Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.94.100
Z. Rehman, Asif Alam Gul, S. Kazmi, D. Ahmed
Archaeological studies with the help of geographic information systems and remote sensing have been used in temporal, spatial, regional analysis and to investigate traditional and historical ways of human life. Remote sensing alludes to a wide variety of high-technology methods for collecting data pertaining to the physical or chemical properties of an archaeological site survey. The aim of this study is to identify the archaeological site of Makli graveyard and Banbhore fort through satellite images and explore the major land cover patterns on the southern part of Sindh province using geospatial technologies. Additional goals are to evaluate and visualize the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the southern part of Sindh province. A landsat-8 OLI / TIRS of 20th December 2014 and a DEM image were used to classify land cover and artifacts at the site. The result indicates that historical monuments at Makli, and Banbhore fort, Thatta testify in an outstanding manner, to the civilization of the Sindh region. geographically, its location is vulnerable around the river. Banbhore has survived such threats and continued to flourish as the only and most important port of Sindh.
在地理信息系统和遥感的帮助下，考古研究已用于时间、空间和区域分析，并用于调查人类生活的传统和历史方式。遥感指的是收集考古遗址的物理或化学性质数据的各种高科技方法。本研究的目的是通过卫星图像识别Makli墓地和Banbhore堡垒的考古遗址，并利用地理空间技术探索信德省南部的主要土地覆盖模式。其他目标是评估和可视化信德省南部的数字高程模型(DEM)。利用2014年12月20日的landsat-8 OLI / TIRS和DEM图像对该站点的土地覆盖和人工制品进行分类。结果表明，Makli的历史遗迹和塔塔的Banbhore堡垒以出色的方式证明了信德地区的文明。从地理上讲，它的位置在河流周围很脆弱。班霍尔经受住了这些威胁，继续繁荣发展，成为信德省唯一也是最重要的港口。
{"title":"Identify the Archaeological Research of Thatta District Through Geo-Spatial Technologies: A Case Study of Makli Graveyard and Banbhore Fort","authors":"Z. Rehman, Asif Alam Gul, S. Kazmi, D. Ahmed","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.94.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.94.100","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological studies with the help of geographic information systems and remote sensing have been used in temporal, spatial, regional analysis and to investigate traditional and historical ways of human life. Remote sensing alludes to a wide variety of high-technology methods for collecting data pertaining to the physical or chemical properties of an archaeological site survey. The aim of this study is to identify the archaeological site of Makli graveyard and Banbhore fort through satellite images and explore the major land cover patterns on the southern part of Sindh province using geospatial technologies. Additional goals are to evaluate and visualize the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the southern part of Sindh province. A landsat-8 OLI / TIRS of 20th December 2014 and a DEM image were used to classify land cover and artifacts at the site. The result indicates that historical monuments at Makli, and Banbhore fort, Thatta testify in an outstanding manner, to the civilization of the Sindh region. geographically, its location is vulnerable around the river. Banbhore has survived such threats and continued to flourish as the only and most important port of Sindh.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"12 1","pages":"94-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85453049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.123.129
Z. Shams, Muhammad Saqib Khan, S. Ahmed, Rumaisa Ilyas, Zeeshan Akhtar
Motor vehicles are the single largest source of toxic carbon monoxide in Karachi because advance emission control devices are not fitted in them mainly due to non-availability of low sulfur or sulfur-free fuel. On the contrary, commuters' exposure to carbon monoxide has not yet been investigated, while commuting in any motor vehicle of the city. Therefore, the present study investigated commuter's exposure to carbon monoxide, while travelling in nine different popular modes of transport. The exposure to CO concentrations was recorded inside the buses of seven standard routes of the city. Similarly, exposure to ambient carbon monoxide was also explored, while riding a motorbike on two different routes of the city. On an average, he came in contact with 6.82 ± 2.66 ppm CO during 7576 minutes travelling on nine routes of the metropolis. He was exposed to the highest CO concentration (15.20 ± 9.59 ppm), while riding a motorbike through Route 1 that passed through heavily populated neighborhood. Rider's exposure to carbon monoxide was found significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with wind velocity. As a whole, commuter's exposures to carbon monoxide during evening was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those of the morning sessions. The present study will provide baseline information for reducing human exposure to the deadly carbon monoxide.
{"title":"Exposure to Carbon Monoxide while Commuting in Popular Modes of Transport in Karachi, Pakistan","authors":"Z. Shams, Muhammad Saqib Khan, S. Ahmed, Rumaisa Ilyas, Zeeshan Akhtar","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.123.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.123.129","url":null,"abstract":"Motor vehicles are the single largest source of toxic carbon monoxide in Karachi because advance emission control devices are not fitted in them mainly due to non-availability of low sulfur or sulfur-free fuel. On the contrary, commuters' exposure to carbon monoxide has not yet been investigated, while commuting in any motor vehicle of the city. Therefore, the present study investigated commuter's exposure to carbon monoxide, while travelling in nine different popular modes of transport. The exposure to CO concentrations was recorded inside the buses of seven standard routes of the city. Similarly, exposure to ambient carbon monoxide was also explored, while riding a motorbike on two different routes of the city. On an average, he came in contact with 6.82 ± 2.66 ppm CO during 7576 minutes travelling on nine routes of the metropolis. He was exposed to the highest CO concentration (15.20 ± 9.59 ppm), while riding a motorbike through Route 1 that passed through heavily populated neighborhood. Rider's exposure to carbon monoxide was found significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with wind velocity. As a whole, commuter's exposures to carbon monoxide during evening was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those of the morning sessions. The present study will provide baseline information for reducing human exposure to the deadly carbon monoxide.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"38 1","pages":"123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84711986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.71.76
Faisal Javeed, M. G. Shahid, A. Javed
Fungal strain, Aspergillus niger (ATCC 1015) has ability to grow on keratinous material therefore, it was selected for the investigating bio-degradation of chicken feathers. Different operational parameters were studied under submerged fermentation process i.e. effect of substrate concentration, effect of pH, effect of incubation temperature, effect of yeast extract concentration and effect of volume of fermentation medium. A. niger was grown on solid medium of malt extract and agar, due to its ability of rapid growth on it. Complete bio-degradation of the substrate was achieved after 5 days (0.70±0.03 U/mL) under standard optimized conditions. Investigation of different operational parameters on bio-degradation of chicken feathers revealed, maximum keratinolytic was observed at 40 °C incubation temperature, at 0.5 g/100 mL of substrate concentration, 8 g/100 mL concentration of yeast extract, at 7 pH of the fermentation medium and at 50 mL volume of fermentation medium. The present study suggests that A. niger could prove to be a potential candidate for production of keratinase and bio-degradation of chicken feathers.
{"title":"Effect of Different Operational Parameters on Bio-degradation of Chicken Feathers by Aspergillus niger: Investigation Under Submerged Fermentation Process","authors":"Faisal Javeed, M. G. Shahid, A. Javed","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.71.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.71.76","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal strain, Aspergillus niger (ATCC 1015) has ability to grow on keratinous material therefore, it was selected for the investigating bio-degradation of chicken feathers. Different operational parameters were studied under submerged fermentation process i.e. effect of substrate concentration, effect of pH, effect of incubation temperature, effect of yeast extract concentration and effect of volume of fermentation medium. A. niger was grown on solid medium of malt extract and agar, due to its ability of rapid growth on it. Complete bio-degradation of the substrate was achieved after 5 days (0.70±0.03 U/mL) under standard optimized conditions. Investigation of different operational parameters on bio-degradation of chicken feathers revealed, maximum keratinolytic was observed at 40 °C incubation temperature, at 0.5 g/100 mL of substrate concentration, 8 g/100 mL concentration of yeast extract, at 7 pH of the fermentation medium and at 50 mL volume of fermentation medium. The present study suggests that A. niger could prove to be a potential candidate for production of keratinase and bio-degradation of chicken feathers.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"33 1","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78087846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.67.70
M. E. Elahi, Muhammad Mansoor Joyia, Asghar Ali
The study was conducted at Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC), Dera Ismail Khan (D.I.Khan) to evaluate cost and benefit of wheat cultivation in district Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Paktoon Khwa province of Pakistan during 2015. The basic underlying assumption of economic analysis of wheat production was to assess the farmers/growers financial impact of wheat cultivation. A sample of 200 respondents from 10 major wheat growing villages of the respective areas of the district was interviewed through pretested questionnaire. The study revealed that the cost of wheat production was Rs=35,680 per acres, whereas output comes 1650 Kg per acre (42 mounds) amounting Rs=63,600 per acre. Farmers' margin also rises by adding the value of family labour and owned land which is sufficient to sustain a normal family. Moreover, positive influence between return price and output of wheat was concluded from the study, whereas negative effect of cost was also observed. The output elasticity of Land Preparation (LP), Seed and Sowing (SS), Farm Inputs (FI), Irrigation (Irr), Pesticides (Pest) and Harvesting/Threshing (HT) are 0.124587, 0.31244, 0.5874, 0.55461, 0.08248 and 0.65743, respectively.
{"title":"Wheat Crop Cultivation's Profitability Studies in Sugar Crop Dominated Areas","authors":"M. E. Elahi, Muhammad Mansoor Joyia, Asghar Ali","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.67.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.67.70","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted at Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC), Dera Ismail Khan (D.I.Khan) to evaluate cost and benefit of wheat cultivation in district Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Paktoon Khwa province of Pakistan during 2015. The basic underlying assumption of economic analysis of wheat production was to assess the farmers/growers financial impact of wheat cultivation. A sample of 200 respondents from 10 major wheat growing villages of the respective areas of the district was interviewed through pretested questionnaire. The study revealed that the cost of wheat production was Rs=35,680 per acres, whereas output comes 1650 Kg per acre (42 mounds) amounting Rs=63,600 per acre. Farmers' margin also rises by adding the value of family labour and owned land which is sufficient to sustain a normal family. Moreover, positive influence between return price and output of wheat was concluded from the study, whereas negative effect of cost was also observed. The output elasticity of Land Preparation (LP), Seed and Sowing (SS), Farm Inputs (FI), Irrigation (Irr), Pesticides (Pest) and Harvesting/Threshing (HT) are 0.124587, 0.31244, 0.5874, 0.55461, 0.08248 and 0.65743, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"11 1","pages":"67-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74810849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.119.126
B. Saleh, A. Al-Mariri
Methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and hot water extracts of different parts (leaves, seeds, fruits and twigs fractions) of Psidium guajava L. were investigated for their antibacterial activities against 8 bacterial isolates. Inhibitory effects of P. guajava L. extracts have been screened by disc- diffusion method (Zone of inhibition, ZI), activity index (AI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. Ciprofloxacin antibiotic was used as standard for P. guajava L. antimicrobial activity comparison. From the ZI, AI and MIC values, methanolic and hot water extracts of twigs < 1cm diameter were the most potent against all tested micro-organisms by showing the highest ZI and AI value and the lowest MIC values. Whereas, no inhibitory activity was recorded for both seeds and fruits extracts using all tested solvents. These observations make this plant a potential source that can be used in management of bacterial infections. Moreover, methanolic and hot water extracts of twigs < 1cm required further in depth study.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity Evaluation of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) Crude Extracts Against Selected Bacterial Pathogens","authors":"B. Saleh, A. Al-Mariri","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.119.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.119.126","url":null,"abstract":"Methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and hot water extracts of different parts (leaves, seeds, fruits and twigs fractions) of Psidium guajava L. were investigated for their antibacterial activities against 8 bacterial isolates. Inhibitory effects of P. guajava L. extracts have been screened by disc- diffusion method (Zone of inhibition, ZI), activity index (AI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. Ciprofloxacin antibiotic was used as standard for P. guajava L. antimicrobial activity comparison. From the ZI, AI and MIC values, methanolic and hot water extracts of twigs < 1cm diameter were the most potent against all tested micro-organisms by showing the highest ZI and AI value and the lowest MIC values. Whereas, no inhibitory activity was recorded for both seeds and fruits extracts using all tested solvents. These observations make this plant a potential source that can be used in management of bacterial infections. Moreover, methanolic and hot water extracts of twigs < 1cm required further in depth study.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"34 1","pages":"119-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82683655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.132.134
S. Aslam, J. Mustaquim, G. Siddiqui
Ceratonereis (Composetia) burmensis Monro (1937) is reported for the first time from Pakistan. A single specimen was collected from Hab river delta (24°53'13.45'' N and 66°42'18.04'' E) on the Balochistan coast in September, 2017. Two species of Ceratonereis previously reported from Pakistan are: Ceratonereis marmorata (Horst, 1924) and Ceratonereis sp. (Cpmposetia) burmensis differs from C. marmorata in having a prostomium that is not marmorated. It also differs from Ceratonereis sp. in having neuropodial falcigers. C. (Composetia) burmensis has wide distribution from Iran to China.
{"title":"Short Communication First Record of the Polychaete Worm Ceratonereis (Composetia) burmensis (Phyllodocida: Nereididae) from Pakistan","authors":"S. Aslam, J. Mustaquim, G. Siddiqui","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.132.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.132.134","url":null,"abstract":"Ceratonereis (Composetia) burmensis Monro (1937) is reported for the first time from Pakistan. A single specimen was collected from Hab river delta (24°53'13.45'' N and 66°42'18.04'' E) on the Balochistan coast in September, 2017. Two species of Ceratonereis previously reported from Pakistan are: Ceratonereis marmorata (Horst, 1924) and Ceratonereis sp. (Cpmposetia) burmensis differs from C. marmorata in having a prostomium that is not marmorated. It also differs from Ceratonereis sp. in having neuropodial falcigers. C. (Composetia) burmensis has wide distribution from Iran to China.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"8 1","pages":"132-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89278730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.89.93
H. Tayoub, Baya Zebentouta, Z. Benamara
Low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) have been studied because of their high performance in Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays (AMLCD's) and Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode (AMOLED) applications. The purpose of this work is to simulate the impact of varying the electrical and physical parameters (the interface states, active layer's thickness and BBT model) in the transfer characteristics of poly-Si TFT to extract the electrical parameters like the threshold voltage, the mobility and to evaluate the device performance. The device was simulated using ATLAS software from Silvaco, the results show that the electrical and physical parameters of poly-Si TFT affect significantly its transfer characteristics, choosing suitable parameters improve high-performance transistor. Such results make the designed structure a promising element for large-scale electronics applications.
{"title":"TCAD Simulation of the Electrical Characteristics of Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Transistor","authors":"H. Tayoub, Baya Zebentouta, Z. Benamara","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.89.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.89.93","url":null,"abstract":"Low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) have been studied because of their high performance in Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays (AMLCD's) and Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode (AMOLED) applications. The purpose of this work is to simulate the impact of varying the electrical and physical parameters (the interface states, active layer's thickness and BBT model) in the transfer characteristics of poly-Si TFT to extract the electrical parameters like the threshold voltage, the mobility and to evaluate the device performance. The device was simulated using ATLAS software from Silvaco, the results show that the electrical and physical parameters of poly-Si TFT affect significantly its transfer characteristics, choosing suitable parameters improve high-performance transistor. Such results make the designed structure a promising element for large-scale electronics applications.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"52 1","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85770161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.86.92
F. Hussain, F. Ikram
To assess total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents (TPC, TFC), DPPH scavenging and antidiabetic (antiglycation and alpha amylase hindrance) activities of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves, bio- assay guided fractionation was used with thin layer chromatography profile to isolate saponin fraction (SF). The TPC and TFC were 9.7-12.8 GAE and 5.3-9.3 CE (g/100 g dry weight), respectively and aqueous and methanol fractions were more effective. DPPH scavenging activity ranged 69.5-83.1%. SF displayed noteworthy antioxidant ability (p 0.198), nullifying its concentration dependent impact.
为了评价辣木(MO)叶片的总酚含量、总黄酮含量(TPC、TFC)、DPPH清除和抗糖尿病(抗糖化和α -淀粉酶抑制)活性，采用薄层色谱法分离了辣木(MO)叶片的皂苷部分(SF)。TPC和TFC分别为9.7-12.8 GAE和5.3-9.3 CE (g/100 g干重)，其中水馏分和甲醇馏分效果更好。DPPH清除活性为69.5-83.1%。SF表现出显著的抗氧化能力(p 0.198)，抵消了其浓度依赖性的影响。
{"title":"Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potential of Saponin Fraction Isolated from Moringa oleifera Leaves","authors":"F. Hussain, F. Ikram","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.86.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.86.92","url":null,"abstract":"To assess total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents (TPC, TFC), DPPH scavenging and antidiabetic (antiglycation and alpha amylase hindrance) activities of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves, bio- assay guided fractionation was used with thin layer chromatography profile to isolate saponin fraction (SF). The TPC and TFC were 9.7-12.8 GAE and 5.3-9.3 CE (g/100 g dry weight), respectively and aqueous and methanol fractions were more effective. DPPH scavenging activity ranged 69.5-83.1%. SF displayed noteworthy antioxidant ability (p 0.198), nullifying its concentration dependent impact.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"19 1","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84220937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.79.88
M. S. Qureshi, S. Nisar, R. Shah, H. Salman
Plastics are the dominant part of waste. Recycling is a major challenge beside avoiding of plastic consumption. Development of economic catalysts is a crucial factor to provide cost effective recycling of plastics into fuels. The primary objective of this research is to use pure metallic nanoparticles and modified south Asian clay. These composite catalysts were investigated for the effectiveness and degradation of polymers into liquid fuels and compared their activity with commercially available catalytic material. A series of reactions were conducted in a 25 cm3 autoclave reactor under different conditions such as temperature, catalyst load, addition of active metals, and with nickel nanoparticles. The products distribution for the pyrolysis reactions were determined and compared with commercial kerosene, gasoline and diesel. Clay catalyst gave good liquid yield at 350 °C for low-density polyethylene and post-consumer poly-bags. 10% impregnation of nickel on natural clay gave maximum liquid yield 79.23% for LDPE, while for poly- bags it reached up to 76.01%. The amount of liquid yield was found to increase to 12% and 18.6% for LDPE and poly-bags, respectively on the impregnation of nickel on clay compared to neat clay. It could be demonstrated as well that nickel nanoparticles and molybdenum impregnation on clay give a good yield on liquid fuel. The final products are in the range of gasoline, kerosene and diesel.
{"title":"Studies of Liquid Fuel Formation from Plastic Waste by Catalytic Cracking Over Modified Natural Clay and Nickel Nanoparticles","authors":"M. S. Qureshi, S. Nisar, R. Shah, H. Salman","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.79.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.PHYS.SCI.63.2.2020.79.88","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics are the dominant part of waste. Recycling is a major challenge beside avoiding of plastic consumption. Development of economic catalysts is a crucial factor to provide cost effective recycling of plastics into fuels. The primary objective of this research is to use pure metallic nanoparticles and modified south Asian clay. These composite catalysts were investigated for the effectiveness and degradation of polymers into liquid fuels and compared their activity with commercially available catalytic material. A series of reactions were conducted in a 25 cm3 autoclave reactor under different conditions such as temperature, catalyst load, addition of active metals, and with nickel nanoparticles. The products distribution for the pyrolysis reactions were determined and compared with commercial kerosene, gasoline and diesel. Clay catalyst gave good liquid yield at 350 °C for low-density polyethylene and post-consumer poly-bags. 10% impregnation of nickel on natural clay gave maximum liquid yield 79.23% for LDPE, while for poly- bags it reached up to 76.01%. The amount of liquid yield was found to increase to 12% and 18.6% for LDPE and poly-bags, respectively on the impregnation of nickel on clay compared to neat clay. It could be demonstrated as well that nickel nanoparticles and molybdenum impregnation on clay give a good yield on liquid fuel. The final products are in the range of gasoline, kerosene and diesel.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"42 1","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74270774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-15DOI: 10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.113.118
Y. Bakri, S. El-Khouri, M. Harba, Y. Akeed
Industrial important enzymes have traditionally been obtained by using submerged fermentation technology. Many organisms are able to produce these enzymes, but only a few of them exhibit satisfactory characteristics for industrial application. The ability of bacterial strains from the genus Bacillus to secrete large amounts of extracellular a-amylase has made them well suited for commercial production. Amylase production using Bacillus subtilis SY134D strain was conducted in flasks and bioreactor. In flasks, our results showed that soybean cake, beet pomace and tomato pomace were the best carbon source used in submerged fermentation (SmF) after 72 h of incubation. In bioreactor, the rates of air flow and agitation speed are important factors that affect oxygen transfer rate which influence on product formation. When the aeration rate was increased from 0.25 to 0.75 vvm, amylase production increased at the speed of agitation 100 and 200 rpm. The best enzyme yield 127 IU/mL was obtained at 0.25 vvm an aeration rate and 300 rpm agitation speed in a 3L Electro-lab bio-reactor.
{"title":"Amylase Production by Bacillus subtilis SY134D Strain Under Submerged Fermentation","authors":"Y. Bakri, S. El-Khouri, M. Harba, Y. Akeed","doi":"10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.113.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52763/PJSIR.BIOL.SCI.63.2.2020.113.118","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial important enzymes have traditionally been obtained by using submerged fermentation technology. Many organisms are able to produce these enzymes, but only a few of them exhibit satisfactory characteristics for industrial application. The ability of bacterial strains from the genus Bacillus to secrete large amounts of extracellular a-amylase has made them well suited for commercial production. Amylase production using Bacillus subtilis SY134D strain was conducted in flasks and bioreactor. In flasks, our results showed that soybean cake, beet pomace and tomato pomace were the best carbon source used in submerged fermentation (SmF) after 72 h of incubation. In bioreactor, the rates of air flow and agitation speed are important factors that affect oxygen transfer rate which influence on product formation. When the aeration rate was increased from 0.25 to 0.75 vvm, amylase production increased at the speed of agitation 100 and 200 rpm. The best enzyme yield 127 IU/mL was obtained at 0.25 vvm an aeration rate and 300 rpm agitation speed in a 3L Electro-lab bio-reactor.","PeriodicalId":19784,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research","volume":"67 1","pages":"113-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78303221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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