Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

Corrigendum to "Both target-site and non-target-site resistance mechanisms confer mesosulfuron-methyl resistance in Silene conoidea L." [Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 218(2026) 106905]. “靶点和非靶点抗性机制都赋予了Silene conoidea L.中硫隆-甲基抗性”的勘误表[农药生物化学与生理218(2026)106905]。

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106964

Xinhui Xue, Hailan Cui, Shen'ao Hu, Hong Ma, Shouhui Wei, Hongjuan Huang, Xiangju Li, Zhaofeng Huang

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to "Identification of an α-galactosidase with high affinity and synergistic activity against Bacillus thuringiensis App6Aa2 toxin in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus" [Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology volume 208 (2025) 106282/250305-004316]. “鉴定一种对苏云金芽孢杆菌App6Aa2毒素具有高亲和力和增效活性的α-半乳苷酶”[农药生物化学与生理卷208(2025)106282/250305-004316]的更正。

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106925

Yajie Guo, Yanyue Zhou, Jun Li, Mingqing Weng, Yunzhu Sun, Songqing Wu, Chunlan Lian

引用次数: 0

Antifungal activity and mechanism of thymol against Colletotrichum fructicola that causes litchi anthracnose 百里酚对荔枝炭疽病病原菌核桃炭疽菌的抑菌活性及机制研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106982

Shuzhe Chen , Taixu Chen , Xin Lv , Xiaozhen Liu , Tianzhao Hao , Jie Meng , Sirui Cheng , Qinghe Chen

Litchi anthracnose, induced by Colletotrichum fructicola, represents a significant threat to litchi cultivation, being among the most destructive diseases impacting its yield. Accordingly, identifying eco-friendly and effective antifungal compounds has become an urgent priority. In this study, we screened ten plant-derived essential oil components and identified thymol as the most potent inhibitor of C. fructicola. In vitro experiments revealed that thymol notably restricted both mycelial growth and spore germination of the pathogen. Microscopic analysis revealed severe morphological and ultrastructural damage to hyphae, including disrupted cell membrane integrity and leakage of intracellular contents. Transcriptomic profiling further indicated that thymol triggered widespread transcriptional reprogramming, including genes related to redox processes, oxidoreductase activity, and metabolic pathways, suggesting that oxidative stress and metabolic disturbance contribute to its antifungal effect. Moreover, thymol elevated the activities of defense-related enzymes in litchi fruits, indicating activation of host resistance. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that thymol exerts strong antifungal activity through membrane disruption, redox imbalance, and host defense activation, highlighting its potential as a natural and eco-friendly alternative for the management of litchi anthracnose.

荔枝炭疽病是由荔枝炭疽菌（Colletotrichum fructicola）引起的一种严重威胁荔枝种植的病害，是影响荔枝产量最具破坏性的病害之一。因此，寻找环保有效的抗真菌化合物已成为当务之急。在本研究中，我们筛选了10种植物源性精油成分，并鉴定出百里香酚是最有效的果霉抑制剂。体外实验表明，百里香酚对病原菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有明显的抑制作用。显微分析显示菌丝形态和超微结构严重受损，包括细胞膜完整性破坏和细胞内内容物渗漏。转录组学分析进一步表明，百里香酚引发了广泛的转录重编程，包括与氧化还原过程、氧化还原酶活性和代谢途径相关的基因，这表明氧化应激和代谢紊乱有助于其抗真菌作用。此外，百里香酚提高了荔枝果实中防御相关酶的活性，表明激活了宿主的抗性。总的来说，这些发现表明百里香酚通过膜破坏、氧化还原失衡和宿主防御激活发挥强大的抗真菌活性，突出了其作为荔枝炭疽病管理的天然和环保替代品的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Hepatotoxicity of environmental acetamiprid and cadmium in Pelophylax nigromaculatus: An integrated analysis from histopathology to molecular mechanisms 环境对乙酰米虫脒和镉对黑斑鱼的肝毒性：从组织病理学到分子机制的综合分析

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106984

Limin Tian , Shaoqin Chen , Renyue Ming , Ya Yang , Li Wang , Yanhua Wang , Ping Lu

In agricultural ecosystems, pesticides and heavy metals often coexist as understudied threats to ecological health. Although traditional risk assessments focus on single contaminants, the combined effects, particularly on ecologically relevant amphibians such as Pelophylax nigromaculatus, remain poorly understood. Among these pollutants, the neonicotinoid acetamiprid and cadmium are widely detected in aquatic environments, yet their combined hepatotoxicity in adult amphibians has not been adequately investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the individual and combined toxic effects of acetamiprid and cadmium in P. nigromaculatus at environmentally relevant concentrations, employing an integrated multi-omics approach in conjunction with biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Individual exposures induced significant metabolic disruption and tissue injury. In contrast, co-exposure triggered a unique adaptive compensation network that maintained redox balance and redirected amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, thereby mitigating inflammatory activation and liver damage. Molecular docking simulations further revealed differential binding interactions of acetamiprid and an acetamiprid–cadmium complex with key compensatory proteins, providing a mechanistic basis for the attenuated toxicity under combined exposures. These results highlight the importance of incorporating mixture toxicity and life-stage-specific responses into ecological risk assessments, reveal unexpected adaptive pathways in amphibians exposed to complex pollutant scenarios, and emphasize the need for more comprehensive evaluations of interactions among environmental contaminants.

在农业生态系统中，农药和重金属经常共存，对生态健康的威胁尚未得到充分研究。虽然传统的风险评估侧重于单一污染物，但综合影响，特别是对生态相关的两栖动物，如黑斑鳅，仍然知之甚少。在这些污染物中，新烟碱类乙酰氨脒和镉在水生环境中广泛存在，但它们对成年两栖动物的联合肝毒性尚未得到充分的研究。在本研究中，我们采用综合多组学方法，结合生物化学和组织病理学评估，旨在研究环境相关浓度下对啶虫脒和镉对黑斑马鱼的个体和联合毒性作用。个体暴露导致显著的代谢紊乱和组织损伤。相反，共暴露触发了一个独特的适应性补偿网络，维持氧化还原平衡，重定向氨基酸和核苷酸代谢，从而减轻炎症激活和肝损伤。分子对接模拟进一步揭示了啶虫脒和啶虫脒-镉复合物与关键代偿蛋白的差异结合相互作用，为联合暴露下毒性减弱提供了机制基础。这些结果强调了将混合毒性和生命阶段特异性反应纳入生态风险评估的重要性，揭示了暴露于复杂污染物情景的两栖动物的意外适应途径，并强调了对环境污染物之间相互作用进行更全面评估的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Tarsus-enriched chemosensory proteins in Achelura yunnanensis (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae) and their interactions with pesticides 云南飞蛾（鳞翅目，刺蝇科）跗果富集的化学感觉蛋白及其与农药的相互作用

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106983

Fu-Peng Li, Zi-Hui Liu, Xiao-Rong Xiong, Jin-Lan Zhang, Hai-Yan Xiao, Nai-Yong Liu

The widespread pesticide use has caused many ecological issues including pesticide residues and the loss of biodiversity. Insect tarsus is the foremost chemosensory organ directly in contact with the proximal environment such as the surface of plant leaves, raising the possibility that tarsus-enriched chemosensory proteins (CSPs) mediate insecticide resistance. Here, we combined transcriptomic and genomic data to identify 52 AyunCSPs from Achelura yunnanensis, representing the largest set reported in Lepidoptera so far. This expanded CSP gene family was attributed mainly to gene duplications but not related to host breadth, as suggested by gene structure and phylogenetics of AyunCSPs as well as moth's oligophagy. Expression profiles revealed that the majority of AyunCSPs were detected in tarsi of both sexes, with 14 genes being tissue-enriched. Functional assays with ligand-binding experiments against a panel of 35 pesticides presented that most of 14 tarsus-enriched AyunCSPs could strongly bind broad-spectrum insecticides including chlorpyrifos, phoxim, chlorfluazuron, hexaflumuron, indoxacarb, chlorfenapyr and rotenone (dissociation constant, K_i < 13 μM) and one herbicide butachlor widely used (K_i < 15 μM), but exhibited different pesticide-binding profiles tuned to 1–21 ligands. We also identified key residues of AyunCSP12 in recognizing insecticides through docking simulations and point-mutation experiments, including Phe27 and Tyr88 for chlorfluazuron, Phe27 for indoxacarb, and Phe27, Ile70 and Tyr88 for chlorfenapyr (p < 0.05). This is the first comprehensive report to build an extensive pesticide response profile of tarsus-enriched AyunCSPs in A. yunnanensis. The findings highlight the importance of tarsus-enriched CSPs in insecticide resistance and provide insights into the strong adaptation of this moth and other insects to host plants and the pesticide-semiochemical mixed environment.

农药的广泛使用造成了包括农药残留和生物多样性丧失在内的许多生态问题。昆虫跗骨是与植物叶片表面等近端环境直接接触的最重要的化学感觉器官，这增加了富含跗骨的化学感觉蛋白（CSPs）介导杀虫剂抗性的可能性。在这里，我们结合转录组学和基因组学数据，鉴定了52个来自云南阿奇拉的ayuncsp，这是迄今为止在鳞翅目中报道的最大的ayuncsp。CSP基因家族的扩展主要归因于基因重复，而与宿主宽度无关，这与AyunCSPs的基因结构和系统发育以及飞蛾的寡食性有关。表达谱显示，大多数ayuncsp在两种性别的跗猴中都检测到，其中14个基因在组织中富集。对35种农药进行了配体结合功能分析，结果表明，14种富含糖胞嘧啶的ayuncsp中，大部分都能强结合包括毒死蜱、硫辛磷、氯氟脲、六氟脲、茚虫威、虫腈和鱼藤酮等广谱杀虫剂（解离常数Ki <； 13 μM）和一种广泛使用的除草剂丁草胺（Ki < 15 μM），但在1 ~ 21种配体上表现出不同的结合谱。我们还通过对接模拟和点突变实验确定了AyunCSP12识别杀虫剂的关键残基，包括氯脲的Phe27和Tyr88，茚虫威的Phe27，杀虫腈的Phe27、Ile70和Tyr88 （p < 0.05）。这是第一次建立了云南蜜树富含ayuncsp的广泛农药响应谱的综合报告。这一发现强调了富含跗果的csp在杀虫剂抗性中的重要性，并为这种蛾和其他昆虫对寄主植物和农药-半化学混合环境的强适应性提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Functional characterization of two delta-class glutathione S-transferases genes in detoxifying acaricides in Sarcoptes scabiei 两个δ级谷胱甘肽s -转移酶基因在疥螨解毒杀螨剂中的功能研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106981

Hongmei Wang , Bo Lei , Xinyu Bao , Xiaobin Gu , Jing Xia , Yong Huang , Huaqiao Tang , Fei Shi , Xing Huang , Bo liang , Jing Xu

Scabies (or Sarcoptic mange) is a highly contagious skin disease caused by the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. The resistance of S. scabiei to common acaricides like permethrin has been reported, yet their precise mechanisms remain elusive. Glutathione S-Transferase (GSTs) constitute an important class of detoxification enzymes. In this study, we found that the expression levels of SsGSTd3 and SsGSTd5 in S. scabiei were significantly up-regulated after exposure to LC₃₀ of permethrin, amitraz, and selamectin, suggesting that SsGSTd3 and SsGSTd5 are involved in the detoxification of these acaricides. Therefore, we used in vitro metabolic assay and bacterial survival assays to further investigate their specific detoxification mechanisms. Co-incubation with the acaricides reduced the 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) activities of both recombinant proteins to varying degrees. HPLC analysis revealed that SsGSTd3 and SsGSTd5 metabolized 35.24% and 53.28% of permethrin, respectively, but did not metabolize amitraz. SsGSTd3 metabolized a small fraction of selamectin (3.25%). In addition, bacterial survival assays demonstrated that under oxidative stress induced by CHP and H₂O₂, the OD₆₀₀ values of E. coli overexpressing SsGSTd3 or SsGSTd5 were significantly higher than those of control group, indicating robust antioxidant activity for both proteins. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that SsGSTd3 and SsGSTd5 facilitate permethrin detoxification via a dual mechanism—metabolic and alleviation of oxidative stress, and may represent an early warning sign of decreased susceptibility to amitraz and selamectin through their antioxidant functions.

疥疮（或疥疮管理）是一种高度传染性皮肤病引起的体外寄生虫疥疮。疥螨对氯菊酯等常见杀螨剂的抗性已有报道，但其确切机制尚不清楚。谷胱甘肽s -转移酶（GSTs）是一类重要的解毒酶。在本研究中，我们发现SsGSTd3和SsGSTd5在暴露于氯菊酯、咪唑和selamectin的LC30浓度后，在S. scabiei中表达水平显著上调，表明SsGSTd3和SsGSTd5参与了这些杀螨剂的解毒作用。因此，我们使用体外代谢试验和细菌存活试验来进一步研究它们的特异性解毒机制。与杀螨剂共孵育可不同程度地降低两种重组蛋白的1-氯-2,4-二硝基苯（CDNB）活性。高效液相色谱分析显示，SsGSTd3和SsGSTd5对氯菊酯的代谢作用分别为35.24%和53.28%，但对阿米特拉兹没有代谢作用。SsGSTd3代谢一小部分塞拉菌素（3.25%）。此外，细菌存活实验表明，在CHP和H2O2诱导的氧化应激下，过表达SsGSTd3或SsGSTd5的大肠杆菌的OD600值显著高于对照组，表明这两种蛋白具有较强的抗氧化活性。综上所述，我们的研究结果表明，SsGSTd3和SsGSTd5通过代谢和减轻氧化应激的双重机制促进氯菊酯的解毒，并可能通过其抗氧化功能降低对阿米特拉茨和selamectin的敏感性。

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引用次数: 0

Constitutive overexpression of ATP-binding cassette transporters contributes to emamectin benzoate resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda atp结合盒转运体的组成性过表达有助于夜蛾对苯甲酸埃维菌素的抗性

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106980

Congsai Wang , Zikun Wang , Jingdong Li , Yunkun Zi , Huiling Huang , Binrui Bai , Keyi Chen , Jing Wang , Hongsong Chen , Huihua Tan , Kaikai Mao

Emamectin benzoate is a key insecticide for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda, a highly destructive agricultural pest. However, the emergence of resistance frequently results in control failures. Monitoring insecticide resistance in S. frugiperda populations and elucidating the underlying genetic mechanisms are essential for developing informed pest management decisions and effective resistance management strategies. This study demonstrates that six field populations of S. frugiperda from China have developed moderate resistance to emamectin benzoate, with resistance ratios (RR) ranging from 19.05- to 67.14. In a laboratory-selected emamectin benzoate-resistant strain (RR = 255.71), a high level of cross-resistance was observed between emamectin benzoate and abamectin (RR = 22.45), whereas only low levels of cross-resistance were detected for indoxacarb, lufenuron, chlorantraniliprole, deltamethrin, or cyantraniliprole (RR < 2.05). Synergism bioassays indicate that ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters may contribute to emamectin benzoate resistance. Integrated transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR analyses reveal that ABCD2, ABCC2, ABCG20a, and ABCB1 are constitutively overexpressed in both the resistant strain and field-collected populations. RNA interference-mediated knockdown using dsRNAs targeting individual genes or a mixture of ABCD2, ABCC2, ABCG20a, and ABCB1 significantly increased the susceptibility of S. frugiperda to emamectin benzoate. Molecular docking studies demonstrate that emamectin benzoate directly binds to these ABC transporters, highlighting their potential role in metabolic resistance. In conclusion, this study clarifies the current status of emamectin benzoate resistance in S. frugiperda in China and identifies the contribution of four ABC transporters to resistance development. These findings provide a scientific foundation for the development of sustainable pest management and control strategies.

苯甲酸埃维菌素是防治具有高度破坏性的农业害虫——果夜蛾的关键杀虫剂。然而，耐药性的出现经常导致控制失败。监测frugiperda种群的杀虫剂抗性并阐明潜在的遗传机制对于制定明智的害虫管理决策和有效的抗性管理策略至关重要。结果表明，中国6个田间种群对苯甲酸埃维菌素产生了中等抗性，抗性比（RR）在19.05 ~ 67.14之间。实验室选育的耐药菌株（RR = 255.71）对苯甲酸埃马菌素与阿维菌素呈高交叉抗性（RR = 22.45），对茚虫威、氟虫腈、氯虫腈、溴氰菊酯、氰虫腈呈低交叉抗性（RR < 2.05）。协同作用生物测定表明，atp结合盒（ABC）转运体可能有助于耐甲维菌素苯甲酸酯。综合转录组测序和实时荧光定量PCR分析显示，ABCD2、ABCC2、ABCG20a和ABCB1在抗性菌株和田间采集的群体中均存在组成性过表达。使用靶向单个基因或ABCD2、ABCC2、ABCG20a和ABCB1的dsRNAs进行RNA干扰介导的敲低可显著增加S. frugiperda对苯甲酸埃维菌素的敏感性。分子对接研究表明，苯甲酸埃维菌素直接与这些ABC转运蛋白结合，突出了它们在代谢抗性中的潜在作用。综上所述，本研究阐明了中国frugiperda耐甲维菌素苯甲酸酯的现状，并确定了4种ABC转运蛋白在耐药发展中的作用。这些发现为制定可持续的有害生物防治战略提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol from Bacillus siamensis controls kiwifruit leaf spot by disrupting membrane integrity and interfering with energy metabolism of Fusarium graminearum 来自暹罗芽孢杆菌的3,5-二叔丁基酚通过破坏膜完整性和干扰谷物镰刀菌的能量代谢来防治猕猴桃叶斑病

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106979

Bingce Wang , Lifeng Zhang , Hao Luo , Xiaolan Yang , Xiang Liu , Ya Huang , Wenzhi Li , Xianhui Yin , Weizhen Wang , Youhua Long

Fusarium graminearum, a notorious multi-host pathogen threatening global agriculture, has recently expanded its host range to become a dominant and aggressive causal agent of kiwifruit leaf spot, causing severe yield losses and threatening industrial sustainability. To address this challenge, a biocontrol bacterium exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, Bacillus siamensis strain BsiaSC07, was isolated from the kiwifruit phyllosphere. Notably, the potent broad-spectrum antifungal compound 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol (3,5-DTBP) was identified from the fermentation metabolites of this strain using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of 3,5-DTBP production by Bacillus spp. 3,5-DTBP demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against six kiwifruit leaf spot pathogens, with particularly high efficacy against F. graminearum. It effectively suppressed mycelial growth, sporulation, and spore germination, and significantly alleviated disease severity in detached leaf assays. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis and validation experiments elucidated the hierarchical mechanism of action: 3,5-DTBP exerts its antifungal effect primarily by destroying cell membrane integrity. This primary structural damage may act as an initiating trigger that precipitates a secondary irreversible collapse in energy metabolism, ultimately driving systemic cell failure. These findings demonstrate the biocontrol potential of B. siamensis BsiaSC07 and suggest that 3,5-DTBP is a promising candidate fungicide for the management of kiwifruit leaf spot.

摘要小麦赤霉病（Fusarium graminearum）是一种危害全球农业的多宿主病原菌，近年来其寄主范围扩大，成为猕猴桃叶斑病的主要致病因子，造成严重的产量损失，威胁工业的可持续性。为了解决这一挑战，从猕猴桃叶圈中分离出一种具有广谱抗菌活性的生物防治细菌——暹芽孢杆菌BsiaSC07。值得注意的是，利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC/MS）从该菌株的发酵代谢产物中鉴定出了有效的广谱抗真菌化合物3,5-二叔丁基酚（3,5- dtbp）。据我们所知，这是首次报道芽孢杆菌生产3,5- dtbp。3,5- dtbp对猕猴桃叶斑病病原菌具有显著的抑制活性，对F. graminearum的抑制效果特别好。在离体叶片试验中，它能有效抑制菌丝生长、产孢和孢子萌发，并显著减轻疾病严重程度。此外，转录组学分析和验证实验阐明了3,5- dtbp的分层作用机制：3,5- dtbp主要通过破坏细胞膜完整性来发挥其抗真菌作用。这种主要的结构损伤可能作为一个启动触发器，引发能量代谢的二次不可逆崩溃，最终导致全身细胞衰竭。上述研究结果表明，该药剂对猕猴桃叶斑病具有一定的生物防治潜力，是猕猴桃叶斑病防治的理想药剂。

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引用次数: 0

Erlvejunzuo, a gallic acid-derived thiadiazole, inhibits glucose biosynthesis and confers broad-spectrum antifungal activity Erlvejunzuo是一种没食子酸衍生的噻二唑，抑制葡萄糖的生物合成并具有广谱抗真菌活性

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106977

Manman Zhang, Chengke Zhang, Yihan Jiang, Li Wu, Rui Zhang, Fengquan Liu, Cheng Li

Plant fungal pathogens threaten crop production and food security. Long-term and indiscriminate use of fungicides may lead to the emergence of fungicide-resistant pathogens and environmental pollution. In this study, we found a novel gallic acid-derived thiadiazole, called Erlvejunzuo, exerting broad-spectrum activity against five destructive fungi (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Didymella segeticola, Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae, Colletotrichum camelliae) in vitro and in planta. In vitro assays revealed that Erlvejunzuo effectively inhibited the five phytopathogens, with half-maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of 10.50–14.83 mg/L. Transcriptomic and functional analysis showed that Erlvejunzuo exerted its antifungal effects by disrupting glucose metabolism and ATP biosynthesis pathways, accompanied by plasma membrane damage. Erlvejunzuo protected against sclerotinia stem rot (oilseed rape), gray mold (tomato), and tea diseases (leaf spot/gray blight/anthracnose), without inducing phytotoxicity. Conclusively, this study provides the first evidence that Erlvejunzuo exerts antifungal effects by inhibiting glucose biosynthesis, positioning it as an eco-friendly candidate for crop protection.

植物真菌病原体威胁着作物生产和粮食安全。长期和滥用杀菌剂可能导致抗杀菌剂病原体的出现和环境污染。本研究发现了一种新型没食子酸衍生的噻二唑，名为Erlvejunzuo，在离体和植物中对5种破坏性真菌（菌核菌、灰霉病菌、小叶双胞菌、茶花伪拟estalotiopsis camelliae、炭疽菌camelliae）具有广谱活性。体外实验结果表明，二尔维君佐对5种病原菌均有较好的抑制作用，半最大有效浓度（EC50）为10.50 ~ 14.83 mg/L。转录组学和功能分析表明，二曲君佐通过破坏糖代谢和ATP生物合成途径发挥抗真菌作用，并伴有质膜损伤。对油菜菌核病、茎腐病、番茄灰霉病、茶病（叶斑病、灰疫病、炭疽病）均有保护作用，且不产生植物毒性。总之，本研究首次证明了Erlvejunzuo通过抑制葡萄糖生物合成发挥抗真菌作用，将其定位为作物保护的环保候选物。

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引用次数: 0

Antifungal activity and mechanism of carvacrol against Fusarium graminearum with damaging cell membranes and affecting energy metabolism 香芹酚对破坏细胞膜和影响能量代谢的禾谷镰刀菌的抑菌活性及机制研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106975

Xuewei Mao , Xingchen Zhao , Tangbo Cao , Liting Chen , Qinqin Wang , Lin Zhou

The development of compounds derived from natural plants can help reduce the negative effects of chemical fungicides. In this study, the antifungal activity and mechanism of a phenolic monoterpene compound, carvacrol, against Fusarium graminearum were investigated based on the phenotypic, physio-biochemical, and transcriptome analyses. Antifungal assays showed that carvacrol exhibited strong activity against F. graminearum, with an EC₅₀ value of 0.028 mg/mL. Treatment with 0.08 mg/mL carvacrol reduced fungal biomass and suppressed both conidial production and germination. Carvacrol also demonstrated effective in vivo efficacy against Fusarium head blight (FHB). In glasshouse trials, fifteen days after application, the curative efficacy of 100 mg/L carvacrol against F. graminearum was comparable to that of the reference fungicide polyoxin at 200 mg/L. Moreover, electron microscopy showed severe damage to mycelial morphology and intracellular ultrastructure. Propidium iodide (PI) staining indicated that there was a severe loss of membrane integrity and irreversible membrane damage. Transcriptome analysis identified 3350 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which those involved in ABC transporter and cellular energy metabolism pathways were significantly downregulated. Physiological assays revealed that carvacrol inhibits fungal growth by disrupting cell membrane integrity, ABC transporter function, and cellular energy metabolism. Molecular docking further confirmed the strong binding of carvacrol to the active sites of ATP synthase and ABC transporters. These findings elucidate the antifungal mechanisms of carvacrol and suggest its potential as a plant-derived fungicide for use in crop protection.

开发从天然植物中提取的化合物有助于减少化学杀菌剂的负面影响。本研究基于表型、生理生化和转录组分析，研究了酚类单萜化合物香芹醇对禾谷镰刀菌的抗真菌活性及其机制。抗真菌试验表明，香芹酚对谷物F. graminearum具有很强的活性，EC₅0值为0.028 mg/mL。0.08 mg/mL香芹醇处理降低了真菌生物量，抑制了分生孢子的产生和萌发。香芹酚在体内对镰刀菌头疫病（Fusarium head blight， FHB）也有较好的防治效果。在温室试验中，施用15天后，100 mg/L香芹酚对谷草镰刀菌的疗效与200 mg/L的参比杀菌剂多毒素相当。电镜显示菌丝形态和细胞内超微结构严重受损。碘化丙啶（PI）染色显示膜完整性严重丧失和不可逆的膜损伤。转录组分析鉴定出3350个差异表达基因（DEGs），其中涉及ABC转运蛋白和细胞能量代谢途径的基因显著下调。生理实验表明，香芹酚通过破坏细胞膜完整性、ABC转运蛋白功能和细胞能量代谢来抑制真菌生长。分子对接进一步证实了香芹酚与ATP合酶和ABC转运体活性位点的强结合。这些发现阐明了香芹酚的抗真菌机制，并提示其作为植物源性杀菌剂用于作物保护的潜力。

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