Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2023.01.22.320
Thanh-Tu Thi Nguyen, Tham Nguyen, Thang Dinh Tran, Duy Xuan Le, Luyen Dinh Nguyen, Luyen-Thi Bui, C. Nguyen
{"title":"Optimizing extraction of polyphenols from red Fallopia multiflora thunb. root in raw and processed form by response surface method: a comparison","authors":"Thanh-Tu Thi Nguyen, Tham Nguyen, Thang Dinh Tran, Duy Xuan Le, Luyen Dinh Nguyen, Luyen-Thi Bui, C. Nguyen","doi":"10.29090/psa.2023.01.22.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2023.01.22.320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78570741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.291
A. T. Annisa, N. M. Yasin, S. A. Kristina
Despite Medication errors (MEs) become worldwide problem, the majority of the studies especially in Asia only carried out in Middle East and very little known about MEs in Asia and Australia. This study aimed systematically to identify and review research done on MEs and their causative factors in Asian and Australian countries. The literature search was conducted from 24 April 2022 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Scopus as the literature search area databases. The collection of research results in a systematic review using the BOOLEAN operator to specify the search scope. The total articles generated were 7,799 articles and resulted in 40 articles in full text and met the requirements so that an analysis. Based on studies that have been reviewed, prescribing errors and dispensing errors are the most type than others and high workload is the most common factors.
{"title":"Medication errors analysis in Asia and Australia: A systematic review","authors":"A. T. Annisa, N. M. Yasin, S. A. Kristina","doi":"10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.291","url":null,"abstract":"Despite Medication errors (MEs) become worldwide problem, the majority of the studies especially in Asia only carried out in Middle East and very little known about MEs in Asia and Australia. This study aimed systematically to identify and review research done on MEs and their causative factors in Asian and Australian countries. The literature search was conducted from 24 April 2022 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Scopus as the literature search area databases. The collection of research results in a systematic review using the BOOLEAN operator to specify the search scope. The total articles generated were 7,799 articles and resulted in 40 articles in full text and met the requirements so that an analysis. Based on studies that have been reviewed, prescribing errors and dispensing errors are the most type than others and high workload is the most common factors.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74918676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.334
B. Nguyen, Phuong Chau Uyen Nguyen, K. Nguyen, Phat Nguyen Pham, P. Nguyen
Peroxisome proliferative activating receptors (PPARs) are a subfamily of three ligand-inducible transcription factors which are important targets in drug discovery for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to discover flavonoids as potential PPAR agonists. The results showed that the generated 3D-pharmacophore model for PPAR activators included four pharmacophoric features, namely one hydrophobic, two hydrogen acceptors and one hydrogen donor points, respectively. This pharmacophore model had the specificity, accuracy and sensitivity were 74%, 74% and 75%, respectively. 648 out of 3,848 flavonoid compounds satisfied all the features of the chosen pharmacophore model. Molecular docking results demonstrated that these compounds bound well in the binding site of PPARs. Among them, F85 was the most potential compound with the binding affinities of PPARα (-9.6 kcal.mol -1 ), PPARγ (-10.5 kcal.mol -1 ), PPARδ (-9.5 kcal.mol -1 ). Through forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the key residues, F85 could reach deeper into the binding pocket of the receptors. Moreover, F85 was stable in the binding site of PPARs during the molecular dynamics simulations. Therefore, this compound was deemed to be potent as PPAR agonists.
{"title":"In silico drug discovery of flavonoids as potential PPAR agonists in treatment of metabolic syndrome","authors":"B. Nguyen, Phuong Chau Uyen Nguyen, K. Nguyen, Phat Nguyen Pham, P. Nguyen","doi":"10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.334","url":null,"abstract":"Peroxisome proliferative activating receptors (PPARs) are a subfamily of three ligand-inducible transcription factors which are important targets in drug discovery for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to discover flavonoids as potential PPAR agonists. The results showed that the generated 3D-pharmacophore model for PPAR activators included four pharmacophoric features, namely one hydrophobic, two hydrogen acceptors and one hydrogen donor points, respectively. This pharmacophore model had the specificity, accuracy and sensitivity were 74%, 74% and 75%, respectively. 648 out of 3,848 flavonoid compounds satisfied all the features of the chosen pharmacophore model. Molecular docking results demonstrated that these compounds bound well in the binding site of PPARs. Among them, F85 was the most potential compound with the binding affinities of PPARα (-9.6 kcal.mol -1 ), PPARγ (-10.5 kcal.mol -1 ), PPARδ (-9.5 kcal.mol -1 ). Through forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the key residues, F85 could reach deeper into the binding pocket of the receptors. Moreover, F85 was stable in the binding site of PPARs during the molecular dynamics simulations. Therefore, this compound was deemed to be potent as PPAR agonists.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87960210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2023.03.22.331
Izza Aulia Rizqika Nasution, R. Andrajati, N. F. Syafhan, R. Imaniar
As an anticytokine therapy, tocilizumab has been recommended for the management therapy in patients with severe and serious COVID-19 cases. The association between the severity of COVID-19 and blood groups has been the subject of prior research. Therefore, it is important to analyze the relationship between blood types and the effectiveness of tocilizumab (TCZ) therapy in COVID-19 patients. This research involved 68 patients diagnosed with severe and critical COVID-19 receiving Tocilizumab (TCZ) therapy at Universitas Indonesia Hospital. Blood type O was associated with a significantly improvement in CRP levels ( P =0.014) and has better favorable outcomes compared to other blood type in terms of WHO Clinical Progression Scale (OR: 1.254, 95% CI: 0.457-3.443; P =0.797), length of stay (OR: 5,333, 95% CI: 0.495-3,734; P =0.614), and improvement in CRP levels (OR: 5,333, 95% CI: 1.385-20,541
{"title":"ABO blood group and effectiveness of tocilizumab in clinical response to COVID-19: A single center, retrospective study","authors":"Izza Aulia Rizqika Nasution, R. Andrajati, N. F. Syafhan, R. Imaniar","doi":"10.29090/psa.2023.03.22.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2023.03.22.331","url":null,"abstract":"As an anticytokine therapy, tocilizumab has been recommended for the management therapy in patients with severe and serious COVID-19 cases. The association between the severity of COVID-19 and blood groups has been the subject of prior research. Therefore, it is important to analyze the relationship between blood types and the effectiveness of tocilizumab (TCZ) therapy in COVID-19 patients. This research involved 68 patients diagnosed with severe and critical COVID-19 receiving Tocilizumab (TCZ) therapy at Universitas Indonesia Hospital. Blood type O was associated with a significantly improvement in CRP levels ( P =0.014) and has better favorable outcomes compared to other blood type in terms of WHO Clinical Progression Scale (OR: 1.254, 95% CI: 0.457-3.443; P =0.797), length of stay (OR: 5,333, 95% CI: 0.495-3,734; P =0.614), and improvement in CRP levels (OR: 5,333, 95% CI: 1.385-20,541","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82288585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2023.03.22.201
S. Batool, Marrium Shaheen, S. Shameem, Riqza Aziz, Saira Batool, Fatima Iram, Iqra Aslam, U. Kanwal
This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of most commonly used plasticizer Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the peripheral blood and liver of adult female mice, and protective effect of a commonly used spice ( Allium sativum ) against DEHP induced pathology. Animals were treated with aqueous garlic extract, DEHP, and DEHP+Garlic extract (aqueous) at dosage of 500 mg/kg body weight each (intra-gastric treatment) (n=10) for 28 days. DEHP treatment resulted in a significant decline in mean body weight while a significant increase in the mean liver weight was noticed as compared to the control group. Results indicated various liver histopathologies in DEHP exposed animals including sinusoid dilation, deshaped hepatic parenchyma cells with nuclear anomalies, and increased number of inflammatory cells. A significant increase in average cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the central vein and number of mononucleated, binucleated, and oval cells was noticed in the DEHP group as compared to the garlic group. A significant increase in cellular diameter of hepatocytes in DEHP and DEHP+Garlic group was also observed. Aqueous garlic extract treatment significantly ameliorated the DEHP-induced histopathological and micrometric alterations in the DEHP+Garlic group. Serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels were significantly decreased in the DEHP+Garlic group as compared to the DEHP group. DEHP treatment caused different nuclear anomalies in the white blood cells of female mice, however, no significant signs of recovery were observed by the aqueous garlic extract treatment. The results showed that DEHP is highly toxic to the female mice’s liver, and garlic extract could potentially protect and rescue DEHP-induced liver damage in the female mice.
{"title":"Effects of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract against di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induced cytotoxicity in peripheral blood and liver of adult female mice","authors":"S. Batool, Marrium Shaheen, S. Shameem, Riqza Aziz, Saira Batool, Fatima Iram, Iqra Aslam, U. Kanwal","doi":"10.29090/psa.2023.03.22.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2023.03.22.201","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of most commonly used plasticizer Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the peripheral blood and liver of adult female mice, and protective effect of a commonly used spice ( Allium sativum ) against DEHP induced pathology. Animals were treated with aqueous garlic extract, DEHP, and DEHP+Garlic extract (aqueous) at dosage of 500 mg/kg body weight each (intra-gastric treatment) (n=10) for 28 days. DEHP treatment resulted in a significant decline in mean body weight while a significant increase in the mean liver weight was noticed as compared to the control group. Results indicated various liver histopathologies in DEHP exposed animals including sinusoid dilation, deshaped hepatic parenchyma cells with nuclear anomalies, and increased number of inflammatory cells. A significant increase in average cross-sectional area (ACSA) of the central vein and number of mononucleated, binucleated, and oval cells was noticed in the DEHP group as compared to the garlic group. A significant increase in cellular diameter of hepatocytes in DEHP and DEHP+Garlic group was also observed. Aqueous garlic extract treatment significantly ameliorated the DEHP-induced histopathological and micrometric alterations in the DEHP+Garlic group. Serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels were significantly decreased in the DEHP+Garlic group as compared to the DEHP group. DEHP treatment caused different nuclear anomalies in the white blood cells of female mice, however, no significant signs of recovery were observed by the aqueous garlic extract treatment. The results showed that DEHP is highly toxic to the female mice’s liver, and garlic extract could potentially protect and rescue DEHP-induced liver damage in the female mice.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81889230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2023.01.22.292
Trần Viết Hùng, H. M. Hien, Pham Quoc Chinh, Pham Thi Thanh Ha, N. Nhu, N. D. Tuan
{"title":"Development and validation of a GC-MS method for determination of amphetamine-type stimulants and ketamine in human hair","authors":"Trần Viết Hùng, H. M. Hien, Pham Quoc Chinh, Pham Thi Thanh Ha, N. Nhu, N. D. Tuan","doi":"10.29090/psa.2023.01.22.292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2023.01.22.292","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75390419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.327
Wannisa Thayarat, Wannaporn Wattanawong, M. Saeteaw
Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody, is recommened for agjuvant of non-metastatic and recurrent or stage IV HER2-positive breast cancer. Although the main adverse effect is that greatly reduces the cardiac function, the incidence of cardiac adverse effect has never been systematically evaluated in Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital. To determine the adverse effects and risk factors with trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity. A retrospective cohort study with the percentages changes of left ventricular ejection fraction (%LVEF) in the breast cancer patients. The inclusion criterias were the patient who had been followed-up at outpatient oncology clinic, patients who did not have the %LVEF were excluded from the study. The primary endpoint was the incidence of cardiotoxicity. The mean age of 66 patients treated with trastuzumab was 51.98±10.19 years. Of these, 26 patients (39.39%) had the cardiotoxicity. There were mean of %LVEF baseline was 69.64±7.14% and the mean of %LVEF after receiving trastuzumab was 63.09±9.20%. Mean reduction of %LVEF before and after receiving trastuzumab was 6.55 10.80, there was a statistically significant difference ( P <0.001). The mean of %LVEF after receiving trastuzumab was 56.96±7.75% and 38.50±0.50% in patients had a cardiotoxicity and the patients who had a discontinued treatment, respectively. However, the duration of trastuzumab exposure was directly correlated with statistically significant reduction of %LVEF in breast cancer patients ( P =0.021, =0.215, R 2 =0.046). Among breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab, 39.39% of the patients had cardiac adverse events, most of which were found to have %LVEF reduced greater than 10%. The duration of trastuzumab exposure resulted in an increased of %LVEF reduction.
{"title":"Cardiotoxic adverse effects of trastuzumab in breast cancer outpatients in Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubonratchathani: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Wannisa Thayarat, Wannaporn Wattanawong, M. Saeteaw","doi":"10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.327","url":null,"abstract":"Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody, is recommened for agjuvant of non-metastatic and recurrent or stage IV HER2-positive breast cancer. Although the main adverse effect is that greatly reduces the cardiac function, the incidence of cardiac adverse effect has never been systematically evaluated in Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital. To determine the adverse effects and risk factors with trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity. A retrospective cohort study with the percentages changes of left ventricular ejection fraction (%LVEF) in the breast cancer patients. The inclusion criterias were the patient who had been followed-up at outpatient oncology clinic, patients who did not have the %LVEF were excluded from the study. The primary endpoint was the incidence of cardiotoxicity. The mean age of 66 patients treated with trastuzumab was 51.98±10.19 years. Of these, 26 patients (39.39%) had the cardiotoxicity. There were mean of %LVEF baseline was 69.64±7.14% and the mean of %LVEF after receiving trastuzumab was 63.09±9.20%. Mean reduction of %LVEF before and after receiving trastuzumab was 6.55 10.80, there was a statistically significant difference ( P <0.001). The mean of %LVEF after receiving trastuzumab was 56.96±7.75% and 38.50±0.50% in patients had a cardiotoxicity and the patients who had a discontinued treatment, respectively. However, the duration of trastuzumab exposure was directly correlated with statistically significant reduction of %LVEF in breast cancer patients ( P =0.021, =0.215, R 2 =0.046). Among breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab, 39.39% of the patients had cardiac adverse events, most of which were found to have %LVEF reduced greater than 10%. The duration of trastuzumab exposure resulted in an increased of %LVEF reduction.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91043988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.309
Ngo Xuan Hoang, Tam Thuy Lu Vo, Van-Hai Hoang, Tiep K. Nguyen, Ji Hae Seo, Phuong-Thao Tran
{"title":"Design, synthesis, and evaluation of indoleamin-2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition activity of novel 5/6-amino indazole derivatives with amide template","authors":"Ngo Xuan Hoang, Tam Thuy Lu Vo, Van-Hai Hoang, Tiep K. Nguyen, Ji Hae Seo, Phuong-Thao Tran","doi":"10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2023.02.22.309","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2023.03.23.243
P. Paktipat, Ampornpun Theeranut, Sirirat Anutrakulchai, S. Lertsinudom
The objective of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a collaborative smoking cessation program (CSCP) involving community pharmacists and village health volunteers (VHVs) in a rural community. Our strategy included establishment, implementation, and reflection. The CSCP was established through group discussions among community pharmacists, VHVs, and a local officer. VHVs identified smokers and provided basic counselling, while community pharmacists provided smokers specific and intensive counselling. We also assessed clinical outcomes, such as peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), exhaled partial carbon monoxide (PCO), and continuous abstinence rate (CAR). Finally, interviews from the reflection phase were conducted to investigate attitudes towards participating in the CSCP and unsuccessful quitting. CSCP was completed by 101 out of 108 initial participants. All were men, with an average age of 55.2±10.75 years. After six months, the CSCP resulted in a significant decrease in the mean PCO ( P =0.010). Moreover, 23 smokers successfully quit smoking, yielding a six-month CAR of 22.8% and stated that the CSCP enforced their perseverance. However, 78 volunteers (72.2%) could not quit smoking owing to withdrawal symptoms and influence from their immediate environment. CSCP is a novel smoking cessation model, which should be promoted to enforce smoking cessation in the community. However, significant efforts and coordination of relevant stakeholders are required.
{"title":"Achieving smoking cessation through collaborative efforts between community pharmacists and health volunteers","authors":"P. Paktipat, Ampornpun Theeranut, Sirirat Anutrakulchai, S. Lertsinudom","doi":"10.29090/psa.2023.03.23.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2023.03.23.243","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a collaborative smoking cessation program (CSCP) involving community pharmacists and village health volunteers (VHVs) in a rural community. Our strategy included establishment, implementation, and reflection. The CSCP was established through group discussions among community pharmacists, VHVs, and a local officer. VHVs identified smokers and provided basic counselling, while community pharmacists provided smokers specific and intensive counselling. We also assessed clinical outcomes, such as peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), exhaled partial carbon monoxide (PCO), and continuous abstinence rate (CAR). Finally, interviews from the reflection phase were conducted to investigate attitudes towards participating in the CSCP and unsuccessful quitting. CSCP was completed by 101 out of 108 initial participants. All were men, with an average age of 55.2±10.75 years. After six months, the CSCP resulted in a significant decrease in the mean PCO ( P =0.010). Moreover, 23 smokers successfully quit smoking, yielding a six-month CAR of 22.8% and stated that the CSCP enforced their perseverance. However, 78 volunteers (72.2%) could not quit smoking owing to withdrawal symptoms and influence from their immediate environment. CSCP is a novel smoking cessation model, which should be promoted to enforce smoking cessation in the community. However, significant efforts and coordination of relevant stakeholders are required.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"180 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83259463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2023.03.22.333
Jashann Ashwyn, Yong Qi Leong, Khuen Yen Ng, S. Chye, Anne Pick, Kiong Ling, K. Voon, Y. Y. Ooi, Y. Tiong, R. Koh
Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the central nervous system that may lead to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with a high prevalence among elderly individuals. Microglia, which are associated with neuroprotection, are activated during inflammation, resulting in damage to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Based on previous studies, safinamide can provide neuroprotection to dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting microglial activation. Hence, this study aims to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism of safinamide in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation. 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of safinamide on BV-2 (microglial) cells. Maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) and half MNTD of safinamide were then calculated. To determine whether safinamide could rescue lipopoly-saccharide-treated BV-2 cells from cell death and oxidative stress, MTT assay and dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay were performed, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to investigate the involvement of STAT1/NF-kappa B pathway proteins in the activation of microglia. The MNTD of safinamide was determined to be 29.5±10.66 µM. Safinamide was not able to rescue BV-2 cells from LPS-induced cell death. Nevertheless, a slight reduction of reactive oxygen species levels was noted when LPS-induced BV-2 cells were treated with safinamide. There was a slight decrease in protein expression of STAT1, NF-kappa B, iNOS and COX-2 in the LPS-induced BV-2 cells after treatment with safinamide. While safinamide did not rescue BV-2 cells from cell death, safinamide has been shown to slightly reduce oxidative stress in BV-2 cells.
{"title":"Anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism of safinamide in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation","authors":"Jashann Ashwyn, Yong Qi Leong, Khuen Yen Ng, S. Chye, Anne Pick, Kiong Ling, K. Voon, Y. Y. Ooi, Y. Tiong, R. Koh","doi":"10.29090/psa.2023.03.22.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2023.03.22.333","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroinflammation is an inflammatory response in the central nervous system that may lead to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with a high prevalence among elderly individuals. Microglia, which are associated with neuroprotection, are activated during inflammation, resulting in damage to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Based on previous studies, safinamide can provide neuroprotection to dopaminergic neurons by inhibiting microglial activation. Hence, this study aims to investigate the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism of safinamide in inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation. 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of safinamide on BV-2 (microglial) cells. Maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) and half MNTD of safinamide were then calculated. To determine whether safinamide could rescue lipopoly-saccharide-treated BV-2 cells from cell death and oxidative stress, MTT assay and dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay were performed, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to investigate the involvement of STAT1/NF-kappa B pathway proteins in the activation of microglia. The MNTD of safinamide was determined to be 29.5±10.66 µM. Safinamide was not able to rescue BV-2 cells from LPS-induced cell death. Nevertheless, a slight reduction of reactive oxygen species levels was noted when LPS-induced BV-2 cells were treated with safinamide. There was a slight decrease in protein expression of STAT1, NF-kappa B, iNOS and COX-2 in the LPS-induced BV-2 cells after treatment with safinamide. While safinamide did not rescue BV-2 cells from cell death, safinamide has been shown to slightly reduce oxidative stress in BV-2 cells.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84254769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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