Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106158
Qi Hua, Xuepeng Chi, Ying Wang, Baohua Xu
Monocrotaline (MCT) is a toxic alkaloid present in plants, posing a threat to animals in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about its potential impacts on pollinating insects. Here, we report the effects of of MCT on the brains and intestines of foraging honeybees (Apis mellifera). MCT exposure resulted in a reduction in head weight and swelling of the abdomen in honeybees. Additionally, MCT exposure caused morphological damage to the brain, characterized by decreased antioxidant capacity and increased apoptosis, along with intestinal tissue damage that was accompanied by increased antioxidant capacity and apoptosis. Moreover, MCT altered the core gut microbial community structure in honeybees and increased the expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes in the midgut. These findings indicate that exposure to MCT activates the immune response in the honeybee gut, while the brain does not exhibit an immune response but instead experiences oxidative stress. This study provides a resource for future research exploring interactions between MCT and other insects, and can help deepen our understanding of MCT's potential impacts in ecosystems.
{"title":"Biological damage of monocrotaline on the brain and intestinal tissues of Apis mellifera","authors":"Qi Hua, Xuepeng Chi, Ying Wang, Baohua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monocrotaline (MCT) is a toxic alkaloid present in plants, posing a threat to animals in terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about its potential impacts on pollinating insects. Here, we report the effects of of MCT on the brains and intestines of foraging honeybees (<em>Apis mellifera</em>). MCT exposure resulted in a reduction in head weight and swelling of the abdomen in honeybees. Additionally, MCT exposure caused morphological damage to the brain, characterized by decreased antioxidant capacity and increased apoptosis, along with intestinal tissue damage that was accompanied by increased antioxidant capacity and apoptosis. Moreover, MCT altered the core gut microbial community structure in honeybees and increased the expression of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes in the midgut. These findings indicate that exposure to MCT activates the immune response in the honeybee gut, while the brain does not exhibit an immune response but instead experiences oxidative stress. This study provides a resource for future research exploring interactions between MCT and other insects, and can help deepen our understanding of MCT's potential impacts in ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106159
Wenze Li , Long Sun , Xiaofan Yang , Changsheng Peng , Rimao Hua , Meiqing Zhu
Profenofos, as a typical chiral organophosphorus pesticide, can cause various environmental problems and even endanger human health when used in excess. The toxicity of chiral profenofos was investigated through multispectral analysis, molecular docking, and density functional theory (DFT), employing human serum albumin (HSA) as the model protein. Fluorescence titration and lifetime measurements demonstrated that the interaction between chiral profenofos and HSA involves static quenching. Chiral profenofos forms a 1:1 complex with HSA at site II (subdomain IIIA), primarily driven by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Notably, the binding efficacy diminishes as temperature increases. Spectroscopic analyses confirm that chiral profenofos alters the microenvironment and structure of HSA, with the R-enantiomer exerting a greater impact than the S-enantiomer. Consequently, the toxicological implications of the R-profenofos is significantly more pronounced. Investigating the molecular-level toxic effects of chiral pesticides enhances the thoroughness of pesticide assessments, aids in understanding their distribution, metabolism, and associated risks, and facilitates the development of mitigation strategies.
{"title":"Enantioselective effects of chiral profenofos on the conformation for human serum albumin","authors":"Wenze Li , Long Sun , Xiaofan Yang , Changsheng Peng , Rimao Hua , Meiqing Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Profenofos, as a typical chiral organophosphorus pesticide, can cause various environmental problems and even endanger human health when used in excess. The toxicity of chiral profenofos was investigated through multispectral analysis, molecular docking, and density functional theory (DFT), employing human serum albumin (HSA) as the model protein. Fluorescence titration and lifetime measurements demonstrated that the interaction between chiral profenofos and HSA involves static quenching. Chiral profenofos forms a 1:1 complex with HSA at site II (subdomain IIIA), primarily driven by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Notably, the binding efficacy diminishes as temperature increases. Spectroscopic analyses confirm that chiral profenofos alters the microenvironment and structure of HSA, with the <em>R</em>-enantiomer exerting a greater impact than the <em>S</em>-enantiomer. Consequently, the toxicological implications of the <em>R</em>-profenofos is significantly more pronounced. Investigating the molecular-level toxic effects of chiral pesticides enhances the thoroughness of pesticide assessments, aids in understanding their distribution, metabolism, and associated risks, and facilitates the development of mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106156
Shengyun Li, Wen-Yen Wu, Ling-Hsiu Liao, May R. Berenbaum
The greater wax moth Galleria mellonella is a cosmopolitan pest of hives of the western honey bee Apis mellifera, where it remains exposed to varroicides applied by beekeepers in past decades as pest management chemicals for control of Varroa destructor, a devastating ectoparasite of bees. The prolonged presence of coumaphos residues, an organophosphate varroicide, in beeswax may be responsible for current levels of tolerance exhibited by G. mellonella, a non-target species that infests beehives. In this study, a field-collected strain of waxworms exhibited a higher LC50 value for coumaphos than that of a laboratory strain that had not been continuously exposed to coumaphos residues at field concentrations. Despite its higher tolerance for coumaphos, the field strain experienced growth inhibition at ecologically relevant concentration of coumaphos. Moreover, at low environmental concentrations that did not alter growth, detoxification gene expression levels were substantially altered. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 1181 and 658 differentially expressed genes in fat body and midgut, respectively, with 378 and 186 of those genes upregulated. This large-scale upregulation encompassed 21 genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), 13 encoding UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), 5 encoding glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), 2 encoding carboxylesterases (COEs), and 2 encoding ABC transporters (ABCs) in either tissue. Expression analysis of 13 selected candidate detoxification genes by RT-qPCR was consistent with their expression from RNA-Seq data. In sum, our results indicate that long-lasting pesticide residues in beeswax from past Varroa mite management may continue to act as selective agents on detoxification systems of hive residents other than the initial target species and that multiple resistance mechanisms to these chemicals may coexist within the beehive fauna.
{"title":"Transcriptional responses of detoxification genes to coumaphos in a nontarget species, Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in the beehive environment","authors":"Shengyun Li, Wen-Yen Wu, Ling-Hsiu Liao, May R. Berenbaum","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The greater wax moth <em>Galleria mellonella</em> is a cosmopolitan pest of hives of the western honey bee <em>Apis mellifera</em>, where it remains exposed to varroicides applied by beekeepers in past decades as pest management chemicals for control of <em>Varroa destructor</em>, a devastating ectoparasite of bees. The prolonged presence of coumaphos residues, an organophosphate varroicide, in beeswax may be responsible for current levels of tolerance exhibited by <em>G. mellonella</em>, a non-target species that infests beehives<em>.</em> In this study, a field-collected strain of waxworms exhibited a higher LC<sub>50</sub> value for coumaphos than that of a laboratory strain that had not been continuously exposed to coumaphos residues at field concentrations. Despite its higher tolerance for coumaphos, the field strain experienced growth inhibition at ecologically relevant concentration of coumaphos. Moreover, at low environmental concentrations that did not alter growth, detoxification gene expression levels were substantially altered. RNA-Seq analysis revealed 1181 and 658 differentially expressed genes in fat body and midgut, respectively, with 378 and 186 of those genes upregulated. This large-scale upregulation encompassed 21 genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), 13 encoding UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), 5 encoding glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), 2 encoding carboxylesterases (COEs), and 2 encoding ABC transporters (ABCs) in either tissue. Expression analysis of 13 selected candidate detoxification genes by RT-qPCR was consistent with their expression from RNA-Seq data. In sum, our results indicate that long-lasting pesticide residues in beeswax from past Varroa mite management may continue to act as selective agents on detoxification systems of hive residents other than the initial target species and that multiple resistance mechanisms to these chemicals may coexist within the beehive fauna.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PENs) are crucial for intercellular communication. However, PEN-based transport of pathogenic fungal genes remains unclear. This study isolated and purified PENs from lane late navel orange citrus juice by following the sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation technique. Citrus PENs were round and oval-shaped with an average size of 154.5 ± 1.9 nm. Electroporation-based exogenous dsRNA to PENs loading efficiency remained at 6.0 %. Laser confocal microscopy was employed to investigate citrus PEN uptake by fungal spores. dsCrcB loaded PENs inhibited the CrcB gene expression in spores to alleviate Penicillium italicum resistance against prochloraz fungicide, which promoted resistant strains' mortality by 10-fold. Moreover, dsFUM21-loaded PENs suppressed the FUM21 gene expression in spores, which significantly reduced FB1 production in Fusarium proliferatum. These findings suggest that citrus PENs could potentially serve as nano-carriers to counter fungicide resistance and mycotoxin production in pathogenic plant fungi.
{"title":"Citrus exosome-modified exogenous dsRNA delivery reduces plant pathogen resistance and mycotoxin production","authors":"Chunxiao Yin , Yuli Lao , Lihong Xie , Lianfei Chen , Yueming Jiang , Liang Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PENs) are crucial for intercellular communication. However, PEN-based transport of pathogenic fungal genes remains unclear. This study isolated and purified PENs from lane late navel orange citrus juice by following the sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation technique. Citrus PENs were round and oval-shaped with an average size of 154.5 ± 1.9 nm. Electroporation-based exogenous dsRNA to PENs loading efficiency remained at 6.0 %. Laser confocal microscopy was employed to investigate citrus PEN uptake by fungal spores. dsCrcB loaded PENs inhibited the CrcB gene expression in spores to alleviate <em>Penicillium italicum</em> resistance against prochloraz fungicide, which promoted resistant strains' mortality by 10-fold. Moreover, dsFUM21-loaded PENs suppressed the FUM21 gene expression in spores, which significantly reduced FB1 production in <em>Fusarium proliferatum</em>. These findings suggest that citrus PENs could potentially serve as nano-carriers to counter fungicide resistance and mycotoxin production in pathogenic plant fungi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106150
Jikun Yang , Tan Dai , Chuang Zhao , Zitong Wang , Jianqiang Miao , Xili Liu
Fluopimomide, developed by Shandong Sino-Agri United Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is a pyridinylmethyl-benzamide fungicide with good activity against plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic oomycetes. However, there is uncertainty surrounding the resistance risk of fluopimomide and its resistance mechanism in Phytophthora capsici. In this study, the baseline sensitivity of P. capsici to fluopimomide was established, and 106 P. capsici isolates shown sensitive to fluopimomide, with a mean EC50 value of 5.1892 ± 2.2613 μg/mL. Fungicide adaptation produced three fluopimomide-resistant P. capsici mutants, two of which exhibited considerably lower compound fitness index (CFI) than the parent strain, and one showed significantly improved CFI. While cross-resistance was observed between fluopimomide and fluopicolide, no cross-resistance was detected between fluopimomide and other fungicides. Overall, P. capsici presents a moderate resistance risk to fluopimomide. Two point mutations, G767E and K847R, were identified in the V-ATPase subunit a of P. capsici (PcVHA-a) in resistant mutants. These mutations were subsequently validated through site-directed mutagenesis and molecular docking assays, confirming their roles in conferring fluopimomide resistance in P. capsici.
{"title":"Resistance risk and resistance-associated point mutations in the target protein PcVHA-a of fluopimomide in Phytophthora capsici","authors":"Jikun Yang , Tan Dai , Chuang Zhao , Zitong Wang , Jianqiang Miao , Xili Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluopimomide, developed by Shandong Sino-Agri United Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is a pyridinylmethyl-benzamide fungicide with good activity against plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic oomycetes. However, there is uncertainty surrounding the resistance risk of fluopimomide and its resistance mechanism in <em>Phytophthora capsici</em>. In this study, the baseline sensitivity of <em>P</em>. <em>capsici</em> to fluopimomide was established, and 106 <em>P</em>. <em>capsici</em> isolates shown sensitive to fluopimomide, with a mean EC<sub>50</sub> value of 5.1892 ± 2.2613 μg/mL. Fungicide adaptation produced three fluopimomide-resistant <em>P</em>. <em>capsici</em> mutants, two of which exhibited considerably lower compound fitness index (CFI) than the parent strain, and one showed significantly improved CFI. While cross-resistance was observed between fluopimomide and fluopicolide, no cross-resistance was detected between fluopimomide and other fungicides. Overall, <em>P. capsici</em> presents a moderate resistance risk to fluopimomide. Two point mutations, G767E and K847R, were identified in the V-ATPase subunit a of <em>P</em>. <em>capsici</em> (PcVHA-a) in resistant mutants. These mutations were subsequently validated through site-directed mutagenesis and molecular docking assays, confirming their roles in conferring fluopimomide resistance in <em>P</em>. <em>capsici</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106155
Mojtaba Esmaeily , Wook Hyun Cha , Dae-Weon Lee , Minji Kwon , Dong-Hee Lee , Anders Vik , Yonggyun Kim
Excessive and unnecessary immune responses cause serious adverse effects due to self-tissue damage and energy consumption, particularly at the late stage of infection to terminate the induced immunity. Unlike mammals, which use long-chain fatty acid oxylipins, C18 oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids are suggested to act as immune resolvins in insects, including two epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acids (9,10-EpOME and 12,13-EpOME). This study investigated the physiological roles of EpOMEs in immune resolution in the lepidopteran insect, Maruca vitrata. The levels of two EpOMEs in the larvae increased during the late infection stage upon immune challenge. At their peak concentrations at 96 h post-infection (pi), both EpOMEs were found at similar levels: 323.18 pg/mg body weight for 9,10-EpOME and 322.07 pg/mg body weight for 12,13-EpOME. Both EpOMEs inhibited cellular and humoral immune responses, with 12,13-EpOME being more potent than 9,10-EpOME. Genes associated with EpOME synthase and degradation, identified as Mv-CYP1 and Mv-sEH, were detected in various developmental stages and tissues of M. vitrata. RNA interference (RNAi) targeting Mv-CYP1 failed to inhibit the immune response, whereas RNAi targeting Mv-sEH enhanced the immunosuppression. In contrast to the acute (< 12 h pi) immune response involving eicosanoid biosynthesis, the expression of these two genes linked to EpOME metabolism increased significantly at the late infection stage (> 12 h pi). Several alkoxide analogs of EpOME, with the epoxide group replaced by an alkoxide group, were synthesized; one such derivative demonstrated substantially greater efficacy than the natural EpOMEs in inhibiting the immune response. Additionally, using EpOME alkoxide significantly increased the effectiveness of microbial insecticides. Moreover, exposing young larvae to sublethal doses of EpOME alkoxide or sEH inhibitor induced severe developmental delays. These results suggest a novel strategy for insect pest control using insect immune resolvin analogs.
{"title":"EpOME mediates the immune resolution and its alkoxide analog enhances the virulence of microbial insecticides against the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata","authors":"Mojtaba Esmaeily , Wook Hyun Cha , Dae-Weon Lee , Minji Kwon , Dong-Hee Lee , Anders Vik , Yonggyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excessive and unnecessary immune responses cause serious adverse effects due to self-tissue damage and energy consumption, particularly at the late stage of infection to terminate the induced immunity. Unlike mammals, which use long-chain fatty acid oxylipins, C18 oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids are suggested to act as immune resolvins in insects, including two epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acids (9,10-EpOME and 12,13-EpOME). This study investigated the physiological roles of EpOMEs in immune resolution in the lepidopteran insect, <em>Maruca vitrata</em>. The levels of two EpOMEs in the larvae increased during the late infection stage upon immune challenge. At their peak concentrations at 96 h post-infection (pi), both EpOMEs were found at similar levels: 323.18 pg/mg body weight for 9,10-EpOME and 322.07 pg/mg body weight for 12,13-EpOME. Both EpOMEs inhibited cellular and humoral immune responses, with 12,13-EpOME being more potent than 9,10-EpOME. Genes associated with EpOME synthase and degradation, identified as <em>Mv-CYP1</em> and <em>Mv-sEH</em>, were detected in various developmental stages and tissues of <em>M. vitrata</em>. RNA interference (RNAi) targeting <em>Mv-CYP1</em> failed to inhibit the immune response, whereas RNAi targeting <em>Mv-sEH</em> enhanced the immunosuppression. In contrast to the acute (< 12 h pi) immune response involving eicosanoid biosynthesis, the expression of these two genes linked to EpOME metabolism increased significantly at the late infection stage (> 12 h pi). Several alkoxide analogs of EpOME, with the epoxide group replaced by an alkoxide group, were synthesized; one such derivative demonstrated substantially greater efficacy than the natural EpOMEs in inhibiting the immune response. Additionally, using EpOME alkoxide significantly increased the effectiveness of microbial insecticides. Moreover, exposing young larvae to sublethal doses of EpOME alkoxide or sEH inhibitor induced severe developmental delays. These results suggest a novel strategy for insect pest control using insect immune resolvin analogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106145
Zhenyu Zou , Xiaonuo Chen , Xiaojun Weng , Yuhan Guo , Yi Guan , Longbin Zhang
Rho4 is a member of the Rho-family small GTPases. In this study, we revealed the function of Rho4 and explored its mechanism involved in intracellular redox homeostasis in Beauveria bassiana, one of the most widely utilized filamentous entomopathogenic fungi. The disruption of Rho4 in B. bassiana resulted in significant phenotypic changes, such as fungal virulence, growth rate on different media, thermotolerance, germination, and conidiation. Integrated analysis of proteomic and transcriptomic data unveiled differential expression patterns of various redox-related genes and proteins in Δrho4, including the down-regulation of GST shown in proteomic and transcriptomic data, and the down-regulated gene expression levels of NOX, SOD, CAT, and GR in the transcriptome. Based on the bi-omics analysis, we focused on the impact of Rho4 in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis. A decreased ROS content observed in Δrho4 might be attributed to the reduced NOX activity, which subsequently affects the GSH-producing/consuming metabolisms, with the attenuated activities of GR and GST. The imbalanced redox homeostasis also resulted in the reduced enzyme activities of SOD and CAT. Exogenous oxides could partially complement the ROS level and rescue the growth defect in Δrho4 to a certain extent. Besides, BbGDI was initially identified as an interacting protein of Rho4 in entomopathogenic fungi. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the function and regulating mechanism of Rho4 in B. bassiana.
{"title":"Rho4 interacts with BbGDI and is essential for the biocontrol potential of Beauveria bassiana by maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis","authors":"Zhenyu Zou , Xiaonuo Chen , Xiaojun Weng , Yuhan Guo , Yi Guan , Longbin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rho4 is a member of the Rho-family small GTPases. In this study, we revealed the function of Rho4 and explored its mechanism involved in intracellular redox homeostasis in <em>Beauveria bassiana</em>, one of the most widely utilized filamentous entomopathogenic fungi. The disruption of Rho4 in <em>B. bassiana</em> resulted in significant phenotypic changes, such as fungal virulence, growth rate on different media, thermotolerance, germination, and conidiation. Integrated analysis of proteomic and transcriptomic data unveiled differential expression patterns of various redox-related genes and proteins in Δ<em>rho4</em>, including the down-regulation of GST shown in proteomic and transcriptomic data, and the down-regulated gene expression levels of NOX, SOD, CAT, and GR in the transcriptome. Based on the bi-omics analysis, we focused on the impact of Rho4 in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis. A decreased ROS content observed in Δ<em>rho4</em> might be attributed to the reduced NOX activity, which subsequently affects the GSH-producing/consuming metabolisms, with the attenuated activities of GR and GST. The imbalanced redox homeostasis also resulted in the reduced enzyme activities of SOD and CAT. Exogenous oxides could partially complement the ROS level and rescue the growth defect in Δ<em>rho4</em> to a certain extent. Besides, BbGDI was initially identified as an interacting protein of Rho4 in entomopathogenic fungi. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the function and regulating mechanism of Rho4 in <em>B. bassiana</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142327251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106152
Woonghee Lee , Garam An , Jinyoung Kim , Hojun Lee , Whasun Lim , Gwonhwa Song
The herbicide market is expanding rapidly due to the global increase in herbicide usage. Dairy cows are susceptible to herbicide exposure through the ingestion of contaminated plants, which can adversely affect the mammary gland health and reduce milk production. Dinitramine, a synthetic herbicide in the dinitroaniline family, is typically used to control weeds by inhibiting their sprouting and root development. While previous studies have demonstrated the cytotoxicity of dinitramine in aquatic organisms, research on its toxicity in cattle is limited. In this study, bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) were used to verify the detrimental effects on dairy cows, especially on the mammary glands. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of dinitramine on MAC-T cells and examined various cellular responses to dinitramine treatment, including alterations in apoptotic cells, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium dysregulation. Moreover, the expression levels of AKT and MAPK signaling proteins were confirmed in response to dinitramine treatment. Alterations in the mRNA levels of genes related to milk production and inflammatory response following dinitramine exposure were evaluated using quantitative PCR. Finally, we assessed the binding affinity between dinitramine and the target proteins using in silico molecular docking analysis. Overall, the cumulative evidence of the various toxic effects of dinitramine on MAC-T cells suggests its potential to reduce both milk yield and quality.
{"title":"In vitro and in silico assessment of cytotoxicity of dinitramine via calcium dysregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine mammary glands","authors":"Woonghee Lee , Garam An , Jinyoung Kim , Hojun Lee , Whasun Lim , Gwonhwa Song","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The herbicide market is expanding rapidly due to the global increase in herbicide usage. Dairy cows are susceptible to herbicide exposure through the ingestion of contaminated plants, which can adversely affect the mammary gland health and reduce milk production. Dinitramine, a synthetic herbicide in the dinitroaniline family, is typically used to control weeds by inhibiting their sprouting and root development. While previous studies have demonstrated the cytotoxicity of dinitramine in aquatic organisms, research on its toxicity in cattle is limited. In this study, bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) were used to verify the detrimental effects on dairy cows, especially on the mammary glands. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of dinitramine on MAC-T cells and examined various cellular responses to dinitramine treatment, including alterations in apoptotic cells, mitochondrial dysfunction, and calcium dysregulation. Moreover, the expression levels of AKT and MAPK signaling proteins were confirmed in response to dinitramine treatment. Alterations in the mRNA levels of genes related to milk production and inflammatory response following dinitramine exposure were evaluated using quantitative PCR. Finally, we assessed the binding affinity between dinitramine and the target proteins using <em>in silico</em> molecular docking analysis. Overall, the cumulative evidence of the various toxic effects of dinitramine on MAC-T cells suggests its potential to reduce both milk yield and quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106152"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental pollution caused by arsenic or its compounds is called arsenic pollution. Arsenic pollution mainly comes from people mining and smelting arsenic compounds. In addition, arsenic compounds' widespread use and production of arsenic-containing pesticides, arsenic-rich water used to irrigate farms, or high arsenic levels in foods caused by coal burning are all sources of arsenic contamination. Arsenic contamination poses a significant threat to global public health. It is reported that exposure to arsenic can induce severe renal injury. However, the underlying mechanism needs to be clarified. In this study, the arsenic exposure model in vivo and in vitro was used to explore the mechanism of arsenic-induced renal injury, especially the role of ferroptosis and its regulatory mechanism, and then to evaluate its anti-pollution effect by supplementing zinc. The results showed that arsenic significantly induced ferroptosis, characterized by up-regulating the expression of YAP and TFR in kidney and CIK cells and then increasing the levels of Fe2+ and ROS, lipid peroxidation, and iron metabolism. Microscopic observation revealed the shrinkage of mitochondria and the increase in membrane density. In addition, molecular docking and inhibitor experiments further confirmed that arsenic is involved in the process of ferroptosis by activating YAP and TFR. These results clarify the harmful effects of arsenic on carp kidneys and its mechanism and highlight the critical interactions between the YAP-TFR pathway, ROS, and ferroptosis. Importantly, this study found that zinc can reduce ferroptosis caused by the arsenic-activated YAP-TFR pathway by inhibiting YAP activation and lipid peroxidation.
{"title":"New insights into zinc alleviating renal toxicity of arsenic-exposed carp (Cyprinus carpio) through YAP-TFR/ROS signaling pathway","authors":"Hongmin Lu, Yue Zhang, Xin Zhang, Ruoqi Wang, Tiantian Guo, Qi Wang, Hongjing Zhao, Mingwei Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollution caused by arsenic or its compounds is called arsenic pollution. Arsenic pollution mainly comes from people mining and smelting arsenic compounds. In addition, arsenic compounds' widespread use and production of arsenic-containing pesticides, arsenic-rich water used to irrigate farms, or high arsenic levels in foods caused by coal burning are all sources of arsenic contamination. Arsenic contamination poses a significant threat to global public health. It is reported that exposure to arsenic can induce severe renal injury. However, the underlying mechanism needs to be clarified. In this study, the arsenic exposure model in vivo and in vitro was used to explore the mechanism of arsenic-induced renal injury, especially the role of ferroptosis and its regulatory mechanism, and then to evaluate its anti-pollution effect by supplementing zinc. The results showed that arsenic significantly induced ferroptosis, characterized by up-regulating the expression of YAP and TFR in kidney and CIK cells and then increasing the levels of Fe<sup>2+</sup> and ROS, lipid peroxidation, and iron metabolism. Microscopic observation revealed the shrinkage of mitochondria and the increase in membrane density. In addition, molecular docking and inhibitor experiments further confirmed that arsenic is involved in the process of ferroptosis by activating YAP and TFR. These results clarify the harmful effects of arsenic on carp kidneys and its mechanism and highlight the critical interactions between the YAP-TFR pathway, ROS, and ferroptosis. Importantly, this study found that zinc can reduce ferroptosis caused by the arsenic-activated YAP-TFR pathway by inhibiting YAP activation and lipid peroxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106154
Jeffrey G. Scott , Oshneil S. Baker , Anastacia E. Dressel , Rachel H. Norris , Edwin R. Burgess IV
Decreased cuticular penetration has been documented as a mechanism of resistance in several insects, yet this mechanism remains poorly understood. Levels of resistance conferred, effects of the physicochemical properties on the manifestation of resistance and the effects of different routes of exposure are largely unknown. We recently selected a strain (FlurR) of house fly that was >11,000-fold resistance to fluralaner, and decreased cuticular penetration was one of the mechanisms of resistance (Norris et al., 2023). We sought to isolate the decreased penetration mechanism from FlurR into the background of the susceptible aabys strain, and to characterize the protection it conferred to fluralaner and other insecticides. We successfully isolated the decreased penetration mechanism and found that it conferred 7.1-fold resistance to fluralaner, and 1.4- to 4.9-fold cross-resistance to five other insecticides by topical application. Neither mass, metabolic lability, vapor pressure, nor logP explained the differences in the resistance ratios. The mechanism also conferred cross resistance by residual and feeding exposure, although at reduced levels compared to topical application. Remaining data gaps in our understanding of this mechanism are discussed.
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of the decreased cuticular penetration mechanism of fluralaner resistance in the house fly, Musca domestica","authors":"Jeffrey G. Scott , Oshneil S. Baker , Anastacia E. Dressel , Rachel H. Norris , Edwin R. Burgess IV","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decreased cuticular penetration has been documented as a mechanism of resistance in several insects, yet this mechanism remains poorly understood. Levels of resistance conferred, effects of the physicochemical properties on the manifestation of resistance and the effects of different routes of exposure are largely unknown. We recently selected a strain (FlurR) of house fly that was >11,000-fold resistance to fluralaner, and decreased cuticular penetration was one of the mechanisms of resistance (<span><span>Norris et al., 2023</span></span>). We sought to isolate the decreased penetration mechanism from FlurR into the background of the susceptible aabys strain, and to characterize the protection it conferred to fluralaner and other insecticides. We successfully isolated the decreased penetration mechanism and found that it conferred 7.1-fold resistance to fluralaner, and 1.4- to 4.9-fold cross-resistance to five other insecticides by topical application. Neither mass, metabolic lability, vapor pressure, nor logP explained the differences in the resistance ratios. The mechanism also conferred cross resistance by residual and feeding exposure, although at reduced levels compared to topical application. Remaining data gaps in our understanding of this mechanism are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 106154"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号