Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献_第6页

Risk assessment, resistance monitoring and mechanism of field-evolved resistance to broflanilide in the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura 斜纹夜蛾对溴氟醚田间抗性的风险评估、抗性监测及机制研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106909

Xiao Guo , Yilu Tong , Ren Li , Shengran Zhang , Daofeng Zhang , Cheng Qu , Xiaoli Ma , Ran Wang

Spodoptera litura, a globally destructive agricultural pest, has evolved significant resistance to many popular insecticides. Broflanilide, a new meta-diamide pesticide that targets the specific site of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, provides broad-spectrum control against pests in the orders Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera. However, its potential resistance risk in S. litura remains unclear. In this study, a laboratory-selected strain was generated through ten consecutive generations of selection with broflanilide, revealing a low overall risk for resistance development. Concurrently, field resistance monitoring across China indicated that most S. litura populations remained highly susceptible, while the Sanya (SY) population exhibited moderate resistance (26.8-fold). Following seven additional generations of selection, the SY population evolved high resistance (56.2-fold) and was designated the SY-R strain. Using SY-R, we investigated inheritance, cross-resistance, and mechanism of detoxification underlying field-evolved resistance. Broflanilide showed minimal cross-resistance to the tested pesticides. Genetic and synergistic analyses indicated that resistance was incompletely dominant, autosomal, and polygenic, primarily associated with detoxification of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (P450). These findings provide a comprehensive assessment of broflanilide resistance risk and provide valuable information and data for developing effective strategies of pesticide resistance management.

斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）是一种全球性的破坏性农业害虫，已对许多常用杀虫剂产生了显著的抗性。溴flanilide是一种针对γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）受体特异位点的新型间二胺类农药，具有广谱防治鳞翅目和飞蛾目害虫的作用。然而，其在斜纹葡萄球菌中的潜在耐药风险尚不清楚。在本研究中，通过连续十代的溴flanilide选择，产生了一个实验室选择的菌株，显示抗性发展的总体风险较低。同时，田间抗性监测结果显示，大多数斜纹夜蛾种群仍保持高度易感，而三亚（SY）种群表现为中度抗性（26.8倍）。经过7代的选择，SY群体进化出了高抗性（56.2倍），并被命名为SY- r菌株。我们利用SY-R研究了田间进化抗性的遗传、交叉抗性和解毒机制。溴flanilide对所测农药表现出最小的交叉抗性。遗传和协同分析表明，抗性不完全显性，常染色体和多基因，主要与谷胱甘肽s转移酶（GST）和细胞色素P450 （P450）的解毒有关。这些发现为全面评估溴氟醚耐药风险提供了依据，并为制定有效的农药耐药管理策略提供了有价值的信息和数据。

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引用次数: 0

Depleting SfCarE: Innovative strategies for enhancing chlorantraniliprole toxicity through mixing with carbaryl in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 消耗SfCarE：氯虫腈与西威因混合增强对果夜蛾毒力的创新策略

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106932

Qinqin Wang , Lin Zhou , Li Wang , Xiangshuai Li , Pei Liang , Changhui Rui , Huizhu Yuan , Li Cui

The sustained application of insecticides has led to the development of resistance. Carboxylesterases (CarEs) play important roles in the resistance and synergism of chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl. In this study, the key Spodoptera frugiperda CarEs gene, SfCarE, was identified. SfCarE was highly expressed at the 4th instar and in the midgut of the 6th instar larvae. Knockdown of SfCarE resulted in significant decrease in CarE activity and an increase in susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole, as well as to the mixture of chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl. Metabolic assays demonstrated that the SfCarE protein can metabolize both carbaryl and chlorantraniliprole, while carbaryl can effectively slow down the metabolism of chlorantraniliprole, thereby increasing its retention and insecticidal effect. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the predominant modes of interaction between SfCarE and the compounds were hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Additionally, carbaryl exhibited a higher degree of stability in binding with SfCarE than chlorantraniliprole. Therefore, carbaryl was preferentially metabolized by SfCarE, which protecting chlorantraniliprole from metabolism. In summary, this study preliminarily reveals a synergistic mechanism in which the metabolic rate of chlorantraniliprole is reduced when combined with carbaryl. This research demonstrated that the SfCarE-mediated metabolic and synergistic interactions between chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl may provide valuable insights for the development of novel insecticidal combinations for integrated resistance management (IRM).

持续使用杀虫剂导致了抗药性的产生。羧酸酯酶（carboxylesterase, CarEs）在氯虫腈和西威因的耐药性和协同作用中起重要作用。在本研究中，我们确定了夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）的关键基因SfCarE。SfCarE在4龄和6龄幼虫中肠高度表达。SfCarE基因敲低可显著降低细胞的CarE活性，增加细胞对氯虫腈的敏感性，以及对氯虫腈和西威因混合用药的敏感性。代谢实验表明，SfCarE蛋白能同时代谢西威尼和氯虫腈，而西威尼能有效减缓氯虫腈的代谢，从而提高其滞留性和杀虫效果。分子对接和分子动力学模拟表明，SfCarE与化合物的主要相互作用模式是氢键和范德华力。此外，carviyl与SfCarE的结合稳定性高于chlorantranilprole。因此，SfCarE优先代谢西威尼，保护氯虫腈不被代谢。综上所述，本研究初步揭示了氯虫腈与西威因联用时降低代谢率的协同作用机制。该研究表明，sfcare介导的氯虫腈和西威因之间的代谢和协同相互作用可能为开发用于综合抗性管理（IRM）的新型杀虫组合提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Functional disruption of CYP4CE1 impairs egg development and reproductive capacity in Nilaparvata lugens CYP4CE1的功能破坏损害了褐飞虱卵的发育和生殖能力

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106928

Xinyu Zhang , Huihui Zhang , Ruru Li , Aomin Wang , Yixi Zhang , Zewen Liu

Cytochrome P450s participate in various essential physiological processes, including xenobiotic detoxification and the metabolism of endogenous compound. Previously, CYP4CE1 was identified as a key detoxification enzyme contributing to nitenpyram resistance in Nilaparvata lugens. Here, we uncovered its novel function in reproductive regulation of N. lugens. Silencing CYP4CE1 significantly impaired the reproductive capacity of N. lugens, leading to arrested embryonic development, gradual dehydration, shrinkage, and eventual death of eggs. Moreover, a significant reduction of chitin content was observed in the eggs from CYP4CE1-silenced N. lugens. Further investigation revealed that CYP4CE1 might affect chitin synthesis by regulating the expression of chitin synthase (CHS) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP). In CYP4CE1-silenced N. lugens, the mRNA expression level of UAP was downregulated in the ovaries, while the expression level of CHS was suppressed predominantly in non-ovarian tissues. Additionally, abnormal expression of cuticular protein genes (Cpr3, Cpr8, Cpr10) suggested that CYP4CE1 might indirectly affect the mechanical strength and permeability of eggshells by modulating the cuticular protein. However, the mechanism through which CYP4CE1 regulates UAP, CHS and Cpr requires further investigation. These findings indicate that suppressing CYP4CE1 provides a novel strategy for integrated pest management by simultaneously disrupting detoxification pathways and reproductive capacity in N. lugens.

细胞色素p450参与多种重要的生理过程，包括外源解毒和内源化合物的代谢。此前，CYP4CE1被确定为Nilaparvata lugens对nitenpyram抗性的关键解毒酶。在此，我们发现了它在N. lugens的生殖调节中的新功能。CYP4CE1基因的沉默显著削弱了氮化氮的生殖能力，导致胚胎发育受阻，卵子逐渐脱水、萎缩，最终死亡。此外，在cyp4ce1沉默的N. lugens卵中观察到几丁质含量显著降低。进一步研究发现，CYP4CE1可能通过调节几丁质合成酶（CHS）和udp - n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖热磷酸化酶（UAP）的表达来影响几丁质合成。在cyp4ce1沉默的N. lugens中，卵巢中UAP mRNA表达水平下调，而CHS mRNA表达水平在非卵巢组织中主要受到抑制。此外，表皮蛋白基因（Cpr3、Cpr8、Cpr10）的异常表达表明，CYP4CE1可能通过调节表皮蛋白间接影响蛋壳的机械强度和通透性。然而，CYP4CE1调控UAP、CHS和Cpr的机制有待进一步研究。这些发现表明，抑制CYP4CE1通过同时破坏褐飞虱的解毒途径和繁殖能力，为害虫综合治理提供了一种新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

AoMbp1 interacts with AoSwi6 and regulates hyphal development, stress tolerance, trap morphogenesis, and pathogenicity in Arthrobotrys oligospora AoMbp1与AoSwi6相互作用，调控少孢子节肢虫菌丝发育、胁迫耐受性、陷阱形态发生和致病性

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106930

Na Bai , Hui Yuan , Guiqiu Luo , Yi Chen , Meihua Xie , Jinkui Yang

The APSES family proteins, specific to fungi, regulate growth, development, and various biological processes. As a typical nematode-trapping fungus, Arthrobotrys oligospora has been extensively studied to understand the mechanism of trap formation. In this study, AoMbp1, an ortholog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae APSES-type transcription factor Mbp1, was functionally characterized in A. oligospora. Aombp1 inactivation caused severe defects in mycelial growth and development. Specifically, the ∆Aombp1 mutant exhibited significantly reduced growth, increased hyphal septation and lipid droplet accumulation, and a marked decrease in nuclear numbers. Moreover, it showed substantially reduced conidiophore production and spore yield, along with abnormal spore morphology. Sensitivity to various chemical stressors, particularly hyperosmotic agents, was heightened, whereas trap formation and nematode predation ability were significantly impaired. The traps lost their original three-dimensional structure and adopted a planar shape. Further, RNA sequencing, DNA affinity purification sequencing, and yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that AoMbp1 interacts with AoSwi6, another APSES protein. Together, they participate in regulating the cell cycle, meiosis, lipid metabolism, and DNA replication and repair. Collectively, these findings clarify the role and underlying mechanisms of Mbp1 in mycelial development and trap morphogenesis in nematode-trapping fungi.

APSES家族蛋白，真菌特有，调节生长发育和各种生物过程。作为一种典型的捕获线虫的真菌，人们对寡孢节肢菌的捕获机制进行了广泛的研究。在本研究中，AoMbp1是酿酒酵母apses型转录因子Mbp1的同源物，在A. oligospora中进行了功能表征。Aombp1失活导致菌丝生长发育严重缺陷。具体而言，∆Aombp1突变体的生长明显减少，菌丝间隔和脂滴积累增加，核数明显减少。此外，分生孢子产量和孢子产量显著降低，孢子形态出现异常。对各种化学刺激物，特别是高渗剂的敏感性提高，而陷阱形成和线虫捕食能力明显受损。圈闭失去了原有的三维结构，呈现平面形态。此外，RNA测序、DNA亲和纯化测序和酵母双杂交分析显示，AoMbp1与另一种APSES蛋白AoSwi6相互作用。它们共同参与调节细胞周期、减数分裂、脂质代谢以及DNA复制和修复。总的来说，这些发现阐明了Mbp1在线虫诱捕真菌菌丝发育和诱捕形态发生中的作用和潜在机制。

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引用次数: 0

Ongoing insecticide resistance evolution in beet armyworm via changes in the utilization of pre-existing and new mutations 甜菜粘虫对已有和新突变利用的变化对杀虫剂抗性的持续进化

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106929

Fang Guan , Bingbing Fang , Wenjuan Mei , Suiyu Zeng , Yihua Yang , John G. Oakeshott , Yidong Wu

Little has been known until now about the population genomic processes underpinning pest insect species' rapid and ongoing adaptation to chemical insecticides. This paper elucidates these processes for six mutations encoding resistances to four insecticide classes in Chinese Spodoptera exigua: F116V in CYP9A186 against avermectins, T929I and L1014F in VGSC against pyrethroids, V1848I in VGSC against indoxacarb and I4790M and I4790K in RyR against diamides. Whole genome sequencing of 139 individuals from 20 populations across China revealed little genetic differentiation among the populations and soft selective sweeps for all six mutations. Ancestral Recombination Graphs (ARGs) showed at least five of them each had a single origin, with CYP9A186-F116V, VGSC-L1014F and RyR-I4790M and likely also RyR-I4790K arising before use of the corresponding insecticides. VGSC-T929I and VGSC-V1848I arose subsequently in VGSC-L1014F backgrounds. Bioassays of near-isogenic lines showed the double mutant VGSCs enhanced pyrethroid resistance and created pyrethroid/indoxacarb cross-resistance, respectively. While the ARGs predicted the younger RyR-I4790K mutation had overtaken RyR-I4790M in frequency by the time diamides were introduced, the latter has since surged again, to a frequency of ca. 95 %. Thus, S. exigua has evolved resistances to several major insecticides through soft selective sweeps of pre-existing mutations in a panmictic population, supplemented by new mutations that enhance or broaden resistance. The findings demonstrate the power of modern population genomics, including ARG, to reconstruct resistance evolution and, in so doing, improving preparedness for, and pro-active management of, resistance.

到目前为止，人们对支持害虫物种对化学杀虫剂快速和持续适应的种群基因组过程知之甚少。本文从CYP9A186中F116V对阿维菌素的抗性、VGSC中T929I和L1014F对拟除虫菊酯的抗性、VGSC中V1848I对茚虫威的抗性、RyR中I4790M和I4790K对四类杀虫剂的抗性等6个基因突变过程进行了阐述。来自中国20个种群的139个个体的全基因组测序显示，种群之间的遗传分化很小，并且对所有6种突变进行了软选择扫描。祖先重组图（ARGs）显示，其中至少有5个具有单一来源，CYP9A186-F116V， VGSC-L1014F和RyR-I4790M，可能还有RyR-I4790K在使用相应杀虫剂之前产生。VGSC-T929I和VGSC-V1848I随后在VGSC-L1014F背景下出现。近等基因系的生物测定表明，双突变VGSCs增强了对拟除虫菊酯的抗性，并分别产生了拟除虫菊酯/茚虫威的交叉抗性。虽然ARGs预测，在引入双胺时，较年轻的RyR-I4790K突变的频率已经超过了RyR-I4790M，但后者再次飙升，频率约为95%。因此，通过对泛病种群中已存在的突变进行软选择性扫描，并辅以增强或扩大抗性的新突变，逸瓜葡萄进化出了对几种主要杀虫剂的抗性。这些发现证明了包括ARG在内的现代种群基因组学在重建耐药性进化方面的力量，并由此改善了对耐药性的防范和主动管理。

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引用次数: 0

Odorant-binding protein MusiOBP10 contributes to the aggregation pheromone sensing in both nymphal and adult Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) 气味结合蛋白MusiOBP10有助于雌雄和成虫的聚集信息素感知（Bagnall）

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106926

Gen Xia , Xiaobin Zheng , Xiaoli Tian , Qinli Wang , Guohui Zhang , Boliao Li

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play a critical role in insect chemoreception by facilitating the transport of odorant molecules to olfactory receptors, thereby initiating signal transduction. Megalurothrips usitatus is a significant pest posing a major threat to leguminous crops, with both nymphs and adults exhibiting aggregation behavior on cowpea. However, the specific functional role of OBPs in modulating this behavior remains unclear. Here, behavioral assays revealed that both nymphs and adults of M. usitatus showed significant attraction to the aggregation pheromone (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate. Exposure to this aggregation pheromone significantly upregulated MusiOBP10 expression in M. usitatus. MusiOBP10 knockdown with RNA interference (RNAi) eliminated M. usitatus' attraction to (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate. Furthermore, binding assays revealed that MusiOBP10 exhibits exceptionally high binding affinity for (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate. Molecular docking results indicated that MusiOBP10 binds to (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate primarily through van der Waals interactions. Molecular dynamic simulations identified six candidate key residues within the MusiOBP10–(2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate complex. Computational alanine scanning and site-directed mutagenesis verified four key amino acid residues critical for the binding of MusiOBP10 to (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate, with the C-terminal residue Phe122 playing a particularly influential role. In conclusion, MusiOBP10 plays a critical role in the perception of the aggregation pheromone in M. usitatus. These findings have improved our molecular understanding of aggregation pheromone recognition by M. usitatus, and have facilitated the development of OBP-based behavioral interference strategies to manage this pest.

气味结合蛋白（OBPs）通过促进气味分子向嗅觉受体的运输，从而启动信号转导，在昆虫的化学接受中起着关键作用。稻纵蓟马是一种对豆科作物构成重大威胁的害虫，其若虫和成虫在豇豆上均有聚集行为。然而，obp在调节这种行为中的具体功能作用尚不清楚。本研究的行为分析结果显示，雌雄绒螯虾对聚集信息素(2E,6E)-醋酸法尼酯具有显著的吸引力。暴露于这种聚集信息素显著上调M. usitatus中MusiOBP10的表达。用RNA干扰（RNAi）敲除MusiOBP10消除了M. usitatus对(2E,6E)-法尼酯乙酸酯的吸引力。此外，结合实验显示MusiOBP10对(2E,6E)-法尼酯乙酸酯具有非常高的结合亲和力。分子对接结果表明，MusiOBP10主要通过范德华作用与(2E,6E)-法尼酯醋酸酯结合。分子动力学模拟鉴定了MusiOBP10 - (2E,6E)-法尼酯醋酸酯络合物中的六个候选关键残基。计算丙氨酸扫描和定点诱变验证了MusiOBP10与(2E,6E)-法尼酯乙酸酯结合的四个关键氨基酸残基，其中c端残基Phe122发挥了特别重要的作用。综上所述，MusiOBP10在野鼠对聚集信息素的感知中起关键作用。这些发现提高了我们对聚类信息素识别的分子认识，并促进了基于obp的行为干扰策略的发展，以管理这种害虫。

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引用次数: 0

Transferrin confers imidacloprid resistance by attenuating ROS-induced apoptotic signaling in the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera 转铁蛋白通过减弱ros诱导的白背飞虱（Sogatella furcifera）的凋亡信号而赋予吡虫啉抗性

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106919

Kui Kang , Jun Gong , Ting Zhou , Xuexiao Du , Sijing Wan , Bin Tang , Lei Yue

Transferrins constitute a multifunctional protein family involved in cellular iron homeostasis, reproductive regulation, and innate immune responses. Recently, the critical roles of these proteins in insect pesticide resistance have garnered considerable attention. However, the molecular mechanisms by which transferrins alleviate pesticide-induced toxicity remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification of transferrin family members in Sogatella furcifera (white-backed planthopper, WBPH), a devastating agricultural pest, and investigated their functional roles in imidacloprid resistance. Our analysis identified three novel transferrin proteins and confirmed SfTsf1 as the sole iron-binding protein among them. Through integrated biochemical assays and RNAi-mediated gene silencing, we demonstrated that SfTsf1 enhanced imidacloprid resistance in WBPH by preventing cellular iron overload and suppressing subsequent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Using complementary approaches including RNA-seq, RNA knockdown, and TUNEL assays, we revealed that imidacloprid induced WBPH mortality through apoptotic cell death, and SfTsf1 could attenuate pesticide-induced apoptosis by modulating mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathways. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into transferrin-mediated pesticide tolerance in insects and highlight transferrins as promising targets for developing innovative pest management strategies.

转铁蛋白是一个涉及细胞铁稳态、生殖调节和先天免疫反应的多功能蛋白家族。近年来，这些蛋白在昆虫农药抗性中的重要作用引起了人们的广泛关注。然而，转铁蛋白减轻农药毒性的分子机制仍然知之甚少。本研究对农业害虫白背飞虱（Sogatella furcifera， WBPH）的转铁蛋白家族成员进行了全基因组鉴定，并研究了它们在吡虫啉抗性中的功能作用。我们的分析鉴定出三个新的转铁蛋白，并确认SfTsf1是其中唯一的铁结合蛋白。通过综合生化分析和rnai介导的基因沉默，我们证明SfTsf1通过阻止细胞铁超载和抑制随后的活性氧（ROS）的产生，增强了WBPH中吡虫啉的抗性。通过RNA-seq、RNA敲低和TUNEL检测等互补方法，我们发现吡虫啉通过凋亡细胞死亡诱导WBPH死亡，SfTsf1可以通过调节线粒体介导的凋亡途径减弱农药诱导的凋亡。这些发现为转铁蛋白介导的昆虫农药耐受性提供了新的机制见解，并突出了转铁蛋白是开发创新害虫管理策略的有希望的靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Calcium-mediated amelioration of profenofos toxicity in the Cyanobacteria Fischerella and Anabaena 钙介导的对菲氏蓝藻和水蓝藻丙诺威毒性的改善

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106910

Samujjal Bhattacharjee , Sindhunath Chakraborty , Balkrishna Tiwari , Satya Shila Singh , Arun Kumar Mishra

Profenofos is a widely used organophosphate pesticide with environmental persistence and toxic effects on non-targeted organisms. Being natural inhabitant of agricultural fields, cyanobacteria are regularly exposed to pesticides and can be used for bioremediation citing their resilience and metabolic plasticity. But, their physiological response against profenofos remains unstudied. Therefore, assessing their tolerance and potential enhancers that can amplify resistance is essential for effective application. Hence, we investigated the detrimental effects of profenofos on two paddy field dwelling cyanobacteria, Fischerella sp. lmga1 and Anabaena sphaerica, and evaluated their physiological responses to the profenofos. Further, we observed calcium mediated amelioration of profenofos stress in cyanobacteria. Both strains possessed ophB-like genes encoding organophosphate hydrolases. Fischerella showed 1.8-fold transcriptional induction of ophB and stronger profenofos binding (−6.1 kcal mol⁻¹) compared to Anabaena (−5.8 kcal mol⁻¹). Under 0.5 μM profenofos, Fischerella retained 26 % higher viability, 24 % more chlorophyll a, and higher antioxidant enzyme activity. It also preserved unsaturated fatty acids and produced hydrocarbons, supporting membrane integrity. Anabaena was more sensitive but responded well to calcium co-treatment. With 5 mM CaCl₂, viability increased by 27 %, photosynthetic efficacy improved by 33 %, and ROS levels decreased by 60 %. Calcium also restored phycocyanin, proline, and glutathione levels in Anabaena. In contrast, Fischerella relied on intrinsic defense and remained relatively less responsive to calcium. These findings demonstrate distinct stress response strategies. Fischerella exhibited stronger tolerance, while Anabaena benefits from calcium mediated resilience. This study provides physiological insights into cyanobacteria-assisted detoxification of organophosphates and lays the foundation for developing sustainable, calcium-augmented bioremediation systems.

丙烯磷是一种广泛使用的有机磷农药，具有环境持久性和对非靶向生物的毒性作用。蓝藻是农业领域的天然居民，经常暴露于农药中，由于其弹性和代谢可塑性，可以用于生物修复。但是，它们对丙诺福的生理反应仍未被研究。因此，评估它们的耐受性和潜在的增强剂对有效应用是必不可少的。因此，我们研究了异丙酚对两种水田蓝藻（Fischerella sp. lmga1和Anabaena sphaerica）的有害影响，并评估了它们对异丙酚的生理反应。此外，我们观察到钙介导的蓝藻对丙烯磷胁迫的改善。这两种菌株都具有编码有机磷水解酶的ophb样基因。Fischerella对ophB的转录诱导是Anabaena（−5.8 kcal mol−1）的1.8倍，与profenofos的结合更强（−6.1 kcal mol−1）。在0.5 μM profenofos下，Fischerella的生存能力提高了26%，叶绿素a含量提高了24%，抗氧化酶活性也提高了。它还保存了不饱和脂肪酸并产生了碳氢化合物，支持了膜的完整性。鱼腥鱼对钙共处理较为敏感，但反应良好。添加5 mM CaCl2后，植株活力提高27%，光合效率提高33%，活性氧水平降低60%。钙也能恢复藻蓝蛋白、脯氨酸和谷胱甘肽水平。相比之下，费氏菌依靠内在防御，对钙的反应相对较弱。这些发现证明了不同的应激反应策略。费氏菌表现出更强的耐受性，而水藻则受益于钙介导的弹性。该研究为蓝藻协助的有机磷解毒提供了生理学的见解，并为开发可持续的、钙增强的生物修复系统奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of abamectin sublethal doses on the invasive pest Tuta absoluta: Integration of population parameters and transcriptome analysis 阿维菌素亚致死剂量对入侵害虫绝对土塔的影响：种群参数整合和转录组分析

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106924

Shouyin Hu , Feichen Ming , Nan Gu , Zhaojiang Guo , Youjun Zhang , Youssef Dewer , Shaoli Wang

The tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is a destructive invasive pest of tomato worldwide. In this study, we combined sublethal bioassays with transcriptomic profiling to assess the transgenerational impacts of abamectin and to identify genes associated with development, reproduction, and detoxification. Exposure to LC₁₀ and LC₂₀ significantly delayed development in the parental generation and reduced pupation, adult emergence, and fecundity. These adverse effects carried over to the offspring, which exhibited prolonged pupal duration, reduced reproduction, and lower population parameters compared with the control. RNA-seq analysis revealed 82 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared across treatments, with 34 upregulated and 48 downregulated. Developmental (JHBP) and reproductive (Vg, VgR) genes were strongly suppressed, while detoxification-related genes, such as cytochrome P450s, were significantly upregulated. Functional validation through RNAi-mediated silencing of CYP304F1 or CYP339A1 resulted in significantly increased abamectin-induced mortality compared to controls, confirming their involvement in abamectin detoxification. These results demonstrate that abamectin exerts transgenerational sublethal effects on T. absoluta, reducing fecundity but enhancing detoxification capacity, suggesting a fitness trade-off. This study provides molecular insights into the ecological consequences of abamectin exposure and supports its potential role as a component of integrated pest management strategies against T. absoluta.

番茄蛲虫（Tuta absoluta, Meyrick）是一种世界性的番茄破坏性入侵害虫。在这项研究中，我们结合亚致死生物测定和转录组分析来评估阿维菌素的跨代影响，并鉴定与发育、繁殖和解毒相关的基因。暴露于LC10和LC20显著延缓了亲代的发育，降低了化蛹、成虫羽化和繁殖力。这些不利影响延续到后代，表现为与对照相比，蛹持续时间延长，繁殖减少，种群参数降低。RNA-seq分析显示，在不同处理中共有82个差异表达基因（DEGs），其中34个上调，48个下调。发育基因（JHBP）和生殖基因（Vg、VgR）被强烈抑制，而解毒相关基因（如细胞色素p450）则显著上调。通过rnai介导的CYP304F1或CYP339A1沉默的功能验证，与对照组相比，显著增加了阿维菌素诱导的死亡率，证实了它们参与阿维菌素解毒。这些结果表明，阿维菌素对绝对田鼠具有跨代亚致死效应，降低了繁殖力，但增强了解毒能力，表明存在适应性权衡。该研究为阿维菌素暴露的生态后果提供了分子见解，并支持其作为综合虫害管理策略的潜在作用。

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引用次数: 0

Citral-based acylthiourea derivative enhances the efficacy of thiophanate-methyl against Rhizoctonia solani through membrane destabilization 柠檬醛基酰基硫脲衍生物通过膜失稳增强硫代甲基对茄枯丝核菌的抑制作用

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106911

Xiaoyi Pan , Hongyan Si , Suhua Yuan , Wuxiong Wang , Guoxiang Liao , Wenjing Yuan , Ji Zhang , Jie Song , Shangxing Chen , Zongde Wang , Shengliang Liao

Rhizoctonia solani is a highly destructive fungal pathogen of rice, and effective management currently depends heavily on chemical fungicides such as thiophanate-methyl (TM). To establish a sustainable approach for enhancing fungicide efficacy, we screened 22 citral-based acylthiourea derivatives and identified compound e3 as a highly effective synergist of thiophanate-methyl (TM), achieving a synergistic ratio of 3.88. When the molar ratio of e3 is 20 %, the mixture of e3 and TM (SETM) exhibits a pronounced antifungal activity against R. solani, both in vivo and in vitro. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses demonstrated that steroid biosynthesis and membrane lipid metabolism were the primary pathways affected following the addition of e3. Notably, genes including Cytochromes P450 and sterol reductase ERG24 were significantly upregulated and exhibited strong correlations with multiple membrane lipid metabolites. Physiological and biochemical analyses revealed that e3 could induce an increase in ergosterol content, promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, SETM exhibited additional effects by increasing membrane permeability, causing intracellular substance leakage, and inhibiting energy metabolism. Importantly, the incorporation of e3 did not enhance the cytotoxicity of TM toward mammalian cells. These findings show that e3 is a highly effective synergist that disrupts fungal membrane lipid homeostasis and impairs key physiological functions, significantly enhancing TM's antifungal activity. The study advances understanding of fungicide–synergist interactions and offers a sustainable strategy to improve efficacy without sacrificing safety.

茄枯丝核菌是一种对水稻具有高度破坏性的真菌病原体，目前有效的防治主要依赖于化学杀菌剂，如甲基硫代盐（TM）。为了建立一种可持续提高杀菌剂药效的方法，我们筛选了22个柠檬醛基酰基硫脲衍生物，并鉴定出化合物e3是硫代甲基（TM）的高效增效剂，增效比为3.88。当e3的摩尔比为20%时，e3与TM （SETM）的混合物在体内和体外均表现出明显的抗真菌活性。综合转录组学和代谢组学分析表明，添加e3后，类固醇生物合成和膜脂代谢是受影响的主要途径。值得注意的是，包括细胞色素P450和甾醇还原酶ERG24在内的基因显著上调，并与多种膜脂代谢产物表现出强烈的相关性。生理生化分析表明，e3可诱导麦角甾醇含量增加，促进活性氧（ROS）的积累，增强抗氧化酶的活性。此外，SETM还表现出增加膜通透性、引起细胞内物质渗漏和抑制能量代谢的附加效应。重要的是，e3的掺入并没有增强TM对哺乳动物细胞的细胞毒性。这些结果表明，e3是一种高效的协同剂，可以破坏真菌膜脂稳态，损害关键生理功能，显著增强TM的抗真菌活性。该研究促进了对杀菌剂-增效剂相互作用的理解，并提供了一种在不牺牲安全性的情况下提高药效的可持续策略。

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引用次数: 0