Résumé Depuis plus d’un siècle maintenant, la polémique continue sur les origines des langues orientales ou plus exactement levantines et que l’on appelle « sémitiques » aussi bien que leurs ramifications dialectales. On y inclut très souvent une langue moderne nouvellement créée, « l’hébreu », la considérant comme la base des langues sémitiques. Or c’est une erreur fréquente, car il n’existe pas de langue hébraïque ancienne, il y a simplement une langue moderne qui date seulement de 1950, taillée sur mesure par les emprunts de l’araméen-syriaque et appelée « l’hébreu moderne ». Les toponymes en tant que « fossiles linguistiques » gardent par leur continuité à travers les siècles, leur prononciation originelle, quoique déformée du fait de la transmission orale qui altère en quelque sorte la prononciation originelle. Se basant sur l’étude des noms de lieux ou la toponymie aussi bien que sur les témoignages inscrits provenant du sol du Levant, les épigraphistes, voire les linguistes, peuvent commodément définir à juste titre les langues sémitiques, dont le syriaque reste le plus influent et se classe comme l’origine directe de l’arabe dialectal aussi bien que l’arabe classique actuel, l’écrit en particulier.Toutefois, bien que ce soit une réalité scientifiques approuvée, nombre de chercheurs continuent à dire le contraire, d’où l’importance des études que nous menons toujours, comme l’étude présente. Mots-clé : Langue Syriaque, Alphabet, Toponymie, Tradition Orale, Etymologie, Syrie.
{"title":"Sur la Polémique des Origines Linguistiques des Noms de Lieux","authors":"","doi":"10.47012/jjmll.14.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.14.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé\u0000Depuis plus d’un siècle maintenant, la polémique continue sur les origines des langues orientales ou plus exactement levantines et que l’on appelle « sémitiques » aussi bien que leurs ramifications dialectales. On y inclut très souvent une langue moderne nouvellement créée, « l’hébreu », la considérant comme la base des langues sémitiques. Or c’est une erreur fréquente, car il n’existe pas de langue hébraïque ancienne, il y a simplement une langue moderne qui date seulement de 1950, taillée sur mesure par les emprunts de l’araméen-syriaque et appelée « l’hébreu moderne ». Les toponymes en tant que « fossiles linguistiques » gardent par leur continuité à travers les siècles, leur prononciation originelle, quoique déformée du fait de la transmission orale qui altère en quelque sorte la prononciation originelle. Se basant sur l’étude des noms de lieux ou la toponymie aussi bien que sur les témoignages inscrits provenant du sol du Levant, les épigraphistes, voire les linguistes, peuvent commodément définir à juste titre les langues sémitiques, dont le syriaque reste le plus influent et se classe comme l’origine directe de l’arabe dialectal aussi bien que l’arabe classique actuel, l’écrit en particulier.Toutefois, bien que ce soit une réalité scientifiques approuvée, nombre de chercheurs continuent à dire le contraire, d’où l’importance des études que nous menons toujours, comme l’étude présente.\u0000Mots-clé : Langue Syriaque, Alphabet, Toponymie, Tradition Orale, Etymologie, Syrie.","PeriodicalId":197303,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures","volume":"271 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116845263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In short stories like Mary E. Wilkins Freeman’s “A Village Singer,” Kate Chopin’s “Desiree’s Baby,” and Sarah Orne Jewett’s “A White Heron,” local guests are presented as peace-crashers, intruders, and individuals who play a negative, and even at times, a destructive role in the lives of the female protagonists of the stories. This paper will examine the role such guests play in the above-mentioned stories of local-color writings. Moreover, the paper will bring into light the strategies that the female protagonists use in order to deal with the intrusion of these guests. Respectively, the strategies are rebellion, departure, and affiliating with nature. Keywords: Persona Non Grata; Intruders; Rebellion; Departure; Nature.
在玛丽·e·威尔金斯·弗里曼(Mary E. Wilkins Freeman)的《乡村歌手》(A Village Singer)、凯特·肖邦(Kate Chopin)的《德西蕾的孩子》(Desiree 's Baby)和莎拉·欧恩·朱伊特(Sarah Orne Jewett)的《一只白鸽》(A White Heron)等短篇小说中，当地客人被描绘成和平破坏者、入侵者，以及在故事中女主角的生活中扮演消极甚至有时是破坏性角色的个人。本文将考察这些客人在上述地方色彩写作故事中所扮演的角色。此外，本文还将揭示女主人公在处理这些客人的入侵时所使用的策略。这三种策略分别是叛逆、背离和亲近自然。关键词:不受欢迎的人;入侵者;叛乱;离开;大自然。
{"title":"Persona Non Grata in Selected American Local Color Short Stories","authors":"Ghada Sasa","doi":"10.47012/jjmll.14.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.14.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"In short stories like Mary E. Wilkins Freeman’s “A Village Singer,” Kate Chopin’s “Desiree’s Baby,” and Sarah Orne Jewett’s “A White Heron,” local guests are presented as peace-crashers, intruders, and individuals who play a negative, and even at times, a destructive role in the lives of the female protagonists of the stories. This paper will examine the role such guests play in the above-mentioned stories of local-color writings. Moreover, the paper will bring into light the strategies that the female protagonists use in order to deal with the intrusion of these guests. Respectively, the strategies are rebellion, departure, and affiliating with nature. \u0000Keywords: Persona Non Grata; Intruders; Rebellion; Departure; Nature.","PeriodicalId":197303,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129476501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Résumé L’aisance à l’oral constitue l’un des facteurs majeurs qui témoignent d’une compétence orale développée chez l’apprenant du FLE. Néanmoins, des constats sur le terrain universitaire algérien ont soulevé des difficultés manifestées par les étudiants en matière de fluidité et de continuité dans leur prise de parole. La raison pour laquelle, le présent article se donne pour mission de déterminer l’une des causes de ce manque d’aisance à travers l’étude du rapport qui peut exister entre cette dernière et les compétences émotionnelles. Pour ce faire, les étudiants ont été soumis à des tests d’intelligence émotionnelle élaborés par Brasseur et al. (2013) dans le but de mesurer leur quotient émotionnel. De même, des analyses ont été effectuées sur des productions orales de ces derniers dans l’objectif de mesurer leur aisance verbale. Les résultats de cette étude ont attesté une corrélation significative entre l’aisance verbale et les compétences émotionnelles des étudiants universitaires interrogés. Mots-clés : Compétences Emotionnelles ; Intelligence Emotionnelle ; Aisance à l’Oral; Compétence Orale ; Etudiants Universitaires ; Français Langue Etrangère.
{"title":"Compétences Emotionnelles et Aisance à l’Oral en FLE: Quel Rapport? Pour Quelles Perspectives? Cas des Etudiants Universitaires de 2ème Année Licence en Langue Française","authors":"","doi":"10.47012/jjmll.14.2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.14.2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé\u0000L’aisance à l’oral constitue l’un des facteurs majeurs qui témoignent d’une compétence orale développée chez l’apprenant du FLE. Néanmoins, des constats sur le terrain universitaire algérien ont soulevé des difficultés manifestées par les étudiants en matière de fluidité et de continuité dans leur prise de parole. La raison pour laquelle, le présent article se donne pour mission de déterminer l’une des causes de ce manque d’aisance à travers l’étude du rapport qui peut exister entre cette dernière et les compétences émotionnelles. Pour ce faire, les étudiants ont été soumis à des tests d’intelligence émotionnelle élaborés par Brasseur et al. (2013) dans le but de mesurer leur quotient émotionnel. De même, des analyses ont été effectuées sur des productions orales de ces derniers dans l’objectif de mesurer leur aisance verbale. Les résultats de cette étude ont attesté une corrélation significative entre l’aisance verbale et les compétences émotionnelles des étudiants universitaires interrogés. \u0000Mots-clés : Compétences Emotionnelles ; Intelligence Emotionnelle ; Aisance à l’Oral; Compétence Orale ; Etudiants Universitaires ; Français Langue Etrangère.","PeriodicalId":197303,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125940847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dans cette présente étude, nous nous intéressons à répondre à quelques questions concernant la traduction des versets coraniques en classe de langue, champ peu abordé jusqu’à aujourd’hui dans les départements de français en Irak. Comment l’enseignant-traducteur élabore-t-il un cours de traduction où le support utilisé se compose des textes du Saint Coran ? Quels sont les objectifs de l’enseignant-traducteur ? Quelles difficultés sémantiques et morphosyntaxiques auxquelles l’enseignant fait face ? Comment enseigner à bien comprendre les textes coraniques avant de les traduire en français ? Ces questions, entre autres, suscitent l’intérêt et la problématique de notre travail. Le domaine de cette étude fait partie de la traduction didactique pratiquée en classe de langue et qui se distingue de la traduction professionnelle par le simple fait que cette dernière s’enseigne dans les instituts de formation des traducteurs. Le Saint Coran représente une source inépuisable des règles grammaticales, des cultures des musulmans, des instructions de tolérance et du respect des autres et de leurs convictions que doit connaitre la jeunesse d’aujourd’hui. Mots-clés: Textes Coraniques, Elaboration, Didactique, Traduction, Linguistique, Langue Etrangère.
{"title":"Elaboration d’un Cours de Traduction dans une Classe de FLE Irakienne: des Versets Coraniques Comme Modèle","authors":"","doi":"10.47012/jjmll.14.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.14.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Dans cette présente étude, nous nous intéressons à répondre à quelques questions concernant la traduction des versets coraniques en classe de langue, champ peu abordé jusqu’à aujourd’hui dans les départements de français en Irak. Comment l’enseignant-traducteur élabore-t-il un cours de traduction où le support utilisé se compose des textes du Saint Coran ? Quels sont les objectifs de l’enseignant-traducteur ? Quelles difficultés sémantiques et morphosyntaxiques auxquelles l’enseignant fait face ? Comment enseigner à bien comprendre les textes coraniques avant de les traduire en français ? Ces questions, entre autres, suscitent l’intérêt et la problématique de notre travail. Le domaine de cette étude fait partie de la traduction didactique pratiquée en classe de langue et qui se distingue de la traduction professionnelle par le simple fait que cette dernière s’enseigne dans les instituts de formation des traducteurs. Le Saint Coran représente une source inépuisable des règles grammaticales, des cultures des musulmans, des instructions de tolérance et du respect des autres et de leurs convictions que doit connaitre la jeunesse d’aujourd’hui.\u0000Mots-clés: Textes Coraniques, Elaboration, Didactique, Traduction, Linguistique, Langue Etrangère.","PeriodicalId":197303,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127851509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olumide Ogunrotimi, Omolade Bamigboye, S. A. Omotunde
This paper attempts a deconstruction of the practice of politics across cultures, using Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men and Chinua Achebe's A Man of the People. The study analyses the connection between political culture in a democratic climate and political actors' operation of the democratic system. It examines the presence of several narrative parallels that connect the novels and particularly the character of the two narrators and the politicians whose stories seem representative of the general trends in the selected novels. However, the study also discovers that the few peculiarities that distinguish the two political cultures and the politicians in the novels are part of larger socio-political constructs. Hence, while the contexts in the novels share certain variables of political corruption, voter susceptibility, and democratic excesses, also highlighted are peculiarities of contexts like consistent strivings to ameliorate the democratic process 'in America' and a general inclination towards sycophancy which, among other things, impairs and undermines democratic objectives 'in Nigeria'. Keywords: political culture; democracy; fiction; American politics; Nigerian politics.
{"title":"Politics across Cultures: A Comparative Study of Robert Penn Warren's\u0000 All the King's Men and Chinua Achebe's A Man of the People","authors":"Olumide Ogunrotimi, Omolade Bamigboye, S. A. Omotunde","doi":"10.47012/jjmll.14.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.14.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts a deconstruction of the practice of politics across cultures, using Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men and Chinua Achebe's A Man of the People. The study analyses the connection between political culture in a democratic climate and political actors' operation of the democratic system. It examines the presence of several narrative parallels that connect the novels and particularly the character of the two narrators and the politicians whose stories seem representative of the general trends in the selected novels. However, the study also discovers that the few peculiarities that distinguish the two political cultures and the politicians in the novels are part of larger socio-political constructs. Hence, while the contexts in the novels share certain variables of political corruption, voter susceptibility, and democratic excesses, also highlighted are peculiarities of contexts like consistent strivings to ameliorate the democratic process 'in America' and a general inclination towards sycophancy which, among other things, impairs and undermines democratic objectives 'in Nigeria'.\u0000Keywords: political culture; democracy; fiction; American politics; Nigerian politics.","PeriodicalId":197303,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117107902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L'acte d'écrire paraît la nouvelle stratégie de la femme irakienne pour manifester son refus à l'autorité masculine et pour rejeter la nouvelle situation imposée en Irak après la guerre de 2003. Son action dans l'espace public se montre claire pendant cette période-là, elle agit activement dans seul objectif de se libérer des restrictions antérieures et récentes. Ainsi est né un nouvel espace féminin où la femme écrivaine irakienne arrive à franchir les frontières du tabou: la politique, la religion et le corps, et entre en conflit avec le pouvoir viril. Les Yeux d'Inana, anthologie des nouvelles courtes et des poèmes écrits par des écrivaines irakiennes, parlent des expériences personnelles et soulignent une évolution de l'écriture féministe en Irak. Leur lutte ne vise pas seulement la reconnaissance et l'autonomie, mais aussi le besoin d'être à la surface de l'espace social. La femme n'est plus identifiée uniquement à l'espace privé ou domestique. Mots-clés: Écriture, Femme, Guerre, Occupation, Société.
{"title":"L'Écriture Féministe en Irak entre l'Espace Social et l'Espace Privé:\u0000 l'Exemple des Yeux d'Inana","authors":"Tagrid Abood","doi":"10.47012/jjmll.14.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.14.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"L'acte d'écrire paraît la nouvelle stratégie de la femme irakienne pour manifester son refus à l'autorité masculine et pour rejeter la nouvelle situation imposée en Irak après la guerre de 2003. Son action dans l'espace public se montre claire pendant cette période-là, elle agit activement dans seul objectif de se libérer des restrictions antérieures et récentes. Ainsi est né un nouvel espace féminin où la femme écrivaine irakienne arrive à franchir les frontières du tabou: la politique, la religion et le corps, et entre en conflit avec le pouvoir viril. Les Yeux d'Inana, anthologie des nouvelles courtes et des poèmes écrits par des écrivaines irakiennes, parlent des expériences personnelles et soulignent une évolution de l'écriture féministe en Irak. Leur lutte ne vise pas seulement la reconnaissance et l'autonomie, mais aussi le besoin d'être à la surface de l'espace social. La femme n'est plus identifiée uniquement à l'espace privé ou domestique.\u0000Mots-clés: Écriture, Femme, Guerre, Occupation, Société.","PeriodicalId":197303,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129768827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the effect of corpus-based activities on learning verb–noun collocations in Saudi EFL classes. The differences between those who were instructed through the corpus-based method and those who were taught using the traditional method were analysed using pre- and post-collocation tests provided to 62 female university students. Fifteen verb–noun collocations were used. The results of the study show a significant positive change in the learning level of the experimental group that was given corpus-based activities. There were significant differences between the experimental and the control group; the latter group was only exposed to coursebooks and dictionaries. These findings will help facilitate the verb–noun collocations learning process for learners of English as a foreign language. They will also benefit language teachers and curriculum designers in focusing on modifying teaching methods. Keywords: Corpus-based materials, verb–noun collocations, corpus linguistics, EFL classes, Saudi.
{"title":"Effect of Corpus-based Activities on Learning Verb–Noun \u0000Collocations in Saudi EFL Classes","authors":"A. Almegren","doi":"10.47012/jjmll.14.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.14.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effect of corpus-based activities on learning verb–noun collocations in Saudi EFL classes. The differences between those who were instructed through the corpus-based method and those who were taught using the traditional method were analysed using pre- and post-collocation tests provided to 62 female university students. Fifteen verb–noun collocations were used. The results of the study show a significant positive change in the learning level of the experimental group that was given corpus-based activities. There were significant differences between the experimental and the control group; the latter group was only exposed to coursebooks and dictionaries. These findings will help facilitate the verb–noun collocations learning process for learners of English as a foreign language. They will also benefit language teachers and curriculum designers in focusing on modifying teaching methods.\u0000Keywords: Corpus-based materials, verb–noun collocations, corpus linguistics, EFL classes, Saudi.","PeriodicalId":197303,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115035307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper starts with exploring the internal syntactic structure of the vocative nominals in regional Jordanian Arabic sub-varieties. It shows that a vocative nominal can be either a full DP or a bare NP in the target three Jordanian sub-varieties, namely, Rural (RJA), Urban (UJA) and Bedouin (BJA) Jordanian Arabic. However, they differ in terms of the manifestation of D0. To illustrate, definiteness in RJA and UJA can only be obtained by a possessive pronominal clitic, whereas the definite article can merge with the vocative nominal in BJA. This should contribute to the vocative DP vs. NP debate in the relevant literature: it implies that data from Jordanian Arabic (JA) do not support the claim that languages should fall into a paradigm, i.e., the vocatives in a certain language must have a specific syntactic nature (either full DP or bare NP). The main goal of this paper is to argue for syntax-pragmatic interface. It is to show that these sub-varieties developed a pragmatic function to determiners within vocative phrases. First, we show that the definite article, which can combine vocative nominals only in BJA, developed a pragmatic function that defines the interpersonal relation between interlocutors. To clarify, the presence of the definite article with a nominal referring to a superior addressee or a good trait of him/her is interpreted as respecting and raising the status of the addressee, whereas its co-occurrence with a nominal referring to an inferior addressee or a bad trait is to condescend the addressee. On the other hand, if the vocative nominal is status-neutral, this neutralizes the intensifying function of the article. On this basis, the peculiarity of the definite article in BJA within vocatives is that its function is defined with reference to the vocative nominal. Additionally, the presence of the possessive pronominal clitic -na '1PL.POSS' with the vocative nominal is to raise the status of the addressee or show more respect to him/her. This implies that pragmatics interfaces with syntax while deriving the vocative phrase, consistent with Hill (2007, 2017) and Wiltschko and Heim (2016): a pragmatic function is assigned to D0 while deriving the syntax of vocatives, and therefore this function should not be post-syntactic. Keywords: Determiners; Jordanian Arabic; Pragmatics-Syntax Interface; Vocative Nominals.
{"title":"On Pragmatics-syntax Interface: The Case of Vocative Nominals \u0000in Jordanian Arabic","authors":"A. Jaradat, Bassil Mashaqba, A. Huneety","doi":"10.47012/jjmll.14.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.14.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper starts with exploring the internal syntactic structure of the vocative nominals in regional Jordanian Arabic sub-varieties. It shows that a vocative nominal can be either a full DP or a bare NP in the target three Jordanian sub-varieties, namely, Rural (RJA), Urban (UJA) and Bedouin (BJA) Jordanian Arabic. However, they differ in terms of the manifestation of D0. To illustrate, definiteness in RJA and UJA can only be obtained by a possessive pronominal clitic, whereas the definite article can merge with the vocative nominal in BJA. This should contribute to the vocative DP vs. NP debate in the relevant literature: it implies that data from Jordanian Arabic (JA) do not support the claim that languages should fall into a paradigm, i.e., the vocatives in a certain language must have a specific syntactic nature (either full DP or bare NP). The main goal of this paper is to argue for syntax-pragmatic interface. It is to show that these sub-varieties developed a pragmatic function to determiners within vocative phrases. First, we show that the definite article, which can combine vocative nominals only in BJA, developed a pragmatic function that defines the interpersonal relation between interlocutors. To clarify, the presence of the definite article with a nominal referring to a superior addressee or a good trait of him/her is interpreted as respecting and raising the status of the addressee, whereas its co-occurrence with a nominal referring to an inferior addressee or a bad trait is to condescend the addressee. On the other hand, if the vocative nominal is status-neutral, this neutralizes the intensifying function of the article. On this basis, the peculiarity of the definite article in BJA within vocatives is that its function is defined with reference to the vocative nominal. Additionally, the presence of the possessive pronominal clitic -na '1PL.POSS' with the vocative nominal is to raise the status of the addressee or show more respect to him/her. This implies that pragmatics interfaces with syntax while deriving the vocative phrase, consistent with Hill (2007, 2017) and Wiltschko and Heim (2016): a pragmatic function is assigned to D0 while deriving the syntax of vocatives, and therefore this function should not be post-syntactic.\u0000Keywords: Determiners; Jordanian Arabic; Pragmatics-Syntax Interface; Vocative Nominals.","PeriodicalId":197303,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122014685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a pragmatic analysis of the speech act of criticism as used on Facebook and Twitter against government policies in Jordan. It examines the effect of gender on the participants’ choice of criticism strategies. The data obtained comprises 300 public posts, comments, and tweets. An adapted version of Nguyen’s (2005) framework of criticism strategies is used to analyse the data. The results reveal that the most frequently used strategies by the writers of the posts, comments, and tweets are sarcasm, identification of a problem, grievance/complaint to God, and negative evaluation, respectively. The results also showcase that men and women use some criticism strategies differently: Men tend to make more use of expression of uncertainty and asking/presupposing while women tend to use grievance/complaint to Allah and emojis/pictures. The study shows how language used on social media is a strong indicator of the distrust in the government-citizen relationship evident in the writers’ expression of uncertainty about the government’s decisions. Keywords: Speech Act of Criticism, Media Discourse, Socio-Pragmatics, Government.
{"title":"A Pragmatic Analysis of Criticism Strategies against Government Policies on Social Media in Jordan: A Gender-Based Investigation","authors":"Sumaya Alshakhanbeh, Sharif Alghazo","doi":"10.47012/jjmll.14.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.14.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a pragmatic analysis of the speech act of criticism as used on Facebook and Twitter against government policies in Jordan. It examines the effect of gender on the participants’ choice of criticism strategies. The data obtained comprises 300 public posts, comments, and tweets. An adapted version of Nguyen’s (2005) framework of criticism strategies is used to analyse the data. The results reveal that the most frequently used strategies by the writers of the posts, comments, and tweets are sarcasm, identification of a problem, grievance/complaint to God, and negative evaluation, respectively. The results also showcase that men and women use some criticism strategies differently: Men tend to make more use of expression of uncertainty and asking/presupposing while women tend to use grievance/complaint to Allah and emojis/pictures. The study shows how language used on social media is a strong indicator of the distrust in the government-citizen relationship evident in the writers’ expression of uncertainty about the government’s decisions. \u0000Keywords: Speech Act of Criticism, Media Discourse, Socio-Pragmatics, Government.","PeriodicalId":197303,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115454793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to show how Robert Lowell’s first volumes Land of Unlikeness and Lord Weary’s Castle can be examined from a trauma conceptual point of view. It attempts to explore Lowell’s representation of his traumatic experiences in his early poetry by drawing heavily on Freud’s and Cathy Caruth’s theorizations of trauma. More specifically, the paper attempts to illustrate how Lowell’s mode of representing his traumatic experience of World War II is based on witnessing and documenting the war events and how he endeavors to use this mode of representation as a strategy for transcending his war trauma. In his first two volumes, Lowell identifies with the war sufferers and becomes so much imbued with their trauma that he starts to experience a secondary trauma. However, he attempts to survive his trauma by using two alternative strategies which conform to specific psychoanalytic techniques of healing trauma. He achieves this through his spiritual resignation and alternatively through his description of the traumatic scenes of World War II in order to reassure himself that these war scenes are only a matter of the past. Keywords: War poetry; Robert Lowell; Land of Unlikeness; Lord Weary’s Castle; trauma; Freud; Cathy
{"title":"The Prophetic Voice of a War-traumatized Poet: Representation of \u0000Trauma in the Early Poetry of Robert Lowell","authors":"R. Lowell, M. Rateb","doi":"10.47012/jjmll.14.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.14.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to show how Robert Lowell’s first volumes Land of Unlikeness and Lord Weary’s Castle can be examined from a trauma conceptual point of view. It attempts to explore Lowell’s representation of his traumatic experiences in his early poetry by drawing heavily on Freud’s and Cathy Caruth’s theorizations of trauma. More specifically, the paper attempts to illustrate how Lowell’s mode of representing his traumatic experience of World War II is based on witnessing and documenting the war events and how he endeavors to use this mode of representation as a strategy for transcending his war trauma. In his first two volumes, Lowell identifies with the war sufferers and becomes so much imbued with their trauma that he starts to experience a secondary trauma. However, he attempts to survive his trauma by using two alternative strategies which conform to specific psychoanalytic techniques of healing trauma. He achieves this through his spiritual resignation and alternatively through his description of the traumatic scenes of World War II in order to reassure himself that these war scenes are only a matter of the past. \u0000Keywords: War poetry; Robert Lowell; Land of Unlikeness; Lord Weary’s Castle; trauma; Freud; Cathy","PeriodicalId":197303,"journal":{"name":"Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literatures","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115909200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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