Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.09
Nguyen Thi Minh Thuan, Le Tran Bao Uyen, Le Chau Hoang Quoc Chuong, T. Ton
Hepatitis is a worldwide health problem leading to liver dysfunction, hepatocellular cirrhosis and carcinoma. Hepatitis B caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known as a silent disease. Children infected with HBV often have no symptoms, making it difficult to monitor this population. Vietnam is a country with high rates of HBV and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Many people who have been infected with HBV and HCV without symptoms for a long time. They even do not know that they got infected, and this may risk infecting others. Therefore, HBV and HCV infection screening to prevent infection and disease progression is essential. Currently, HBsAg and anti-HCV assays have been performed in most laboratories using a variety of analytical methods with different biological products for HBV and HCV screening such as rapid tests (RTs), electroluminescence immunoassay (ECLIAs, chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rapid test is a rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the detection of HBV and HCV in serum or plasma samples. Electroluminescence (ECL) assay is a technique for converting electrical energy into radiant energy called luminescence. Immunoassays (IAs) are analytical methods based on the antigen-antibody reactions for quantitative or qualitative analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of the ECLIA technique for the anti-HCV detection were 100% and 99.8%, respectively. ELISA is a labeled immunoassay and less sensitive than ECLIAs for HBsAg detection (73% compared to 100%). CLIA is an immunoassay technique using
{"title":"External quality assessment for dual detection of HBsAg and anti-HCV in serum","authors":"Nguyen Thi Minh Thuan, Le Tran Bao Uyen, Le Chau Hoang Quoc Chuong, T. Ton","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.09","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis is a worldwide health problem leading to liver dysfunction, hepatocellular cirrhosis and carcinoma. Hepatitis B caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known as a silent disease. Children infected with HBV often have no symptoms, making it difficult to monitor this population. Vietnam is a country with high rates of HBV and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Many people who have been infected with HBV and HCV without symptoms for a long time. They even do not know that they got infected, and this may risk infecting others. Therefore, HBV and HCV infection screening to prevent infection and disease progression is essential. Currently, HBsAg and anti-HCV assays have been performed in most laboratories using a variety of analytical methods with different biological products for HBV and HCV screening such as rapid tests (RTs), electroluminescence immunoassay (ECLIAs, chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rapid test is a rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the detection of HBV and HCV in serum or plasma samples. Electroluminescence (ECL) assay is a technique for converting electrical energy into radiant energy called luminescence. Immunoassays (IAs) are analytical methods based on the antigen-antibody reactions for quantitative or qualitative analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of the ECLIA technique for the anti-HCV detection were 100% and 99.8%, respectively. ELISA is a labeled immunoassay and less sensitive than ECLIAs for HBsAg detection (73% compared to 100%). CLIA is an immunoassay technique using","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79648621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaluating effects of putative chemical or herbal agents against a single intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) in rodents is a widely used model for studying hepatoprotective potency. Since the toxic effects of CCl 4 is dependent on individual species; therefore, our study aimed to demonstrate a procedure to select the optimal dosage of CCl 4 and types of liver damage-associated biomarkers for testing hepatoprotective drugs in ICR mice. To include inter-individual genetic variation, the test was conducted in outbred mice. Silymarin and rebamipide were applied as the representative tested agents. We revealed that 15-150 L/kg of CCl 4 induced liver damage including hepatocyte vacuolation and ballooning with infiltration of inflammatory cells, centrilobular necrosis, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, in a dosage-dependent manner. Nonetheless, serum levels of bilirubin were not significantly increased at 15 L/kg of CCl 4 . On the other hands, the level of alkaline phosphatase was not parallel with the increased dosage of CCl 4 . Most importantly, as observed using liver histology and serum biomarkers, rebamipide and silymarin showed hepatoprotective effects against 15 L/kg of CCl 4 merely, whereas both drugs were unable to protect liver injury against 150 L/kg of CCl 4 . In conclusion, this study demonstrated how to design an experiment to select the optimal dosage of CCl 4 for evaluating hepatoprotective effects of putative agents in a specific tested species. In addition, we revealed choices of serum biomarkers which could be associated with the severity of liver damage.
{"title":"Carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver toxicity: selecting dosage and biomarkers for evaluating hepatoprotective drugs in ICR outbred mice","authors":"Theerut Luangmonkon, Chanitkarn Pransin, Ladawan Nopphalee, Sirada Meechai, Suprawee Chunya, Atis Rattanavaraha, Naphat Kaewnoppharat, Thayida Khuituan, Sanpetch Bunyakiat, W. Parichatikanond","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.06.22.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.06.22.212","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating effects of putative chemical or herbal agents against a single intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) in rodents is a widely used model for studying hepatoprotective potency. Since the toxic effects of CCl 4 is dependent on individual species; therefore, our study aimed to demonstrate a procedure to select the optimal dosage of CCl 4 and types of liver damage-associated biomarkers for testing hepatoprotective drugs in ICR mice. To include inter-individual genetic variation, the test was conducted in outbred mice. Silymarin and rebamipide were applied as the representative tested agents. We revealed that 15-150 L/kg of CCl 4 induced liver damage including hepatocyte vacuolation and ballooning with infiltration of inflammatory cells, centrilobular necrosis, and increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, in a dosage-dependent manner. Nonetheless, serum levels of bilirubin were not significantly increased at 15 L/kg of CCl 4 . On the other hands, the level of alkaline phosphatase was not parallel with the increased dosage of CCl 4 . Most importantly, as observed using liver histology and serum biomarkers, rebamipide and silymarin showed hepatoprotective effects against 15 L/kg of CCl 4 merely, whereas both drugs were unable to protect liver injury against 150 L/kg of CCl 4 . In conclusion, this study demonstrated how to design an experiment to select the optimal dosage of CCl 4 for evaluating hepatoprotective effects of putative agents in a specific tested species. In addition, we revealed choices of serum biomarkers which could be associated with the severity of liver damage.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76424612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.03.21.184
Nhung Tran, Khanh Hoang Pham, Thang Nguyen, Dao Huynh Tran, Hung Xuan Tong, C. V. Nguyen
We aimed to compare intraoperative sedation and postoperative analgesic effects of brachial plexus block using bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine mixture (BD) versus bupivacaine alone (B) in upper extremity bone surgeries. We conducted a randomized comparative study at Can Tho City, Vietnam. We recruited patients aged 15 to 75 years, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology) I-III grade, indicating bone surgeries of arm or forearm with supraclavicular brachial plexus block by ultrasound guidance. One hundred eight included patients were randomly divided into two groups: the BD group (54 patients) received a 30 ml mixture of 0.25% bupivacaine and 100 mcg dexmedetomidine, and the B group (54 patients) received 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. The BD group had a sedative OAA/S score (Observer Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale) of level 4, accounting for 87% more than group B 37%, and an OAA/S score of level 3 in the BD group with 5 cases (9.3%) compared with 9 cases (16.7%) in group B, statistically significant difference with p <0.05. The onset and duration of sedative time in group BD was 9.8±3.5 and 92.7±34.1 minutes. The mean of postoperative analgesic time was 970.5±309.5 minutes in group BD statistically significantly longer than group B’s with 552.7±231.2 minutes ( p <0.001). In conclusion, a mixture of bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine in brachial plexus block for arm and forearm surgical fractures had greater sedative and postoperative analgesic effects than that of bupivacaine alone.
我们的目的是比较布比卡因-右美托咪定混合物(BD)与单独布比卡因(B)在上肢骨手术中的术中镇静和术后镇痛效果。我们在越南芹苴市进行了一项随机比较研究。我们招募年龄在15 - 75岁之间，ASA(美国麻醉学学会)I-III级，指示在超声引导下进行锁骨上臂丛阻滞的上臂或前臂骨手术的患者。108例纳入的患者随机分为两组:BD组(54例)接受0.25%布比卡因和100 mcg右美托咪定混合物30 ml, B组(54例)接受0.25%布比卡因30 ml。BD组镇静OAA/S评分(Observer Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale)为4级，占比为87%，高于B组37%;BD组OAA/S评分为3级，5例(9.3%)高于B组9例(16.7%)，差异有统计学意义(p <0.05)。BD组镇静起效时间为9.8±3.5 min，持续时间为92.7±34.1 min。BD组术后平均镇痛时间为970.5±309.5 min，明显长于B组的552.7±231.2 min (p <0.001)。综上所述，布比卡因-右美托咪定联合应用于臂丛阻滞治疗手臂和前臂手术骨折具有比单独应用布比卡因更强的镇静和术后镇痛效果。
{"title":"Intraoperative sedation and postoperative analgesic effects of bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine mixture compared to bupivacaine alone in upper extremity bone surgeries: A randomized comparative study in Vietnam","authors":"Nhung Tran, Khanh Hoang Pham, Thang Nguyen, Dao Huynh Tran, Hung Xuan Tong, C. V. Nguyen","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.03.21.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.03.21.184","url":null,"abstract":"We aimed to compare intraoperative sedation and postoperative analgesic effects of brachial plexus block using bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine mixture (BD) versus bupivacaine alone (B) in upper extremity bone surgeries. We conducted a randomized comparative study at Can Tho City, Vietnam. We recruited patients aged 15 to 75 years, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology) I-III grade, indicating bone surgeries of arm or forearm with supraclavicular brachial plexus block by ultrasound guidance. One hundred eight included patients were randomly divided into two groups: the BD group (54 patients) received a 30 ml mixture of 0.25% bupivacaine and 100 mcg dexmedetomidine, and the B group (54 patients) received 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. The BD group had a sedative OAA/S score (Observer Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale) of level 4, accounting for 87% more than group B 37%, and an OAA/S score of level 3 in the BD group with 5 cases (9.3%) compared with 9 cases (16.7%) in group B, statistically significant difference with p <0.05. The onset and duration of sedative time in group BD was 9.8±3.5 and 92.7±34.1 minutes. The mean of postoperative analgesic time was 970.5±309.5 minutes in group BD statistically significantly longer than group B’s with 552.7±231.2 minutes ( p <0.001). In conclusion, a mixture of bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine in brachial plexus block for arm and forearm surgical fractures had greater sedative and postoperative analgesic effects than that of bupivacaine alone.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76737952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (UHPLC-PDA) method was developed and validated for determination of the concentration of donepezil in patient’s plasma. Plasma spiked with diphenhydramine as an internal standard was used for the solid phase extraction. The eluent solution was diluted with 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid and injected into an UHPLC system. Chromatographic separation was performed on a reverse phase column (1.8 µm, 100 mm x 2.1 mm I.D.) and using acetonitrile with 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in milli-Q water as the mobile phase. The gradient program for the mobile phase involved a flow rate of 0.45 mL/min and 3 min total run time. The photodiode array (PDA) detector was chosen to operate at 230 nm. The retention times were 1.70 and 2.11 min for donepezil and diphenhydramine, respectively. The method was developed and fully validated according to United Stated Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) guidance. The linearity of the method revealed a coefficient of determination or square of r greater than 0.998 in the concentration range 10-250 ng/mL. Extraction recoveries ranged from 84.6-85.6% with good repeatability. A simple, rapid, and reproducible UHPLC/PDA method for quantifying the concentration of donepezil in patient’s plasma was thus developed and completel y validated. This method was successfully utilized to measure the plasma concentration of 105 Thai patients with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.
建立了超高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列检测(UHPLC-PDA)测定患者血浆中多奈哌齐浓度的方法，并进行了验证。血浆中加入苯海拉明作为内标，用于固相萃取。将洗脱液用0.05%三氟乙酸稀释后，注入UHPLC系统。色谱分离采用反相色谱柱(1.8µm, 100 mm x 2.1 mm id)，流动相为乙腈- 0.05%三氟乙酸- ml - q水。流动相梯度程序的流速为0.45 mL/min，总运行时间为3 min。选择光电二极管阵列(PDA)检测器，工作波长为230 nm。多奈哌齐和苯海拉明的保留时间分别为1.70 min和2.11 min。该方法是根据美国食品和药物管理局(USFDA)的指导开发和充分验证的。在10 ~ 250 ng/mL浓度范围内，线性关系良好，测定系数或r平方均大于0.998。提取回收率为84.6 ~ 85.6%，重复性好。建立了一种简便、快速、重复性好、高效液相色谱/PDA定量测定患者血浆中多奈哌齐浓度的方法，并进行了验证。该方法成功用于测定105例泰国阿尔茨海默病合并血管性痴呆患者的血浆浓度。
{"title":"Development and validation of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography photodiode array method for the quantification of donepezil in human plasma and its application","authors":"Rasda Boonprasert, Tippanate Keawvijit, Supawadee Pakdeenukoolkijja","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.006","url":null,"abstract":"An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (UHPLC-PDA) method was developed and validated for determination of the concentration of donepezil in patient’s plasma. Plasma spiked with diphenhydramine as an internal standard was used for the solid phase extraction. The eluent solution was diluted with 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid and injected into an UHPLC system. Chromatographic separation was performed on a reverse phase column (1.8 µm, 100 mm x 2.1 mm I.D.) and using acetonitrile with 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in milli-Q water as the mobile phase. The gradient program for the mobile phase involved a flow rate of 0.45 mL/min and 3 min total run time. The photodiode array (PDA) detector was chosen to operate at 230 nm. The retention times were 1.70 and 2.11 min for donepezil and diphenhydramine, respectively. The method was developed and fully validated according to United Stated Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) guidance. The linearity of the method revealed a coefficient of determination or square of r greater than 0.998 in the concentration range 10-250 ng/mL. Extraction recoveries ranged from 84.6-85.6% with good repeatability. A simple, rapid, and reproducible UHPLC/PDA method for quantifying the concentration of donepezil in patient’s plasma was thus developed and completel y validated. This method was successfully utilized to measure the plasma concentration of 105 Thai patients with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80789610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.116
Lalitphat Treerattanapun, Suwida Tangtrakultham, Nattapong Tidwong, P. Montakantikul
Hydroxychloroquine may be used to treat COVID-19 infections when remdesivir is unavailable. There is currently no hydroxychloroquine dosage regimen for pediatrics with COVID-19 infections. We aimed to determine the optimal dosage regimen needed to rapidly achieve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PKPD) targets for virological clearance in pediatrics. A 10,000-subject Monte Carlo simulation was performed to calculate probabilities of efficacy and safety attainment, using allometrically scaled PKPD targets based on published adult pharmacokinetic studies. Allometric scaling of hydroxychloroquine clearance was also performed. The simulation predicted the probability of target attainment (PTA) of each dosage regimen to achieve an 80% PTA and 80% cumulative fraction of response, with <10% PTA for toxicity. The loading dosage of 6 mg/kg/dose, four times daily for 2 days, was found to provide rapid virological clearance with a high PTA (92.2%) within 2 days of treatment. Maintenance dosage of 3.25 mg/kg/dose, three times daily for the next 8 days, achieved the appropriate plasma hydroxychloroquine level until treatment cessation, with a PTA >80%. As to safety, this dosage regimen achieved a PTA <10% of the safety target, giving a probability of cardiotoxicity of <0.01%. The optimal hydroxychloroquine regimen is the loading dosage of 6 mg/kg/dose, four times daily for 2 days, followed by maintenance dosage of 3.25 mg/kg/dose, three times daily, on days 3-10. This regimen achieves virological clearance of COVID-19 and low cardiotoxicity in pediatrics. However, clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia is the property of Mahidol University, Faculty of Pharmacy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
{"title":"Optimizing hydroxychloroquine dosing regimen for treatment of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 using Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"Lalitphat Treerattanapun, Suwida Tangtrakultham, Nattapong Tidwong, P. Montakantikul","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.01.21.116","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroxychloroquine may be used to treat COVID-19 infections when remdesivir is unavailable. There is currently no hydroxychloroquine dosage regimen for pediatrics with COVID-19 infections. We aimed to determine the optimal dosage regimen needed to rapidly achieve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PKPD) targets for virological clearance in pediatrics. A 10,000-subject Monte Carlo simulation was performed to calculate probabilities of efficacy and safety attainment, using allometrically scaled PKPD targets based on published adult pharmacokinetic studies. Allometric scaling of hydroxychloroquine clearance was also performed. The simulation predicted the probability of target attainment (PTA) of each dosage regimen to achieve an 80% PTA and 80% cumulative fraction of response, with <10% PTA for toxicity. The loading dosage of 6 mg/kg/dose, four times daily for 2 days, was found to provide rapid virological clearance with a high PTA (92.2%) within 2 days of treatment. Maintenance dosage of 3.25 mg/kg/dose, three times daily for the next 8 days, achieved the appropriate plasma hydroxychloroquine level until treatment cessation, with a PTA >80%. As to safety, this dosage regimen achieved a PTA <10% of the safety target, giving a probability of cardiotoxicity of <0.01%. The optimal hydroxychloroquine regimen is the loading dosage of 6 mg/kg/dose, four times daily for 2 days, followed by maintenance dosage of 3.25 mg/kg/dose, three times daily, on days 3-10. This regimen achieves virological clearance of COVID-19 and low cardiotoxicity in pediatrics. However, clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia is the property of Mahidol University, Faculty of Pharmacy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81719794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.110
Worn Donchai, A. K. Aldred, A. Junkum, A. Chansang
Microcapsules (MCs) of mosquito repellents (DEET and Picaridin) were prepared by complex coacervation using gum Arabic and chitosan as wall materials. The resulting diameters of MCs were 2.35±0.76 µm for DEET and 4.26±1.77 µm for Picaridin, analyzed by optical microscopy. Spherical mononuclear-type MCs were also observed. The mean particle size of dried DEET-MC and Picaridin-MC was 182 µm and 140 µm, respectively, indicating agglomeration of MCs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the encapsulation of repellents by the appearance of carbonyl (C=O) absorption bands in the associated spectra. Moreover, the microencapsulation efficiency was 60% and 73% for DEET and Picaridin, respectively, determined by Soxhlet extraction. From Thermogravimetric analysis, delay of DEET and Picaridin losses revealed encapsulation of DEET and Picaridin inside the MCs. In addition, the higher release rate of Picaridin compared to DEET under isothermal conditions was correlated with longer protective time relative to the free repellents, as demonstrated by the “arm in cage” test. The study concludes that microencapsulated DEET and Picaridin show high promise of functional textiles for mosquito repellency.
{"title":"Controlled release of DEET and Picaridin mosquito repellents from microcapsules prepared by complex coacervation using gum Arabic and chitosan","authors":"Worn Donchai, A. K. Aldred, A. Junkum, A. Chansang","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.110","url":null,"abstract":"Microcapsules (MCs) of mosquito repellents (DEET and Picaridin) were prepared by complex coacervation using gum Arabic and chitosan as wall materials. The resulting diameters of MCs were 2.35±0.76 µm for DEET and 4.26±1.77 µm for Picaridin, analyzed by optical microscopy. Spherical mononuclear-type MCs were also observed. The mean particle size of dried DEET-MC and Picaridin-MC was 182 µm and 140 µm, respectively, indicating agglomeration of MCs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the encapsulation of repellents by the appearance of carbonyl (C=O) absorption bands in the associated spectra. Moreover, the microencapsulation efficiency was 60% and 73% for DEET and Picaridin, respectively, determined by Soxhlet extraction. From Thermogravimetric analysis, delay of DEET and Picaridin losses revealed encapsulation of DEET and Picaridin inside the MCs. In addition, the higher release rate of Picaridin compared to DEET under isothermal conditions was correlated with longer protective time relative to the free repellents, as demonstrated by the “arm in cage” test. The study concludes that microencapsulated DEET and Picaridin show high promise of functional textiles for mosquito repellency.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88097575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.102
Narongchai Chaksupa, N. Sookvanichsilp, N. Soonthornchareonnon, P. Moongkarndi, O. Gerdprasert
Clitoria ternatea is a vine native to tropical and equatorial Asia. Previous review articles have mentioned about different biological activities of extracts from flowers and other parts of the plant, but none being related to hair growth-promoting activity. Scientific reports dealing with hair growth-promoting activity of this plant are scarce. In the present study, the effect of alcoholic extract from its flowers on the proliferation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) from isolated hair papillae of normal human scalp hair follicles was performed in comparison with minoxidil. Moreover, its effect on hair growth was also tested in C57BL/6Mlac mice of both sexes in comparison with minoxidil and latanoprost. The results have indicated that the extract could increase human DPC proliferation and stimulate the initial hair growth of C57BL/6Mlac mice, but it has no ability to increase the number of hair follicles or to prolong the anagen hair follicles. The effects of the C. ternatea alcoholic extract were similar to those of minoxidil.
{"title":"Effects of alcoholic extract from Clitoria ternatea flowers on the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells and hair growth in C57BL/6Mlac mice","authors":"Narongchai Chaksupa, N. Sookvanichsilp, N. Soonthornchareonnon, P. Moongkarndi, O. Gerdprasert","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.102","url":null,"abstract":"Clitoria ternatea is a vine native to tropical and equatorial Asia. Previous review articles have mentioned about different biological activities of extracts from flowers and other parts of the plant, but none being related to hair growth-promoting activity. Scientific reports dealing with hair growth-promoting activity of this plant are scarce. In the present study, the effect of alcoholic extract from its flowers on the proliferation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) from isolated hair papillae of normal human scalp hair follicles was performed in comparison with minoxidil. Moreover, its effect on hair growth was also tested in C57BL/6Mlac mice of both sexes in comparison with minoxidil and latanoprost. The results have indicated that the extract could increase human DPC proliferation and stimulate the initial hair growth of C57BL/6Mlac mice, but it has no ability to increase the number of hair follicles or to prolong the anagen hair follicles. The effects of the C. ternatea alcoholic extract were similar to those of minoxidil.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88470440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to evaluate the melanogenesis inhibitory action of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt on a hyperpigmented rabbit model induced by UVA-exposure combined to progesterone injection. The dorsal shaved skin of the experimental rabbits was exposed to UVA radiation (386 nm, 147 uW/cm 2 ) in 30 minutes each day for 28 days. Progesterone was intramuscularly injected every other day at the dose of 5 mg/kg. EA extract was topically applied daily from the first day of melasma appearance until the end of the experiment. Morphometric observation based on color thresholder application on MATLAB software. Moreover, melanin determination and histological analysis were also performed. The morphometric observation on the surface of melasma areas as well as the histological analysis from 5% EA-treated group are similar to these of 4% Hydroquinone-treated group at day 14, 21, 28. Melanin concentration in 5% EA-treated group was significantly decreased as compared to the hyperpigmentation group. In conclusion, EA extract of Perilla leaves clearly exhibited the inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in the hyperpigmented rabbit-induced by UVA exposure combined to progesterone injection.
{"title":"Melanogenesis inhibitory effect of Perilla Frutescens (L.) Britt on a hyperpigmentation model in rabbit","authors":"Ngoc Phuc Nguyen, Thanh-Hao Do, Le-Y Nguyen, Thi Ly Thu Pham, N. Huynh","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.03.22.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.03.22.010","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to evaluate the melanogenesis inhibitory action of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt on a hyperpigmented rabbit model induced by UVA-exposure combined to progesterone injection. The dorsal shaved skin of the experimental rabbits was exposed to UVA radiation (386 nm, 147 uW/cm 2 ) in 30 minutes each day for 28 days. Progesterone was intramuscularly injected every other day at the dose of 5 mg/kg. EA extract was topically applied daily from the first day of melasma appearance until the end of the experiment. Morphometric observation based on color thresholder application on MATLAB software. Moreover, melanin determination and histological analysis were also performed. The morphometric observation on the surface of melasma areas as well as the histological analysis from 5% EA-treated group are similar to these of 4% Hydroquinone-treated group at day 14, 21, 28. Melanin concentration in 5% EA-treated group was significantly decreased as compared to the hyperpigmentation group. In conclusion, EA extract of Perilla leaves clearly exhibited the inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in the hyperpigmented rabbit-induced by UVA exposure combined to progesterone injection.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91047621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditionally, Xylopia aethiopica is used to manage pain disorders such as neuralgia, colic pain, rheu-matism and headache. Using animal models, this study aimed to investigate the ability of Xylopic Acid (XA), a kaurene diterpene obtained from Xylopia aethiopica , to cause tolerance when administered alone or combined with morphine. Development of withdrawal symptoms on discontinuation was also investigated. Tolerance to morphine was induced in rats through an 8-day regimen of chronic administration of morphine (10 mg/kg; twice daily). Effects of XA alone (100 mg/kg) or XA (10-100 mg/kg) on morphine tolerance and withdrawal syndrome precipitated with naloxone hydrochloride (3 mg/kg) were also assessed. XA’s mechanism of action was then explored through drug-receptor binding. 60)=29.88, p acid loss. similar jumps as XA Drug-receptor binding assays revealed a lack of significant interaction of XA on alpha-2 adrenoceptors (A, B, C) but exhibited significant DOR- selective antagonism similar to naltrindole. This study reveals that xylopic acid significantly inhibits morphine antinociceptive withdrawal in rats. This is the first report of xylopic acid’s antagonism on delta opioidergic receptors and potential as an inhibitor of chronic morphine tolerance.
{"title":"Xylopic acid from Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) inhibits morphine tolerance in rats","authors":"Priscilla Kolibea Mante, Kweku Abakah-Ewusi, Amanda Adoley Mingle, Mustapha Seidu Kpienaan, Samuel Offei-Twum, Nana Kofi Kusi-Boadum, Nana Ofori Adomako, Newman Osafo","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.124","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, Xylopia aethiopica is used to manage pain disorders such as neuralgia, colic pain, rheu-matism and headache. Using animal models, this study aimed to investigate the ability of Xylopic Acid (XA), a kaurene diterpene obtained from Xylopia aethiopica , to cause tolerance when administered alone or combined with morphine. Development of withdrawal symptoms on discontinuation was also investigated. Tolerance to morphine was induced in rats through an 8-day regimen of chronic administration of morphine (10 mg/kg; twice daily). Effects of XA alone (100 mg/kg) or XA (10-100 mg/kg) on morphine tolerance and withdrawal syndrome precipitated with naloxone hydrochloride (3 mg/kg) were also assessed. XA’s mechanism of action was then explored through drug-receptor binding. 60)=29.88, p acid loss. similar jumps as XA Drug-receptor binding assays revealed a lack of significant interaction of XA on alpha-2 adrenoceptors (A, B, C) but exhibited significant DOR- selective antagonism similar to naltrindole. This study reveals that xylopic acid significantly inhibits morphine antinociceptive withdrawal in rats. This is the first report of xylopic acid’s antagonism on delta opioidergic receptors and potential as an inhibitor of chronic morphine tolerance.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83950595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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