Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献_第2页

Cell wall remodeling mediated banana-Bacillus velezensis interaction determines banana health during Foc 1 infection 细胞壁重塑介导的香蕉- velezensis相互作用决定了香蕉在Foc 1感染期间的健康状况

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106963

Shazma Gulzar , Yaxin Xu , Zan Yi , Rahat Sharif , Zhihui Long , Yuting Weng , Yisha Lu , Huiling Zhan , Yihua Tan , Zhen Liu , Chunxiang Xu

Biological control provides an eco-friendly alternative to disease control. However, the host-mediated resistance mechanism conferred by beneficial bacteria is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of a beneficial bacterium natively isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a resistant banana mutant in mitigating the severity caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 (Foc 1) infection, as well as the potential mechanism underlying. The identified strain 4–28 (Bacillus velezensis) not only enhanced banana biomass and photosynthesis, but also achieved 61.73% control efficacy against Foc 1 by reducing H₂O₂ accumulation through the activation of antioxidant enzyme activities in banana plants. Following 4–28 inoculation, the most significantly enriched GO items were relevant to cell wall, defense and photosynthesis. Notably, both 4–28 and Foc 1 treatments caused extensive cell wall related gene expression. When compared to Foc 1, 4–28 induced fewer cell wall related genes, especially HRGPs. Alignment with RNA-Seq results, 4–28 inoculation decreased the level of AGPs, pectin and hemicellulose recognized by JIM16, JIM5, CCRC-M87 and LM21 antibodies, respectively. In addition, 4–28 inoculation decreased the contents of pectin, hemicellulose and cellulose in banana upon Foc 1 infection but elevated highly methyl-esterified homogalacturonan recognized by JIM7 and LM20 antibodies, the degree of methyl esterification of pectin, which was opposite to the response observed under Foc 1 infection. Our findings provided a foundation for further field use of strain 4–28 in biologically controlling banana Fusarium wilt and offer new insights into the biological control mechanisms related host cell wall remodeling.

生物防治为疾病防治提供了一种生态友好的替代方法。然而，宿主介导的有益细菌的耐药机制是有限的。本研究旨在评估从香蕉抗性突变体根际土壤中分离的一种有益菌在减轻香蕉尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1, Foc 1）感染中的潜在作用及其潜在机制。所鉴定菌株4-28 （Bacillus velezensis）不仅提高了香蕉生物量和光合作用，而且通过激活香蕉植株抗氧化酶活性减少H2O2积累，对Foc - 1的防治效果达到61.73%。接种4 ~ 28次后，氧化石墨烯含量最高的是细胞壁、防御和光合作用。值得注意的是，4-28和Foc - 1处理均引起广泛的细胞壁相关基因表达。与Foc 1相比，4-28诱导的细胞壁相关基因较少，尤其是hrgp。与RNA-Seq结果一致，4-28接种降低了JIM16、JIM5、CCRC-M87和LM21抗体识别的AGPs、果胶和半纤维素的水平。此外，4-28接种减少了香蕉中果胶、半纤维素和纤维素的含量，但增加了JIM7和LM20抗体识别的高甲基酯化的均半乳糖酸，果胶的甲基酯化程度，这与Foc 1感染时的反应相反。本研究结果为菌株4-28在香蕉枯萎病生物防治中的进一步应用奠定了基础，并对宿主细胞壁重塑相关的生物防治机制提供了新的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the effects of spraying nanomaterial-encapsulated dsRNA targeting the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene on the growth and reproduction of Nilaparvata lugens 喷施纳米材料包封海藻糖-6-磷酸合酶基因dsRNA对褐飞虱生长繁殖的影响研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106974

Ye Han , Fan Zhong , Yuya Zhang , Yanfei Zhou , Xinyu Zhang , Min Zhou , Jun Lv , Bin Tang

Nilaparvata lugens stands as one of the most notorious pests plaguing global agriculture. Given the emergence of resistance to chemical pesticides in this pest population, there is a pressing demand for the development of innovative, eco-friendly biopesticides for its effective management. Biopesticides harnessing RNA interference (RNAi) technology hold great promise due to their inherent specificity and target selectivity. However, the core functional component of such RNAi-based products, naked or unmodified double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), suffers from critical inherent limitations. Specifically, when sprayed under field conditions, naked dsRNA is prone to degradation by nucleases, damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and displacement by rainfall. To address these drawbacks, nanomaterial encapsulation has been proposed as a robust delivery strategy to bolster dsRNA stability, enhance its intracellular uptake, and improve delivery efficiency within target organisms. Building on this approach, we utilized RNAi technology with nanomaterial-encapsulated dsRNA to specifically target the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS) in N. lugens. Specifically, we encapsulated dsRNA targeting the TPS gene using a variety of nanomaterials, and subsequently assessed the impact of these nanomaterials-encapsulated dsRNA formulations on the growth, development, and reproductive capacity of N. lugens. Our findings revealed that dsRNA encapsulated within nanomaterials markedly extended the duration of gene silencing effects. Moreover, the adsorption efficiency of the encapsulated dsRNA onto rice roots was significantly improved. After spray application, these encapsulated dsRNA formulations effectively retarded the growth and developmental progression of N. lugens and suppressed its reproductive performance, resulting in a notable decline in both egg production and hatching success rates. This study can control pesticide-resistant brown planthopper populations and exhibits potential for ecologically friendly pest management.

褐飞虱是困扰全球农业的最臭名昭著的害虫之一。鉴于该害虫种群对化学农药的耐药性的出现，迫切需要开发创新的、环保的生物农药，以有效地管理其。利用RNA干扰（RNAi）技术的生物农药由于其固有的特异性和靶标选择性而具有广阔的应用前景。然而，这种基于RNA的产品的核心功能成分，裸的或未修饰的双链RNA (dsRNA)，受到关键的固有限制。具体来说，当在野外条件下喷洒时，裸dsRNA容易被核酸酶降解，紫外线（UV）辐射损伤，以及降雨位移。为了解决这些缺点，纳米材料封装被提出作为一种强大的递送策略，以增强dsRNA的稳定性，增强其在细胞内的摄取，并提高靶生物内的递送效率。在此基础上，我们利用RNAi技术与纳米材料封装的dsRNA特异性靶向海藻糖-6-磷酸合酶基因（TPS）。具体来说，我们使用多种纳米材料封装了针对TPS基因的dsRNA，并随后评估了这些纳米材料封装的dsRNA配方对N. lugens生长、发育和繁殖能力的影响。我们的研究结果表明，包裹在纳米材料中的dsRNA显着延长了基因沉默效应的持续时间。此外，包封后的dsRNA在水稻根系上的吸附效率显著提高。喷施后，这些包封的dsRNA配方有效地延缓了褐飞虱的生长发育进程，抑制了其繁殖性能，导致产卵量和孵化成功率显著下降。该研究可有效控制棕飞虱的耐药种群，为生态友好型害虫治理提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Design, synthesis, and anti-fungicidal activities of sulfonyl fluoride functionalized SDHI analogs against plant pathogens 磺酰氟功能化SDHI类似物的设计、合成及其对植物病原体的抑菌活性

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106973

Junjie Wei , Yunlong Chai , Yangyang Yuan, Jianxiang Wang, Guangkai Yao, Zhixiang Zhang, Hanhong Xu, Chen Zhao

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have been widely employed as agricultural fungicides due to their effectiveness and low toxicity. Recently, sulfonyl fluoride (R-OSO₂F) has emerged as a promising active moiety in pesticide development. Previously, our team identified aryl sulfonyl fluoride compounds with strong antifungal activity. Expanding on this, we incorporated the sulfonyl fluoride group into the heterocyclic amide scaffold of SDHIs, designing and synthesizing 56 novel aniline-based sulfonyl fluoride derivatives. Their structures were confirmed using ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Antifungal activity assays showed that compound 4a exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against Rhizoctonia solani (EC₅₀ = 2.89 μg/mL). In bioassays on rice leaves and pot experiments, compound 4a demonstrated 50.75% protective efficacy and 32.43% curative efficacy at 200 μg/mL, comparable to that of commercial SDHI fungicide boscalid. Enzyme inhibition assays confirmed its potent suppression of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and molecular docking studies demonstrated binding modes similar to boscalid, with improved binding affinity attributed to the sulfonyl fluoride moiety. We developed a novel sulfonyl fluoride series, identifying 4a as a potent antifungal lead with SDHI-like action. These findings provide valuable insights and new directions for the development of sulfonyl fluorides as next-generation fungicides.

琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂（SDHIs）因其高效、低毒等优点被广泛应用于农业杀菌剂。近年来，磺酰氟（R-OSO2F）已成为农药开发中一个很有前景的活性基团。此前，我们的团队发现芳基磺酰氟化合物具有很强的抗真菌活性。在此基础上，我们将磺酰氟基团引入到SDHIs的杂环酰胺支架中，设计并合成了56种新型苯胺基磺酰氟衍生物。它们的结构通过1H NMR， 13C NMR和高分辨率质谱（HRMS）进行了证实。抑菌活性实验表明，化合物4a对茄枯丝核菌的抑菌活性最高（EC50 = 2.89 μg/mL）。在水稻叶片生物测定和盆栽试验中，化合物4a在200 μg/mL浓度下的保护效果为50.75%，疗效为32.43%，与市售的SDHI杀菌剂boscalid相当。酶抑制实验证实了其对琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）的有效抑制，分子对接研究表明其结合模式类似于双硫醚，由于磺酰氟部分的存在，其结合亲和力得到了提高。我们开发了一种新的磺酰氟系列，确定4a是一种有效的抗真菌先导物，具有sdi样作用。这些发现为磺酰氟作为下一代杀菌剂的开发提供了有价值的见解和新的方向。

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引用次数: 0

Breaking the trade-off: Trichoderma effector Tahfb1 dual-targets growth and defense pathways via Hsp70L 打破取舍：木霉效应物Tahfb1通过Hsp70L双重靶向生长和防御途径

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106972

Yaping Yin, Yuhang Fu, He Wu, Liping Feng, Lijuan He, Runmao Lin, Rui Wang, Zhengbin Tang, Baoping Zhu, Jumei Hou, Jing Zhao, Tong Liu

Beneficial microbes like Trichoderma can help plants balance growth and defense, but the key signaling molecules and mechanisms underlying this balance remain unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that Trichoderma asperellum promotes tomato growth and enhances resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Interaction transcriptomics revealed a 156-fold upregulation of Tahfb1, a gene encoding a class II hydrophobin. Application of exogenous Tahfb1 protein increased lateral root growth and reduced lesion area on tomato leaves. A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Tahfb1 resulted in a 32% reduction in lateral roots and a 39% increase in lesion size. Conversely, overexpression strains significantly enhanced lateral root growth by 97% and decreased lesion area by 40%. Pot experiments further confirmed that Tahfb1 increased the number of lateral roots by 42% and reduced lesion area by 58%. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) confirmed that Tahfb1 directly interacts with the tomato heat shock protein Hsp70L. RNAi silencing of Hsp70L significantly compromised Tahfb1-induced lateral root development by 53% and increased lesion size by 62%. Quantitative analysis indicated that Tahfb1 modulates auxin signaling pathway (ARF19/PIN1/CYCB1;2), and the jasmonic acid/ethylene pathway (LOX/ETR1) to synergistically promote growth and immunity. Our results identify the Tahfb1-Hsp70L module as a key mediator of the synergistic enhancement of growth and defense in Trichoderma-plant interactions.

像木霉这样的有益微生物可以帮助植物平衡生长和防御，但这种平衡背后的关键信号分子和机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们证明了曲霉能促进番茄生长，增强番茄对灰霉病的抗性。相互作用转录组学显示，编码II类疏水蛋白的基因Tahfb1上调了156倍。施用外源Tahfb1蛋白可促进番茄侧根生长，减少叶片损伤面积。CRISPR/ cas9介导的Tahfb1基因敲除导致侧根减少32%，病变大小增加39%。相反，过表达菌株显著促进侧根生长97%，损伤面积减少40%。盆栽实验进一步证实，Tahfb1使侧根数量增加42%，损伤面积减少58%。此外，酵母双杂交（Y2H）、共免疫沉淀（Co-IP）和双分子荧光互补（BiFC）证实Tahfb1直接与番茄热休克蛋白Hsp70L相互作用。RNAi沉默Hsp70L显著降低tahfb1诱导的侧根发育53%，病变大小增加62%。定量分析表明Tahfb1可调节生长素信号通路（ARF19/PIN1/CYCB1;2）和茉莉酸/乙烯通路（LOX/ETR1），协同促进生长和免疫。我们的研究结果表明，Tahfb1-Hsp70L模块是木霉与植物相互作用中协同增强生长和防御的关键中介。

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引用次数: 0

Divergent impacts of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on pesticide fate and toxicity in a soil–chive system, underscoring a soil-plant-microbe disruption 传统和可生物降解微塑料对土壤-韭菜系统中农药命运和毒性的不同影响，强调土壤-植物-微生物的破坏

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106971

Jing Yang , Guy Smagghe , Xiaomao Wu , Wanping Zhang , Xiangsheng Chen

Microplastics (MPs) and pesticides increasingly co-occur in agricultural soils, yet their combined effects on soil biology and plant–soil interactions remain poorly understood. Here we provide the evidence that biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) MPs, despite their eco-friendly reputation, fundamentally reshape soil microbial and biochemical dynamics under pesticide stress. In a soil–chive system, PLA, but not conventional polyethylene (PE), significantly delayed iprodione (IPR) degradation (up to 7.7-fold), increased the persistence of its toxic metabolite 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-DCA), and enhanced plant uptake of 3,5-DCA (up to 59%). Mechanistically, PLA disrupted beneficial bacterial enrichment, altered microbial community composition, and interfered with plant detoxification pathways, notably glutathione metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis. These interactions intensified phytotoxicity, stunted plant growth, and reduced soil–plant resilience. Our findings reveal a previously overlooked ecological trade-off: biodegradable MPs can amplify pesticide risks by destabilizing soil microbial processes and stress-response mechanisms. This work advances understanding of how novel contaminants interact in soils and highlights the importance of integrating soil biological functions into sustainability assessments of alternative plastics.

微塑料（MPs）和农药越来越多地共同出现在农业土壤中，但它们对土壤生物学和植物-土壤相互作用的综合影响仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们提供的证据表明，可生物降解的聚乳酸（PLA） MPs尽管具有环保的声誉，但在农药胁迫下从根本上重塑了土壤微生物和生化动力学。在土壤-韭菜体系中，聚乳酸（PLA）显著延缓了异丙二酮（IPR）的降解（高达7.7倍），增加了其有毒代谢产物3,5-二氯苯胺（3,5- dca）的持久性，并提高了植物对3,5- dca的吸收率（高达59%）。在机制上，聚乳酸破坏了有益细菌的富集，改变了微生物群落的组成，干扰了植物的解毒途径，特别是谷胱甘肽代谢和氨基酸的生物合成。这些相互作用加剧了植物毒性，阻碍了植物生长，降低了土壤植物的恢复力。我们的研究结果揭示了一个以前被忽视的生态权衡：可生物降解的MPs可以通过破坏土壤微生物过程和应激反应机制来放大农药风险。这项工作促进了对新污染物如何在土壤中相互作用的理解，并强调了将土壤生物功能整合到替代塑料可持续性评估中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

The F116V mutation and overexpression of CYP9A186 confer high-level resistance to emamectin benzoate and abamectin in Spodoptera exigua F116V突变和CYP9A186的过表达使夜蛾对苯甲酸埃维菌素和阿维菌素具有高水平的抗性

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106969

Qiuxia Zeng , Lin Li , Yongsheng Yao , Bingbing Fang , Yu Shi , Yihua Yang , Yidong Wu

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, is a polyphagous, migratory pest of worldwide importance. It has developed serious resistance to emamectin benzoate and abamectin due to the widespread use of these insecticides in pest control. Previous research demonstrated that the F116V mutation in CYP9A186 confers 265-fold resistance to emamectin benzoate (EB) and 45-fold resistance to abamectin in the WH-EB strain of S. exigua, a near-isogenic strain obtained by introgression of field resistance into the susceptible WH-S line via repeated backcrossing. Here, we examine the contribution of CYP9A186 in a 2024 field population from Alaer, Xinjiang, China (named ALE24), in which the F116V mutation is fixed. The F116V allele from ALE24 was introgressed into the susceptible WH-S strain through repeated backcrossing, yielding a near-isogenic strain (WH-ALE). WH-ALE exhibited 1286-fold resistance to EB and 300-fold resistance to abamectin, which is approximately 5 times greater than that of WH-EB for each respective insecticide. In addition, WH-ALE showed low levels of cross-resistance (2.8- to 4.7-fold) to indoxacarb, esfenvalerate, spinosad, chlorpyrifos, and chlorantraniliprole, but no cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr or broflanilide. Importantly, WH-ALE showed dramatically elevated expression of the mutant CYP9A186 allele, with a 72.9-fold increase in the midgut and a 56.8-fold increase in the fat body relative to the WH-S strain, indicating strong metabolic amplification. These results demonstrate that high-level resistance to EB and abamectin in WH-ALE is conferred by the combined effects of the F116V substitution and its marked overexpression. Therefore, resistance monitoring programs should assess both the presence and expression levels of specific resistance alleles of CYP9A186 in S. exigua populations to improve adaptive resistance management.

甜菜粘虫（Spodoptera exigua）是一种全球性的多食性、迁徙性害虫。由于在病虫害防治中广泛使用埃维菌素苯甲酸酯和阿维菌素，它对这些杀虫剂产生了严重的耐药性。先前的研究表明，CYP9A186的F116V突变使S. exigua的WH-EB菌株对苯甲酸埃维菌素（emamectin benzoate， EB）的抗性增加265倍，对阿维菌素的抗性增加45倍，该菌株是通过反复回交将田间抗性渗透到敏感的WH-S系中获得的。在这里，我们研究了CYP9A186在来自中国新疆阿拉尔的2024年野外种群（命名为ALE24）中的贡献，其中F116V突变是固定的。ALE24的F116V等位基因通过反复回交渗入到易感菌株WH-S中，得到一个近等基因菌株（WH-ALE）。WH-ALE对EB的抗性为1286倍，对阿维菌素的抗性为300倍，分别为WH-EB的5倍左右。此外，wha - ale对茚虫威、依氰戊酸、思乐沙、毒死蜱和氯虫腈的交叉抗性水平较低（2.8- 4.7倍），但对氯虫腈和溴氟酰胺无交叉抗性。重要的是，与WH-S菌株相比，WH-ALE突变型CYP9A186等位基因的表达显著升高，在中肠和脂肪体中分别增加了72.9倍和56.8倍，表明代谢扩增能力强。这些结果表明，WH-ALE对EB和阿维菌素的高水平抗性是由F116V替代及其显著过表达的共同作用赋予的。因此，抗性监测程序应评估在小夜蛾种群中CYP9A186特异性抗性等位基因的存在和表达水平，以改善适应性抗性管理。

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引用次数: 0

Antagonistic bacterium BY-S1 induces resistance to tobacco black shank: Integrated insights from defense response and metabolic profiling 拮抗细菌BY-S1诱导对烟草黑胫病的抗性：来自防御反应和代谢谱的综合见解

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106967

Yu Zhang , Yushuai Zhang , Mengze Li , Yuwei Zhang , Xianglong Li , Tengfei Liu , Hang Wang , Zicheng Xu , Jiayang Xu , Wei Jia

Tobacco black shank (TBS) is a soil-borne disease caused by Phytophthora nicotianae (P. nicotianae), which poses a significant threat to both the yield and quality of tobacco crops. Biocontrol bacteria play a vital role in sustainable agriculture, including the management of TBS. Consequently, finding biocontrol bacteria that effectively inhibit P. nicotianae is important for tobacco production. In this study, a biocontrol bacterium with a promising control effect on TBS was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants, and named BY-S1. BY-S1, identified as Bacillus subtilis, exhibited an antagonistic effect of 70.60% against P. nicotianae, along with the capabilities for phosphate solubilization and siderophore production. Furthermore, an indoor potted plant experiment was conducted to explore the effect of BY-S1 on tobacco growth and resistance. The results showed that BY-S1 not only promoted tobacco growth, but also significantly reduced the TBS incidence, reaching a control efficacy of 53.45%. BY-S1 application enhanced photosynthesis, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) and defense enzymes (PPO and PAL), and regulated the contents of plant hormones (IAA, ABA, JA and SA) to improve tobacco resistance against TBS. In addition, BY-S1 also protected tobacco from P. nicotianae infections by modulating metabolisms such as ascorbate and aldarate metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. These findings highlight the potential of BY-S1 in controlling P. nicotianae infection in tobacco.

烟草黑胫病（TBS）是由烟草疫霉（Phytophthora nicotianae， P. nicotianae）引起的一种土传病害，严重威胁烟草作物的产量和品质。生物防治细菌在可持续农业中发挥着至关重要的作用，包括TBS的管理。因此，寻找有效抑制烟草假单胞菌的生物防治菌对烟草生产具有重要意义。本研究从烟草根际土壤中分离到一株对TBS有良好防治效果的生物防治菌，命名为BY-S1。鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）的BY-S1对烟叶芽孢杆菌（P. nicotiae）具有70.60%的拮抗作用，并具有增磷和产铁载体的能力。通过室内盆栽试验，探讨了BY-S1对烟草生长和抗性的影响。结果表明，BY-S1不仅能促进烟草生长，还能显著降低TBS发病率，防治效果达53.45%。施用BY-S1可增强叶片光合作用，提高抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT）和防御酶（PPO、PAL）活性，调节植物激素（IAA、ABA、JA、SA）含量，提高烟草对TBS的抗性。此外，by - s1还通过调节抗坏血酸和醛酸盐代谢以及色氨酸代谢等代谢，保护烟草免受烟草假烟菌的感染。这些发现突出了BY-S1在烟草中控制烟草假单抗感染的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative roles of four TFIIH subunits (Tfb1, Tfb2, Tfb4 and Tfb5) in anti-UV and insecticidal processes of Beauveria bassiana 四种TFIIH亚基（Tfb1、Tfb2、Tfb4和Tfb5）在球孢白僵菌抗紫外线和杀虫过程中的作用比较

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106966

Min Li, Jian-Ru Feng, Sheng-Hua Ying, Ming-Guang Feng

The transcription factor TFIIH features a core seven-subunit subcomplex required for nucleotide excision repair (NER) of UV-induced DNA damage in budding yeast, but comprising two Rad3 paralogs (Rad3A/B) and orthologs (Rad25, Ssl1, and Tfb1/2/4/5) of the remaining subunits in Beauveria bassiana, a wide-spectrum mycopesticide prone to solar UV damage. Rad25 and Rad3B were previously shown to have high photoreactivation activities in UVB damage recovery and pleiotropic effects in the fungal lifecycle. Presently, only Tfb5 was proven to have higher activity than Tfb1 in photoreactivation of UVB-impaired conidia and similar roles of Rad25 and Rad3B essential for the fungal lifecycle and insecticidal action. Tfb2 and Tfb4 exhibited no anti-UVB activity but a role in early conidiation. Yeast two-hybrid assays revealed complicated interaction networks among the subunits and many other anti-UV proteins that function in the yeast NER pathway but have higher photoreactivation than dark reactivation activities in B. bassiana. The interaction networks implicate that the subcomplex is formed by seven subunits excluding Rad3A and is tightly linked to not only multiple anti-UV protein complexes with high photoreactivation activities but also two photolyases (Phr1/2) and two photolyase regulators (WC1/2), which enable the formation of a white-collar complex serving as blue-light sensor and key transcription factor in fungal circadian system and the photorepair of DNA damage in B. bassiana. Our findings fill a gap in knowledge about the core subcomplex of a filamentous fungus and unveil a scenario that is mechanistically distinct from the same subcomplex needed for the yeast NER-relying anti-UV activity.

转录因子TFIIH具有一个核心的7个亚基亚复合物，这是出芽酵母在紫外线诱导的DNA损伤中核苷酸切除修复（NER）所必需的，但在球孢白杆菌（Beauveria bassiana）中，它包含两个Rad3的相似物（Rad3A/B）和其他亚基的同源物（Rad25、Ssl1和Tfb1/2/4/5），这是一种易于受到太阳紫外线损伤的广谱霉菌杀虫剂。Rad25和Rad3B在UVB损伤恢复中具有较高的光活化活性，并在真菌生命周期中具有多效性。目前，只有Tfb5被证实在uvb损伤分生孢子的光活化中具有高于Tfb1的活性，而Rad25和Rad3B在真菌的生命周期和杀虫作用中具有类似的作用。Tfb2和Tfb4无抗uvb活性，但在早期有一定作用。酵母双杂交实验揭示了亚基和许多其他抗紫外线蛋白之间复杂的相互作用网络，这些蛋白在酵母NER途径中起作用，但在球孢酵母中具有比暗再激活更高的光再激活活性。相互作用网络表明，该亚复合物由除Rad3A外的7个亚基组成，不仅与多个具有高光活化活性的抗紫外线蛋白复合物紧密相连，而且与两种光解酶（Phr1/2）和两种光解酶调节因子（WC1/2）紧密相连，从而形成白领复合物，在真菌昼夜节律系统中充当蓝光传感器和关键转录因子，并在球孢白孢菌DNA损伤的光修复中发挥作用。我们的发现填补了对丝状真菌核心亚复合物知识的空白，并揭示了一种机制上不同于酵母依赖于ner的抗紫外线活性所需的相同亚复合物的情况。

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引用次数: 0

Decoding the chemical burden: 2020–2025 insights into pesticide toxicity, risk assessment, mitigation strategies, and future prospects in honey bees (Apis spp.) 解读化学负担：2020-2025年对蜜蜂杀虫剂毒性、风险评估、缓解策略和未来前景的见解（Apis spp.）

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106961

Sumit Singh , Chen Zexian , Farrakh Mehboob , Shaoying Wu

Honey bees are vital ecological and economic pollinators whose services and hive-derived products support global food production and ecosystem health. However, their populations have declined sharply in recent decades, with pesticides emerging as one of the most critical chemical stressors. Although multiple bee taxa exhibit species-specific sensitivities to pesticides, the present review focuses specifically on honey bees (Apis spp.) and synthesizes studies published between 2020 and 2025 to evaluate the detrimental impacts of pesticides on honey bee health and the underlying mechanisms. We summarize the major environmental exposure pathways and the key toxicity processes, including acute and chronic effects, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, immunosuppression and transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations. These molecular and physiological disruptions, collectively, contribute to colony-level consequences such as impaired foraging behavior or memory, reduced reproductive fitness, brood abnormalities, and eventual colony collapse. We also examine how pesticide exposure interacts synergistically with other environmental stressors such as pathogens, poor nutrition, and climate extremes. Recent advances in detection and risk assessment, including omics-based biomarkers and computational models, are also highlighted, alongside key strategies that can be implemented to mitigate pesticide impacts. By integrating the most recent multidisciplinary evidence, this review provides an updated, comprehensive framework that identifies critical knowledge gaps and outlines future research priorities essential for safeguarding pollinators in an era of increasing chemical and environmental pressures.

蜜蜂是重要的生态和经济传粉者，其服务和蜂箱衍生产品支持全球粮食生产和生态系统健康。然而，近几十年来，随着农药成为最重要的化学压力源之一，它们的数量急剧下降。尽管许多蜜蜂类群对农药表现出物种特异性的敏感性，但本文主要以蜜蜂为研究对象，并综合了2020年至2025年间发表的研究成果，以评估农药对蜜蜂健康的有害影响及其潜在机制。我们总结了主要的环境暴露途径和关键的毒性过程，包括急性和慢性效应，神经毒性，氧化应激，免疫抑制以及转录组和表观遗传改变。这些分子和生理上的破坏，共同导致了群体水平的后果，如觅食行为或记忆受损，生殖适应性降低，产卵异常，最终导致群体崩溃。我们还研究了农药暴露如何与其他环境压力因素（如病原体、营养不良和极端气候）协同作用。报告还强调了在检测和风险评估方面的最新进展，包括基于组学的生物标志物和计算模型，以及可以实施的减轻农药影响的关键战略。通过整合最新的多学科证据，本综述提供了一个更新的全面框架，确定了关键的知识差距，并概述了在化学和环境压力日益增加的时代保护传粉媒介所必需的未来研究重点。

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引用次数: 0

Design of novel tryptamine-based SDHI fungicides inspired by rice phytoalexins: Antifungal activity evaluation and molecular mechanism 受水稻抗菌素启发的新型色胺基SDHI杀菌剂的设计：抗真菌活性评价和分子机制

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106965

Longzhu Bao , Hexiang Wang , Yu Chen , Jie Deng , Fang Liu , Huailong Teng , Shaoyong Ke

Globally, biotic stress—predominantly caused by plant-pathogenic fungi—results in substantial annual crop losses and significant economic costs, thereby posing a continuing threat to agricultural sustainability. Addressing the dual challenges of limited effective agrochemical availability and rapidly evolving pathogen resistance requires the urgent development of novel green fungicides. Inspired by phytoalexins, we designed a series of new pyrazole-carboxylic acid derivatives incorporating a tryptamine motif as potential succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI). Most of the compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against eight common phytopathogenic fungi. Among them, compounds 8 and 23 showed significant activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with EC₅₀ values of 15.7 μmol/L and 19.8 μmol/L, respectively. Activity tests in vivo revealed that compounds 8 and 23 protected oilseed rape leaves and tomato fruits from infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea at a concentration of 100 μmol/L. The inhibition effects of compounds 8 and 23 against succinate dehydrogenase were 6.13 and 6.16 μmol/L, respectively, better than Thirluzamide (IC₅₀ = 9.38 μmol/L). Scanning electron microscopy analysis, molecular docking, and DFT calculation confirmed that the mode of action of these compounds was similar to Fluopyram. Molecular design inspired by phytoalexins offers a new avenue for further developing succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors.

在全球范围内，主要由植物病原真菌引起的生物胁迫导致每年大量作物损失和巨大的经济成本，从而对农业的可持续性构成持续威胁。解决有限的有效农用化学品供应和快速发展的病原体抗性的双重挑战需要迫切开发新的绿色杀菌剂。受植物抗毒素的启发，我们设计了一系列新的吡唑-羧酸衍生物，其中包含一个色胺基序，作为潜在的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂（SDHI）。大多数化合物对8种常见的植物病原真菌具有抑制活性。其中，化合物8和23对菌核菌表现出显著的活性，EC₅0值分别为15.7 μmol/L和19.8 μmol/L。体内活性试验表明，化合物8和23在100 μmol/L浓度下对油菜菌核菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）和番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）具有保护作用。化合物8和23对琥珀酸脱氢酶的抑制作用分别为6.13和6.16 μmol/L，优于噻鲁唑胺（IC50 = 9.38 μmol/L）。扫描电镜分析、分子对接和DFT计算证实，这些化合物的作用方式与氟吡喃相似。受植物抗毒素启发的分子设计为进一步开发琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂提供了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0