A pot experiment was carried out to check the impact of different organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of turnip, at Horticulture Departmental experimental area, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, during 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in RCD with seven treatments replicated three times. Treatments contained control (no fertilizer added), FYM @ 25 t/hec, Poultry manure @ 10 t/hec, Goat manure @ 15 t/hec, Press mud @ 20 t/hec, Sewage sludge @ 20 t/hec and NPK @ 120-65-100 kg/hec. Data on leaves per plant, leaf length (cm), fresh leaf weight per plant (g), dry leaf weight per plant (g), root length (cm), root diameter (cm), fresh root weight per plant (g), dry root weight per plant (g), total biomass per plant (g), root yield per pot (g) and root yield (ton per ha) was recorded and analyzed statistically. The results revealed that all growth and yield parameters were significantly enhanced by the application of organic manures and NPK. Maximum values were recorded in NPK treated plants, as compared to all the treatments under studied, by producing 13.22 leaves per plant, 29.90 cm long leaf, fresh leaf weight per plant (52.83 g), dry leaf weight per plant (11.15 g), root length (7.07 cm), root diameter (7.23 cm), fresh root weight per plant (241.20 g), dry root weight per plant (22.25 g), total biomass per plant (313.37 g), root yield per pot (382.40 g) and 382.40 root yield (382.40 ton per hectare). It was also confirmed that poultry manure exhibited superiority as compared to other organic manures
{"title":"IMPACT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC MANURES AND NPK APPLICATION ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF TURNIP (BRASSICA RAPA L)","authors":"M. Kiran","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v69i2.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v69i2.357","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000A pot experiment was carried out to check the impact of different organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of turnip, at Horticulture Departmental experimental area, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, during 2012-13. The experiment was laid out in RCD with seven treatments replicated three times. Treatments contained control (no fertilizer added), FYM @ 25 t/hec, Poultry manure @ 10 t/hec, Goat manure @ 15 t/hec, Press mud @ 20 t/hec, Sewage sludge @ 20 t/hec and NPK @ 120-65-100 kg/hec. Data on leaves per plant, leaf length (cm), fresh leaf weight per plant (g), dry leaf weight per plant (g), root length (cm), root diameter (cm), fresh root weight per plant (g), dry root weight per plant (g), total biomass per plant (g), root yield per pot (g) and root yield (ton per ha) was recorded and analyzed statistically. The results revealed that all growth and yield parameters were significantly enhanced by the application of organic manures and NPK. Maximum values were recorded in NPK treated plants, as compared to all the treatments under studied, by producing 13.22 leaves per plant, 29.90 cm long leaf, fresh leaf weight per plant (52.83 g), dry leaf weight per plant (11.15 g), root length (7.07 cm), root diameter (7.23 cm), fresh root weight per plant (241.20 g), dry root weight per plant (22.25 g), total biomass per plant (313.37 g), root yield per pot (382.40 g) and 382.40 root yield (382.40 ton per hectare). It was also confirmed that poultry manure exhibited superiority as compared to other organic manures \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79831119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intraperitoneal injection of alloxanmonohydrate (200mg/kg)was used to inducediabetes in mice, with blood glucose levels(fasting) morethan 150mg/dl. Sixty nine mice were dividedinto 4 groups, Group I was non diabetic (normal). Group II was diabetic, Group III was the diabeticand treated with Cinnamomumtamala and group IV was diabetic and Aloe vera treated. There was noincrease in the blood glucoseat random and fasting in group Iwhereas, group II showed an increase inblood sugar level (91.00±2.65mg/dl to 250.00±3.79mg/dl) post 21 days. Cinnamomumtamala(50mg/kg) and Aloe vera (400mg/kg) appeared effective in reducing the blood sugar levels after 21days treatment. There was an increase in intake of feed and drop in body weight of group II comparedto group I. Cinnamomumtamala (50mg/kg) and Aloe vera (400mg/kg) was found effective regardingdecrease in feed intake. Increase in weight of mice occurred treated with Cinnamomumtamala(50mg/kg) and Aloe vera (400mg/kg)as compared to diabetic mice. Cinnamomumtamala and Aloevera were potentially efficient to treat hyperglycemia at recommended oral doses of 50 mg/kg and400mg/kg of body weight respectively.
{"title":"EFFECT OF ALOE VERA AND CINNAMOMUM TAMALA ON BODY WEIGHT AND FEED INTAKE OF INDUCED DIABETIC MICE","authors":"Ssibukhari","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v68i4.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v68i4.217","url":null,"abstract":"Intraperitoneal injection of alloxanmonohydrate (200mg/kg)was used to inducediabetes in mice, with blood glucose levels(fasting) morethan 150mg/dl. Sixty nine mice were dividedinto 4 groups, Group I was non diabetic (normal). Group II was diabetic, Group III was the diabeticand treated with Cinnamomumtamala and group IV was diabetic and Aloe vera treated. There was noincrease in the blood glucoseat random and fasting in group Iwhereas, group II showed an increase inblood sugar level (91.00±2.65mg/dl to 250.00±3.79mg/dl) post 21 days. Cinnamomumtamala(50mg/kg) and Aloe vera (400mg/kg) appeared effective in reducing the blood sugar levels after 21days treatment. There was an increase in intake of feed and drop in body weight of group II comparedto group I. Cinnamomumtamala (50mg/kg) and Aloe vera (400mg/kg) was found effective regardingdecrease in feed intake. Increase in weight of mice occurred treated with Cinnamomumtamala(50mg/kg) and Aloe vera (400mg/kg)as compared to diabetic mice. Cinnamomumtamala and Aloevera were potentially efficient to treat hyperglycemia at recommended oral doses of 50 mg/kg and400mg/kg of body weight respectively.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79747866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was made to determine the effects of herd, year, season, lactation number and sex on calf’s birth weight in Nili Ravi Buffalo. The data from 1975-2017 was taken in 15525 edited observations of 6932 buffaloes from six institutional herds. The year was divided into four seasons viz (December to February, March to May, June to August and September to November) to evaluate the real effects of herd x year and season. To analyze the data SPSS version 19, statistical package was used. The mean ± S.E of birth weight was calculated as 35.18±.018Kg. The mean of birth weight of male and female calf were as 35.82 ± 0.19Kg and 34.53 ± 0.18Kg, affected by herd-yearseason, sex and lactation number (P<0.01) while the effect of gestation period and age of dam wasnon-significant. The sex ratio between male and female was 51.25 and 48.74 respectively. It was observed that calf’s birth weight had significant effect on milk production.
本研究旨在确定牛群、年份、季节、泌乳次数和性别对尼利拉维水牛犊牛初生体重的影响。1975年至2017年的数据来自对6个机构畜群的6932头水牛的15525次编辑观察。将一年分为12月至2月、3月至5月、6月至8月和9月至11月四个季节，以评估牧群在不同年份和季节的实际效果。数据分析采用SPSS version 19统计软件包。出生体重的平均值±S.E为35.18±0.018 kg。公、母犊平均初生重分别为35.82±0.19Kg和34.53±0.18Kg，受畜群年、性别和泌乳次数的影响(P<0.01)，而受妊娠期和母犊年龄的影响不显著。男女性别比分别为51.25和48.74。犊牛初生体重对产奶量有显著影响。
{"title":"FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BIRTH WEIGHT OF CALVES IN NILI RAVI BUFFALOES AT BRI PATTOKI, PUNJAB","authors":"Tmahmood","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v74i1.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v74i1.211","url":null,"abstract":"This study was made to determine the effects of herd, year, season, lactation number and sex on calf’s birth weight in Nili Ravi Buffalo. The data from 1975-2017 was taken in 15525 edited observations of 6932 buffaloes from six institutional herds. The year was divided into four seasons viz (December to February, March to May, June to August and September to November) to evaluate the real effects of herd x year and season. To analyze the data SPSS version 19, statistical package was used. The mean ± S.E of birth weight was calculated as 35.18±.018Kg. The mean of birth weight of male and female calf were as 35.82 ± 0.19Kg and 34.53 ± 0.18Kg, affected by herd-yearseason, sex and lactation number (P<0.01) while the effect of gestation period and age of dam wasnon-significant. The sex ratio between male and female was 51.25 and 48.74 respectively. It was observed that calf’s birth weight had significant effect on milk production.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78276587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research investigates interrelationship between landscape evolution and neotectonics in the Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) region based on surface roughness (SR). We analyzed the topographic surface features such as flat area, surface area and surface ratio using Shuttle RadarTopographic Mission-Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) with a spatial resolution of 90 meters. The objective is to make a SR map and to identify areas influenced by neotectonics. The DEM based spatial distribution of slope gradients and slope orientations along with the aspect map were combined to portray the vertical dissection. Lower values of vertical dissection indicate relatively flat topographic basins which generally mean a region of with intermediate slope gradient and slope orientation. Areas with high vertical dissection values correspond to sharp changes in the slope gradients and slope orientations, which could be due to abrupt scrap edges (possibly neotectonic or lithological control). Higher vertical dissection values in GB are wide spread and are oriented SE- NW in Ghanche, Skardu, Hunza, Gilgit and northern Ghizer districts along Karakorum, South Pamirs and Hindu-Kush ranges. While a few higher roughness values are aligned NE- SW in Diamir and Gilgit districts along the Raikot Fault. The surface roughness map is capable of identifying deeply incised valleys, tectonic uplifts and depressions.
基于地表粗糙度(SR)研究了吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦(GB)地区景观演化与新构造的相互关系。利用空间分辨率为90 m的SRTM DEM (Shuttle RadarTopographic Mission-Digital Elevation Model)分析了平坦面积、比表面积和比表面积等地形表面特征。目的是绘制SR图，确定受新构造影响的地区。将基于DEM的坡度和坡向空间分布与坡向图相结合来描绘垂直解剖。垂向解剖值较低表明地形盆地相对平坦，一般为坡度和坡向中等的区域。垂直解剖值高的地区对应于斜坡梯度和斜坡方向的急剧变化，这可能是由于突然的碎屑边缘(可能是新构造或岩性控制)。在喀喇昆仑山脉、南帕米尔高原和兴都库什山脉沿线的Ghanche、Skardu、Hunza、Gilgit和Ghizer北部地区，高垂直解剖值分布广泛，呈SE- NW取向。而在迪亚米尔和吉尔吉特地区沿莱科特断层的东北-西南方向有一些较高的粗糙度值。地表粗糙度图能够识别深切谷、构造隆升和构造坳陷。
{"title":"DEM BASED COMPUTATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC SURFACE ROUGHNESS TO REVEAL INCISION IN GILGIT-BALTISTAN,PAKISTAN","authors":"None S.R. Ahmad","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v65i1.726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v65i1.726","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates interrelationship between landscape evolution and neotectonics in the Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) region based on surface roughness (SR). We analyzed the topographic surface features such as flat area, surface area and surface ratio using Shuttle RadarTopographic Mission-Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) with a spatial resolution of 90 meters. The objective is to make a SR map and to identify areas influenced by neotectonics. The DEM based spatial distribution of slope gradients and slope orientations along with the aspect map were combined to portray the vertical dissection. Lower values of vertical dissection indicate relatively flat topographic basins which generally mean a region of with intermediate slope gradient and slope orientation. Areas with high vertical dissection values correspond to sharp changes in the slope gradients and slope orientations, which could be due to abrupt scrap edges (possibly neotectonic or lithological control). Higher vertical dissection values in GB are wide spread and are oriented SE- NW in Ghanche, Skardu, Hunza, Gilgit and northern Ghizer districts along Karakorum, South Pamirs and Hindu-Kush ranges. While a few higher roughness values are aligned NE- SW in Diamir and Gilgit districts along the Raikot Fault. The surface roughness map is capable of identifying deeply incised valleys, tectonic uplifts and depressions.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was designed to evaluate the supplementation of various concentrations of selenium and vitamin E and combinations in lactose egg-yolk-glycerol based extender on cryosurvival of buffalo bull semen. The semen of four healthy donor bulls and ejaculates (n= 80) were processed and pooled. The collected semen was extended with the experimental extenders and then frozen. The frozen straws of semen were thawed and analyzed for motility, viability, acrosomal integrity and functional integrity of sperm. The study indicated that combined use of selenium and vitamin E @ 2μg/ml + 0.75 mg/ml supplemented in extender had significantly (P<0.05) increased sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity and functional membrane integrity. Selenium (2μg/ml) in freezing extender also improved semen cryosurvival. The provision of selenium (3μg/ml) alone and in combination with Vitamin E (1 mg/ml) did not provide any beneficial impact on sperm cryosurvival. It was concluded that addition of selenium and vitamin E alone in fructose lactose egg yolk glycerol extender increased the cryosurvival of buffalo sperms.
{"title":"ROLE OF SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E IN LACTOSE BASED EXTENDER ON SEMEN CRYOPRESERVATION OF BUFFALO BULL (BUBALUS BUBALIS)","authors":"M. Ali","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v69i2.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v69i2.368","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000This study was designed to evaluate the supplementation of various concentrations of selenium and vitamin E and combinations in lactose egg-yolk-glycerol based extender on cryosurvival of buffalo bull semen. The semen of four healthy donor bulls and ejaculates (n= 80) were processed and pooled. The collected semen was extended with the experimental extenders and then frozen. The frozen straws of semen were thawed and analyzed for motility, viability, acrosomal integrity and functional integrity of sperm. The study indicated that combined use of selenium and vitamin E @ 2μg/ml + 0.75 mg/ml supplemented in extender had significantly (P<0.05) increased sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity and functional membrane integrity. Selenium (2μg/ml) in freezing extender also improved semen cryosurvival. The provision of selenium (3μg/ml) alone and in combination with Vitamin E (1 mg/ml) did not provide any beneficial impact on sperm cryosurvival. It was concluded that addition of selenium and vitamin E alone in fructose lactose egg yolk glycerol extender increased the cryosurvival of buffalo sperms. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80505532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cement industry plays a fundamental role in the economic growth of a country for both developed and under developed countries. However, it is posing a great threat to the environment. This study aimed to investigate key environmental risks associated with the cement industry. The environmental assessment was conducted for eight cement industries situated in the Salt Range area, Pakistan. Ambient air monitoring was carried out according to the USEPA prescribed merthods. Stack emissions were tested for 24 hours and the annual averages for TSP, COx, NOx, and SOx were estimated. The noise was also monitored across the study area. The results showed that airpollution is mainly caused by PM2.5, PM10, & TSP. Stack emissions exceeded Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQS) for CO and Cl2. Noise pollution exceeded in day and night at 12 and 20locations respectively. The above-mentioned low environmental quality due to cement industries may intensify acute human diseases in the Salt Range area.
{"title":"GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS FOR DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES OF CEMENT INDUSTRIES IN SALT RANGE AREA","authors":"S.R. Ahmad","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v74i1.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v74i1.219","url":null,"abstract":"The cement industry plays a fundamental role in the economic growth of a country for both developed and under developed countries. However, it is posing a great threat to the environment. This study aimed to investigate key environmental risks associated with the cement industry. The environmental assessment was conducted for eight cement industries situated in the Salt Range area, Pakistan. Ambient air monitoring was carried out according to the USEPA prescribed merthods. Stack emissions were tested for 24 hours and the annual averages for TSP, COx, NOx, and SOx were estimated. The noise was also monitored across the study area. The results showed that airpollution is mainly caused by PM2.5, PM10, & TSP. Stack emissions exceeded Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQS) for CO and Cl2. Noise pollution exceeded in day and night at 12 and 20locations respectively. The above-mentioned low environmental quality due to cement industries may intensify acute human diseases in the Salt Range area.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80672447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water is one of the most important and vital substance on earth. Without water, there would be no life on this planet (earth). Around 20% of the human population planet has access to quality drinking water. Pakistan is listed 6 th highly populated country on the earth having about 207.81 million individuals. Punjab is the most populated province of Pakistan with 110 million people. Contamination of drinking water is the most burning issue of the country. Industrialization, increase in population, intermixing of sewer in pipelines of drinking water and improper utilization of water compromise the quality and decrease the quantity of water. The physical, chemical and biological parameters of water have great detrimental effects on health. Water borne diseases in Pakistan are typhoid, diarrhea, cholera etc. The impact of poor sanitation and hygiene also have adverse effect on tourism, thereby affecting the economy of the country. Government Departments and Agencies are actively working through different interventions like chlorination to ensure facility of clean and quality drinking water to people. Chlorination is a process which is adopted to inactivate pathogens in water. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) and Punjab Food Authority (PFA) conduct sampling and testing of the bottled water companies on periodical basis. Government of Punjab has established Aab-e-Pak Authority under Punjab Aab-e-Pak Act, 2019 for the provision of clean, safe and quality drinking water. Punjab Water Act, 2019, a comprehensive law on the subject has been passed but not implemented. Pakistan is also facing water insufficiency, water quality deterioration and demolition of freshwater resources. The world best practices regarding clean drinking water have also been analyzed. Keeping this in view, the short term, medium term and long term plans have been devised for the provision of clean and quality drinking water and improved sanitation facilities to the masses.
{"title":"CLEAN DRINKING WATER AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE","authors":"S. Ali","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v74i1.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v74i1.140","url":null,"abstract":"Water is one of the most important and vital substance on earth. Without water, there would be no life on this planet (earth). Around 20% of the human population planet has access to quality drinking water. Pakistan is listed 6 th highly populated country on the earth having about 207.81 million individuals. Punjab is the most populated province of Pakistan with 110 million people. Contamination of drinking water is the most burning issue of the country. Industrialization, increase in population, intermixing of sewer in pipelines of drinking water and improper utilization of water compromise the quality and decrease the quantity of water. The physical, chemical and biological parameters of water have great detrimental effects on health. Water borne diseases in Pakistan are typhoid, diarrhea, cholera etc. The impact of poor sanitation and hygiene also have adverse effect on tourism, thereby affecting the economy of the country. Government Departments and Agencies are actively working through different interventions like chlorination to ensure facility of clean and quality drinking water to people. Chlorination is a process which is adopted to inactivate pathogens in water. Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR) and Punjab Food Authority (PFA) conduct sampling and testing of the bottled water companies on periodical basis. Government of Punjab has established Aab-e-Pak Authority under Punjab Aab-e-Pak Act, 2019 for the provision of clean, safe and quality drinking water. Punjab Water Act, 2019, a comprehensive law on the subject has been passed but not implemented. Pakistan is also facing water insufficiency, water quality deterioration and demolition of freshwater resources. The world best practices regarding clean drinking water have also been analyzed. Keeping this in view, the short term, medium term and long term plans have been devised for the provision of clean and quality drinking water and improved sanitation facilities to the masses.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72938908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The environmental scenario of City of Gardens is quite haze due to the presence of relentless perils. High density livings; due to break down of community and mass exodus of villagers from rural hinterland to urban centres, rural urban inequalities, presence of industry, increased car ownership trend and commercial activity at core of city are driving forces behind environmental degradation in metropolitan area of Lahore. These forces put lives of urbanites at risk and resultantly 1250 people are dying annually because of air pollution in the city of Lahore. Intolerable congestion, squatter development, growth of motorized vehicles and process of reconstruction to accommodate more and more commercial activity are common consequences of urban densification in Lahore. Sustainable solution of situation cannot be achieved without identification and address of foremost cause of environmental degradation. In this connection null hypotheses are made and testified. The paper highlights methodology of quantifying environmental degradation and to probe into its tended relations with other parameters. Based on the results different measures to reduce environmental degradation are recommended.
{"title":"ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN NEW PARADIGM TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (A CASE STUDY OF LAHORE)","authors":"A. Aziz, I. Ahmad, S. M. Mayo, A. Rahman","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v65i2.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v65i2.555","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental scenario of City of Gardens is quite haze due to the presence of relentless perils. High density livings; due to break down of community and mass exodus of villagers from rural hinterland to urban centres, rural urban inequalities, presence of industry, increased car ownership trend and commercial activity at core of city are driving forces behind environmental degradation in metropolitan area of Lahore. These forces put lives of urbanites at risk and resultantly 1250 people are dying annually because of air pollution in the city of Lahore. Intolerable congestion, squatter development, growth of motorized vehicles and process of reconstruction to accommodate more and more commercial activity are common consequences of urban densification in Lahore. Sustainable solution of situation cannot be achieved without identification and address of foremost cause of environmental degradation. In this connection null hypotheses are made and testified. The paper highlights methodology of quantifying environmental degradation and to probe into its tended relations with other parameters. Based on the results different measures to reduce environmental degradation are recommended.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85225508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hand gesture segmentation for identification and prediction analysis has been aprevalent topic in the community of the researchers working in the field of image processing andcomputer vision. Hand gestures were used by humans to signify various expressions, moods andactions. The advent of intelligent devices has made hand gesture recognition even more interesting.Many researchers have worked on intelligent interfaces that use hand gestures for its operations.Various state of art techniques used for hand gesture recognition has been critically analyzed. Amethod using Hahn moments and neural networks has been proposed. A subsequent comparative studyhas been drawn in terms of performance of the proposed and other competitive techniques. It wasobserved that the proposed technique was quite accurate and efficient.
{"title":"AN APPRAISAL OF AUTOMATED HAND GESTURE RECOGNITION TECHNIQUES","authors":"M. Jamil","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v68i4.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v68i4.193","url":null,"abstract":"Hand gesture segmentation for identification and prediction analysis has been aprevalent topic in the community of the researchers working in the field of image processing andcomputer vision. Hand gestures were used by humans to signify various expressions, moods andactions. The advent of intelligent devices has made hand gesture recognition even more interesting.Many researchers have worked on intelligent interfaces that use hand gestures for its operations.Various state of art techniques used for hand gesture recognition has been critically analyzed. Amethod using Hahn moments and neural networks has been proposed. A subsequent comparative studyhas been drawn in terms of performance of the proposed and other competitive techniques. It wasobserved that the proposed technique was quite accurate and efficient.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90277098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heavy metal tolerant bacterial species were isolated from the textile effluents collected from Faisalabad, Pakistan. Thirty samples were subjected to heavy metal analysis. Nickel and Cobalt were selected for further study on the basis of their predominant concentration in all samples. Thirteen samples were screened out as positive for Ni tolerant bacteria and 03 of them had typical characteristics which tolerated Ni up to 08 mM. These species were identified as AMIC1 (Klebsiella spp.), AMIC2 (Bacillus spp.) and AMIC3 (Bacillus spp.). These indigenous strains exhibited pronounced tolerance to Ni and Co and showed multi metal resistance (MMR) potential. Bacteria isolated from sample SarDP2 were able to tolerate Co up to 06mM and exhibited MMR to Ni, Co and Cr (1:1:1) up to 5.5mM. Isolates from RgrDP3 were able to tolerate Co up to 07mM and showed MMR to Ni, Co and Cr (1:1:1) up to 4.5mM. Similarly, isolates from SarDP5 were able to tolerate Co up to 6.5mM and exhibited MMR to Ni, Co and Cr (1:1:1) up to 4.5mM. It was concluded that these species had significant heavy metal tolerance potential and may be used for the development of effective bioremediation agents to detoxify textile effluents at industrial surroundings within natural environments.
{"title":"PHYSIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND HEAVY METAL TOLERANCE POTENTIAL OF BACTERIA FROM TEXTILE EFFLUENTS","authors":"A.M. Afzal","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v69i3.572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v69i3.572","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Heavy metal tolerant bacterial species were isolated from the textile effluents collected from Faisalabad, Pakistan. Thirty samples were subjected to heavy metal analysis. Nickel and Cobalt were selected for further study on the basis of their predominant concentration in all samples. Thirteen samples were screened out as positive for Ni tolerant bacteria and 03 of them had typical characteristics which tolerated Ni up to 08 mM. These species were identified as AMIC1 (Klebsiella spp.), AMIC2 (Bacillus spp.) and AMIC3 (Bacillus spp.). These indigenous strains exhibited pronounced tolerance to Ni and Co and showed multi metal resistance (MMR) potential. Bacteria isolated from sample SarDP2 were able to tolerate Co up to 06mM and exhibited MMR to Ni, Co and Cr (1:1:1) up to 5.5mM. Isolates from RgrDP3 were able to tolerate Co up to 07mM and showed MMR to Ni, Co and Cr (1:1:1) up to 4.5mM. Similarly, isolates from SarDP5 were able to tolerate Co up to 6.5mM and exhibited MMR to Ni, Co and Cr (1:1:1) up to 4.5mM. It was concluded that these species had significant heavy metal tolerance potential and may be used for the development of effective bioremediation agents to detoxify textile effluents at industrial surroundings within natural environments. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74660661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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