Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.03.22.029
M. R. Habib, Y. Igarashi, M. Rabbi
in this context, plants extracts and natural products have been well recognized sources of bioactive components with enzymes inhibitory properties 11 . Some studies have ABSTRACT Blumea lacera (Bum. f.) DC is an important medicinal plant of Bangladesh having several ethnomedicinal values. To give the scientific basis of ethnomedicinal uses, the present study analyzed phytochemical composition of methanol extract of B. lacera leaves (designated as MBLE) and evaluated its inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, xanthine oxidase (XO) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). Different in vitro methods were used to perform enzyme inhibition assays for MBLE and its phytochemical profile was analyzed by GC-MS. In case of all the enzyme inhibition assays, the percentage of inhibition by MBLE was increased with increasing in concentrations. Among these enzymes, MBLE showed strong activity (IC 50 :13.34±1.05 μg/mL) against ACE as compared with captopril (IC 50 :8.09±0.74 μg/mL) used as standard reference whereas it exhibited moderate activity against other enzymes. The IC 50 values of MBLE were found to be 9.87±0.25, 40.17±2.32 and 93.88±5.21 μg/mL for pancreatic lipase, α-amylase and XO, respectively. In addition, some compounds identified in MBLE by GC-MS, were also consistence with these enzyme inhibitory activities. Thus, this study demonstrates the enzyme inhibitory potentials of B. lacera leaves for the first time and it might be a potential tool for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
{"title":"Phytochemical composition of Blumea lacera leaf and its inhibitory effects on the activity of enzymes related to metabolic diseases","authors":"M. R. Habib, Y. Igarashi, M. Rabbi","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.03.22.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.03.22.029","url":null,"abstract":"in this context, plants extracts and natural products have been well recognized sources of bioactive components with enzymes inhibitory properties 11 . Some studies have ABSTRACT Blumea lacera (Bum. f.) DC is an important medicinal plant of Bangladesh having several ethnomedicinal values. To give the scientific basis of ethnomedicinal uses, the present study analyzed phytochemical composition of methanol extract of B. lacera leaves (designated as MBLE) and evaluated its inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, xanthine oxidase (XO) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). Different in vitro methods were used to perform enzyme inhibition assays for MBLE and its phytochemical profile was analyzed by GC-MS. In case of all the enzyme inhibition assays, the percentage of inhibition by MBLE was increased with increasing in concentrations. Among these enzymes, MBLE showed strong activity (IC 50 :13.34±1.05 μg/mL) against ACE as compared with captopril (IC 50 :8.09±0.74 μg/mL) used as standard reference whereas it exhibited moderate activity against other enzymes. The IC 50 values of MBLE were found to be 9.87±0.25, 40.17±2.32 and 93.88±5.21 μg/mL for pancreatic lipase, α-amylase and XO, respectively. In addition, some compounds identified in MBLE by GC-MS, were also consistence with these enzyme inhibitory activities. Thus, this study demonstrates the enzyme inhibitory potentials of B. lacera leaves for the first time and it might be a potential tool for the treatment of metabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88438282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mobile phones (MPs) become one of the most important tools in professional and social life. Bacteria-contaminated MPs were reported in healthcare and non-healthcare workers but no study has investigated among pharmacy university students. We aimed to examine the prevalence of bacterial contamination on MPs and personal behaviors of MP usage. Fifty-three participants whose MPs had been used at least 3 months were enrolled. Each MP (n=53) was swabbed and cultured on sheep blood agar. Isolated colonies were characterized by conventionally bacterial identification methods. All participants were asked to complete questionnaires about behaviors of MP usage. Bacterial contamination was found in 52 of 53 MPs (98.11%) and 44 of 52 devices (84.62%) composed of heavy growth colonies (more than 15 colonies). The most abundant colonies were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (42.72%), following by Bacillus spp. (27.18%), Staphylococcus aureus (20.39%), Micrococcus spp. (7.77%), Corynebacterium spp. (0.97%) and viridans streptococci (0.97%). Co-contamination with CoNS and Bacillus spp. was commonly found (28.85%). Most participants had risks for bacteria-contaminated MPs, which were visiting hospitals in past 6 months (56.60%), sharing with others (92.45%) and using in toilets (98.11%). Additionally, 44 of 53 (83.02%) participants regularly cleaned their MPs and 20 of them (45.45%) used clean clothes or tissue papers. No correlation between MP-using or cleaning behaviors and bacterial contamination was observed ( p >0.05). Our findings emphasized that bacteria-contaminated MPs are commonly found among pharmacy university students. MP users should increase awareness of personal hygiene and perform effective cleaning procedures to reduce bacterial persistence and transmission.
{"title":"The prevalence of bacterial contamination on mobile phones of pharmacy university students","authors":"Methee Sriprapun, Oraphan Atthakorn, Atchareeya Phuakwilai","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.084","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile phones (MPs) become one of the most important tools in professional and social life. Bacteria-contaminated MPs were reported in healthcare and non-healthcare workers but no study has investigated among pharmacy university students. We aimed to examine the prevalence of bacterial contamination on MPs and personal behaviors of MP usage. Fifty-three participants whose MPs had been used at least 3 months were enrolled. Each MP (n=53) was swabbed and cultured on sheep blood agar. Isolated colonies were characterized by conventionally bacterial identification methods. All participants were asked to complete questionnaires about behaviors of MP usage. Bacterial contamination was found in 52 of 53 MPs (98.11%) and 44 of 52 devices (84.62%) composed of heavy growth colonies (more than 15 colonies). The most abundant colonies were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (42.72%), following by Bacillus spp. (27.18%), Staphylococcus aureus (20.39%), Micrococcus spp. (7.77%), Corynebacterium spp. (0.97%) and viridans streptococci (0.97%). Co-contamination with CoNS and Bacillus spp. was commonly found (28.85%). Most participants had risks for bacteria-contaminated MPs, which were visiting hospitals in past 6 months (56.60%), sharing with others (92.45%) and using in toilets (98.11%). Additionally, 44 of 53 (83.02%) participants regularly cleaned their MPs and 20 of them (45.45%) used clean clothes or tissue papers. No correlation between MP-using or cleaning behaviors and bacterial contamination was observed ( p >0.05). Our findings emphasized that bacteria-contaminated MPs are commonly found among pharmacy university students. MP users should increase awareness of personal hygiene and perform effective cleaning procedures to reduce bacterial persistence and transmission.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83025805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.054
Wanchana Singhan, U. Permsuwan, S. Vongsanim, Yuttitham Suteeka, S. Deeprom
This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate quality of life (QoL), willingness to pay (WTP) for receiving hemodialysis (HD), and factors influencing QoL in patients who received peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Thailand. Data of PD patients visiting secondary or tertiary hospitals from December 2020 through June 2021 were collected. EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was used to evaluate QoL. After the patients completed the questionnaire, they were interviewed using the contingent valuation method to derive their WTP for switching to HD. Patients randomly picked up one payment card as an initial price for receiving HD, then bidding by 100 Thai Baht (THB) up and down to reach the maximum affordable WTP amount. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors affecting QoL. A total of 102 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 58 years. EQ-5D utility score was 0.71±0.32. Five variables were the factors that affect QoL included serum albumin, hospitalization, age, urine output, and hemoglobin level. Average WTP was 233±293 THB (7.2±9.0 USD) per HD session. Quality of life among these study patients was slightly higher than reported in Thai patients with low hemoglobin level. Treatment anemia to reach hemoglobin target and preservation of residual urine output might improve QoL. The average WTP for switching to HD among PD patients was only one-sixth of general billing price for HD.
{"title":"Quality of life and willingness to pay for receiving hemodialysis in patients who received peritoneal dialysis in Thailand","authors":"Wanchana Singhan, U. Permsuwan, S. Vongsanim, Yuttitham Suteeka, S. Deeprom","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.054","url":null,"abstract":"This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate quality of life (QoL), willingness to pay (WTP) for receiving hemodialysis (HD), and factors influencing QoL in patients who received peritoneal dialysis (PD) in Thailand. Data of PD patients visiting secondary or tertiary hospitals from December 2020 through June 2021 were collected. EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was used to evaluate QoL. After the patients completed the questionnaire, they were interviewed using the contingent valuation method to derive their WTP for switching to HD. Patients randomly picked up one payment card as an initial price for receiving HD, then bidding by 100 Thai Baht (THB) up and down to reach the maximum affordable WTP amount. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors affecting QoL. A total of 102 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 58 years. EQ-5D utility score was 0.71±0.32. Five variables were the factors that affect QoL included serum albumin, hospitalization, age, urine output, and hemoglobin level. Average WTP was 233±293 THB (7.2±9.0 USD) per HD session. Quality of life among these study patients was slightly higher than reported in Thai patients with low hemoglobin level. Treatment anemia to reach hemoglobin target and preservation of residual urine output might improve QoL. The average WTP for switching to HD among PD patients was only one-sixth of general billing price for HD.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82606183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.098
N. Ekawati, Mohamad Taufik, A. Z. Mustopa, Ari Estuningtyas, I. R. Sianipar, A. Hertati, M. Nurfatwa, Djadjat Tisnadjaja, Tri Isyani Tungga Dewi
Chronic hepatitis B infection is one of main factors of cirrhosis primary cause, which can develop into hepatocellular carcinoma. Medically, there are various disadvantages associated with administering hepatitis B vaccine through injection, include pain, reduced patient compliance, higher production costs, and inadequate mass vaccination. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an oral vaccine. This study aims to develop and characterize oral vaccine through combination of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B Core Antigen (HBcAg) encapsulated within chitosan alginate. The vaccine formula was prepared by ionic gelation method that consists of HBcAg (marked as MPS) and a combination of HBcAg and HBsAg (which is marked as MPC) microparticles. Examined parameters include loading efficacy, particle characteristics, anti-HBcAg immune response, ALT & AST, and liver histology. It was found that loading efficacy of MPS and MPC were 82.5±9.57 and 75.0±11.78%. The mean particle size (Z-average), polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential of MPS and MPC were 4,869±739 nm and 8,712±2,110 nm, 0.32±0.032 and 0.37±0.088, -7.50±1.82 mV and -2.10±1.59 mV, respectively. The Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) started forming on the 35 th day after first vaccination. The results show that both AST and ALT serum were in normal range. Therefore, antigen dose given in this study had no pathological effects on liver histology. Furthermore, based on its parameters such as loading efficacy, PdI, zeta potential, particle size, FTIR, and formation of HBcAb from the 35 th day after vaccination, it concluded that combination of HBcAg and HBsAg is safely encapsulated within microparticles (MP) chitosan alginate.
{"title":"Characterization and in vivo assay of chitosan alginate microencapsulation to deliver the combination of HBcAg and HBsAg as a hepatitis B oral vaccine candidate","authors":"N. Ekawati, Mohamad Taufik, A. Z. Mustopa, Ari Estuningtyas, I. R. Sianipar, A. Hertati, M. Nurfatwa, Djadjat Tisnadjaja, Tri Isyani Tungga Dewi","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.098","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic hepatitis B infection is one of main factors of cirrhosis primary cause, which can develop into hepatocellular carcinoma. Medically, there are various disadvantages associated with administering hepatitis B vaccine through injection, include pain, reduced patient compliance, higher production costs, and inadequate mass vaccination. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an oral vaccine. This study aims to develop and characterize oral vaccine through combination of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B Core Antigen (HBcAg) encapsulated within chitosan alginate. The vaccine formula was prepared by ionic gelation method that consists of HBcAg (marked as MPS) and a combination of HBcAg and HBsAg (which is marked as MPC) microparticles. Examined parameters include loading efficacy, particle characteristics, anti-HBcAg immune response, ALT & AST, and liver histology. It was found that loading efficacy of MPS and MPC were 82.5±9.57 and 75.0±11.78%. The mean particle size (Z-average), polydispersity index (PdI), and zeta potential of MPS and MPC were 4,869±739 nm and 8,712±2,110 nm, 0.32±0.032 and 0.37±0.088, -7.50±1.82 mV and -2.10±1.59 mV, respectively. The Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) started forming on the 35 th day after first vaccination. The results show that both AST and ALT serum were in normal range. Therefore, antigen dose given in this study had no pathological effects on liver histology. Furthermore, based on its parameters such as loading efficacy, PdI, zeta potential, particle size, FTIR, and formation of HBcAb from the 35 th day after vaccination, it concluded that combination of HBcAg and HBsAg is safely encapsulated within microparticles (MP) chitosan alginate.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"58 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83412508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.03.21.149
Ahlam Elwekeel, Elham Amin, A. Khairallah, A. Moawad
Fungal pathogens are able to cause serious infections to human. Candidiasis caused by Candida species and pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus may occur as secondary complication in immunocom-promised patients. Meanwhile, biologically guided isolation of bioactive constituents from natural sources represents a promising strategy in drug discovery process. In this concern, the antimicrobial screening of 11 plants collected from Egypt was performed against several microbes. Terminalia arjuna flower extract was among the most active extracts against C. albicans . The antifungal potential of n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions of T. arjuna flower were tested against C. albicans , A. fumigatus and Fusarium avenaceum . Results revealed a potent activity of EtOAc extract against C. albicans (100% inhibition, MIC=7.81 µg/mL). Chromatographic investigation of T. arjuna flower afforded nine compounds; β-sitosterol ( 1 ), stigmasterol ( 2 ), β-sitosterol-3- O -β-D-glucopyranoside ( 3 ), rosamultin ( 4 ), niga-ichigoside Fl ( 5 ), luteolin ( 6 ), apigenin ( 7 ), gallic acid ( 8 ) and methyl gallate ( 9 ). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using different spectroscopic techniques especially 1D and 2D NMR. Among the isolated compounds, the two triterpenoid glycosides ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) have not been previously tested for antifungal potential. The current study indicated moderate activity of rosamultin ( 4 ) and niga-ichigoside Fl ( 5 ) (MIC 250 µg/mL) against C. albicans .
真菌病原体能引起严重的人类感染。由念珠菌引起的念珠菌病和由烟曲霉引起的肺曲霉病可能作为免疫系统有希望的患者的继发性并发症发生。同时，生物引导分离天然来源的生物活性成分在药物发现过程中是一种很有前途的策略。为此，对从埃及采集的11株植物进行了几种微生物的抗菌筛选。阿尔朱那花提取物对白色念珠菌的抑制作用最强。采用正己烷、二氯甲烷(DCM)、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)萃取物对白色念珠菌、烟曲霉和avenaceum镰刀菌进行了抑菌活性研究。结果表明，乙酸乙酯提取物对白色念珠菌有较强的抑制作用(100%抑制，MIC=7.81µg/mL)。石竹花的色谱分析得到9个化合物;β-谷甾醇(1)，豆甾醇(2)，β-谷甾醇-3- 0 -β- d -葡萄糖吡喃苷(3)，迷迭香素(4)，niga-ichigoside Fl(5)，木犀草素(6)，芹菜素(7)，没食子酸(8)和没食子酸甲酯(9)。利用不同的波谱技术，特别是一维和二维核磁共振对分离化合物的结构进行了分析。在分离的化合物中，两种三萜苷(4)和(5)尚未进行抗真菌潜力的先前测试。目前的研究表明，rosamultin(4)和niga-ichigoside Fl (5) (MIC 250µg/mL)对白色念珠菌具有中等活性。
{"title":"Terminalia arjuna flowers: Secondary metabolites and antifungal activity","authors":"Ahlam Elwekeel, Elham Amin, A. Khairallah, A. Moawad","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.03.21.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.03.21.149","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal pathogens are able to cause serious infections to human. Candidiasis caused by Candida species and pulmonary aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus may occur as secondary complication in immunocom-promised patients. Meanwhile, biologically guided isolation of bioactive constituents from natural sources represents a promising strategy in drug discovery process. In this concern, the antimicrobial screening of 11 plants collected from Egypt was performed against several microbes. Terminalia arjuna flower extract was among the most active extracts against C. albicans . The antifungal potential of n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fractions of T. arjuna flower were tested against C. albicans , A. fumigatus and Fusarium avenaceum . Results revealed a potent activity of EtOAc extract against C. albicans (100% inhibition, MIC=7.81 µg/mL). Chromatographic investigation of T. arjuna flower afforded nine compounds; β-sitosterol ( 1 ), stigmasterol ( 2 ), β-sitosterol-3- O -β-D-glucopyranoside ( 3 ), rosamultin ( 4 ), niga-ichigoside Fl ( 5 ), luteolin ( 6 ), apigenin ( 7 ), gallic acid ( 8 ) and methyl gallate ( 9 ). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using different spectroscopic techniques especially 1D and 2D NMR. Among the isolated compounds, the two triterpenoid glycosides ( 4 ) and ( 5 ) have not been previously tested for antifungal potential. The current study indicated moderate activity of rosamultin ( 4 ) and niga-ichigoside Fl ( 5 ) (MIC 250 µg/mL) against C. albicans .","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82250714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.127
K. Athesh, P. Brindha
Obesity is a raising pandemic and it needs alternative approaches to prevent or treat, as the existing approaches are not highly effective. In this context, the present study has been designed with the aim to investigate the antiobesity potential of aqueous flower buds extract of Capparis spinosa L. (AFBECS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity thereby giving scientific validation to its traditional use. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured and differentiated in DMEM in the absence and presence of various concentrations of AFBECS (25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 µg/mL) and the influence of the extracts on 3T3-L1 adipocyte viability and lipid accumulation were determined. The results showed that AFBECS maintained the viability of the 3T3-L1 adipocytes and also reduced the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, dose dependently. In-vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition assay of AFBECS had shown moderate level of inhibition when compared with Orlistat. For in-vivo studies, HFD induced obese rats were treated with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of extracts for a period of 60 days using orlistat as standard drug. Anti-obesity potential was assessed using food intake, body weight, organ weights, adipocyte area, lipid profiles and many other blood biochemical parameters. Data of in-vivo studies revealed, significant reduction in body weight, fat-pad and organ weights of AFBECS treated animals. Altered levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, lipid profiles and antioxidant status were also normalized upon AFBECS treatment. These findings suggested that AFBECS was found to have prominent anti-obesity potential and exhibited its therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting adipogenesis, promoting lipolysis and ameliorating oxidative stress.
肥胖是一种日益严重的流行病，需要其他方法来预防或治疗，因为现有的方法不是很有效。在此背景下，本研究旨在探讨Capparis spinosa L. (AFBECS)含水花蕾提取物(AFBECS)在3T3-L1脂肪细胞和高脂饮食(HFD)诱导的肥胖中的抗肥胖潜力，从而为其传统用途提供科学验证。在不同浓度AFBECS(25、50、100、250和500µg/mL)的情况下，分别在DMEM中培养和分化3T3-L1前脂肪细胞，并测定其提取物对3T3-L1脂肪细胞活力和脂质积累的影响。结果显示，AFBECS能维持3T3-L1脂肪细胞的活力，并能降低3T3-L1细胞的脂质积累，且呈剂量依赖性。与奥利司他相比，AFBECS体外胰脂肪酶抑制试验显示出中等水平的抑制。在体内研究中，以奥利司他为标准药物，分别给予HFD诱导的肥胖大鼠100、200和300 mg/kg提取物60天。通过食物摄入量、体重、器官重量、脂肪细胞面积、脂质分布和许多其他血液生化参数来评估抗肥胖潜力。体内研究数据显示，AFBECS治疗动物的体重、脂肪垫和器官重量显著降低。在AFBECS治疗后，血糖、胰岛素、瘦素、脂质谱和抗氧化状态的改变也趋于正常。这些结果表明，AFBECS具有显著的抗肥胖潜力，并通过抑制脂肪生成、促进脂肪分解和改善氧化应激发挥其治疗作用。
{"title":"Anti-obesity potential of Capparis spinosa flower bud extracts in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in high fat diet induced obese rats","authors":"K. Athesh, P. Brindha","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.127","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a raising pandemic and it needs alternative approaches to prevent or treat, as the existing approaches are not highly effective. In this context, the present study has been designed with the aim to investigate the antiobesity potential of aqueous flower buds extract of Capparis spinosa L. (AFBECS) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity thereby giving scientific validation to its traditional use. The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured and differentiated in DMEM in the absence and presence of various concentrations of AFBECS (25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 µg/mL) and the influence of the extracts on 3T3-L1 adipocyte viability and lipid accumulation were determined. The results showed that AFBECS maintained the viability of the 3T3-L1 adipocytes and also reduced the lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, dose dependently. In-vitro pancreatic lipase inhibition assay of AFBECS had shown moderate level of inhibition when compared with Orlistat. For in-vivo studies, HFD induced obese rats were treated with 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of extracts for a period of 60 days using orlistat as standard drug. Anti-obesity potential was assessed using food intake, body weight, organ weights, adipocyte area, lipid profiles and many other blood biochemical parameters. Data of in-vivo studies revealed, significant reduction in body weight, fat-pad and organ weights of AFBECS treated animals. Altered levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, lipid profiles and antioxidant status were also normalized upon AFBECS treatment. These findings suggested that AFBECS was found to have prominent anti-obesity potential and exhibited its therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting adipogenesis, promoting lipolysis and ameliorating oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74704327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.063
Nguyễn Hoàng Minh Thuận, T. D. Khoa, Chau Van Tuan
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness, characterized by psychotic symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, dystonia, adolescent behavior and language, and is accompanied by severe functional impairments. Antipsychotics, which are used mainly in the treatment of schizophrenia, have contributed to the development of metabolic syndrome. Studies on metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients have been still limited in Vietnam. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Vietnamese inpatients with schizophrenia. The study population of this descriptive cross-sectional study was all patients with schizophrenia from September 2020 to June 2021 at Inpatient Department of Binh Dinh Provincial Psychiatric Hospital in Viet Nam. Three hundred and twelve patients who met the sampling requirements were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of schizophrenia in female patients was lower than in male patients (36.9% vs. 63.1%) in our study. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.4% (25.9% in men and 38.3% in women), more in patients 40 years old than in patients under 40 years old (the highest prevalence in patients 60 years). There was a significant relationship between age, body mass index (BMI), and duration of antipsychotic treatment with the frequency of metabolic syndrome. In conclusions, the prevalence of schizophrenia was higher in male inpatients than in female inpatients. However, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in female inpatients than male inpatients with schizophrenia, and increased with age, BMI, and duration of antipsychotic treatment.
{"title":"Prescription of antipsychotics and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Vietnamese inpatients with schizophrenia","authors":"Nguyễn Hoàng Minh Thuận, T. D. Khoa, Chau Van Tuan","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.04.22.063","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness, characterized by psychotic symptoms including delusions, hallucinations, dystonia, adolescent behavior and language, and is accompanied by severe functional impairments. Antipsychotics, which are used mainly in the treatment of schizophrenia, have contributed to the development of metabolic syndrome. Studies on metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients have been still limited in Vietnam. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Vietnamese inpatients with schizophrenia. The study population of this descriptive cross-sectional study was all patients with schizophrenia from September 2020 to June 2021 at Inpatient Department of Binh Dinh Provincial Psychiatric Hospital in Viet Nam. Three hundred and twelve patients who met the sampling requirements were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of schizophrenia in female patients was lower than in male patients (36.9% vs. 63.1%) in our study. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.4% (25.9% in men and 38.3% in women), more in patients 40 years old than in patients under 40 years old (the highest prevalence in patients 60 years). There was a significant relationship between age, body mass index (BMI), and duration of antipsychotic treatment with the frequency of metabolic syndrome. In conclusions, the prevalence of schizophrenia was higher in male inpatients than in female inpatients. However, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in female inpatients than male inpatients with schizophrenia, and increased with age, BMI, and duration of antipsychotic treatment.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76883071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.086
Theerut Luangmonkong, Jiratchaya Wongsaardsakul, Rujipas Laobutree, S. Jindarat, N. Jaisupa
Individual conditions are essential in pharmacotherapy of hypertension; however, information regarding the association between anti-hypertensive drugs and co-morbid diseases as recommended in clinical practice guidelines is not well acquainted. Therefore, this study aimed to report the prevalence of prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs using Thailand National Health Security Office database. In 2014, we found that calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), and diuretics, were prescribed in 56.11%, 42.70%, and 33.58% of total patients, respectively. Similarly in 2015, CCBs and ACEIs were prescribed in 57.69% and 41.01% of total patients, whereas the 3 rd most frequently prescribed was anti-adrenergics (28.55%). As recommended in the latest Thailand clinical practice guideline at that period, as a mono-therapy, patients younger than 55 years old without co-morbid diseases received either ACEIs (28.91% and 28.40%) or ARBs (6.70% and 6.33%); however, CCBs were prescribed to these patients in the highest percentage (33.25% and 40.35% in 2014 and 2015, respectively). Focusing on patients with co-morbid conditions, CCBs were prescribed at 54.23% and 55.72% in patients with diabetes mellitus and 62.53% and 62.58% in patients with chronic kidney diseases in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The percentages of patients with chronic kidney diseases who received CCBs were relatively higher than those treated with either ACEIs or ARBs, the first-line recommendation. Interestingly, we found the inappropriate combination between ACEIs and ARBs. Our finding revealed that although the anti-hypertensive drug prescription in Thailand was in line with the recommendations in clinical practice guidelines, certain problematic prescriptions remained available.
{"title":"Prevalence of anti-hypertensive drug prescription in Thailand, a cross sectional study using National Health Security Office database","authors":"Theerut Luangmonkong, Jiratchaya Wongsaardsakul, Rujipas Laobutree, S. Jindarat, N. Jaisupa","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.086","url":null,"abstract":"Individual conditions are essential in pharmacotherapy of hypertension; however, information regarding the association between anti-hypertensive drugs and co-morbid diseases as recommended in clinical practice guidelines is not well acquainted. Therefore, this study aimed to report the prevalence of prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs using Thailand National Health Security Office database. In 2014, we found that calcium channel blockers (CCBs), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), and diuretics, were prescribed in 56.11%, 42.70%, and 33.58% of total patients, respectively. Similarly in 2015, CCBs and ACEIs were prescribed in 57.69% and 41.01% of total patients, whereas the 3 rd most frequently prescribed was anti-adrenergics (28.55%). As recommended in the latest Thailand clinical practice guideline at that period, as a mono-therapy, patients younger than 55 years old without co-morbid diseases received either ACEIs (28.91% and 28.40%) or ARBs (6.70% and 6.33%); however, CCBs were prescribed to these patients in the highest percentage (33.25% and 40.35% in 2014 and 2015, respectively). Focusing on patients with co-morbid conditions, CCBs were prescribed at 54.23% and 55.72% in patients with diabetes mellitus and 62.53% and 62.58% in patients with chronic kidney diseases in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The percentages of patients with chronic kidney diseases who received CCBs were relatively higher than those treated with either ACEIs or ARBs, the first-line recommendation. Interestingly, we found the inappropriate combination between ACEIs and ARBs. Our finding revealed that although the anti-hypertensive drug prescription in Thailand was in line with the recommendations in clinical practice guidelines, certain problematic prescriptions remained available.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73034993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.107
S. Tran, H. T. Huynh, Toan Hoang Ngo, Anh Thi Hoang Nguyen, C. T. Vo, Thang Nguyen, Minh Van Huynh
Arterial stiffness is an independent prognostic factor for predicting adverse cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to investigate the rate of increase in arterial stiffness index and the relationship between the ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) with some cardiovascular risks and the change of AASI after 3 months of treatment with perindopril/indapamide (PER/IND). We conducted this research on 75 untreated hypertensive patients at Can Tho University of medicine and pharmacy, Viet Nam. AASI and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure results. Our study showed that the mean AASI is 0.44±0.14. Female’s increased AASI is capable of 4.38 times as much as the male. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) can increase arterial stiffness index about 3.93 times as much as the non-hypertrophy group ( p <0.05). AASI is positively correlated with mean pulse pressure and age with r=0.37 and r=0.3 ( p <0.05). After 3 months of treatment, results analysis of the subgroup revealed that AASI decreased 0.06±0.15 in women ( p <0.05). AASI reduced significantly in the group of people aged 65 or more with a mean change to 0.11±0.12 ( p <0.05). Moreover, the group of patients with grade 2 hypertension also indicated that AASI reduced 0.05±0.14 in post-treatment. In conclusion, AASI has been associated with several cardiovascular risk factors such as female, age, nocturnal non-dipper blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, and increased mean pulse pressure. PER/IND has effectively reduced arterial stiffness in Vietnamese patients with primary hypertension, especially women, the elderly, and grade 2 hypertension.
{"title":"Effectiveness of combination of perindopril and indapamide on ambulatory arterial stiffness index in Vietnamese patients with primary hypertension","authors":"S. Tran, H. T. Huynh, Toan Hoang Ngo, Anh Thi Hoang Nguyen, C. T. Vo, Thang Nguyen, Minh Van Huynh","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.05.22.107","url":null,"abstract":"Arterial stiffness is an independent prognostic factor for predicting adverse cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. This study aimed to investigate the rate of increase in arterial stiffness index and the relationship between the ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) with some cardiovascular risks and the change of AASI after 3 months of treatment with perindopril/indapamide (PER/IND). We conducted this research on 75 untreated hypertensive patients at Can Tho University of medicine and pharmacy, Viet Nam. AASI and pulse pressure (PP) were calculated from 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure results. Our study showed that the mean AASI is 0.44±0.14. Female’s increased AASI is capable of 4.38 times as much as the male. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) can increase arterial stiffness index about 3.93 times as much as the non-hypertrophy group ( p <0.05). AASI is positively correlated with mean pulse pressure and age with r=0.37 and r=0.3 ( p <0.05). After 3 months of treatment, results analysis of the subgroup revealed that AASI decreased 0.06±0.15 in women ( p <0.05). AASI reduced significantly in the group of people aged 65 or more with a mean change to 0.11±0.12 ( p <0.05). Moreover, the group of patients with grade 2 hypertension also indicated that AASI reduced 0.05±0.14 in post-treatment. In conclusion, AASI has been associated with several cardiovascular risk factors such as female, age, nocturnal non-dipper blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, and increased mean pulse pressure. PER/IND has effectively reduced arterial stiffness in Vietnamese patients with primary hypertension, especially women, the elderly, and grade 2 hypertension.","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78679073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.106
J. Meanwatthana, Phatcharin Mitsuntisuk
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important cancer complication. Recent studies suggest direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are possible alternatives for this population; nonetheless, there is limited evidence to support this decision in Thai cancer patients. The primary aim of this study was to measure the cumulative incidence of VTE recurrences and major bleeding among cancer patients who received DOACs that were available in Thailand. Secondary objective was to determine factors associated recurrent VTE and major bleeding. This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in tertiary care hospitals in Thailand. Data was collected from patients who had active cancer with new diagnosis of VTE and receiving approved DOACs. There were 32 cases, who received rivaroxaban, apixaban, or dabigatran, recruited to this study. We reported 4 cases (12.5%) of recurrent VTE at 6-month. There were 6 patients (18.75%), 2 patients (6.25%), and 1 patient (3.13%) with major bleeding, minor bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage, consecutively. No correlation was found between factors associated with recurrent VTE recurrence or bleeding. This study demonstrated that DOACs may be an acceptable option for preventing VTE recurrence. However, Thai population may be potentially prone to have clinically relevant bleeding. A further prospective study is warranted to draw a final conclusion in Thai cancer patients
{"title":"Assessment of direct-acting oral anticoagulants for the treatment of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients in Thai Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"J. Meanwatthana, Phatcharin Mitsuntisuk","doi":"10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29090/psa.2022.02.21.106","url":null,"abstract":"Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important cancer complication. Recent studies suggest direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are possible alternatives for this population; nonetheless, there is limited evidence to support this decision in Thai cancer patients. The primary aim of this study was to measure the cumulative incidence of VTE recurrences and major bleeding among cancer patients who received DOACs that were available in Thailand. Secondary objective was to determine factors associated recurrent VTE and major bleeding. This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in tertiary care hospitals in Thailand. Data was collected from patients who had active cancer with new diagnosis of VTE and receiving approved DOACs. There were 32 cases, who received rivaroxaban, apixaban, or dabigatran, recruited to this study. We reported 4 cases (12.5%) of recurrent VTE at 6-month. There were 6 patients (18.75%), 2 patients (6.25%), and 1 patient (3.13%) with major bleeding, minor bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage, consecutively. No correlation was found between factors associated with recurrent VTE recurrence or bleeding. This study demonstrated that DOACs may be an acceptable option for preventing VTE recurrence. However, Thai population may be potentially prone to have clinically relevant bleeding. A further prospective study is warranted to draw a final conclusion in Thai cancer patients","PeriodicalId":19761,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83254438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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