Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.65.75
M. Mujahid, A. Rafai, Muhammad Imran, Mustansar Hayat Saggu, N. Rahman
Wind energy plays a tremendous role in energy power sector in terms of wind turbine. Engineers and scientists are trying to improve the wind turbine design in order to get the maximum power efficiency from the wind, which is one of the most cheap and common renewable resource in nature. The objective of this study was to design a horizontal wind turbine rotor blade for a site of known wind data in order to extract the maximum power efficiency from the wind by using blade element theory analysis and Q-Blade simulation. Eight different aerofoils of different thicknesses from two NACA family 55xx and 00xx were considered for this study. The four different rotor blades were designed having length of 25 meter. Each blade consists of the combination of these NACA aerofoils which are oriented at different angles of attack and to simulate it at different Reynolds numbers. Comparative study was done to find the optimum blade design by considering the power output at two different rotational speeds and observe the effects of changing chord length and twist angle of final selected blade on these power output.
{"title":"Design Optimization and Analysis of Rotor Blade for Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine Using Q-Blade Software","authors":"M. Mujahid, A. Rafai, Muhammad Imran, Mustansar Hayat Saggu, N. Rahman","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.65.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.65.75","url":null,"abstract":"Wind energy plays a tremendous role in energy power sector in terms of wind turbine. Engineers and scientists are trying to improve the wind turbine design in order to get the maximum power efficiency from the wind, which is one of the most cheap and common renewable resource in nature. The objective of this study was to design a horizontal wind turbine rotor blade for a site of known wind data in order to extract the maximum power efficiency from the wind by using blade element theory analysis and Q-Blade simulation. Eight different aerofoils of different thicknesses from two NACA family 55xx and 00xx were considered for this study. The four different rotor blades were designed having length of 25 meter. Each blade consists of the combination of these NACA aerofoils which are oriented at different angles of attack and to simulate it at different Reynolds numbers. Comparative study was done to find the optimum blade design by considering the power output at two different rotational speeds and observe the effects of changing chord length and twist angle of final selected blade on these power output.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"7 1","pages":"65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78455110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.52.58
Kanwal Aftab, S. A. Jilani
The Sun is undoubtedly the most important thrust of the climate system. However, only little is known how variable this force is acting on different time scales ranging from minutes to millennia and how the climate system reacts to changes in this forcing. In the present study possible effect of solar activity on maximum temperature T (max) and minimum temperature T (min), humidity and precipitation have been investigated. The analysis comprises over a period of 2000-2015 that consists of the decreasing phase of solar cycle-23 and the increasing phase of solar cycle-24. To optimize the number of signicant trends, different phases of solar activity have been implemented there to observe the variation in climate of Karachi and Rohri in response of it. These detection and adjustment are carried out using the computer software Statistica and Minitab. Correlation analysis for different seasons of these two regions is performed in this study.
{"title":"Sunspots Influence on Climatic Variability of Karachi and Rohri","authors":"Kanwal Aftab, S. A. Jilani","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.52.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.52.58","url":null,"abstract":"The Sun is undoubtedly the most important thrust of the climate system. However, only little is known how variable this force is acting on different time scales ranging from minutes to millennia and how the climate system reacts to changes in this forcing. In the present study possible effect of solar activity on maximum temperature T (max) and minimum temperature T (min), humidity and precipitation have been investigated. The analysis comprises over a period of 2000-2015 that consists of the decreasing phase of solar cycle-23 and the increasing phase of solar cycle-24. To optimize the number of signicant trends, different phases of solar activity have been implemented there to observe the variation in climate of Karachi and Rohri in response of it. These detection and adjustment are carried out using the computer software Statistica and Minitab. Correlation analysis for different seasons of these two regions is performed in this study.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"7 1","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90524095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.6.9
Rehana Jafri, Amir Ahmed, Kamran Abro, I. A. Khan, A. Rehman
Two preparations of iron supplements have been developed with vitamins, Irovit-1 and Irovit-2 containing 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL elemental iron respectively in complex form. Clinical trials of Irovit-1 and Irovit-2 have been conducted randomly on selected anemic males and females from urban population of Karachi, an improvement in hemoglobin levels were estimated for the treatments with Irovit-1 (10 mg Fe/day) and Irovit-2 (20 mg Fe/day). Both preparations have been found to be effective in increasing hemoglobin, Hematocrit and red blood cell count. The mean hemoglobin levels were observed increased 0.73 ± 0.25 g/dL and 1.10 ± 0.30 g/dL, after 5 weeks by oral intake of Irovit-1 and Irovit-2, respectively.
{"title":"Efficacy Studies of Two Iron Supplements Irovit-1 and Irovit-2","authors":"Rehana Jafri, Amir Ahmed, Kamran Abro, I. A. Khan, A. Rehman","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.6.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.6.9","url":null,"abstract":"Two preparations of iron supplements have been developed with vitamins, Irovit-1 and Irovit-2 containing 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL elemental iron respectively in complex form. Clinical trials of Irovit-1 and Irovit-2 have been conducted randomly on selected anemic males and females from urban population of Karachi, an improvement in hemoglobin levels were estimated for the treatments with Irovit-1 (10 mg Fe/day) and Irovit-2 (20 mg Fe/day). Both preparations have been found to be effective in increasing hemoglobin, Hematocrit and red blood cell count. The mean hemoglobin levels were observed increased 0.73 ± 0.25 g/dL and 1.10 ± 0.30 g/dL, after 5 weeks by oral intake of Irovit-1 and Irovit-2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"29 1","pages":"6-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78634290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.10.18
R. Khan, A. Mushtaq
The aim of this study is to enhance the tensile and flexural strength of polyamide (nylon 6, 6) by incorporation of glass fibre. Nylon has high elasticity, strength, toughness and maintain mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. The method employed for enhancement of properties is by the reinforcement of glass fibre. Glass fibre is the most extensively used reinforcement material. It is a lightweight, extremely solid, durable, low cost material that moderafly stiff. The composition of glass fibre was kept at 0 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 50 wt.% in nylon 6,6 blend. Initially, samples were manufactured by injection molding of nylon 6,6 and glass fibre. The pressure and velocity profiles at 0 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 50 wt.% reinforced nylon 6,6 are also compared. The samples thus formed were checked for shrinkage. The samples were tested for their tensile and flexural properties. The mechanical properties of polyamide (nylon 6,6) significantly improves by increasing glass fibre reinforcement.
{"title":"Effect of Reinforced Glass Fibre on the Mechanical Properties of Polyamide","authors":"R. Khan, A. Mushtaq","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.10.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.10.18","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to enhance the tensile and flexural strength of polyamide (nylon 6, 6) by incorporation of glass fibre. Nylon has high elasticity, strength, toughness and maintain mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. The method employed for enhancement of properties is by the reinforcement of glass fibre. Glass fibre is the most extensively used reinforcement material. It is a lightweight, extremely solid, durable, low cost material that moderafly stiff. The composition of glass fibre was kept at 0 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 50 wt.% in nylon 6,6 blend. Initially, samples were manufactured by injection molding of nylon 6,6 and glass fibre. The pressure and velocity profiles at 0 wt.%, 30 wt.% and 50 wt.% reinforced nylon 6,6 are also compared. The samples thus formed were checked for shrinkage. The samples were tested for their tensile and flexural properties. The mechanical properties of polyamide (nylon 6,6) significantly improves by increasing glass fibre reinforcement.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"7 1","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81842047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.59.64
Syed Bilawal Ali Shah, Syed Bilawal Ali Shah, Adeeb Ahmed, Muhammad Nofal Munir
By using total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analysis measurements, the hydrocarbon source rock potential of Chichali and Samana Suk formations found in the subsurface of Panjpir oilfield in Punjab platform located in the eastern part of the middle Indus Basin was investigated. Twenty two core samples were collected from producing well. The analysed samples of Chichali formation contains TOC ranging between 0.99-4.61 wt.% having average TOC of 1.51 wt.% and the S2 values of Rock-Eval show the poor to fair generative potential with values ranging from 0.99-3.08 mg HC/g rock. The samples have low hydrogen index values ranging from 21-302 mg HC/g TOC and also most of the samples have low T_(max ) values ranging from 422-432 °C and have OI values ranging from 15-82 mg CO2/g TOC. Samana Suk formation samples have TOC ranging between 0.28-1.38 wt.% having average TOC of 0.84 wt.%. S2 values of Rock-Eval shows poor generative potential with values ranging from 0.05-2.99 mg HC/g rock. The samples have low hydrogen index values ranging from 13-322 mg HC/g TOC and T_(max) values ranging from 423-435 °C, and have OI values ranging from 41-182 mg CO2/g TOC. On the basis of analysis performed only one sample from Chichali and five samples of Samana Suk formations have entered early maturity zone, while all remaining samples lie in immature zone as indicated by HI vs T_(max) plot. HI vs OI plot and HI vs T_ (max) indicates the presence of kerogen Type III. All of the samples from Samana Suk formation shows poor generative potential as compared to Chichali formation having fair generative potential as indicated by S2 vs TOC plot. Hence, from the results some minor gas could be expected to have been generated from Chichali formation in Panjpir oilfield subsurface.
{"title":"Source Rock Potential of Chichali and Samana Suk Formations Deposits in Panjpir Oilfield Subsurface, Punjab Platform, Pakistan","authors":"Syed Bilawal Ali Shah, Syed Bilawal Ali Shah, Adeeb Ahmed, Muhammad Nofal Munir","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.59.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.59.64","url":null,"abstract":"By using total organic carbon (TOC) and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analysis measurements, the hydrocarbon source rock potential of Chichali and Samana Suk formations found in the subsurface of Panjpir oilfield in Punjab platform located in the eastern part of the middle Indus Basin was investigated. Twenty two core samples were collected from producing well. The analysed samples of Chichali formation contains TOC ranging between 0.99-4.61 wt.% having average TOC of 1.51 wt.% and the S2 values of Rock-Eval show the poor to fair generative potential with values ranging from 0.99-3.08 mg HC/g rock. The samples have low hydrogen index values ranging from 21-302 mg HC/g TOC and also most of the samples have low T_(max ) values ranging from 422-432 °C and have OI values ranging from 15-82 mg CO2/g TOC. Samana Suk formation samples have TOC ranging between 0.28-1.38 wt.% having average TOC of 0.84 wt.%. S2 values of Rock-Eval shows poor generative potential with values ranging from 0.05-2.99 mg HC/g rock. The samples have low hydrogen index values ranging from 13-322 mg HC/g TOC and T_(max) values ranging from 423-435 °C, and have OI values ranging from 41-182 mg CO2/g TOC. On the basis of analysis performed only one sample from Chichali and five samples of Samana Suk formations have entered early maturity zone, while all remaining samples lie in immature zone as indicated by HI vs T_(max) plot. HI vs OI plot and HI vs T_ (max) indicates the presence of kerogen Type III. All of the samples from Samana Suk formation shows poor generative potential as compared to Chichali formation having fair generative potential as indicated by S2 vs TOC plot. Hence, from the results some minor gas could be expected to have been generated from Chichali formation in Panjpir oilfield subsurface.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"93 1","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81690628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.76.83
M. Imran, R. Khan, S. Badshah
The vibration properties of the composite structures is critical to the reliability and durability of the structures. Vibration becomes worst in case the delamination is present within laminates. In this research work, experimental, finite element and analytical techniques have been applied in order to analyze the influence of stacking sequence and delamination sizes on the natural frequencies of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) plate with and without delamination. The boundary conditions in this research work was (SSSS) (all sides simply supported. Experiments were performed to study the vibration characteristics of (CFRP) delaminated composite plate. Software package ABQUS was used to model and analyze the vibration response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite plate for (SSSS) boundary condition and the effect of stacking sequence and delamination size was calculated. Rayleigh- Ritz Method was used to find the natural frequencies for different delamination sizes and stacking sequences. The results was concluded that natural frequencies were significantly affected by the delamination sizes and stacking sequences. Stacking sequence of (0/90/45/90) showed higher values of natural frequencies in lower mode subjected to all-sides simply supported boundary conditions. It was interesting to see that there were small differences in values of natural frequencies among the stacking sequences for lower modes but the difference gradually increased in case of higher modes.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Stacking Sequence and Delamination Size on the Natural Frequencies of Delaminated Composite Plate","authors":"M. Imran, R. Khan, S. Badshah","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.76.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.64.1.2021.76.83","url":null,"abstract":"The vibration properties of the composite structures is critical to the reliability and durability of the structures. Vibration becomes worst in case the delamination is present within laminates. In this research work, experimental, finite element and analytical techniques have been applied in order to analyze the influence of stacking sequence and delamination sizes on the natural frequencies of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) plate with and without delamination. The boundary conditions in this research work was (SSSS) (all sides simply supported. Experiments were performed to study the vibration characteristics of (CFRP) delaminated composite plate. Software package ABQUS was used to model and analyze the vibration response of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite plate for (SSSS) boundary condition and the effect of stacking sequence and delamination size was calculated. Rayleigh- Ritz Method was used to find the natural frequencies for different delamination sizes and stacking sequences. The results was concluded that natural frequencies were significantly affected by the delamination sizes and stacking sequences. Stacking sequence of (0/90/45/90) showed higher values of natural frequencies in lower mode subjected to all-sides simply supported boundary conditions. It was interesting to see that there were small differences in values of natural frequencies among the stacking sequences for lower modes but the difference gradually increased in case of higher modes.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"1 1","pages":"76-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82184466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.3.2020.187.198
N. Khan, M. Nafees, T. Saeed, Abdullah Khan, A. Bashir
The present study was conducted in the Plum orchard zone of district Peshawar. The study was aimed to investigate the levels of different micronutrients in the orchard soil and crop in corresponding to non-orchards. For this purpose, samples of soil and seasonal crop (wheat crop) were collected from both orchard and non-orchard fields. The collected samples were analyzed for various metals such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Co through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that in orchard soils, mean concentrations of Mn (486.9 mg/Kg), Cu (81.66 mg/Kg), Cd (2.21 mg/Kg), Cr (54.2 mg/Kg) and Ni (27.9 mg/Kg) were observed above their allowable limits. Similarly, in orchard wheat crops, a higher accumulation of Fe (416.1 mg/Kg), Cu (18.6 mg/Kg), Cr (1.5 mg/Kg) and Cd (0.63 mg/Kg) was calculated in the wheat grain/seed part. In non-orchards, all metals were found at safe levels. Analysis of the irrigation water revealed higher limits of Mn (0.06 mg/L), Fe (1.94 mg/L), Cd (1.29 mg/L), Cr (3.14 mg/L) and Ni (1.23 mg/L). Geo-accumulation Index showed a moderate and heavy level of contamination in orchard soils (Igeo. <1, 2). Higher uptakes of Mn (0.81) and Cu (0.87) were calculated in wheat crops of orchards through Transfer Factor (TF). Based on the observations, it is concluded that metals enrichment in orchard fields can be attributed due to excessive applications of fungicide sprays, fertilizers and contaminated water sources that introduce trace-elements into the soil and are subsequently absorbed by plants. Therefore, it is considered important to take appropriate measures to monitor the soils, crops and water for different micronutrients.
{"title":"Accumulation and Translocation of Micro-Nutrients in Soil and Plants of Orchard and Non-Orchard Fields","authors":"N. Khan, M. Nafees, T. Saeed, Abdullah Khan, A. Bashir","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.3.2020.187.198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.3.2020.187.198","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted in the Plum orchard zone of district Peshawar. The study was aimed to investigate the levels of different micronutrients in the orchard soil and crop in corresponding to non-orchards. For this purpose, samples of soil and seasonal crop (wheat crop) were collected from both orchard and non-orchard fields. The collected samples were analyzed for various metals such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Co through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that in orchard soils, mean concentrations of Mn (486.9 mg/Kg), Cu (81.66 mg/Kg), Cd (2.21 mg/Kg), Cr (54.2 mg/Kg) and Ni (27.9 mg/Kg) were observed above their allowable limits. Similarly, in orchard wheat crops, a higher accumulation of Fe (416.1 mg/Kg), Cu (18.6 mg/Kg), Cr (1.5 mg/Kg) and Cd (0.63 mg/Kg) was calculated in the wheat grain/seed part. In non-orchards, all metals were found at safe levels. Analysis of the irrigation water revealed higher limits of Mn (0.06 mg/L), Fe (1.94 mg/L), Cd (1.29 mg/L), Cr (3.14 mg/L) and Ni (1.23 mg/L). Geo-accumulation Index showed a moderate and heavy level of contamination in orchard soils (Igeo. <1, 2). Higher uptakes of Mn (0.81) and Cu (0.87) were calculated in wheat crops of orchards through Transfer Factor (TF). Based on the observations, it is concluded that metals enrichment in orchard fields can be attributed due to excessive applications of fungicide sprays, fertilizers and contaminated water sources that introduce trace-elements into the soil and are subsequently absorbed by plants. Therefore, it is considered important to take appropriate measures to monitor the soils, crops and water for different micronutrients.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"54 1","pages":"187-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83751447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.3.2020.214.225
S. Hussain, Q. Chachar, S. Chachar, Bahram Khan Chachar, W. A. Jatoi, M. Siddiqui, Rafiq Ahmad Rindh
To observe the effect of high temperatures stresses i.e., normal (25 °C), high (30 °C) and very high (35 °C) stress, on germination and seedling growth on wheat genotypes a water culture study was conducted under controlled conditions (growth incubators). Eighteen newly developed wheat lines (DH- I, DH-3, DH-4, DH-5, DH-6, DH-7, DH-8, DH-10, DH-11, DH-12, DH-13, DH-14, DH-15, DH-16, DH-18, DH-19, DH-20 and DH-21) were tested along with two local checks i.e., Kiran-95 and LU-26s. There was a gradual reduction in germination and seedling growth at 30 °C and 35 °C. Among the tested genotypes the genotype DH-16 showed least reduction i.e. only 2.27% reduction in germination at 35 °C. On the other hand the genotype DH-6 showed maximum reduction (28.09%) at 35 °C. High temperature stresses also affected on other growth parameters i.e. shoot and root length (cm), fresh and dry matter (g) of shoot and root and the moisture contents. It is based on relative reduction over control in various growth parameters at very high temperature stress (35 °C), four genotypes viz., DH-3, DH-5, DH-8 and DH-13 appeared as tolerant, nine genotypes i.e., DH-1, DH-4, DH-7, DH-10, DH-11, DH-14, DH-18, and LU-26s appeared as medium tolerant and two as medium sensitive i.e. DH-6 and DH-16. On the other hand six genotypes viz., DH-12, DH-15, DH-19, DH-20, DH-21 and Kiran-95 showed sensitivity 35 °C over 25 °C. It is therefore concluded that the genotypes DH-3, DH-5 and DH-13 can be cultivated on heat prone areas of Pakistan especially in Sindh province.
{"title":"Temperature Regimes on Seeds Germination and Growth Parameters of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes at Early Seedling Stage","authors":"S. Hussain, Q. Chachar, S. Chachar, Bahram Khan Chachar, W. A. Jatoi, M. Siddiqui, Rafiq Ahmad Rindh","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.3.2020.214.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.3.2020.214.225","url":null,"abstract":"To observe the effect of high temperatures stresses i.e., normal (25 °C), high (30 °C) and very high (35 °C) stress, on germination and seedling growth on wheat genotypes a water culture study was conducted under controlled conditions (growth incubators). Eighteen newly developed wheat lines (DH- I, DH-3, DH-4, DH-5, DH-6, DH-7, DH-8, DH-10, DH-11, DH-12, DH-13, DH-14, DH-15, DH-16, DH-18, DH-19, DH-20 and DH-21) were tested along with two local checks i.e., Kiran-95 and LU-26s. There was a gradual reduction in germination and seedling growth at 30 °C and 35 °C. Among the tested genotypes the genotype DH-16 showed least reduction i.e. only 2.27% reduction in germination at 35 °C. On the other hand the genotype DH-6 showed maximum reduction (28.09%) at 35 °C. High temperature stresses also affected on other growth parameters i.e. shoot and root length (cm), fresh and dry matter (g) of shoot and root and the moisture contents. It is based on relative reduction over control in various growth parameters at very high temperature stress (35 °C), four genotypes viz., DH-3, DH-5, DH-8 and DH-13 appeared as tolerant, nine genotypes i.e., DH-1, DH-4, DH-7, DH-10, DH-11, DH-14, DH-18, and LU-26s appeared as medium tolerant and two as medium sensitive i.e. DH-6 and DH-16. On the other hand six genotypes viz., DH-12, DH-15, DH-19, DH-20, DH-21 and Kiran-95 showed sensitivity 35 °C over 25 °C. It is therefore concluded that the genotypes DH-3, DH-5 and DH-13 can be cultivated on heat prone areas of Pakistan especially in Sindh province.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"24 1","pages":"214-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82294452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.3.2020.163.168
A. Masood, H. Mubeen, N. Iqbal
To evaluate the expression of genes that involved in hypothyroidism by multiple alignment of nucleotide sequences of genes study the functional unit of genes that involve in production of thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland is part of endocrine gland and regulates much vital body function (breathing, heart rate, body weight, body temperature also involve in development, growth, protein production and it also control the central and peripheral nervous system, muscle strength and menstrual cycle). Hypothyroidism is a condition in which thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. To find the genetics information than by using bioinformatics tools several genes that were involved in hypothyroidism were identified but six genes TSHR, TPO, THRB, TG, IYD, DUOX2 and their motifs were studied in detail to understand the basic domains involved in this disease.
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Pub Date : 2020-11-13DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.3.2020.169.178
H. Mubeen, R. Naqvi, A. Masood, M. Saleem, A. Bashir, S. Raza
Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP1) are the most common integral membrane proteins belong to a larger family of intrinsic aquaporin proteins. They are member of aquaporin gene family and have gained importance as highly expressed genes in plants. In this study, the promoter of aquaporin PIP1 gene was identified, analyzed and retrieved from high throughput genomic sequence (HTGS) database. The cis-acting regulatory elements, transcription start sites and transcription factor binding sites of selected promoter were identified through different bio-informatics tools. Many light responsive, phytohormone, stress and defense related cis-regulatory elements were detected in PIP1 promoter region indicating its role as a constitutive promoter. The PIP1 promoter was isolated from Solanum tuberosum. It was initially cloned in TA vector (pTZ57R/T) and later transferred to plant expression binary vectors, pGR1 and pGA482 for transient and stable expression studies in tobacco. The GUS expression results of PIP1 promoter in different tobacco tissues showed its functional importance in regulating gene expression in a constitutive manner. Further, it was concluded that the PIP1 aquaporin promoter is constitutively expressed with a strength equivalent to CaMV 2x35S promoter. These findings indicated the significance of isolated promoter for genetic engineering of plants for crop improvement.
{"title":"Isolation, Cloning and Characterization of a Constitutive Plant from Potato Aquaporin Gene","authors":"H. Mubeen, R. Naqvi, A. Masood, M. Saleem, A. Bashir, S. Raza","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.3.2020.169.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.3.2020.169.178","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIP1) are the most common integral membrane proteins belong to a larger family of intrinsic aquaporin proteins. They are member of aquaporin gene family and have gained importance as highly expressed genes in plants. In this study, the promoter of aquaporin PIP1 gene was identified, analyzed and retrieved from high throughput genomic sequence (HTGS) database. The cis-acting regulatory elements, transcription start sites and transcription factor binding sites of selected promoter were identified through different bio-informatics tools. Many light responsive, phytohormone, stress and defense related cis-regulatory elements were detected in PIP1 promoter region indicating its role as a constitutive promoter. The PIP1 promoter was isolated from Solanum tuberosum. It was initially cloned in TA vector (pTZ57R/T) and later transferred to plant expression binary vectors, pGR1 and pGA482 for transient and stable expression studies in tobacco. The GUS expression results of PIP1 promoter in different tobacco tissues showed its functional importance in regulating gene expression in a constitutive manner. Further, it was concluded that the PIP1 aquaporin promoter is constitutively expressed with a strength equivalent to CaMV 2x35S promoter. These findings indicated the significance of isolated promoter for genetic engineering of plants for crop improvement.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"48 1","pages":"169-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88059391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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