Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献_第4页

Soil type regulates the development and insecticide susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda by modulating maize growth and nutritional content 土壤类型通过调节玉米的生长和营养成分来调控狐夜蛾的发育和对杀虫剂的敏感性

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106952

Shi-Wen Deng , Mohammed Esmail Abdalla Elzaki , Wei Liang , Muhammad Hafeez , Wan-Ting Li , Rui-Long Wang

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a globally significant invasive agricultural pest. Soil type is a key environmental factor. However, how soil affects the development and insecticide sensitivity of this pest through the host plant remains unclear. This study investigated maize growth and nutritional status under three soil types (latosolic red soil, cinnamon soil, and black soil) and assessed the corresponding effects on the development and insecticide sensitivity of S. frugiperda feeding on the maize. Results showed that, compared to maize grown in relatively infertile latosolic red soil, cultivation in cinnamon or black soil significantly enhanced maize biomass accumulation and leaf nutrient levels. Larvae reared on maize from cinnamon or black soil exhibited significantly higher survival rates and improved food digestibility, alongside prolonged larval development but shorter adult longevity, compared to those fed on latosolic red soil maize. Furthermore, larval body weight increased substantially (by 37.34–54.92% at the 4th instar), while susceptibility to lambda-cyhalothrin decreased, evidenced by 1.64–1.97 times higher LC₅₀ values. Regression analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between LC₅₀ and larval weight (p = 0.014, R² = 0.99). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) confirmed an indirect effect of soil on LC₅₀ (indirect effect = 0.834). Random Forest modeling and amino acid supplementation experiments further identified leucine and valine as the key nutritional factors mediating these effects. This study reveals the complex soil-pest-insecticide susceptibility relationship and underscores the importance of integrating soil properties into integrated pest management. The findings provide a scientific basis for developing precise and quantitative pest control strategies tailored to specific field soil conditions.

秋粘虫（Spodoptera frugiperda）是一种全球性的重要农业入侵害虫。土壤类型是关键的环境因子。然而，土壤如何通过寄主植物影响这种害虫的发育和对杀虫剂的敏感性仍不清楚。研究了红壤、褐土和黑土3种土壤类型下玉米的生长和营养状况，并评价了相应的土壤类型对食食玉米的frugiperda发育和对杀虫剂敏感性的影响。结果表明，与在相对贫瘠的红壤中种植玉米相比，在褐土和黑土中种植玉米显著提高了玉米生物量积累和叶片养分水平。与红壤玉米相比，用褐土或黑土玉米饲养的幼虫存活率和食物消化率显著提高，幼虫发育时间延长，成虫寿命缩短。4龄幼虫体重显著增加（增幅为37.34 ~ 54.92%），对高效氯氟氰菊酯的敏感性降低，LC50值提高1.64 ~ 1.97倍。回归分析表明，LC50与幼虫体重呈显著正相关（p = 0.014, R2 = 0.99）。结构方程模型（SEM）证实了土壤对LC50的间接影响（间接影响= 0.834）。随机森林模型和氨基酸补充实验进一步确定亮氨酸和缬氨酸是介导这些效应的关键营养因子。该研究揭示了复杂的土壤-害虫-杀虫剂敏感性关系，强调了将土壤性质纳入害虫综合治理的重要性。研究结果为制定适合特定田间土壤条件的精确和定量虫害防治策略提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Biocontrol efficacy and mechanism of Bacillus subtilis PL5 against root rot of sweet potato: Insights into antifungal activity and metabolite function 枯草芽孢杆菌PL5对甘薯根腐病的生物防治效果及机制：抑菌活性及代谢物功能研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106947

Yushun Liu , Zhenlin Han , Xinyu Li , Yinuo Tang , Bin Wang , Zunyang Song , Jingying Shi

Fusarium solani causes sweet potato root rot disease under optimal temperature conditions. Biocontrol using antagonistic microorganisms offers a sustainable and eco-friendly management strategy through dual mechanisms: direct pathogen suppression and induction of systemic plant resistance. Bacillus subtilis PL5 culture broth significantly reduced the plaque diameter of F. solani, impaired spore germination, and curtailed germ tube length. Furthermore, it triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, initiating apoptosis and membrane integrity disruption. In vivo experiments demonstrated that spraying with B. subtilis PL5 culture broth mitigated root rot incidence in sweet potato. It enhanced the activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD), thereby strengthening the antioxidative capacity of roots and balancing ROS levels, including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion radical (O₂^.-). Concurrently, B. subtilis PL5 culture broth modulated polyamines (PAs) metabolism, leading to significant elevations in putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm) levels, as well as enhanced activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and PA oxidase (PAO) and decline in diamine oxidase (DAO) activity. Natural disease occurrence studies showed that B. subtilis PL5 widely suppressed the disease progression in sweet potatoes. In addition, non-targeted metabolic and “Pearson” correlation analysis showed the metabolites in B. subtilis PL5 were closely related to the levels of ROS and PAs. Collectively, these findings elucidate the mechanism basis by which B. subtilis PL5 mediates pathogen suppression and enhances resistance, providing novel insights for developing sustainable sweet potato protection agent.

在最佳温度条件下，茄枯病菌可引起甘薯根腐病。利用拮抗微生物的生物防治通过双重机制提供了一种可持续和生态友好的管理策略：直接抑制病原体和诱导系统植物抗性。枯草芽孢杆菌PL5培养液显著降低了茄枯菌菌斑直径，抑制了孢子萌发，缩短了芽管长度。此外，它还会引发活性氧（ROS）积累，引发细胞凋亡和膜完整性破坏。体内试验表明，施用枯草芽孢杆菌PL5培养液可减轻甘薯根腐病的发生。增强烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶（NOX）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性，从而增强根的抗氧化能力，平衡过氧化氢（H2O2）和超氧阴离子自由基（O2.-）等活性氧水平。同时，枯草芽孢杆菌PL5培养液调节了多胺（PAs）代谢，导致腐胺（Put）、亚精胺（Spd）和精胺（Spm）水平显著升高，精氨酸脱羧酶（ADC）、鸟氨酸脱羧酶（ODC）和PA氧化酶（PAO）活性增强，二胺氧化酶（DAO）活性下降。自然发病研究表明，枯草芽孢杆菌PL5广泛抑制甘薯病害进展。此外，非靶向代谢和“Pearson”相关分析显示，枯草芽孢杆菌PL5的代谢物与ROS和PAs水平密切相关。这些发现阐明了枯草芽孢杆菌PL5介导病原菌抑制和增强抗性的机制基础，为开发可持续的甘薯保护剂提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Acid-triggered degradation of a silicon-based nanopesticide activates SA-dependent conifer defense against Dioryctria sylvestrella 酸触发的硅基纳米农药降解激活sa依赖针叶树防御双氧化藓

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106948

Zheng Wang , Antong Ma , Jiaxing Fang , Xiaoqi Xu , Wei Gan , Jiayue Liu , Fu Liu , Sufang Zhang , Defu Chi , Dafeng Chen , Yapei Wang , Xiangbo Kong

Pine forests in northern China are heavily infested by wood-boring insects, the cryptic life cycles of which make conventional control measures ineffective. We addressed this threat with Sp@SNP, a silicon-based nanopesticide synthesized by polymerization of silane monomers, in which spirotetramat (Sp) was physically entrapped at a loading of 19.92%. The resulting 118-nm nanoparticles showed exceptional water dispersibility, rapid plant uptake, and excellent penetration into the insect cuticle. Sp@SNP selectively released its active ingredient, spirotetramat, in an acid-triggered manner, whereas the silicon-based nanocarrier (SNP) activated salicylic acid (SA)-mediated systemic resistance in plants. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling revealed pronounced activation of phenylalanine–phenylpropanoid metabolism, elevated SA signaling, and a 2–5-fold increase in levels of defense enzymes (e.g., peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and polyphenol oxidase), accompanied by phenolic accumulation. Drone application of Sp@SNP to Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) achieved rapid xylem translocation and increased larval mortality of the pine tip moth (Dioryctria sylvestrella) by 23.6% compared to a conventional spirotetramat suspension concentrate. Our results demonstrate that Sp@SNP is a precise and sustainable method for controlling wood-boring insects that exerts insecticidal effects and induces SA-mediated systemic resistance in pine trees.

在中国北方的松林中，蛀木昆虫大量出没，这些昆虫的生命周期隐秘，使得传统的防治措施无效。我们用Sp@SNP解决了这一威胁，Sp@SNP是一种硅烷单体聚合合成的硅基纳米农药，其中螺虫（Sp）以19.92%的负载被物理捕获。所得的118纳米颗粒具有优异的水分散性、快速的植物吸收和良好的渗透进入昆虫角质层的能力。Sp@SNP以酸触发的方式选择性释放其活性成分螺虫碱，而硅基纳米载体（SNP）则激活水杨酸（SA）介导的植物全身抗性。综合转录组和代谢组分析显示，苯丙氨酸-苯丙氨酸代谢明显激活，SA信号升高，防御酶（如过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和多酚氧化酶）水平增加2 - 5倍，并伴有酚积累。与传统的螺虫悬浮液相比，Sp@SNP在蒙古苏地松（Pinus sylvestris vart . mongolica）上的应用实现了木质部快速易位，使松尖蛾（Dioryctria sylvestrella）的幼虫死亡率提高了23.6%。我们的研究结果表明Sp@SNP是一种精确和可持续的方法来控制蛀木昆虫，这些昆虫在松树中产生杀虫作用并诱导sa介导的系统抗性。

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引用次数: 0

New mechanistic insights into the antiviral candidate CA-P: Activation of plant redox-mediated defense and suppression of virus biosynthesis 抗病毒候选物CA-P的新机制：激活植物氧化还原酶介导的防御和抑制病毒生物合成

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106906

Rong-Shuang Luo , Yan-Wei Huang , Yu-Cheng Gu , Long Cheng , Wu-Bin Shao , Yan-Mei Liao , Qian Guo , Dan Zeng , Hong-Mei Xiang , Xiang Zhou , Li-Wei Liu , Zhi-Bing Wu , Song Yang

Viral diseases seriously threaten global agriculture, driving the need for new antiviral agents. Currently, viricide development is hindered by limited antiviral agent diversity and unclear mechanisms. Here, we reported that a novel cinnamic acid derivative, CA-P, exhibited strong antiviral activity against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), with EC₅₀ values of 160.35 mg·L⁻¹ (protective efficacy) and 324.21 mg·L⁻¹ (curative efficacy). It also showed low toxicity to non-target organisms (zebrafish, earthworms, bees, and silkworms). To support the rational design of cinnamic acid-based antiviral molecules and to clarify the relationship between plant defense responses and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, we systematically investigated the mechanism of action of CA-P. Integrated RNA sequencing and biochemical analyses revealed that CA-P modulates redox homeostasis by enhancing the activity of key ROS-scavenging enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). Simultaneously, CA-P activated a set of ROS-mediated defense responses, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, calcium ion flux, hypersensitive response (HR), and systemic acquired resistance via salicylic acid-dependent pathways. These synergistic mechanisms collectively enhance plant resistance against viral infection and environmental stressors. Overall, this study provides innovative insights into the antiviral applications of cinnamic acid derivatives and offers a new perspective on the interplay between defense responses and ROS regulation, thereby facilitating the development of novel plant resistance inducers.

病毒性疾病严重威胁着全球农业，推动了对新型抗病毒药物的需求。目前，抗病毒药物种类有限，作用机制不明确，阻碍了杀毒剂的发展。本文报道了一种新的肉桂酸衍生物CA-P对烟草花叶病毒（TMV）具有较强的抗病毒活性，其EC50值为160.35 mg·L−1（保护效果）和324.21 mg·L−1（疗效）。它对非目标生物（斑马鱼、蚯蚓、蜜蜂和蚕）也显示出低毒性。为了支持基于肉桂酸的抗病毒分子的合理设计，并阐明植物防御反应与活性氧（ROS）调节之间的关系，我们系统地研究了CA-P的作用机制。综合RNA测序和生化分析表明，CA-P通过增强关键活性氧清除酶的活性来调节氧化还原稳态，包括超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）。同时，CA-P激活了一系列ros介导的防御反应，如丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号级联、钙离子通量、超敏反应（HR）和系统性获得性耐药等，通过水杨酸依赖途径。这些协同机制共同增强了植物对病毒感染和环境胁迫的抗性。总之，本研究为肉桂酸衍生物的抗病毒应用提供了创新的见解，并为防御反应与ROS调控之间的相互作用提供了新的视角，从而促进了新型植物抗性诱导剂的开发。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial degradation of thifensulfuron-methyl by Klebsiella grimontii ES8 and its degradative enzyme kg-RutF: Mechanistic insights and bioremediation potential 格氏克雷伯菌ES8及其降解酶kg-RutF降解甲基硫虫隆的机理及生物修复潜力

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106944

Yufeng Xiao , Shengbo Wang , Kai Wei , Bingbing Yang , Minghui Zhao , Chuqing Shan , Hongyu Pan , Hao Zhang

The extensive use of pesticides poses an increasing threat to agricultural production and environmental safety. Improper application of thifensulfuron-methyl has resulted in persistent environmental contamination. Microbial degradation is an economical and environmentally friendly strategy for its removal. Under controlled conditions (30 °C, pH 7.0, 1% inoculum, and an initial concentration of 50 mg L⁻¹), Klebsiella grimontii ES8 achieved a degradation efficiency of 92.27%. Upon thifensulfuron-methyl exposure, strain ES8 exhibited elevated reactive oxygen species levels and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, which were alleviated by the activation of redox-related defense enzymes. Potential degradation-related genes were screened using RT-qPCR and bioinformatic analysis, revealing that Kg-sulA and Kg-rutF were upregulated by 13.55-fold and 22.36-fold, respectively. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that Kg-rutF encoded a functional enzyme involved in thifensulfuron-methyl degradation. Heterologous expression and enzymatic characterization demonstrated that Kg-RutF exhibited V_max of 57.5 μM min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ and K_m of 7.41 μM, indicating strong substrate affinity. The enzyme maintained activity under elevated temperature (60 °C), alkaline conditions, high substrate concentrations, and in the presence of Pb²⁺ and Fe²⁺ ions. Site-directed mutagenesis identified Gly151 as a critical residue, with the G151A mutant retaining only 22.26% of wild-type activity. Furthermore, thifensulfuron-methyl was transformed into thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, expanding the proposed degradation pathway. Bioremediation experiments showed that strain ES8 and Kg-RutF degraded 77.95% and 53.75% of thifensulfuron-methyl in contaminated soil, respectively, confirming their remediation efficacy. Collectively, these results provide insights into the microbial degradation and bioremediation of thifensulfuron-methyl.

农药的广泛使用对农业生产和环境安全构成越来越大的威胁。甲基噻虫磺隆的不当使用造成了持续的环境污染。微生物降解是一种既经济又环保的去除方法。在控制条件下（30°C, pH 7.0, 1%接种量，初始浓度为50 mg L−1），格氏克雷伯菌ES8的降解效率为92.27%。暴露于甲基硫苯磺隆后，菌株ES8表现出活性氧水平升高和线粒体膜电位降低，这是通过激活氧化还原相关防御酶来缓解的。通过RT-qPCR和生物信息学分析筛选潜在的降解相关基因，发现Kg-sulA和Kg-rutF分别上调13.55倍和22.36倍。分子对接和分子动力学模拟表明，Kg-rutF编码了一种参与甲基硫芬磺隆降解的功能酶。外源表达和酶促鉴定表明，Kg-RutF的Vmax为57.5 μM min−1 mg−1，Km为7.41 μM，具有较强的底物亲和力。该酶在高温（60°C）、碱性条件、高底物浓度以及Pb2+和Fe2+离子存在下保持活性。定点突变鉴定Gly151为关键残基，G151A突变体仅保留22.26%的野生型活性。此外，噻吩磺隆-甲基转化为噻吩-2-羧酸，扩展了所提出的降解途径。生物修复实验表明，菌株ES8和Kg-RutF对污染土壤中甲基硫虫隆的降解率分别为77.95%和53.75%，证实了其修复效果。总的来说，这些结果为甲基硫虫隆的微生物降解和生物修复提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Biocontrol of Apple Valsa Canker by Bacillus sp. H12 and modulation of the apple seedlings microbiome 芽孢杆菌H12对苹果溃疡病的防制及对苹果幼苗微生物群的调控

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106946

Ling Sun , Jianxin Gao , Yawen Tan , Yiting Xia , Ruolin Wang , Ruiqi Liu , Xinmei Zhang , Xia Yan , Lili Huang

Apple Valsa Canker (AVC), caused by the fungal pathogen Cytospora mali, is the most devastating stem disease in East Asia apple production systems. As an eco-friendly alternative to chemical control, biological control strategies have attained prominence for mitigating environmental pollution and preventing pathogen resistance. In this study, a soil-derived bacterial strain significantly inhibited AVC and promoted plant growth. The strain was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens using combined morphological and molecular characterization and designated as H12. The bacterium directly induces abnormal branching of C. mali hyphae, cytoplasmic leakage, and cell wall rupture, ultimately leading to mycelia death. H12 exhibits strong control efficacy against AVC on in vitro branches and the leaves of tissue-cultured seedlings. Notably, H12 upregulates immune-related gene expression in apple, enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and increases callose deposition. Microbiome sequencing indicates that H12 modulates the structure of the apple phyllosphere bacterial community, enriches beneficial microorganisms, and enhances host resistance. Furthermore, the strain achieves a 55.56% disease control efficacy in field trials, demonstrating its potential for practical application as a promising microbial agent. In summary, H12 has dual functions, directly inhibiting pathogenic fungi and inducing host resistance, providing theoretical and practical support for the green management of AVC.

苹果溃疡病（AVC）是东亚苹果生产系统中最具破坏性的茎部病害，由真菌病原体马利细胞孢子虫（Cytospora mali）引起。生物防治作为一种替代化学防治的生态友好型防治策略，在减轻环境污染和预防病原菌耐药性方面已得到重视。在本研究中，一种土壤来源的菌株显著抑制AVC，促进植物生长。经形态学和分子鉴定，该菌株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌，编号为H12。该菌直接诱导马利梭菌菌丝分支异常，细胞质渗漏，细胞壁破裂，最终导致菌丝死亡。H12对离体枝和组培苗叶片的AVC有较强的防治效果。值得注意的是，H12上调苹果免疫相关基因的表达，增加活性氧（ROS）的积累，增加胼胝质沉积。微生物组测序结果表明，H12调节苹果层球细菌群落结构，丰富有益微生物，增强寄主抗性。此外，该菌株在田间试验中的防虫率达到55.56%，显示了其作为一种有前景的微生物剂的实际应用潜力。综上所述，H12具有直接抑制病原菌和诱导宿主抗性的双重功能，为AVC的绿色管理提供了理论和实践支持。

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引用次数: 0

Precision pest management: Genome editing tools, specifically CRISPR/Cas9 and future prospects 精确害虫管理：基因组编辑工具，特别是CRISPR/Cas9和未来展望

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106941

Ankush Saini , Neha Sharma , Nidhi Sharma , Neha Kumari , Muskaan Sharma , Brajesh Singh , Ajay Kumar Thakur

The growing resistance to synthetic insecticides and Bt toxins, alongside persistent crop losses despite heavy pesticide application, highlights the urgent need for safer, sustainable and efficient pest management strategies. This review presents genome editing as a precise and versatile approach to reduce pest impact by altering fertility, feeding patterns or vulnerability, while protecting beneficial organisms. Among the genome editing tools, CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9) is one of the most promising genome editing techniques in insects. It facilitates targeted functional studies, integration with RNAi and dual-expression systems and gene drive applications. Deployment is envisioned in two phases, initial laboratory modification followed by regulated field release, with a strong emphasis on biosafety through terminator genes, marked individuals for gene flow monitoring, optimized dosages, stringent screening and long-term ecological surveillance, along with transparency and adherence to international safety protocols. Significant challenges encompass delivery efficiency, identification of edits, off-target mutations, dose-related efficacy and sterility, unstable transmission and resistance development. Innovations such as base and prime editing minimize unintended mutations by circumventing double-stranded breaks (DSBs), while paratransgenic strategies targeting gut symbionts offer supplementary avenues; plant-mediated insect gene editing emerges as a promising frontier. Overall, carefully regulated trials aligned with policy frameworks and stakeholder involvement are vital to assess effectiveness in natural environments and achieve targeted, dependable and ecologically responsible pest control.

对合成杀虫剂和Bt毒素的耐药性日益增强，加之尽管大量施用农药，作物仍持续损失，这突出表明迫切需要更安全、可持续和有效的病虫害管理战略。这篇综述介绍了基因组编辑作为一种精确和通用的方法，通过改变生育力、喂养模式或脆弱性来减少有害生物的影响，同时保护有益生物。在基因组编辑工具中，CRISPR/Cas9 （Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9）是最有前途的昆虫基因组编辑技术之一。它促进了有针对性的功能研究，与RNAi和双表达系统以及基因驱动应用的集成。部署计划分两个阶段进行，首先在实验室进行初步修改，然后进行规范的现场释放，重点强调通过终止基因的生物安全性，标记个体进行基因流监测，优化剂量，严格筛选和长期生态监测，以及透明度和遵守国际安全协议。重大挑战包括递送效率、编辑鉴定、脱靶突变、剂量相关功效和不育、不稳定传播和耐药性发展。碱基和引物编辑等创新通过规避双链断裂（dsb）来最大限度地减少意外突变，而针对肠道共生体的准转基因策略提供了补充途径；植物介导的昆虫基因编辑成为一个有前途的前沿。总体而言，与政策框架和利益攸关方参与相一致的精心监管的试验对于评估自然环境中的有效性和实现有针对性、可靠和对生态负责的虫害防治至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Bitter gustatory receptor modulates the immune response of Coptotermes formosanus against Metarhizium anisopliae 味觉受体调控台湾白蚁对金龟子绿僵菌的免疫反应

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106940

Weiwen Chen, Shijun Zhang, Zhiqiang Li

Many termite species are classified as pests, and current control methods primarily rely on chemical insecticides, which pose environmental risks. Biological control using Metarhizium anisopliae offers a promising alternative, but its efficacy is limited by the termite's complex social and physiological defense mechanisms. Gustatory receptors (GRs) are known to mediate insect behaviors such as feeding and avoidance, yet their roles in antifungal immunity remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified 14 GR genes from the Coptotermes formosanus genome, a globally significant termite pest.Their functional roles were investigated using RNA interference. Knockdown of CfGr3, a putative bitter gustatory receptor, significantly reduced termite survival and impaired avoidance behavior in response to M. anisopliae. Furthermore, CfGr3 suppression suppressed the humoral immune response, as shown by decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides (termicin and lysozyme) and higher fungal load. Transcriptome analysis identified the crustacean cardioactive peptide receptor (CCAP-R) as a downstream target of CfGr3. Knockdown of CCAP-R similarly compromised avoidance behavior and immunity of termites. Our findings indicate that CfGr3 plays a critical role in coordinating behavioral and immune defenses against fungal infection.These results advance understanding of social immunity in termites and identify potential molecular targets for improved biocontrol strategies.

许多白蚁种类被列为有害生物，目前的防治方法主要依赖化学杀虫剂，这对环境造成了风险。利用绿僵菌对白蚁进行生物防治是一种很有前景的方法，但其防治效果受到白蚁复杂的社会和生理防御机制的限制。众所周知，味觉受体（GRs）介导昆虫的进食和躲避等行为，但它们在抗真菌免疫中的作用仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们从全球重要的白蚁害虫台湾白蚁基因组中鉴定了14个GR基因。利用RNA干扰研究了它们的功能作用。CfGr3是一种假定的苦味感受器，敲低CfGr3可显著降低白蚁对绿僵菌的存活率和回避行为。此外，CfGr3的抑制抑制了体液免疫反应，表现为抗菌肽（termicin和溶菌酶）的表达减少和真菌负荷增加。转录组分析发现甲壳类动物心脏活性肽受体（CCAP-R）是CfGr3的下游靶点。CCAP-R基因的敲低同样会影响白蚁的回避行为和免疫力。我们的研究结果表明，CfGr3在协调针对真菌感染的行为和免疫防御中起关键作用。这些结果促进了对白蚁社会免疫的理解，并确定了改进生物防治策略的潜在分子靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Herbicidal activity mechanism and ecotoxicological study of novel triazolinone PPO inhibitors based on plant-derived allelochemical cinnamic acid 基于植物化感化学物质肉桂酸的新型三唑啉酮类PPO抑制剂除草活性机制及生态毒理学研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106945

Li-Xia Zhao , Xian-Da Guo , Jia-Xiao Li , Yue-Li Zou , Shuang Gao , Ying Fu , Fei Ye

Chemical herbicides are crucial for weed control, affecting crop growth and yield. Yet, their extended use has caused environmental harm and resistance concerns. Developing novel, highly efficient, low-toxicity herbicides with unique mechanisms is imperative. Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) is vital for chlorophyll and heme synthesis, while targeted PPO inhibitors are favoured for their low toxicity to mammals. In this study, 44 phenyltriazolinone-cinnamoyl derivatives were synthesised from cinnamic acid using an active substructure splicing strategy to explore their herbicidal activity and ecotoxicity as PPO inhibitors. Most compounds were more effective against broadleaf weeds than against grass weeds. Compound VII-6 notably inhibited various weeds by over 80% at 37.5 g a.i. ha⁻¹, displaying superior in vitro Echinochloa crus-galli PPO (EcPPO) inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 0.180 ± 0.003 μM) compared to sulfentrazone. VII-6 was safe for soybean, maize, and other crops but caused slight injury to cotton, and it exhibited a broad herbicidal spectrum against 24 weeds species, comparable to that of sulfentrazone. ADMET predictions indicated pharmacokinetic properties of VII-6 akin to sulfentrazone. Predicted ecotoxicity showed VII-6 to be relatively low toxicity to several species of animals, non-toxicity to bees and low environmental persistence. Molecular studies showed stable interactions of VII-6 with NtPPO, forming hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with lower binding free energy than sulfentrazone. In this study, compound VII-6 was initially developed as a novel PPO inhibiting herbicide molecule with low ecotoxicity and sustainable green agriculture prospect.

化学除草剂是控制杂草的关键，影响作物生长和产量。然而，它们的长期使用已经引起了环境危害和耐药性问题。开发具有独特作用机理的新型、高效、低毒除草剂势在必行。原卟啉原氧化酶（PPO）对叶绿素和血红素的合成至关重要，而靶向PPO抑制剂因其对哺乳动物的低毒性而受到青睐。本研究以肉桂酸为原料，采用活性亚结构剪接策略合成了44个苯基三唑啉-肉桂基衍生物，以考察其作为PPO抑制剂的除草活性和生态毒性。多数化合物对阔叶杂草的防治效果优于禾本科杂草。在37.5 g a.i. ha−1条件下，化合物7 -6对多种杂草的抑制率达80%以上，其体外EcPPO抑制活性（IC50 = 0.180±0.003 μM）优于磺胺曲酮。7 -6对大豆、玉米等作物安全，对棉花危害较小，对24种杂草有较宽的除草谱，与磺胺酮相当。ADMET预测显示VII-6的药代动力学性质类似于磺胺酮。预测生态毒性表明，VII-6对几种动物毒性较低，对蜜蜂无毒，环境持久性较低。分子研究表明，7 -6与NtPPO相互作用稳定，形成氢键和疏水相互作用，其结合自由能低于磺胺曲酮。在本研究中，化合物VII-6是一种具有低生态毒性和可持续绿色农业前景的新型PPO抑制除草剂分子。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular insights into the antifungal activity of Bacillus velezensis JLU-53 against Cochliobolus heterostrophus in maize velezensis JLU-53对玉米异养螟抗真菌活性的分子研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2026.106942

Maoxiang Li , Mengjiao Jia , Yuanyuan Tian, Longhao Su, Hongran Tian, Guining Liu, Jun Hu, Xianghui Zhang

Maize (Zea mays L.), a globally cultivated staple grain and economically significant crop, is highly susceptible to Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB), a disease caused by Cochliobolus heterostrophus. This pathogen can lead to substantial losses in both yield and grain quality during the growing season. In this study, Bacillus velezensis strain JLU-53 was identified as a promising biocontrol agent against C. heterostrophus. JLU-53 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against several phytopathogens, including C. heterostrophus, Setosphaeria turcica, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of genes encoding diverse carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), and phenotypic assays confirmed the strain's capacity to produce hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulase, protease, and amylase, as well as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Whole-genome sequencing of JLU-53 identified 13 putative biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Further analysis of secondary metabolites confirmed the production of bacillomycin, macrolactin, and amicoumacin. In vitro experiments demonstrated that JLU-53 significantly inhibited mycelial growth, conidial germination, and appressorium formation of C. heterostrophus, thereby suppressing lesion development of maize leaves. In planta application of JLU-53 activated key defense-related genes in maize, enhanced host resistance, and markedly reduced disease symptoms. These findings indicate that B. velezensis JLU-53 exerts its biocontrol activity through dual mechanisms—direct antagonism and induction of systemic resistance—highlighting its potential as a sustainable and effective biocontrol agent for managing SCLB.

玉米（Zea mays L.）是一种全球种植的主粮和经济重要作物，对南方玉米叶枯病（SCLB）非常敏感。这种病原菌在生长季节可导致产量和粮食品质的重大损失。在本研究中，velezensis芽孢杆菌JLU-53被认为是一种很有前途的生物防治剂。JLU-53具有广谱的抗真菌活性，对异养梭菌（C. heterostrophus）、turcsetosphaeria turcica、solani Rhizoctonia graminearum)、灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）和菌核菌（sclerotium sclerotiorum）均有抑制作用。基因组分析显示存在编码多种碳水化合物活性酶（CAZymes）的基因，表型分析证实该菌株具有产生纤维素酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶等水解酶以及吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）的能力。JLU-53的全基因组测序鉴定出13个推定的生物合成基因簇，负责合成抗菌肽（AMPs）。进一步的次级代谢物分析证实产生了bacillomycin， macrolacactin和amicoumacin。体外实验表明，JLU-53能显著抑制异交棘球霉菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发和附着胞形成，从而抑制玉米叶片的病变发育。在玉米植株上施用JLU-53，激活玉米关键防御相关基因，增强寄主抗性，显著减轻病害症状。这些结果表明，velezensis JLU-53通过直接拮抗和诱导系统抗性的双重机制发挥其生物防治活性，突出了其作为一种可持续有效的防治SCLB的生物制剂的潜力。

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引用次数: 0