Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献_第5页

Identification and validating native biocontrol bacteria Bacillus strain MZ3-12 against bacterial wilt 本地防青枯病菌芽孢杆菌MZ3-12的鉴定与验证

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106943

Xiao Zhou , Yue Qing , Yanping Wang , Haibin Deng , Jun Wang , Mi Kuang , Xuefeng Luo , Chenran Zhao , Zheng Sun , Ye Wang , Liang Yang , Wei Ding

Tobacco bacterial wilt is a major threat to sustainable tobacco agriculture. To identify native biocontrol agents for managing this disease, this study integrated rhizosphere microbiome profiling with functional screening. Comparative 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing showed that disease-affected soils had higher abundances of pathogen-linked genera, while healthy soils were enriched in beneficial microbes such as Bacillus and Streptomyces. Then, we isolated thirty potential bacteria from healthy rhizospheres soil, and investigated the effect of screening potential bacteria on R. solanacearum growth, siderophore secretion, protease activity, and cellulase activity. Among these bacteria, four potential biocontrol bacteria were screened, including three Bacillus MZ3–12, MZ4–13, MZ9–28, and a Glutamicibacter MZ8–15. These strains significantly inhibited R. solanacearum growth and secreted highly active proteases, cellulases, and siderophores. They also promoted tobacco growth, increased plant dry weight and fresh weight, and enhanced the expression levels of genes related to the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene pathways. Furthermore, MZ3–12 displays considerable control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt in greenhouse and field conditions. Our results confirm that combining microbiome analytics with culture-based screening is an effective way to identify environment-friendly biocontrol agents, highlighting the role of Bacillus MZ3–12 in maintaining rhizosphere health and managing tobacco bacterial wilt.

烟草青枯病是烟草农业可持续发展的主要威胁。为了确定控制这种疾病的本地生物防治剂，本研究将根际微生物组分析与功能筛选结合起来。对比16S rDNA扩增子测序结果显示，患病土壤中病原菌属丰度较高，而健康土壤中有益微生物如芽孢杆菌和链霉菌含量较高。然后，从健康根际土壤中分离出30株潜在细菌，研究潜在细菌筛选对茄青霉生长、铁载体分泌、蛋白酶活性和纤维素酶活性的影响。从这些细菌中筛选出4种具有生物防治潜力的细菌，包括3种芽孢杆菌MZ3-12、MZ4-13、MZ9-28和1种谷氨酰胺杆菌MZ8-15。这些菌株显著抑制番茄红霉的生长，并分泌高活性的蛋白酶、纤维素酶和铁载体。它们还能促进烟草生长，增加植株干重和鲜重，并提高水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯途径相关基因的表达水平。在温室和田间条件下，MZ3-12对烟草青枯病均有较好的防治效果。我们的研究结果证实，将微生物组分析与基于培养的筛选相结合是鉴定环境友好型生物防治剂的有效方法，突出了芽孢杆菌MZ3-12在维持根际健康和管理烟草青枯病方面的作用。

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引用次数: 0

MaNrg1, a transcriptional regulator, negatively regulates the UV-B tolerance and governs the microcycle conidiation in Metarhizium acridum MaNrg1是一种转录调节因子，负向调节绿僵菌对UV-B的耐受性并调控微循环条件

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106938

Xiaobin Hu , Yan Li , Yuxian Xia , Kai Jin

Microcycle conidiation (MC) displayed a great potential for enhancing the yield and quality of conidia in entomopathogenic fungus. Elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms of MC is helpful to improve mycoinsecticide efficacy through optimized conidiation. Here, we reveal that the MaNrg1 gene encodes a 395-amino-acid protein containing two C2H2 zinc finger domains in the model entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium acridum. Disruption of MaNrg1 reduced half-germination time and decreased conidial yield by ∼46 % at day 15. The MaNrg1-disruption strain exhibited enhanced UV resistance but greater sensitivity to oxidative stress (60 mM H₂O₂), while heat tolerance and pathogenicity remained unaffected. ΔMaNrg1 shifted from MC to normal conidiation (NC) on SYA medium, accompanied by delaying conidiophore formation and reducing conidial yield by >33 %. Genetic interaction studies indicated that MaNrg1 and MaPacC (a Rim101 homologous gene) mutually regulate expression, yet sodium nitroprusside (4 mM) rescued MC only in ΔMaNrg1 (not ΔMaPacC), demonstrating distinct regulatory mechanisms. The results of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that MaNrg1 deletion downregulated most NO metabolism genes, with the exception of the Hemc gene. Quantification of intracellular NO levels during MC revealed that MaNrg1 deletion resulted in a significant reduction in intracellular NO content. Thus, MaNrg1 governs MC via NO-related metabolic pathways in M. acridum. Transcriptomics of SYA-cultured strains identified 134 and 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 8 h and 24 h, enriched in metabolic pathways (glycolysis, amino acid metabolism). Among these DEGs, two target genes that directly interact with MaNrg1 were identified through yeast one-hybrid assays.

微循环分生在提高昆虫病原真菌分生孢子产量和质量方面具有很大的潜力。阐明MC的分子调控机制有助于通过优化条件来提高真菌杀虫剂的药效。在这里，我们发现MaNrg1基因在模式昆虫病原真菌Metarhizium acridum中编码一个395个氨基酸的蛋白，包含两个C2H2锌指结构域。在第15天，MaNrg1的破坏减少了半萌发时间和分生孢子产量约46%。manrg1断裂菌株表现出增强的抗紫外线能力，但对氧化应激（60 mM H₂O₂）更敏感，而耐热性和致病性未受影响。ΔMaNrg1在SYA培养基上从MC转变为NC，同时延缓了分生孢子的形成，使分生孢子产量降低了33%。遗传相互作用研究表明，MaNrg1和MaPacC（一个Rim101同源基因）相互调控表达，而硝普钠（4 mM）仅在ΔMaNrg1（而不是ΔMaPacC）中拯救MC，显示出不同的调控机制。逆转录定量聚合酶链反应结果显示，MaNrg1缺失使除Hemc基因外的大部分NO代谢基因下调。MC期间细胞内NO水平的定量分析显示，MaNrg1缺失导致细胞内NO含量显著降低。因此，MaNrg1通过与no相关的M. acridum代谢途径调控MC。sya培养菌株在8 h和24 h转录组学鉴定出134和112个差异表达基因（DEGs），这些基因在代谢途径（糖酵解、氨基酸代谢）中富集。在这些deg中，通过酵母单杂交试验鉴定了两个直接与MaNrg1相互作用的靶基因。

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引用次数: 0

Post-transcriptional regulation of UGT349A13 through a microRNA, PC-5p-86205_18, influences afidopyropen susceptibility in Aphis craccivora 通过微rna PC-5p-86205_18对UGT349A13的转录后调控影响豚鼠嗜核杆菌的敏感性

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106939

Yuanxue Yang, Aiyu Wang, Chao Xue, Ming Zhao

As key detoxification enzymes, UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are known to underpin insecticide tolerance in pests such as Aphis craccivora. Yet, their post-transcriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) remains largely unexplored in this major crop pest. In the present study, we conducted a genomic analysis that identified 37 UGTs in Aphis craccivora. To investigate their role in susceptibility to the afidopyropen, we performed synergism bioassays following LC₅₀ concentration of afidopyropen exposure, combined with UGT activity measurements, revealed a critical contribution of UGTs to afidopyropen susceptibility. Exposure to afidopyropen resulted in more than a 2-fold increase in the expression levels of UGT343A37 and UGT349A13. Functional validation via RNA interference (RNAi) confirmed that suppression of UGT349A13 alone significantly increased the sensitivity of A. craccivora to afidopyropen. To elucidate the upstream regulatory mechanism, bioinformatic prediction identified candidate miRNAs targeting UGT349A13. To validate regulatory function, A. craccivora fed the synthetic agomir-PC-5p-86205_18, which reduced UGT349A13 transcript levels, correlating with increased susceptibility to afidopyropen. Then, molecular interaction specificity between PC-5p-86205_18 and UGT349A13 was definitively established by dual luciferase reporter assay. This finding demonstrated that PC-5p-86205_18 contributes to afidopyropen susceptibility in A. craccivora by post-transcriptionally regulating UGT349A13. This finding not only deepens our understanding of detoxification mechanisms but also provides a potential molecular target for developing strategies to manage afidopyropen resistance.

作为关键的解毒酶，已知udp -糖基转移酶（UGTs）是蚜虫（Aphis craccivora）等害虫对杀虫剂耐受的基础。然而，它们的转录后调控microRNAs （miRNAs）在这一主要作物害虫中仍未被广泛探索。在本研究中，我们进行了基因组分析，鉴定了37个ugt。为了研究它们在嗜酸纤维敏感性中的作用，我们在嗜酸纤维暴露LC50浓度后进行了协同生物测定，并结合UGT活性测量，揭示了UGT对嗜酸纤维敏感性的重要贡献。暴露于粘连素导致UGT343A37和UGT349A13的表达水平增加2倍以上。通过RNA干扰（RNAi）功能验证证实，单独抑制UGT349A13可显著提高A. craccivora对嗜酸性纤维的敏感性。为了阐明上游调控机制，生物信息学预测鉴定了靶向UGT349A13的候选mirna。为了验证调节功能，我们将A. craccivora饲养合成的agomir-PC-5p-86205_18，该基因降低了UGT349A13转录物的水平，与对嗜粘细胞的易感性增加相关。然后，通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验确定PC-5p-86205_18与UGT349A13的分子相互作用特异性。这一发现表明PC-5p-86205_18通过转录后调控UGT349A13参与了A. craccivora的嗜核杆菌敏感性。这一发现不仅加深了我们对解毒机制的理解，而且为开发管理嗜核细胞抗性的策略提供了潜在的分子靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Carnitine acetyltransferase acts as a unidirectional compensatory enzyme for choline acetyltransferase activity in Nilaparvata lugens 肉毒碱乙酰转移酶是豚鼠胆碱乙酰转移酶活性的单向代偿酶

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106937

Zhen Zhang , Jingting Wang , Tianshun He , Tianye Hu , Xun Wu , Huihui Zhang , Na Yu , Zewen Liu

Carnitine/choline acyltransferase family facilitates acyl-group transport and regulates acetylcholine (ACh) homeostasis in insects. Five members of this family were identified in Nilaparvata lugens, among which choline acyltransferase (ChAT) and carnitine acyltransferase (CrAT) are phylogenetically closely related. Silencing ChAT or inhibiting ChAT activity by omeprazole significantly upregulated CrAT expression, whereas CrAT silencing did not affect ChAT expression. Although CrAT knockdown reduced ChAT activity in vivo, ChAT silencing did not alter CrAT activity, indicating a unidirectional compensatory relationship. Molecular docking supported choline-binding capability of CrAT, supporting its role in ACh synthesis. While CrAT silencing alone did not cause mortality, dual silencing ChAT and CrAT significantly increased insecticide susceptibility compared to ChAT silencing alone. These results demonstrate that CrAT upregulation would partially compensate for ChAT deficiency. To overcome this compensation, we screened for dual-target inhibitors and identified 5-hydroxy omeprazole, which exhibits high binding affinity for both ChAT and CrAT. Collectively, this study reveals a CrAT-mediated compensatory mechanism in insect ACh synthesis, highlighting the need to account for such adaptive responses in designing novel insecticides.

肉毒碱/胆碱酰基转移酶家族促进酰基转运并调节昆虫乙酰胆碱（ACh）稳态。该家族共鉴定出5个成员，其中胆碱酰基转移酶（ChAT）和肉碱酰基转移酶（CrAT）亲缘关系较近。奥美拉唑沉默ChAT或抑制ChAT活性可显著上调CrAT表达，而CrAT沉默不影响ChAT表达。虽然CrAT敲除降低了体内ChAT活性，但ChAT沉默并未改变CrAT活性，表明存在单向补偿关系。分子对接支持CrAT的胆碱结合能力，支持其在乙酰胆碱合成中的作用。虽然单独沉默CrAT不会导致死亡，但与单独沉默ChAT相比，双重沉默ChAT和CrAT显著增加了杀虫剂的敏感性。这些结果表明，CrAT的上调可以部分补偿ChAT的不足。为了克服这种补偿，我们筛选了双靶点抑制剂，并确定了5-羟基奥美拉唑，它对ChAT和CrAT都具有高结合亲和力。总的来说，本研究揭示了crat介导的昆虫乙酰胆碱合成补偿机制，强调了在设计新型杀虫剂时考虑这种适应性反应的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-omics characterization of fatty acid–driven contact pheromone biosynthesis in Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with implications for pest management 油彩单家蝇（鞘翅目：天牛科）脂肪酸驱动接触信息素生物合成的多组学特征及其对害虫防治的意义

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106935

Yiming Niu, Ling Cheng, Nipeng Qian, Shixiang Zong, Jing Tao

The trunk-borer Monochamus saltuarius is a major vector of the pine wood nematode in Eurasia, and its strong reproductive capacity heightens the risk of pathogen spread. Cuticular compounds, the main constituents of contact pheromones, mediate close-range chemical communication. In M. saltuarius, such interactions depend largely on female-derived contact pheromones, yet their biosynthetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address these gaps, we employed an integrated chemical-omics approach. First, chemical extraction identified 21 cuticular compounds, most of which were long-chain molecules. Among them, pentacosane (C₂₅H₅₂) emerged as a key component, showing low abundance in sexually immature females, higher levels at maturity, and clear fluctuations after mating. Second, metabolomic analyses, including differential analysis, trend analysis, and WGCNA, consistently highlighted fatty acid metabolism as the central pathway in pheromone biosynthesis and revealed hexadecanoic acid as a critical precursor. Third, cuticular transcriptome sequencing identified 72 pheromone biosynthesis genes, with bioinformatic analyses further confirming the dominant role of fatty acid metabolism. Notably, ELO5 exhibited high connectivity within the protein interaction network, suggesting a critical regulatory role. Integrated metabolomic–transcriptomic analyses revealed coordinated gene–metabolite interactions. RNAi experiments further confirmed the critical role of the MsalELO5 in pheromone biosynthesis. Overall, this study identifies key genes and precursor metabolites, advancing our understanding of pheromone biosynthesis and supporting the development of pheromone-based pest management strategies.

松材线虫在欧亚大陆的主要传播媒介是松材线虫，其强大的繁殖能力增加了病原体传播的风险。表皮化合物是接触信息素的主要成分，介导近距离化学通讯。在saltuarius中，这种相互作用主要依赖于雌性来源的接触信息素，但其生物合成机制仍然知之甚少。为了解决这些差距，我们采用了综合化学组学方法。首先，化学提取鉴定出21种表皮化合物，其中大部分为长链分子。其中，戊烷（C25H52）作为关键成分出现，在性未成熟的雌性中丰度较低，成熟时丰度较高，交配后波动明显。其次，代谢组学分析，包括差异分析、趋势分析和WGCNA，一致强调脂肪酸代谢是信息素生物合成的中心途径，并揭示了十六烷酸是一个关键的前体。第三，表皮转录组测序鉴定出72个信息素生物合成基因，生物信息学分析进一步证实了脂肪酸代谢的主导作用。值得注意的是，ELO5在蛋白质相互作用网络中表现出高度的连通性，表明其具有关键的调节作用。综合代谢组学-转录组学分析揭示了协调的基因-代谢物相互作用。RNAi实验进一步证实了MsalELO5在信息素生物合成中的关键作用。总的来说，本研究确定了关键基因和前体代谢物，促进了我们对信息素生物合成的理解，并支持基于信息素的害虫管理策略的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Research on HaNRX, a potential RNAi target gene in Helicoverpa armigera 棉铃虫RNAi潜在靶基因HaNRX的研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106936

Rui Han , Dongdong Chu , Zhibin Hao , Haichao Li , Xuexia Miao , Shiheng An , Ruobing Guan

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, a widespread lepidopteran pest, poses a significant threat to global agricultural production. RNA interference (RNAi) technology has emerged as a promising tool for next-generation pest control; however, identifying highly effective target genes remains a critical challenge. This study focuses on Neurexin (NRX), a synaptic cell adhesion protein essential for synapse formation and function, which has been poorly characterized in lepidopteran species. The insecticidal effects of RNAi-mediated silencing of the H. armigera neurexin-4 (HaNRX) gene were evaluated in both first- and fourth-instar larvae, and the potential of plant-mediated RNAi for pest management was assessed. HaNRX knockdown, achieved through either dsRNA feeding or injection, significantly impaired larval growth and development. Furthermore, feeding on transgenic tobacco expressing dsHaNRX resulted in developmental delays in cotton bollworm larvae. In line with these results, suppression of the NRX ortholog in Spodoptera frugiperda also led to effective control of early-instar larvae. These findings highlight plant-mediated RNAi as a promising strategy for managing H. armigera and position NRX as a valuable target for future RNAi-based pest control approaches.

棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）是一种广泛存在的鳞翅目害虫，对全球农业生产构成重大威胁。RNA干扰（RNAi）技术已成为下一代害虫防治的一种有前途的工具；然而，确定高效靶基因仍然是一个关键的挑战。这项研究的重点是Neurexin (NRX)，一种突触细胞粘附蛋白，对突触的形成和功能至关重要，在鳞翅目物种中研究甚少。研究了RNAi介导的棉铃虫神经素-4 （HaNRX）基因沉默对1龄和4龄棉铃虫的杀虫效果，并评估了植物介导的RNAi在害虫防治中的潜力。通过dsRNA喂养或注射实现的HaNRX敲低显著损害了幼虫的生长和发育。此外，取食表达dsHaNRX的转基因烟草会导致棉铃虫幼虫发育迟缓。与此结果一致，抑制NRX同源基因也能有效控制夜蛾早期幼虫。这些发现强调了植物介导的RNAi是一种很有前途的管理棉蚜的策略，并将NRX定位为未来基于RNAi的害虫防治方法的有价值的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Antagonistic interaction of chlorpyrifos and cadmium in diamondback moth: Metabolic and toxicological insights 毒死蜱与镉在小菜蛾体内的拮抗作用：代谢和毒理学研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106933

Yi-Jun Wu , Kelai Kang , Quangen Wu , Xiaohua Song , Qilian Qin

The management of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella; Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), a major pest of cruciferous vegetables, relies heavily on the use of insecticides. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used insecticide in agriculture, is usually used for the control of pest insects including P. xylostella. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely presented in industry and some agrochemicals like fertilizers, which can persist in the environment. Despite the frequent co-occurrence of CPF and Cd as environmental pollutants, the combined toxicity of the two chemicals to insects has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we investigated the interactive effects of CPF and Cd on P. xylostella larvae using toxicity bioassays, biochemical analyses, and GC–MS-based metabonomics. The results showed that both chemicals inhibited the antioxidant enzyme activity with an antagonistic effect. In addition, CPF and Cd exposure altered a range of metabolites including valine, isoleucine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan, malic acid, butanoic acid, α-glycerophosphoric acid, pentanedioic acid, and deoxyribose. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that D-galactofuranose may serve as a biomarker for the co-exposure to CPF and Cd. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that both CPF and Cd induce oxidative damage in P. xylostella, and they interact in an antagonistic manner by suppressing antioxidant capacity and disrupting energy and amino acids metabolism. Environmental Cd likely interferes with CPF toxicity through antagonistic effects on oxidative stress and key metabolic pathways.

小菜蛾（小菜蛾；鳞翅目：小菜蛾科）是十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫，对小菜蛾的管理严重依赖于杀虫剂的使用。毒死蜱（Chlorpyrifos， CPF）是一种广泛应用于农业的杀虫剂，通常用于防治小菜蛾等害虫。镉（Cd）是一种重金属，广泛存在于工业和一些农用化学品中，如化肥，它可以在环境中持续存在。尽管CPF和Cd作为环境污染物经常共存，但这两种化学物质对昆虫的联合毒性尚未得到充分的研究。本研究通过毒性生物测定、生化分析和gc - ms代谢组学研究了CPF和Cd对小菜蛾幼虫的交互作用。结果表明，两种化学物质均对抗氧化酶活性有拮抗作用。此外，CPF和Cd暴露改变了一系列代谢物，包括缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、苹果酸、丁酸、α-甘油磷酸、戊二酸和脱氧核糖。代谢组学分析进一步显示，d -半乳糖呋喃糖可能作为CPF和Cd共暴露的生物标志物。综上所述，这些发现表明CPF和Cd都诱导了小菜蛾的氧化损伤，并且它们通过抑制抗氧化能力和破坏能量和氨基酸代谢以拮抗方式相互作用。环境镉可能通过对氧化应激和关键代谢途径的拮抗作用干扰CPF毒性。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Identification of an α-galactosidase with high affinity and synergistic activity against Bacillus thuringiensis App6Aa2 toxin in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus” [Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology volume 208 (2025) 106282/250305–004316] “鉴定一种对苏云金芽孢杆菌App6Aa2毒素具有高亲和力和增效活性的α-半乳苷酶”[农药生物化学与生理卷208(2025)106282/250305-004316]的更正。

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106925

Yajie Guo , Yanyue Zhou , Jun Li , Mingqing Weng , Yunzhu Sun , Songqing Wu , Chunlan Lian

引用次数: 0

Aedes albopictus CYP6Z8 metabolizes multiple AChE-inhibiting insecticides 白纹伊蚊CYP6Z8代谢多种抑制疼痛的杀虫剂

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106934

Yuhan Zhao , Xiaojie Zhou , Mei Li , Xinghui Qiu

The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus transmits several arboviruses, including chikungunya, Zika, and dengue, posing serious public health threats. The excessive use of insecticides has led to increasing resistance to commonly applied insecticides in this species. We previously observed that enhanced expression of a CYP6Z8 homolog (AalbCYP6Z8) was associated with insecticide resistance in two field populations of Ae. albopictus; however, its capacity in insecticide metabolism had not been biochemically characterized. In this study, to explore the potential role of AalbCYP6Z8 in insecticide metabolism, a fully functional enzyme system was reconstituted in vitro by using Escherichia coli–produced recombinant AalbCYP6Z8 and NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase along with cytochrome b5. Our metabolism assays showed that CYP6Z8 was capable of metabolizing organophosphates (temephos and malathion) and carbamates (propoxur and bendiocarb), but not pyrethroids (deltamethrin and permethrin). Mass spectrometry analyses tentatively identified the structures of specific metabolites, revealing that AalbCYP6Z8 transforms organophosphates through oxidative desulfurization and carbamates through dealkylation and hydroxylation. This work demonstrates that AalbCYP6Z8 is a versatile metabolizer of acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides.

亚洲虎蚊白纹伊蚊传播多种虫媒病毒，包括基孔肯雅热、寨卡和登革热，对公共卫生构成严重威胁。过量使用杀虫剂导致该物种对常用杀虫剂的抗性增强。我们之前观察到CYP6Z8同源物（AalbCYP6Z8）的表达增强与两个大田种群的杀虫剂抗性有关。蚊;然而，其杀虫剂代谢能力尚未得到生物化学表征。为了探索AalbCYP6Z8在杀虫剂代谢中的潜在作用，本研究利用大肠杆菌产生的重组AalbCYP6Z8和nadph依赖性细胞色素P450还原酶以及细胞色素b5在体外构建了一个功能完善的酶系统。我们的代谢实验表明CYP6Z8能够代谢有机磷（双硫磷和马拉硫磷）和氨基甲酸酯（残杀威和苯虫威），但不能代谢拟除虫菊酯（溴氰菊酯和氯菊酯）。质谱分析初步确定了特定代谢物的结构，揭示了AalbCYP6Z8通过氧化脱硫转化有机磷酸盐，通过脱烷基和羟基化转化氨基甲酸酯。这项工作表明，AalbCYP6Z8是乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制杀虫剂的多功能代谢物。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing biological control and advanced technologies for sustainable wheat rust management: An integrated approach 利用生物防治和先进技术进行小麦锈病可持续管理：一种综合方法

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106931

Johannes Mapuranga, Wenxiang Yang

Wheat rusts caused by biotrophic fungi of the genus Puccinia continuously threaten global wheat production and food security. The rapid evolution of virulent races, and the limitations of chemical fungicides, including environmental contamination, human health concerns, and resistance development, necessitate a shift towards integrated management strategies. This review explores biocontrol agents (BCAs), including fungal (Trichoderma spp., Cladosporium cladosporioides), bacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas spp.), and actinomycetes (Streptomyces spp.), as foundational components of wheat rusts management. We highlight their modes of action such as mycoparasitism, antibiosis, competition, and the induction of systemic resistance. Additionally, we explore how cutting-edge adjunct technologies can enhance the efficacy and sustainability of BCAs. These include nano-formulations, for targeted antimicrobial actions and plant defense potentiation; plant extracts and antimicrobial peptides as natural defense elicitors; and artificial intelligence (AI) tools, for presymptomatic detection, severity quantification, epidemic forecasting, and early warning systems that enable precise application of BCAs and nano-formulations. While BCAs, nanoformulations, plant extracts and AI-driven tools offer powerful, environmentally benign alternatives capable of significantly reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals, chemical fungicides remain an essential component of current wheat rusts management, particularly during severe epidemics or when rapid knockdown of inoculum is required. A truly integrated and sustainable strategy therefore combines these novel approaches with the judicious, resistance-management-oriented use of effective chemical fungicides applied according to economic thresholds and in rotation or mixture to delay resistance development, thereby maximizing durability and minimizing environmental impact. However, the successful translation of this strategy to the field hinges on overcoming key challenges in formulation stability, scalable production, and seamless integration into existing and chemical-based agricultural practices to mitigate the impact of wheat rusts and safeguard global wheat yields and food security.

由小麦锈病属生物营养真菌引起的小麦锈病持续威胁着全球小麦生产和粮食安全。有毒菌种的迅速演变以及化学杀菌剂的局限性，包括环境污染、人类健康问题和耐药性的发展，都需要转向综合管理战略。本文综述了生物防治剂（bca），包括真菌（木霉，枝孢杆菌），细菌（枯草芽孢杆菌，假单胞菌）和放线菌（链霉菌），作为小麦锈病管理的基本组成部分。我们强调了它们的作用模式，如真菌寄生、抗生素、竞争和诱导全身抵抗。此外，我们还探讨了尖端辅助技术如何提高bca的有效性和可持续性。这些包括纳米制剂，用于靶向抗菌作用和植物防御增强；植物提取物和抗菌肽作为天然防御激发剂的研究以及人工智能（AI）工具，用于症状前检测、严重程度量化、流行病预测和早期预警系统，使bca和纳米制剂能够精确应用。虽然bca、纳米配方、植物提取物和人工智能驱动的工具提供了强大的、无害环境的替代品，能够显著减少对合成化学品的依赖，但化学杀菌剂仍然是当前小麦锈病管理的重要组成部分，特别是在严重流行期间或需要快速击倒接种物时。因此，一个真正综合和可持续的战略将这些新方法与明智的、以抗性管理为导向的有效化学杀菌剂的使用结合起来，根据经济阈值和轮作或混合施用，以延缓耐药性的发展，从而最大限度地提高持久性和减少对环境的影响。然而，将这一战略成功地转化到田间，取决于克服配方稳定性、可扩展生产以及与现有和基于化学的农业实践无缝整合方面的关键挑战，以减轻小麦锈病的影响，保障全球小麦产量和粮食安全。

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