Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.119
H. W. Risni, R. Sauriasari, Oriza Satifa
HF (heart failure) is associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and health expenditure. HF prevalence in the Indonesian population is 5%, which is higher than Asia as a whole, Europe, and the US. The mortality rate for HF in Southeast Asia is approximately 13%. Diuretics are used in HF patients to treat dyspnea and edema in those with symptoms and signs of congestion as manifested by excess body fluid. The most widely used diuretics are loop diuretics such as furosemide. Tolvaptan, a V2 (vasopressin 2) receptor antagonist, has been used in many countries as an adjunct to diuretic therapy for HF. In the US, tolvaptan is indicated for hypervolemic or euvolemic hyponatremic patients, including those with acute HF. In Asian countries, including Indonesia, tolvaptan can also be used in normonatremic HF patients who have volume overload and do not respond to conventional diuretics. Various clinical trials and retrospective studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan. The EVEREST clinical trial of tolvaptan showed survival rates were not superior to those in the placebo group, but survival rate was shown to increase in hyponatremic patients. Therefore, there are indications that the optimal effect of tolvaptan can be achieved by use in specific populations. The identification of responders to and predictors for tolvaptan use are consequently important for developing individual treatment plans. In addition, the use of tolvaptan is still hampered by its relatively high price. National insurance in Indonesia does not cover tolvaptan, thus, health professionals need a strategy for
{"title":"Tolvaptan response predictors in acute heart failure patients with congestion","authors":"H. W. Risni, R. Sauriasari, Oriza Satifa","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.119","url":null,"abstract":"HF (heart failure) is associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and health expenditure. HF prevalence in the Indonesian population is 5%, which is higher than Asia as a whole, Europe, and the US. The mortality rate for HF in Southeast Asia is approximately 13%. Diuretics are used in HF patients to treat dyspnea and edema in those with symptoms and signs of congestion as manifested by excess body fluid. The most widely used diuretics are loop diuretics such as furosemide. Tolvaptan, a V2 (vasopressin 2) receptor antagonist, has been used in many countries as an adjunct to diuretic therapy for HF. In the US, tolvaptan is indicated for hypervolemic or euvolemic hyponatremic patients, including those with acute HF. In Asian countries, including Indonesia, tolvaptan can also be used in normonatremic HF patients who have volume overload and do not respond to conventional diuretics. Various clinical trials and retrospective studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan. The EVEREST clinical trial of tolvaptan showed survival rates were not superior to those in the placebo group, but survival rate was shown to increase in hyponatremic patients. Therefore, there are indications that the optimal effect of tolvaptan can be achieved by use in specific populations. The identification of responders to and predictors for tolvaptan use are consequently important for developing individual treatment plans. In addition, the use of tolvaptan is still hampered by its relatively high price. National insurance in Indonesia does not cover tolvaptan, thus, health professionals need a strategy for","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79755913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.04.21.122
T. Nguyen, C. Do, Annie L Vong, C. Farrell, T. Dang, T. Than, Duong Le, Khoa Duong
Providing palliative care service involves ensuring adequate pain control, which may necessitate the use of opioids. Vietnam has a long history of limited availability of opioids, resulting in healthcare providers’ inexperience and discomfort with prescribing them. This leads to unnecessary patients suffering due to undertreatment of pain. This cross-sectional study examined the impact of the first pharmacist-led online education program in a university hospital in Vietnam on learners’ knowledge and perceived confidence in managing opioids for analgesia in the palliative care setting. Participants filled out a voluntary survey utilizing a five-point Likert scale, within one week of completing the program. We used descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models to analyze the data. Of the 480 participants enrolled, 28.3% completed the post-course survey. On a scale of 1 to 5, participants reported positive scores in all endpoints, with a mean score ranging from 3.57 0.99 to 3.96 0.83. Significant improvement was seen in confidence with using opioids after the course ( p <0.001). Increased confidence was positively correlated with improvement in knowledge of palliative care ( p =0.035), weighing the benefits versus risks of using opioids ( p =0.044), and recognizing of barriers to opioid accessibility ( p =0.032). The program resulted in high satisfaction in the quality of the education, with a mean score of 4.44±0.66. In conclusion, an online palliative care education program focused on the safe and effective use of opioids in the palliative care setting was significantly effective at improving knowledge and confidence among Vietnamese healthcare providers.
{"title":"Impact of a pharmacist-led palliative care education program focused on the appropriate use of opioids in Vietnam","authors":"T. Nguyen, C. Do, Annie L Vong, C. Farrell, T. Dang, T. Than, Duong Le, Khoa Duong","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.04.21.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.04.21.122","url":null,"abstract":"Providing palliative care service involves ensuring adequate pain control, which may necessitate the use of opioids. Vietnam has a long history of limited availability of opioids, resulting in healthcare providers’ inexperience and discomfort with prescribing them. This leads to unnecessary patients suffering due to undertreatment of pain. This cross-sectional study examined the impact of the first pharmacist-led online education program in a university hospital in Vietnam on learners’ knowledge and perceived confidence in managing opioids for analgesia in the palliative care setting. Participants filled out a voluntary survey utilizing a five-point Likert scale, within one week of completing the program. We used descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models to analyze the data. Of the 480 participants enrolled, 28.3% completed the post-course survey. On a scale of 1 to 5, participants reported positive scores in all endpoints, with a mean score ranging from 3.57 0.99 to 3.96 0.83. Significant improvement was seen in confidence with using opioids after the course ( p <0.001). Increased confidence was positively correlated with improvement in knowledge of palliative care ( p =0.035), weighing the benefits versus risks of using opioids ( p =0.044), and recognizing of barriers to opioid accessibility ( p =0.032). The program resulted in high satisfaction in the quality of the education, with a mean score of 4.44±0.66. In conclusion, an online palliative care education program focused on the safe and effective use of opioids in the palliative care setting was significantly effective at improving knowledge and confidence among Vietnamese healthcare providers.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79807659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.051
Shafq Al-azzawi, Dhafir Masheta, Rawnaq J. Kadhim
Uterine fibroids are a very common benign tumor in women of reproductive age due to unknown aetiology. There is growing evidence that vitamin D deficiency has a potential role in developing uterine fibroids. This study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin D levels in patients with uterine fibroids in Hilla city (a sunny city). The study was conducted on 70 women diagnosed with uterine fibroids that visited private clinics and were referred to biochemical laboratories. Vitamin D levels were assessed in patients’ sera, and questionnaire data on age, body mass index, symptoms and drugs used were analysed. In addition, information from their ultrasound scans of the fibroids, including the size and the number of fibroids, were also recorded. The results demonstrated that more than half of patients had vitamin D deficiency and 25% of them were with insufficient vitamin D levels. The age group, 41-45 year, showed the lowest values, whereas no significant differences in vitamin D levels were observed in body mass index and severity of symptoms parameters. The results also revealed that a significant decrease in vitamin D levels was associated with large size and multiple fibroids. It can be concluded that vitamin D has a great implication on the incidence of uterine fibroids, even in sunny cities.
{"title":"Evaluation of vitamin D-deficiency effects on the incidence of uterine fibroids","authors":"Shafq Al-azzawi, Dhafir Masheta, Rawnaq J. Kadhim","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.051","url":null,"abstract":"Uterine fibroids are a very common benign tumor in women of reproductive age due to unknown aetiology. There is growing evidence that vitamin D deficiency has a potential role in developing uterine fibroids. This study aims to investigate the effect of vitamin D levels in patients with uterine fibroids in Hilla city (a sunny city). The study was conducted on 70 women diagnosed with uterine fibroids that visited private clinics and were referred to biochemical laboratories. Vitamin D levels were assessed in patients’ sera, and questionnaire data on age, body mass index, symptoms and drugs used were analysed. In addition, information from their ultrasound scans of the fibroids, including the size and the number of fibroids, were also recorded. The results demonstrated that more than half of patients had vitamin D deficiency and 25% of them were with insufficient vitamin D levels. The age group, 41-45 year, showed the lowest values, whereas no significant differences in vitamin D levels were observed in body mass index and severity of symptoms parameters. The results also revealed that a significant decrease in vitamin D levels was associated with large size and multiple fibroids. It can be concluded that vitamin D has a great implication on the incidence of uterine fibroids, even in sunny cities.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77932608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.164
Benjawee Srithanissorn, Kritsana Yonphet, Daranee Chiewchantanakit, Witoo Dilokthornsakul, P. Dilokthornsakul
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a critical situation since 2020. Its outbreak occurs across the world. A national policy is to promote self-protection behavior including hand wash, wearing mask, and physical distancing. However, evidence on determinants of the behavior in Thai people is limited. This study aimed to identify determinants of COVID-19 self-protection behavior in Thai people. Design and Method: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in January 2021. An online questionnaire was developed under the Health Belief Model (HBM). Participants who often or always behave COVID-19 self-protection was considered as proper self-protection behavior. Data was collected through social medias. Results: A total of 408 participants was included. Of those, 92 participants (22.5%) were male with the average age of 32.3±11.5 years. A total of 158 participants (38.7%) has proper self-protection behavior. Based on HBM, perceived threat [odds ratio (OR)=1.40, 95%CI 1.01-1.92], perceived barriers (OR=0.51, 95%CI;0.36-0.71), and perceived self-efficacy (OR=6.77, 95%CI;3.60-12.72) were significantly associated with self-protection behavior. Conclusion: One-third of participants have proper COVID-19 self-protection behavior. Perceived selfefficacy is the strongest determinant of COVID-19 self-protection behavior followed by perceived threat and perceived barriers. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia is the property of Mahidol University, Faculty of Pharmacy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
{"title":"Determinants of COVID-19 self-protection behavior of Thai people: a cross-sectional survey","authors":"Benjawee Srithanissorn, Kritsana Yonphet, Daranee Chiewchantanakit, Witoo Dilokthornsakul, P. Dilokthornsakul","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.164","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a critical situation since 2020. Its outbreak occurs across the world. A national policy is to promote self-protection behavior including hand wash, wearing mask, and physical distancing. However, evidence on determinants of the behavior in Thai people is limited. This study aimed to identify determinants of COVID-19 self-protection behavior in Thai people. Design and Method: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in January 2021. An online questionnaire was developed under the Health Belief Model (HBM). Participants who often or always behave COVID-19 self-protection was considered as proper self-protection behavior. Data was collected through social medias. Results: A total of 408 participants was included. Of those, 92 participants (22.5%) were male with the average age of 32.3±11.5 years. A total of 158 participants (38.7%) has proper self-protection behavior. Based on HBM, perceived threat [odds ratio (OR)=1.40, 95%CI 1.01-1.92], perceived barriers (OR=0.51, 95%CI;0.36-0.71), and perceived self-efficacy (OR=6.77, 95%CI;3.60-12.72) were significantly associated with self-protection behavior. Conclusion: One-third of participants have proper COVID-19 self-protection behavior. Perceived selfefficacy is the strongest determinant of COVID-19 self-protection behavior followed by perceived threat and perceived barriers. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia is the property of Mahidol University, Faculty of Pharmacy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78060992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.100
Ni Putu Ermi Hikmawanti, Tuti Wiyati, M. Muis, Farah Aisyah Nurfaizah, Windy Septiani, Ryantama Indrapraja Putra
Cayratia trifolia leaves contain polyphenols as a natural antioxidant that can dissolve in polar solvents. This study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of polar extracts (ethyl acetate and 70%-ethanol) were extracted sequentially from C. trifolia leaves on male rats induced by nitrobenzene. The extracts of C. trifolia leaves were given at a dose of 200 mg.Kg -1 BW. Silymarin as a reference was given at a dose of 28.78 mg.Kg -1 BW. The extracts and Silymarin were given orally once a day for 14 days. Rats that have received ethanol extract of C. trifolia leaves showed a significant decrease in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. A significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels also occurred in the rats. On histopathological examination, the extract also showed a protective effect on rat liver. Thus, it can be concluded that the sequentially extracted ethanolic extract of C. trifolia leaves has the potential as a source of natural hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Protective effect and potential natural antioxidant of Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin. leaves extracts on nitrobenzene-induced hepatotoxic rats","authors":"Ni Putu Ermi Hikmawanti, Tuti Wiyati, M. Muis, Farah Aisyah Nurfaizah, Windy Septiani, Ryantama Indrapraja Putra","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.100","url":null,"abstract":"Cayratia trifolia leaves contain polyphenols as a natural antioxidant that can dissolve in polar solvents. This study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of polar extracts (ethyl acetate and 70%-ethanol) were extracted sequentially from C. trifolia leaves on male rats induced by nitrobenzene. The extracts of C. trifolia leaves were given at a dose of 200 mg.Kg -1 BW. Silymarin as a reference was given at a dose of 28.78 mg.Kg -1 BW. The extracts and Silymarin were given orally once a day for 14 days. Rats that have received ethanol extract of C. trifolia leaves showed a significant decrease in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. A significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels also occurred in the rats. On histopathological examination, the extract also showed a protective effect on rat liver. Thus, it can be concluded that the sequentially extracted ethanolic extract of C. trifolia leaves has the potential as a source of natural hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82136866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.174
Ei Ei Chaw, L. Suntornsuk
Regulatory authorities play significant roles for ensuring quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical and health products. However, most of the national regulatory authorities in low- and middle-income countries encounter many challenges such as over workload and under-staff/resources to maintain the efficiency in regulatory process. To alleviate the problem, the World Health Organization (WHO) supports its member states and implements the WHO-Global Benchmarking Tool (GBT) to strengthen the capacity of the national regulatory system. In this study, the regulatory system of Myanmar was investigated using the WHO-GBT based questionnaire survey. The study aimed to assess the national regulatory system and regulatory activities with WHO-GBT indicators and sub-indicators and to provide recommendations for the future progress of Myanmar Food and Drug Administration (MFDA). The results shows that MFDA has a well-structured legal foundation for the regulatory system and regulatory activities. Interestingly, the National regulatory system is the first priority and most challenging item to be achieved. Human resource capacity is below the standard requirements to operate efficient regulatory activities. It is recommended that the MFDA should implement the guideline on complaints and appeals to regulatory decisions and published documents or channels for laboratory activities within a short to medium period (1-12 months). As a medium to long-term plan (6-12 months and above), a human resource development plan and capacity building should be immediately established to accelerate the regulatory functions. Besides, transparency and public confidence must be promoted in regulatory activities.
{"title":"Regulatory landscape analysis of Myanmar Food and Drug Administration based on the World Health Organization Global benchmarking tool","authors":"Ei Ei Chaw, L. Suntornsuk","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.174","url":null,"abstract":"Regulatory authorities play significant roles for ensuring quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical and health products. However, most of the national regulatory authorities in low- and middle-income countries encounter many challenges such as over workload and under-staff/resources to maintain the efficiency in regulatory process. To alleviate the problem, the World Health Organization (WHO) supports its member states and implements the WHO-Global Benchmarking Tool (GBT) to strengthen the capacity of the national regulatory system. In this study, the regulatory system of Myanmar was investigated using the WHO-GBT based questionnaire survey. The study aimed to assess the national regulatory system and regulatory activities with WHO-GBT indicators and sub-indicators and to provide recommendations for the future progress of Myanmar Food and Drug Administration (MFDA). The results shows that MFDA has a well-structured legal foundation for the regulatory system and regulatory activities. Interestingly, the National regulatory system is the first priority and most challenging item to be achieved. Human resource capacity is below the standard requirements to operate efficient regulatory activities. It is recommended that the MFDA should implement the guideline on complaints and appeals to regulatory decisions and published documents or channels for laboratory activities within a short to medium period (1-12 months). As a medium to long-term plan (6-12 months and above), a human resource development plan and capacity building should be immediately established to accelerate the regulatory functions. Besides, transparency and public confidence must be promoted in regulatory activities.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82174088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.102
Mohamad Saleem Anis, Mohamed Azmi Hassali
Digitization is a current era trend that has permeated various daily activities of individuals and businesses. The acceleration of digital adoption can be seen even more with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, a new pattern of pharmaceutical marketing has been defined in the industry in several terms, most notably pharmaceutical digital marketing (PDM). Undeniably, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, which are pharma-ceuticals sold without a medical prescription, are the most affected drug category by this digital transformation in the pharma industry. The content of this review paper is based on secondary data derived from recent literature and Internet sources. The relevant information from various journal articles, books, reports, and reliable web pages has been presented and discussed. Basically, the main body of the review was divided into two fundamental areas of PDM, with a greater emphasis on the context of OTC drugs: (1) online pharmacies (e-commerce marketing);(2) promotional advertising. In a nutshell, this review provides valuable insights into the emerging concepts of PDM within the scope of OTC drugs.
{"title":"Pharmaceutical marketing of over-the-counter drugs in the current digital era: A review","authors":"Mohamad Saleem Anis, Mohamed Azmi Hassali","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.102","url":null,"abstract":"Digitization is a current era trend that has permeated various daily activities of individuals and businesses. The acceleration of digital adoption can be seen even more with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, a new pattern of pharmaceutical marketing has been defined in the industry in several terms, most notably pharmaceutical digital marketing (PDM). Undeniably, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, which are pharma-ceuticals sold without a medical prescription, are the most affected drug category by this digital transformation in the pharma industry. The content of this review paper is based on secondary data derived from recent literature and Internet sources. The relevant information from various journal articles, books, reports, and reliable web pages has been presented and discussed. Basically, the main body of the review was divided into two fundamental areas of PDM, with a greater emphasis on the context of OTC drugs: (1) online pharmacies (e-commerce marketing);(2) promotional advertising. In a nutshell, this review provides valuable insights into the emerging concepts of PDM within the scope of OTC drugs.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83770894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.03.21.232
Loan T. B. Duong, K. T. Do, D. N. Tran, P. H. Lu, Thang Nguyen
Tuberculosis (TB) has been a threat to world health for decades. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is adding to the burden of disease and hindering the development of countries. This study aimed to identify the drug-resistant rate in patients with recurrent pulmonary TB and detect rifampicin resistance mutations in the rpoB gene in Can Tho, Vietnam. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, clinicians diagnosed the patients with recurrent pulmonary TB and were hospitalized. Smear-positive sputum specimens (n=246) were collected to determine the rate of drug resistance. To identify mutations in the rpoB gene which are likely to be associated with rifampicin resistance in MDR-TB, we sequenced 40 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis collected between 2012 and 2014; mainly MDR-TB (n=40; 95.2%) and rifampicin-sensitive TB (n=2; 4.8%). The rate of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis was 63.8%, and the rate of MDR-TB accounted for 23.2%. The mutations in rpoB were predominantly in codons 531 (27.5%) and 523 (17.5%), with rare occurrences of S522A (2.5%) and A532P (2.5%). Noticeably, there was a substitution mutation in codon 532, and a mutant strain of tuberculosis at seven codons in the rpoB gene had been detected. In conclusion, this study provided drug-resistant characteristics in patients with recurrent pulmonary TB and mutations of MDR-TB in Can Tho, Vietnam. The results show a mutation in codon 532 of the rpoB gene and a mutant strain of tuberculosis at all seven codons. These are remarkable and promising results for further studies and clinical applications.
{"title":"Prevalence of drug-resistant recurrent tuberculosis and new multidrug-resistant tuberculosis mutations detection in Can Tho, Vietnam","authors":"Loan T. B. Duong, K. T. Do, D. N. Tran, P. H. Lu, Thang Nguyen","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.03.21.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.03.21.232","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) has been a threat to world health for decades. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is adding to the burden of disease and hindering the development of countries. This study aimed to identify the drug-resistant rate in patients with recurrent pulmonary TB and detect rifampicin resistance mutations in the rpoB gene in Can Tho, Vietnam. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, clinicians diagnosed the patients with recurrent pulmonary TB and were hospitalized. Smear-positive sputum specimens (n=246) were collected to determine the rate of drug resistance. To identify mutations in the rpoB gene which are likely to be associated with rifampicin resistance in MDR-TB, we sequenced 40 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis collected between 2012 and 2014; mainly MDR-TB (n=40; 95.2%) and rifampicin-sensitive TB (n=2; 4.8%). The rate of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis was 63.8%, and the rate of MDR-TB accounted for 23.2%. The mutations in rpoB were predominantly in codons 531 (27.5%) and 523 (17.5%), with rare occurrences of S522A (2.5%) and A532P (2.5%). Noticeably, there was a substitution mutation in codon 532, and a mutant strain of tuberculosis at seven codons in the rpoB gene had been detected. In conclusion, this study provided drug-resistant characteristics in patients with recurrent pulmonary TB and mutations of MDR-TB in Can Tho, Vietnam. The results show a mutation in codon 532 of the rpoB gene and a mutant strain of tuberculosis at all seven codons. These are remarkable and promising results for further studies and clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79083694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.06.22.138
P. Doe, C. Danquah, P. Ossei, K. Ohemeng, Michael Ofori, Selase Ativui, Yakubu Jibira
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) which have various side effects ABSTRACT Crinum pedunculatum (R.Br) has been used by traditional medicine practitioners in Ghana for the topical management of inflammation and associated disorders. This study investigated the anti-arthritic activity of the methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extract of the bulbs of Crinum pedunculatum using Sprague Dawley rats. The anti-arthritic activity of Crinum pedunculatum at various doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated using Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) in rat model. After successful induction of the arthritis, the paw oedema, hematological parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines and arthritis marker were assessed. Also, the radiological and histopathological evaluations were also performed. There was a significant inhibition ( P <0.01) of paw oedema after treatment with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate Crinum pedunculatum extracts relative to the control. There was also a significant increase in haemoglobin and RBC levels as well as a decrease in WBC count. All the extracts of Crinum pedunculatum decreased IL-6 and Rheumatoid factor serum concentrations and improved joint and cartilage destruction in both contralateral and ipsilateral paw of CFA-induced rats. Significant anti-arthritic activity was observed by the 200 and 400 mg/kg ethanol and methanol Crinum pedunculatum extract. This study confirms that the bulb of Crinum pedunculatum has an anti-arthritic potential and the findings justify the folkloric use the plant as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.161
Lalitphat Treerattanapun, P. Montakantikul
To date, COVID-19 has infected more than 200 million people worldwide, with 4 million having died because of it. The infection rate among pediatrics was 14.2% of the total COVID-19 cases. One of the effective tools for stopping this pandemic is the provision of SARS-CoV-2 immunity via vaccination. Many platforms have been developed in efforts to make the best SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Most clinical studies confirmed their safety and efficacy in adults. However, we cannot guarantee that the immunogenicity and safety results of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in adults are the same for children. There are only 3 studies on the use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in children. Two mRNA-based vaccines have been approved for emergency use in children aged 12 years or older. The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, an mRNA-based vaccine, was the first COVID-19 vaccine authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of COVID-19 disease in people aged 16 and older. In addition, 2 inactivated vaccines have been approved for use on children as young as 3 years of age. To date, 4 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been approved for use in children. However, data on the efficacy and safety of SARSCoV-2 vaccines in children under 12 years of age are scarce. Studies on the long-term safety of the use of these vaccines in children is urgently needed. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia is the property of Mahidol University, Faculty of Pharmacy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
{"title":"Current data on Covid-19 vaccine in pediatrics","authors":"Lalitphat Treerattanapun, P. Montakantikul","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.161","url":null,"abstract":"To date, COVID-19 has infected more than 200 million people worldwide, with 4 million having died because of it. The infection rate among pediatrics was 14.2% of the total COVID-19 cases. One of the effective tools for stopping this pandemic is the provision of SARS-CoV-2 immunity via vaccination. Many platforms have been developed in efforts to make the best SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Most clinical studies confirmed their safety and efficacy in adults. However, we cannot guarantee that the immunogenicity and safety results of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in adults are the same for children. There are only 3 studies on the use of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in children. Two mRNA-based vaccines have been approved for emergency use in children aged 12 years or older. The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, an mRNA-based vaccine, was the first COVID-19 vaccine authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of COVID-19 disease in people aged 16 and older. In addition, 2 inactivated vaccines have been approved for use on children as young as 3 years of age. To date, 4 SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been approved for use in children. However, data on the efficacy and safety of SARSCoV-2 vaccines in children under 12 years of age are scarce. Studies on the long-term safety of the use of these vaccines in children is urgently needed. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia is the property of Mahidol University, Faculty of Pharmacy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88820580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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