups was 0.16±0.10 mm and 0.22±0.12 mm, resp. During postoperative follow-up, the implant survival rate was 100% in the two groups. The incidence of postoperative nasal bleeding in the perforation group was statistically significantly higher compared with that in the non-perforation group (50% vs 16.7%, p<0.05), whereas no statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of facial swelling, intraoral bleeding, wound dehiscence and acute/chronic sinusitis between the two groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions: Schneiderian membrane perforation after simultaneous external elevation and implantation do not adversely affect short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Purpose: The objective was to evaluate the periodontal clinicoradiographic status and whole salivary prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) levels among users of water pipe and cigarettes.

Materials and methods: Demographic data, duration of smoking (pack years), and familial history of smoking were recorded using a questionnaire. Participants were allocated into three groups based on their smoking status: group 1: self-reported cigarette smokers (CS); group 2: self-reported water-pipe-users; and group 3: non-smokers. The assessment included measurements of full-mouth plaque and gingival indices (PI and GI), as well as probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bone loss (MBL). Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and PgE2 levels were measured. Group comparisons were done and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Thirty-three, 34 and 33 individuals were included in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Full mouth PI (p<0.05), GI (p<0.05), PD (p<0.05) and mesial (p<0.05) and distal (p<0.05) MBL were statistically significantly higher among patients in groups 1 and 2 than group 3. The scores of CAL in groups 1 and 2 were 3.45 ± 0.97 and 3.62 ± 1.2 mm, respectively. None of the individuals in the control group displayed CAL. PgE2 levels were statistically significantly higher among patients in groups 1 (231.5 ± 66.3 pg/ml) (p<0.05) and 2 (231.5 ± 66.3 pg/ml) (p<0.05) compared with group 3 (76.6 ± 10.6 pg/ml). In groups 1 and 2, a statistically significant relationship was observed between pack-years, the duration of water-pipe smoking, and the levels of PgE2 and PD.

Conclusion: There is no difference in periodontal clinicoradiographic status and whole salivary PgE2 levels between CS and waterpipe-users; however, these parameters are worse in CS and water-pipe users than in non-smokers.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence, severity, oral distribution, and associated risk factors of carious lesions in the pri- mary teeth in children in Jinzhou, China, aged 7-9 years.

Materials and methods: A total of 1603 primary school students aged 7-9 years old from public and private schools in Jinzhou were recruited using multi-stage, stratified, and random sampling methods for cross-sectional studies. Carious lesions in the primary teeth of school-age children were detected and recorded according to the World Health Organiza- tion standard, and a questionnaire was collected from a parent or guardian with information on the relevant risk factors for the child. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of factors related to carious lesions were estimated using binary logistic regression analysis (p<0.05).

Results: The prevalence of carious lesions in the primary teeth was 74.5%, the average number of carious lesions was 3.02, and dmft was 4.08 ± 2.74. There were 655 cases (77.1%) of dental carious lesions in boys and 546 cases (72.5%) in girls, and the difference between them was statistically significant (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the mother's educational level, brushing frequency, brushing time, and consumption of soft drinks, desserts, and sweets were all associated with a higher prevalence of carious lesions (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The children in our sample had a high incidence of carious lesions of the primary teeth, especially the man- dibular primary molars. Social demographic factors, oral hygiene habits, and dietary habits all play an important role in the occurrence of carious lesions.

Purpose: To examine the anti-caries effect of mouthwashes containing Cibotium barometz J. Smith (CB), a natural substance, and compare it with chlorhexidine and saline solution.

Materials and methods: A randomised, blinded clinical trial was conducted on 76 study participants. The differences between the 3 gargle groups (saline gargle: SAL; chlorhexidine gargle: CHX; CB gargle group: CB) and the differences over time (baseline, after 1 week, after 2 weeks) were compared. To this end, ANOVA was performed on caries-related clinical indicators (e.g. O'Leary plaque index, caries activity, and satisfaction).

Results: The O'Leary index, caries activity, and saliva tests, gradually improved in group CB at one and two weeks. In the case of bacterial tests, unlike SAL and CHX, only in group CB did the decrease occur one and two weeks later. The caries-related indicators decreased significantly over time in group CB compared to SAL and CHX groups, and there was also a statistically significant difference in interaction between groups and time (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The mouthwash containing CB extract showed statistically significant improvement in biofilm adhesion as well as the saliva and bacterial tests compared to SAL and CHX. However, since there were differences in the initial oral conditions of the three groups, additional long-term research is needed through crossover clinical trials to supplement these.

Purpose: To investigate the association of low renal function and overweight with poor periodontal condition in community-dwelling older Japanese women.

Materials and methods: In total, 359 older women (age range: 55-74 years) participated in this study. Two periodontal parameters - the number of teeth with a probing pocket depth (PPD) or clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥ 4 mm - were used as the dependent variables. The principal independent variables were low renal function as defined by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and overweight as defined by the body mass index. Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate the ratio of means (RM).

Results: The RMs of the number of teeth with a PPD or CAL ≥ 4 mm in an adjusted model without an interaction term were 1.21- or 1.27-fold higher among those with an eGFR < 60, while those among the participants with an eGFR < 60 in the adjusted model with interaction terms for the number of teeth with a PPD or CAL ≥ 4 mm were 1.43- or 1.36-fold higher. In addition, increments of periodontal risk with low renal function and overweight showed a slightly smaller to negative trend.

Conclusion: The present findings suggest a connection between unfavourable periodontal health and both renal function and being overweight among older Japanese women. A weak negative interaction was also found between poor renal condition and overweight in relation to periodontal condition.

Purpose: To assess children's OHRQoL and associated factors among a sample of children with special needs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods: A sample of 6- to 12-year-old children was obtained using convenience sampling from rehabilitation centers. Data were collected through a questionnaire and dental examination. The questionnaire included items related to the children's and their families' characteristics, oral health-related quality of life scales (Parental-Caregivers Perceptions Questionnaire [P-CPQ] and Family Impact Scale [FIS]), perceived health status, and dental care utilisation. Clinical examination was performed by a trained and calibrated dentist. The data were analysed using SPSS; descriptive and inferential data analyses were also performed using SPSS.

Results: The mean P-CPQ was 1.10 ± 0.74, and the mean FIS was 1.39 ± 0.88. There was a statistically significant correlation between P-CPQ and caries (r = 0.36, p = 0.02). After controlling for confounders, caries was associated with poor P-CPQ (B = 0.06, p = 0.024). Compared to low-income families, higher-income families had better P-CPQ (4000-8000 SAR: B = -1.36, p = 0.001).

Conclusion: Poor oral health-related quality of life in Saudi children is associated with caries and low income. Preventive measures addressing social determinants are vital to control caries and promote oral health in children with special health-care needs.

Purpose: This in-vitro study aimed to investigate the cleaning efficacy of 18 different manual children's toothbrushes applying horizontal, vertical, and rotational movements, as well as to evaluate the rounding of their filament ends.

Materials and methods: Models equipped with artificial teeth (coated with titanium dioxide) were brushed using a brushing machine with clamped manual children's toothbrushes. The machine carried out horizontal, vertical, and rotational movements for 1 min with a constant contact pressure of 100 g. The percentage of the area of titanium dioxide removed from the buccal, mesial, distal and total surfaces of the artificial teeth corresponded to the cleaning efficacy. To assess the filament design, a scanning electron microscope was used to check the morphology of the filaments which was scored with Silverstone and Featherstone scale. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis.

Results: The rotational and the vertical movements achieved the best cleaning efficacy with all tested toothbrushes. The vast majority of the tested toothbrushes had their poorest cleaning efficacy in the horizontal movement. Only a small part of the children's toothbrushes (3 out of 18) had a correct and acceptable proportion of rounded bristle ends.

Conclusions: Based on the present results, it could be concluded that the cleaning efficacy of different manual children's toothbrushes varied considerably. The best cleaning efficacy was almost always observed for rotational and vertical movements.

Purpose: Gingivitis and periodontitis are oral disorders characterised by chronic inflammation, impacting the supportive structures around teeth due to bacterial accumulation. While the role of inflammation in both periodontitis and dry eye disease (DED) has been established individually, their potential association remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between periodontitis and the manifestation of signs and symptoms related to DED in patients aged 18-40.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving healthy controls, DED patients with or without periodontitis, and patients with periodontitis without DED. Ophthalmic and oral examinations were performed, and demographic, ocular, and systemic disease data were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and chi-squared tests.

Results: A total of 684 participants were included in the study. Significant elevations in tear osmolarity levels, increased Ocular Surface Disease Index scores (OSDI), and decreased tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer (ST-I) values were observed in DED patients with periodontitis compared to individuals with DED but without periodontitis, as well as control and periodontitis groups. Furthermore, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) were found in DED patients with periodontitis.

Conclusion: The findings suggest an association between periodontitis and the severity of signs and symptoms related to DED. The study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in understanding the systemic implications of periodontal disease and its potential impact on ocular health.

Purpose: To assess the prevalence and configuration of bifid (BMC) and trifid (TMC) mandibular canals using computed tomography (CT), describing the anatomical characteristics of the accessory canals, especially of the retromolar type.

Materials and methods: CT scans of 123 patients were analysed. BMCs were identified and the patterns of bifurcation were classified, including trifid canals. The width of accessory canals was measured. Retromolar canals were further classified according to their course and morphology, while their position and width were evaluated using linear measurements on CT images.

Results: The majority of patients (53.6%) presented at least one BMC or TMC. 36.2% of mandibular canals were bifid, while 4.5% were trifid. The forward canals (12.6%) and retromolar canals (10.2%) were the most common among BMCs. In relation to the retromolar canals, 60% were vertical and 40% curved, with a mean width of 1.03 ± 0.28mm.

Conclusion: BMCs and TMCs are common 3D radiographic findings, so that they should be considered as anatomical variations, not anomalies. Preoperative CT or CBCT evaluation should aid in identifying these variations and analysing their position and course in surgical planning.

Purpose: To compare the regenerative clinical and radiographic effects of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (xHyA) with enamel matrix proteins (EMD) at six months after regenerative treatment of periodontal intrabony defects.

Materials and methods: Sixty patients presenting one intrabony defect each were randomly assigned into control (EMD) and test (xHyA) groups. Clinical attachment level (CAL) gain was the primary outcome, while pocket probing depth (PPD), gingival recession (REC), bleeding on probing (BOP), full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS), and radiographic parameters such as defect depth (BC-BD), and defect width (DW) were considered secondary outcome variables. Parameters were recorded at baseline and after 6 months.

Results: At the 6-month follow-up, 54 patients were available for statistical analysis. In the control and test groups, the mean CAL gain was statistically significant in the intragroup comparison (p < 0.001). 48.1% of test sites showed a CAL gain ≤ 2 mm compared with 33.3% of control sites. The mean PPD reduction was statistically significant in the intragroup comparison in both groups (p < 0.001). The mean REC increase was similar in the two groups: 1.04 ± 1.29 mm vs 1.11 ± 1.22 mm (test vs control). The mean BC-BD, DW, FMPS, FMBS, and BOP changed statistically significantly only in the intragroup comparison, not in the intergroup comparison.

Conclusion: Both treatments, EMD and xHyA, produced similar statistically significant clinical and radiographical improvements after six months when compared with baseline.