Hexavalent chromium is a toxic heavy metal and carcinogen. The purpose of present study was to analyze Cr(VI) resistant bacterial strain S7 in combination with Cholera for observing the mutualistic relationship for remediation processes. By 16S rRNA sequencing technique, the strain S7 was identified to be Pseudomonas species (KR095629). It was able to tolerate Cr(VI) stress up to 600μg/mL and showed an optimum Cr(VI) reduction of 100μg/mL. Sodium alginate (2%) was used for immobilization of S7 and Chlorella. Chromium (VI) removal by immobilized cells of S7 and Chlorella was 4.5mg/g and 6.20mg/g, with reduction potential of 58% and 60%, respectively. A direct relation between Cr(VI) concentration and root length of Chlorella was observed. Maximum root length was observed for Chlorella and S7 i.e. 1.9cm at 500μg/ml Cr(VI) concentration. The presence of several absorption peaks in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the biomass indicated its complex nature. This technique revealed the involvement of hydroxyl group, N-H and C- O group. The Cr(VI) was effectively removed by bacterial strain when used with Chlorella.
{"title":"BIOREMEDIATION OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM BY FREE AND IMMOBILIZED BIOMASS OF CHLORELLA AND PSEUDOMONAS","authors":"S. Akram","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v69i3.533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v69i3.533","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Hexavalent chromium is a toxic heavy metal and carcinogen. The purpose of present study was to analyze Cr(VI) resistant bacterial strain S7 in combination with Cholera for observing the mutualistic relationship for remediation processes. By 16S rRNA sequencing technique, the strain S7 was identified to be Pseudomonas species (KR095629). It was able to tolerate Cr(VI) stress up to 600μg/mL and showed an optimum Cr(VI) reduction of 100μg/mL. Sodium alginate (2%) was used for immobilization of S7 and Chlorella. Chromium (VI) removal by immobilized cells of S7 and Chlorella was 4.5mg/g and 6.20mg/g, with reduction potential of 58% and 60%, respectively. A direct relation between Cr(VI) concentration and root length of Chlorella was observed. Maximum root length was observed for Chlorella and S7 i.e. 1.9cm at 500μg/ml Cr(VI) concentration. The presence of several absorption peaks in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the biomass indicated its complex nature. This technique revealed the involvement of hydroxyl group, N-H and C- O group. The Cr(VI) was effectively removed by bacterial strain when used with Chlorella. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81980722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis was determined in milk samples collected from goats of different breeds from district Jhelum. Surf field mastitis test and White side test were used for screening. Out of 500 animals tested, 14.2% animals were found positive for sub-clinical mastitis. Out of the positive samples, 12.2% were having infection in single, while, 2.0% were having infection in both halves of the udder. Beetle breed was infected at the highest rate i.e. 22.54% following desi breed i.e. 10.40% and teddy breed i.e. 8.80%, respectively. Prevalence of mastitis increased with increase in number of parity i.e. 8.5% up to 2nd parity and 19.76% up to 3rd parity. Bacteriological profile showed that Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen i.e. 51.43% isolated. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that most of the isolated bacteria i.e. 93.20% were sensitive to Gentamicin.
{"title":"PREVALENCE, BACTERIOLOGY AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PROFILE OF SUB- CLINICAL MASTITIS IN GOATS IN DISTRICT JHELUM.","authors":"Mhussain","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v69i3.574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v69i3.574","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000In this study the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis was determined in milk samples collected from goats of different breeds from district Jhelum. Surf field mastitis test and White side test were used for screening. Out of 500 animals tested, 14.2% animals were found positive for sub-clinical mastitis. Out of the positive samples, 12.2% were having infection in single, while, 2.0% were having infection in both halves of the udder. Beetle breed was infected at the highest rate i.e. 22.54% following desi breed i.e. 10.40% and teddy breed i.e. 8.80%, respectively. Prevalence of mastitis increased with increase in number of parity i.e. 8.5% up to 2nd parity and 19.76% up to 3rd parity. Bacteriological profile showed that Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen i.e. 51.43% isolated. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that most of the isolated bacteria i.e. 93.20% were sensitive to Gentamicin. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"220 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88666621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The expectation in term of meat quality characters has been increased due to consumer demand in the last few years. The quality of meat and meat products have a major concern and can never be compromised in any situation. Sensory qualities such as appearance, texture, juiciness, wateriness, firmness, tenderness, odor and flavor are the main factors, which influence the final meat purchasing decision of the consumer. It is well known that the darker color of thigh meat is due to the higher volume of myoglobin and haem pigments, as well as a higher pH when compared to breast meat. Killing older birds increases myoglobin amount in the meat and selection of breeds for higher breast meat production may be involved. Consuming a wheat-based diet tends to reduce the color of breast meat but has less effect on the thigh meat. After killing, biochemical variations, initiating the conversion of muscle to meat, regulate final meat quality. Heritability estimates for meat quality attributes in broilers are surprisingly high making genetic selection a best way for upgrading of broiler meat quality. However, the utilization of advanced new technologies, development of efficient and new processing methods will help to improve the chicken meat quality.
{"title":"PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL FACTORS AFFECTING CHICKEN MEAT COLOR","authors":"A. Qamar","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v71i2.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v71i2.268","url":null,"abstract":"The expectation in term of meat quality characters has been increased due to consumer demand in the last few years. The quality of meat and meat products have a major concern and can never be compromised in any situation. Sensory qualities such as appearance, texture, juiciness, wateriness, firmness, tenderness, odor and flavor are the main factors, which influence the final meat purchasing decision of the consumer. It is well known that the darker color of thigh meat is due to the higher volume of myoglobin and haem pigments, as well as a higher pH when compared to breast meat. Killing older birds increases myoglobin amount in the meat and selection of breeds for higher breast meat production may be involved. Consuming a wheat-based diet tends to reduce the color of breast meat but has less effect on the thigh meat. After killing, biochemical variations, initiating the conversion of muscle to meat, regulate final meat quality. Heritability estimates for meat quality attributes in broilers are surprisingly high making genetic selection a best way for upgrading of broiler meat quality. However, the utilization of advanced new technologies, development of efficient and new processing methods will help to improve the chicken meat quality.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87702030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quinoa herb belongs to the family of Chenopodiaceae in which spinach and beet also originate. It is South America local herb, and Chenopodium has 250 different kinds all over the world. Quinoa is a pseudo-cereal with high phytochemical substances verified biological and nutritional significance. Quinoa is consumed and used as daily essential food throughout the world due to its higher amount of protein in relation to general cereals. Quinoa contains ascorbic acid, vitamin E tocopherols and B complex vitamins niacin, folic acid, thiamine. Minerals (calcium, potassium, iron, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus), it also contains isoflavones and the best type of triglyceride. A functional perspective of quinoa plant is of great importance as are being used in the treatment and prevention of different health problems. The study will elaborate physiochemical, rheological and functional properties of quinoa. Bread will be prepared from quinoa and its textural, sensory attributes and chemical composition will be determined by standard method and the result obtained from the recent study will be analyzed according to standard procedure
{"title":"QUINOA IS BENEFICIAL TO THE COMPREHENSIVE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF POTENTIAL HEALTH","authors":"S.G. Mohyuddin","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v71i2.272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v71i2.272","url":null,"abstract":"The quinoa herb belongs to the family of Chenopodiaceae in which spinach and beet also originate. It is South America local herb, and Chenopodium has 250 different kinds all over the world. Quinoa is a pseudo-cereal with high phytochemical substances verified biological and nutritional significance. Quinoa is consumed and used as daily essential food throughout the world due to its higher amount of protein in relation to general cereals. Quinoa contains ascorbic acid, vitamin E tocopherols and B complex vitamins niacin, folic acid, thiamine. Minerals (calcium, potassium, iron, manganese, magnesium, phosphorus), it also contains isoflavones and the best type of triglyceride. A functional perspective of quinoa plant is of great importance as are being used in the treatment and prevention of different health problems. The study will elaborate physiochemical, rheological and functional properties of quinoa. Bread will be prepared from quinoa and its textural, sensory attributes and chemical composition will be determined by standard method and the result obtained from the recent study will be analyzed according to standard procedure","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86072219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study was carried out for comparative estimation of phytochemicals, anti-radical properties and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of seven species of family Moraceae using 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl assay. Methanolic (70%) extraction of crude leaves extracts was done via Double Maceration technique. Quantitative assay for determining the radical scavenging activity of DPPH as well as IC50 value of seven species of family Moraceae was observed. Results showed the presence of all major classes of phyto-compounds in seven species of family Moraceae, maximum percent inhibition radical scavenging activity was observed by Ficus infectoria (96±0.21) while minimum in Ficus macrophylla (scavenging >79.08%). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of all the seven species of family Moraceae was done by Graph pad prism 5.04 software. Concentration dependent percent inhibition was observed in all the species of Family Moraceae. However all the selected species had significant antioxidant potential which indicated the pharmaceutical uses of all the species under study on commercial scale in near future.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE PROFILING OF PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS AND RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENTIAL IN SOME SPECIES OF FAMILY MORACEAE","authors":"K. Zahid","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v69i2.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v69i2.346","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The current study was carried out for comparative estimation of phytochemicals, anti-radical properties and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of seven species of family Moraceae using 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl assay. Methanolic (70%) extraction of crude leaves extracts was done via Double Maceration technique. Quantitative assay for determining the radical scavenging activity of DPPH as well as IC50 value of seven species of family Moraceae was observed. Results showed the presence of all major classes of phyto-compounds in seven species of family Moraceae, maximum percent inhibition radical scavenging activity was observed by Ficus infectoria (96±0.21) while minimum in Ficus macrophylla (scavenging >79.08%). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of all the seven species of family Moraceae was done by Graph pad prism 5.04 software. Concentration dependent percent inhibition was observed in all the species of Family Moraceae. However all the selected species had significant antioxidant potential which indicated the pharmaceutical uses of all the species under study on commercial scale in near future. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87153881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Automated classification plays a vital role in content based image retrieval systemsin addition to many more. Inter-class similarity and intra-class dissimilarity is the main challengeposed by leaf classification. This research work proposed a plant classification system using texturaland geometrical features from leaf images. Six classification models, among which three wereensemble methods, were considered to evaluate the accuracy of proposed technique. Train and teststrategy was adopted to evaluate the performance of different classifiers. Experimental results showedthat the proposed technique outperformed the state of the art. Moreover, it was observed that texturalfeatures outperformed geometrical features. The best accuracy achieved with textural features was100%, whereas it was 98.8% when geometrical features were used. SVM, IBk and Random Treeremained the best classifiers in leaf identification using both types of features. Hence, textural andgeometrical features could be effectively used for plant classification
{"title":"AUTOMATED CLASSIFICATION OF HAIR CARE PLANTS USING GEOMETRICAL AND TEXTURAL FEATURES FROM LEAF IMAGES: A PATTERN RECOGNITION BASED APPROACH","authors":"A. Shaukat","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v68i4.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v68i4.201","url":null,"abstract":"Automated classification plays a vital role in content based image retrieval systemsin addition to many more. Inter-class similarity and intra-class dissimilarity is the main challengeposed by leaf classification. This research work proposed a plant classification system using texturaland geometrical features from leaf images. Six classification models, among which three wereensemble methods, were considered to evaluate the accuracy of proposed technique. Train and teststrategy was adopted to evaluate the performance of different classifiers. Experimental results showedthat the proposed technique outperformed the state of the art. Moreover, it was observed that texturalfeatures outperformed geometrical features. The best accuracy achieved with textural features was100%, whereas it was 98.8% when geometrical features were used. SVM, IBk and Random Treeremained the best classifiers in leaf identification using both types of features. Hence, textural andgeometrical features could be effectively used for plant classification","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79573464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A hybrid steganographic technique has been proposed to enlarge the size of secret message and to hide several images in one cover image. Initially, the secret images were compressed using JPEG 2000 before embedding them to the cover image. Second least significant bit plane of cover image was entirely replaced by secret message while tri-ways-pixel-value-differencing (TPVD) was used to hide secret message in remaining seven-bit cover image. The quality of stego image was enhanced by residual image coding (RIC). The cover image was divided in four sub-images, three of them provided cover for secret message using proposed technique while fourth sub-image was used to embed RIC of stego image using only TPVD, to ensure better quality in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). Proposed technique provided the opportunity to transmit secret data without detection by different steganalysis techniques like dual statistics steganalysis. Experimental results verified that proposed technique achieved high payload with better image quality than TPVD scheme.
{"title":"AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHMIC SOLUTION FOR HIGH PAYLOAD GOOD IMPERCEPTIBILITY HYBRID IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY","authors":"A. Murtaza","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v69i2.340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v69i2.340","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000A hybrid steganographic technique has been proposed to enlarge the size of secret message and to hide several images in one cover image. Initially, the secret images were compressed using JPEG 2000 before embedding them to the cover image. Second least significant bit plane of cover image was entirely replaced by secret message while tri-ways-pixel-value-differencing (TPVD) was used to hide secret message in remaining seven-bit cover image. The quality of stego image was enhanced by residual image coding (RIC). The cover image was divided in four sub-images, three of them provided cover for secret message using proposed technique while fourth sub-image was used to embed RIC of stego image using only TPVD, to ensure better quality in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). Proposed technique provided the opportunity to transmit secret data without detection by different steganalysis techniques like dual statistics steganalysis. Experimental results verified that proposed technique achieved high payload with better image quality than TPVD scheme. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76626493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biodiesel represents a suitable alternative to the petroleum-derived diesel fuel as it is renewable and can be used directly in compression-ignition engines. Present work was aimed at extraction of cantaloupe seed oil and its application to the production of biodiesel through base- catalyzed transesterification using four different basic catalysts viz. NaOH, NaOCH3, KOH and KOCH3. The percent yield of biodiesel afforded by these catalysts was 94.5, 88.0, 85.5 and 89.5%, respectively. The results indicated that NaOH was the best catalyst for transesterification of cantaloupe seed oil. Further, optimization of the process variable, including methanol to oil mole ratio, reaction temperature and amount of catalyst (NaOH) was carried out. The optimum levels of these variables that afforded maximum biodiesel yield were found to be 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 60 oC reaction temperature and one percent wt/wt catalyst loading. From the results obtained in this study,it was concluded that cantaloupe seed oil can be successfully utilized for the production of biodiesel as a cost-effective feedstock.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION THROUGH BASE-CATALYZED METHANOLYSIS OF CANTALOUPE SEED OIL","authors":"T. Akhtar","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v69i2.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v69i2.361","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Biodiesel represents a suitable alternative to the petroleum-derived diesel fuel as it is renewable and can be used directly in compression-ignition engines. Present work was aimed at extraction of cantaloupe seed oil and its application to the production of biodiesel through base- catalyzed transesterification using four different basic catalysts viz. NaOH, NaOCH3, KOH and KOCH3. The percent yield of biodiesel afforded by these catalysts was 94.5, 88.0, 85.5 and 89.5%, respectively. The results indicated that NaOH was the best catalyst for transesterification of cantaloupe seed oil. Further, optimization of the process variable, including methanol to oil mole ratio, reaction temperature and amount of catalyst (NaOH) was carried out. The optimum levels of these variables that afforded maximum biodiesel yield were found to be 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, 60 oC reaction temperature and one percent wt/wt catalyst loading. From the results obtained in this study,it was concluded that cantaloupe seed oil can be successfully utilized for the production of biodiesel as a cost-effective feedstock. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74950594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effective use of available cage spaces in wild bird breeding systems in captivity is ofprime economic concern. Present study was carried out at Punjab Wildlife Research InstituteFaisalabad to evaluate effect of cage sizes on reproductive performance of the Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus). Three groups; A, B and C of Indian Peafowl were selected and nurtured under threedifferent cage sizes, viz. 30, 21 and 12 square meters with an available space of 10, 7 and 4 square meters per bird, respectively. The birds were kept with a sex ratio of 1 male:2 female. Number of male mounting, egg production (average number of eggs laid per hen), average egg weight, percent egghatchability, percent egg fertility and chicks’ average weight were found significantly higher (P˂0.01)in Indian Peafowl reared in 21m2 cage size, followed by cage sizes of 30, and12 m2 respectively. Thisstudy indicated that, in case of Indian Peafowl, the breeding flock kept at intermediate cage spacingperformed better than that kept at large spacing or at too narrow spacing.
{"title":"EFFECT OF SPACING ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN PEAFOWL (Pavo cristatus) IN CAPTIVITY","authors":"Z. Ali","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v68i4.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v68i4.227","url":null,"abstract":"Effective use of available cage spaces in wild bird breeding systems in captivity is ofprime economic concern. Present study was carried out at Punjab Wildlife Research InstituteFaisalabad to evaluate effect of cage sizes on reproductive performance of the Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus). Three groups; A, B and C of Indian Peafowl were selected and nurtured under threedifferent cage sizes, viz. 30, 21 and 12 square meters with an available space of 10, 7 and 4 square meters per bird, respectively. The birds were kept with a sex ratio of 1 male:2 female. Number of male mounting, egg production (average number of eggs laid per hen), average egg weight, percent egghatchability, percent egg fertility and chicks’ average weight were found significantly higher (P˂0.01)in Indian Peafowl reared in 21m2 cage size, followed by cage sizes of 30, and12 m2 respectively. Thisstudy indicated that, in case of Indian Peafowl, the breeding flock kept at intermediate cage spacingperformed better than that kept at large spacing or at too narrow spacing.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87859537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pronunciation training is an important part of Computer Assisted Pronunciation Training (CAPT) systems. Mispronunciation detection systems recognized pronunciation mistakes from user’s speech and provided them feedback about their pronunciation. Acoustic phonetic features plays a vital role in speech classification based applications. This research work investigated the suitability of various acoustic features: pitch, energy, spectrum flux, zero-crossing, Entropy and MelFrequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) was used to find out most suitable acoustic features from the computed feature set. This study used K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) classifier was used to detect the pronunciation mistakes from Arabic phonemes. This research selected the set of most discriminative acoustic features for each phoneme. K-NN achieved accuracy of 92.15% for mispronunciation detection of Arabic Phonemes.
{"title":"SELECTION OF DISCRIMINATIVE FEATURES FOR ARABIC PHONEME’S MISPRONUNCIATION DETECTION","authors":"M.J. Khan","doi":"10.57041/pjs.v67i4.606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57041/pjs.v67i4.606","url":null,"abstract":"Pronunciation training is an important part of Computer Assisted Pronunciation Training (CAPT) systems. Mispronunciation detection systems recognized pronunciation mistakes from user’s speech and provided them feedback about their pronunciation. Acoustic phonetic features plays a vital role in speech classification based applications. This research work investigated the suitability of various acoustic features: pitch, energy, spectrum flux, zero-crossing, Entropy and MelFrequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). Sequential Forward Selection (SFS) was used to find out most suitable acoustic features from the computed feature set. This study used K-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) classifier was used to detect the pronunciation mistakes from Arabic phonemes. This research selected the set of most discriminative acoustic features for each phoneme. K-NN achieved accuracy of 92.15% for mispronunciation detection of Arabic Phonemes.","PeriodicalId":19787,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan journal of science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82105144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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