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Palliative potential of velutin against abamectin induced cardiac toxicity via regulating JAK1/STAT3, NF-κB, Nrf-2/Keap-1 signaling pathways: An insight from molecular docking 通过调节 JAK1/STAT3、NF-κB、Nrf-2/Keap-1 信号通路,丝胶对阿维菌素诱导的心脏毒性具有缓和潜力分子对接的启示
IF 4.2 1区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106117

Abamectin (ABN) is an agricultural insecticide that is reported to damage various body organs including the heart. Velutin (VLN) is a plant-derived flavonoid that exhibits a wide range of medicinal properties. This study was planned to investigate the medicinal value of VLN against ABN induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Thirty-two male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into four equal groups including the control, ABN (10 mg/kg), ABN (10 mg/kg) + VLN (20 mg/kg), and VLN (20 mg/kg) alone administrated group. The doses were administrated for 6 weeks orally. The results demonstrated that ABN intoxication promoted the gene expression of Nrf-2 and its associated antioxidant genes including glutathione reductase (GSR), heme‑oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) while reducing the gene expression of Keap-1 as well as levels of ROS and MDA. Moreover, ABN exposure enhanced the gene expression of Janus kinase-1 (JAK1), Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), NF-κB, TNF-α, C-reactive proteins, Interferon-gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), IL-1β, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-6 and COX-2. The concentrations of CK-MB, Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), CPK, troponin-I, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and LDH were elevated after ABN administration. ABN intoxication abruptly upregulated the levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax while reducing the levels of Bcl-2 in cardiac tissues. Additionally, ABN exposure prompted various histopathological damages. Nevertheless, VLN treatment remarkably protected the cardiac tissues via regulating aforementioned disruptions. Lastly, molecular docking analysis was performed to determine the potential affinity of VLN and targeted protein i.e., Bax, NF-kB, Nrf-2/Keap1, JAK1 and STAT3. Our in-silico evaluation showed a strong binding affinitybetween VLN and the targeted proteins which further confirms its effectiveness as a cardioprotective agent.

阿维菌素(ABN)是一种农用杀虫剂,据报道会损害包括心脏在内的多个人体器官。维鲁丁(VLN)是一种植物黄酮类化合物,具有广泛的药用价值。本研究计划调查 VLN 对 ABN 诱导的大鼠心脏毒性的药用价值。研究人员将 32 只雄性白化大鼠(Rattus norvegicus)分为四组,包括对照组、ABN(10 毫克/千克)组、ABN(10 毫克/千克)+ VLN(20 毫克/千克)组和 VLN(20 毫克/千克)单独给药组。这些剂量口服 6 周。结果表明,ABN中毒促进了Nrf-2及其相关抗氧化基因(包括谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSR)、血红素氧化酶-1(HO-1)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT))的基因表达,同时降低了Keap-1的基因表达以及ROS和MDA的水平。此外,接触 ABN 会增强 Janus 激酶-1(JAK1)、信号转导和激活转录-3(STAT3)、NF-κB、TNF-α、C 反应蛋白、干扰素-γ 诱导的蛋白 10(IP-10)、IL-1β、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、IL-6 和 COX-2 的基因表达。服用 ABN 后,CK-MB、脑钠肽(BNP)、CPK、肌钙蛋白-I、N-末端前 b 型钠尿肽(NT-proBNP)和 LDH 的浓度升高。ABN 中毒会突然上调心脏组织中 Caspase-3、Caspase-9 和 Bax 的水平,同时降低 Bcl-2 的水平。此外,ABN 暴露还引发了各种组织病理学损伤。然而,VLN 处理可通过调节上述破坏显著保护心脏组织。最后,我们进行了分子对接分析,以确定 VLN 与目标蛋白(即 Bax、NF-kB、Nrf-2/Keap1、JAK1 和 STAT3)的潜在亲和力。我们的室内评估结果表明,VLN 与目标蛋白之间具有很强的结合亲和力,这进一步证实了它作为一种心脏保护剂的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Knockdown of the glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase gene by RNA interference enhances the virulence of entomopathogenic fungi against rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis 通过 RNA 干扰敲除葡萄糖胺-6-磷酸 N-乙酰转移酶基因可增强昆虫病原真菌对稻飞虱的毒力
IF 4.2 1区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106119

Insect cuticle acts as a first line of defense and a physical protective barrier against entomopathogens. Chitin biosynthesis pathway plays a crucial role in chitin formation in the cuticle of insects. Glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNA) is a key enzyme in insect chitin biosynthesis that regulate the chitin formation. However, how GNA-mediated cuticle metabolism influences virulence of entomopathogenic fungi is still unknown. In this study, CmGNA gene was cloned and characterized from the rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. The CmGNA contains an open read frame (ORF) 600 nucleotides, encoding 199 amino acids with an isoelectric point of 8.65 and a molecular weight of 22.30 kDa. The expression profile showed that CmGNA was highly expressed in 4th instar larvae and in the cuticle. Here, we also reported the impact of CmGNA gene and entomopathogenic fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana, on expression pattern of chitin biosynthesis genes, feeding behavior, survival rate and average body weight of infected larvae, phenotypic deformities, rate of pupation, and adult emergence. Our results showed that knockdown of CmGNA and application of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana three days after RNA interference (RNAi) significantly decreased the expression of CmGNA and other associated genes, reduced feeding efficiency and survival rate, and caused loss of average body weight, less rate of pupation and adult emergence of infected larvae. Knockdown of CmGNA gene also increased the lethality of larvae caused by M. anisopliae and B. bassiana and resulted in significantly phenotypic deformities of infected larvae. Our findings illustrated that RNAi-mediated CmGNA knockdown disturbed the chitin synthesis genes that led to enhancing the virulence of M. anisopliae and B. bassiana, which can provide us new insights to develop novel biocontrol strategies against C. medinalis.

昆虫的角质层是抵御昆虫病原体的第一道防线和物理保护屏障。几丁质生物合成途径在昆虫角质层几丁质的形成过程中起着至关重要的作用。葡萄糖胺-6-磷酸 N-乙酰转移酶(GNA)是昆虫几丁质生物合成过程中的一种关键酶,可调节几丁质的形成。然而,GNA 介导的角质层代谢如何影响昆虫病原真菌的毒力尚不清楚。本研究克隆并鉴定了水稻白僵菌 Cnaphalocrocis medinalis 的 CmGNA 基因。CmGNA 含有开放读码框(ORF)600 个核苷酸,编码 199 个氨基酸,等电点为 8.65,分子量为 22.30 kDa。表达谱显示,CmGNA 在四龄幼虫和角质层中高表达。在此,我们还报告了 CmGNA 基因与昆虫病原真菌 Metarhizium anisopliae 和 Beauveria bassiana 对几丁质生物合成基因的表达模式、感染幼虫的摄食行为、存活率和平均体重、表型畸形、化蛹率和成虫出现的影响。结果表明,敲除CmGNA并施用M. anisopliae和B. bassiana RNA干扰(RNAi)三天后,感染幼虫的CmGNA及其他相关基因的表达量明显降低,摄食效率和存活率降低,平均体重减轻,化蛹率和成虫出现率降低。CmGNA基因的敲除还增加了由M. anisopliae和B. bassiana引起的幼虫致死率,并导致感染幼虫的表型明显畸形。我们的研究结果表明,RNAi介导的CmGNA基因敲除扰乱了几丁质合成基因,从而增强了M. anisopliae和B. bassiana的毒力,这为我们开发针对麦地那龙线虫的新型生物防治策略提供了新的启示。
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引用次数: 0
The down-regulation of salivary protein gene expression by etofenprox partially contributed to reducing the risk of increased fecundity in the brown planthopper 醚菊酯对唾液蛋白基因表达的下调在一定程度上有助于降低褐飞虱繁殖力增加的风险
IF 4.2 1区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106118

Etofenprox is a pyrethroid insecticide that acts on the nervous system of insects. Due to its low toxicity to aquatic animals, it is permitted for use in controlling insect pests in rice fields. The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, a significant piercing-sucking pest feeding on rice exclusively, secretes various salivary components when feeding. Salivary proteins are essential for BPH feeding, but their response to etofenprox is not well understood. The application of etofenprox down-regulated the expression of 21 salivary protein genes, among which 9 genes (NlShpa, Salivap 3, CA, NlSEF1, Nl12, NlHSC70–3, NlSP1, NlG14, and NlDNAJB9) showed significant differences. Most differentially expressed genes are found important for BPH physiological processes, except Nl12. Here we found that silencing Nl12 impeded ovary development, thereby inhibiting oocyte formation. The potential explanation was that Nl12 was highly expressed in both salivary gland and ovary, and the ovary development abnormality may be due to the direct effect from expression reduction in ovary and/or indirect influence from expression reduction in salivary gland. Altogether, our findings provide a new insight into the mechanism of action of etofenprox on insect pests and explain part of the reason why etofenprox does not stimulate reproduction in BPH.

Etofenprox 是一种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂,作用于昆虫的神经系统。由于它对水生动物的毒性较低,因此被允许用于控制稻田害虫。褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens 是一种专门以水稻为食的重要穿孔吸食害虫,在取食时会分泌多种唾液成分。唾液蛋白对 BPH 的取食至关重要,但它们对醚菊酯的反应却不甚了解。施用醚菊酯会下调 21 个唾液蛋白基因的表达,其中 9 个基因(NlShpa、Salivap 3、CA、NlSEF1、Nl12、NlHSC70-3、NlSP1、NlG14 和 NlDNAJB9)的表达有显著差异。除 Nl12 外,大多数差异表达基因对良性前列腺增生症的生理过程非常重要。在这里,我们发现沉默 Nl12 会阻碍卵巢发育,从而抑制卵母细胞的形成。可能的解释是,Nl12在唾液腺和卵巢中均高表达,卵巢发育异常可能是由于卵巢中表达减少的直接影响和/或唾液腺中表达减少的间接影响。总之,我们的研究结果为了解醚菊酯对害虫的作用机制提供了新的视角,并解释了醚菊酯不能刺激鳞翅目害虫繁殖的部分原因。
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引用次数: 0
Juvenile hormone inhibits lipogenesis of Spodoptera exigua to response to Bacillus thuringiensis GS57 infection 幼年激素抑制旋毛虫的脂肪生成,以应对苏云金芽孢杆菌 GS57 感染
IF 4.2 1区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106110

The application of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has brought environmental benefits and delayed resistance development of pests. Most studies focus on the Bt insecticidal activity against pests, however, the molecular mechanism of Bt on impairing the growth and development of Spodoptera exigua remains unknown. Here, we show that juvenile hormone (JH) inhibits the lipogenesis mediated by fatty acid synthases (Fas) of S. exigua in response to Bt infection. The weight and lipid accumulation of S. exigua larvae post Bt infection were less than those of larvae without Bt infection. We further demonstrated that Bt infection causes the JH titer with a significant increase, which downregulates the expression of lipogenesis-related genes, SeFas3, SeFas4, and SeFas5, resulting in the delayed development of S. exigua larvae. In addition, the expression levels of SeFas genes were regulated by SeACC, indicating that SeFas genes were modulated by multiple pathways. Our findings reveal that novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the impaired development caused by Bt infection which can inform the development of strategies for the sustainable pest control in the future.

苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)的应用带来了环境效益,并延缓了害虫抗药性的产生。大多数研究集中于 Bt 对害虫的杀虫活性,但 Bt 影响鞘翅目昆虫生长发育的分子机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们发现幼虫激素(JH)会抑制由脂肪酸合成酶(Fas)介导的外翅蝶的脂肪生成。与未感染 Bt 的幼虫相比,感染 Bt 后 S. exigua 幼虫的体重和脂质累积量都较低。我们进一步证明,Bt 感染会导致 JH 滴度显著增加,从而下调脂肪生成相关基因 SeFas3、SeFas4 和 SeFas5 的表达,导致 S. exigua 幼虫发育延迟。此外,SeFas 基因的表达水平还受到 SeACC 的调控,这表明 SeFas 基因受到多种途径的调控。我们的研究结果揭示了 Bt 感染导致发育受损的分子机制,为今后制定可持续害虫控制策略提供了新的思路。
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引用次数: 0
Myosuppressin signaling deficiency affects ovarian development via repression of 20-hydroxyecdysone biosynthesis in Grapholita molesta 肌抑素信号缺乏通过抑制 20-hydroxyecdysone 生物合成影响 Grapholita molesta 的卵巢发育
IF 4.2 1区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106116

The steroid 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is crucial in regulating ovarian development. However, the neuropeptidergic mechanisms underlying ovarian development via 20E are underexplored. In this study, we investigated myosuppressin (MS) signaling in the dominant fruit pest Grapholita molesta and revealed that MS signaling is necessary for 20E biosynthesis during ovarian maturation. Pharmacological and molecular docking analyses confirmed that the GmMS mature peptide could activate its receptor GmMSR. Additionally, transcript expression analyses of GmMS and GmMSR showed different distribution patterns in adults. Notably, GmMSR was also detected in the ovaries of sexually mature females. RNAi-mediated dysfunction of GmMS or GmMSR specifically decreased fertility in females. Furthermore, GmMS or GmMSR knockdown decreased vitellogenin synthesis and uptake, thereby delaying ovarian development. RNA-seq, gene expression validation, and hormone quantification further revealed that GmMS signaling depletion blocked 20E biosynthesis in the ovary. Finally, exogenous MS rescued most dsGmMS- or dsGmMSR-induced ovarian defects and 20E titers. These results suggest that MS/MSR-to-20E signaling regulates ovarian development through vitellogenesis, providing a new perspective on the development of neuroendocrine targets that suppress pest field populations.

类固醇 20-羟基蜕皮激素(20E)对调节卵巢发育至关重要。然而,通过 20E 实现卵巢发育的神经肽能机制尚未得到充分探索。在这项研究中,我们研究了优势果实害虫 Grapholita molesta 的肌抑素(MS)信号传导,发现 MS 信号传导是卵巢成熟过程中 20E 生物合成所必需的。药理和分子对接分析证实,GmMS成熟肽可激活其受体GmMSR。此外,GmMS和GmMSR的转录本表达分析显示了它们在成体中的不同分布模式。值得注意的是,在性成熟雌性动物的卵巢中也检测到了GmMSR。RNAi- 介导的 GmMS 或 GmMSR 功能障碍特异性地降低了雌性的生育能力。此外,GmMS或GmMSR敲除会减少卵黄素的合成和吸收,从而延迟卵巢发育。RNA-seq、基因表达验证和激素定量分析进一步表明,GmMS信号消耗阻碍了卵巢中20E的生物合成。最后,外源MS能挽救大多数dsGmMS或dsGmMSR诱导的卵巢缺陷和20E滴度。这些结果表明,MS/MSR-20E 信号通过卵黄发生调节卵巢发育,为抑制害虫田间种群的神经内分泌靶标的发展提供了一个新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Trichoderma harzianum TIND02 upregulates the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and enzymes and enhances gray blight resistance in tea 毛霉 TIND02 上调茶叶发病相关基因和酶的表达,增强茶叶对灰霉病的抗性
IF 4.2 1区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106115

The gray blight incited by Pestalotiopsis and allied genera is a prevalent disease affecting tea cultivation, and managing it with Trichoderma spp. is an alternative to synthetic fungicides. Plants modify their arsenal system against pathogens when they are exposed to Trichoderma spp., which produces proteins and enzymes associated with pathogenesis. Understanding the expression pattern of defense-related markers will help in developing gray blight resistance tea cultivars. Thus, this study intended to induce resistance against gray blight in tea by Trichoderma harzianum TIND02. For this, a total of eight Trichoderma isolates originated from organic tea rhizospheres were characterized and evaluated for their efficacy. Dual culture test revealed isolate TIND02 as the most potential candidate with 74.6% inhibitory activity against gray blight pathogen Pseudopestalotiopsis theae. Molecular characterization based on ITS and tef-1 alpha genes confirmed isolate TIND02 as T. harzianum. Scanning electron microscopic study showed the mycoparasitic nature of T. harzianum TIND02 (TH-TIND02) to Ps. theae. The ethyl acetate extract of TH-TIND02 at 100 and 200 μg mL−1 showed potential inhibitory activity (>69.9%) against Ps. theae which confirmed the presence of higher volatile metabolites. Gas chromatography–Mass spectrometry study revealed that ethyl acetate extract of TH-TIND02 was composed of 21 major and minor volatile organic compounds with acetamide, 2, 2, 2-trifluoro-N, N-bis trimethyIsilyl–C (94.74%) as a major component. The isolate also produced chitinase, cellulase, β-1, 3 glucanase, and protease hydrolytic enzymes. Nursery experiments revealed that 2% and 5% doses (2 × 106 CFU mL−1) of TH-TIND02 significantly reduced respective 65.0% and 70.0% disease severity over control with improved plant growth. Besides, expressions of defense-related enzymes (chitinase, pHenolics, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, β-1, 3-glucanase, and polyphenol oxidase) and pathogenesis-related genes (chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase) due to TH-TIND02 were determined. The secretion of defense-related enzymes was highly upregulated in plants applied with TH-TIND02 followed by Ps. theae inoculation compared to controls. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression of both genes in co-inoculated plants was two-fold higher than in control after 21-day post incubation. These results suggest that TH-TIND02 application reduced gray blight severity by elevated enzyme activity and overexpressed pathogenesis-related genes in tea plants which offer for its eco-friendly and sustainable use as a bio-fungicide in tea gardens.

由 Pestalotiopsis 及其同属引起的灰疫病是影响茶叶种植的一种普遍病害,用毛霉菌属来防治这种病害是合成杀菌剂的一种替代方法。当植物接触到毛霉菌属时,它们会改变自身的防御系统,产生与致病相关的蛋白质和酶。了解防御相关标记的表达模式将有助于开发抗灰萎病菌的茶叶品种。因此,本研究旨在通过毛霉 TIND02 诱导茶叶对灰枯病的抗性。为此,研究人员对源自有机茶根瘤的 8 个毛霉分离株进行了特征鉴定和功效评估。双重培养试验显示,分离株 TIND02 对灰枯病病原体 Pseudopestalotiopsis theae 的抑制活性为 74.6%,是最有潜力的候选菌株。根据 ITS 和 tef-1 alpha 基因进行的分子鉴定证实,分离物 TIND02 为 T. harzianum。扫描电子显微镜研究表明,T. harzianum TIND02(TH-TIND02)对假丝酵母具有寄生性。在 100 和 200 μg mL-1 的浓度下,TH-TIND02 的乙酸乙酯提取物对 Ps.气相色谱-质谱研究表明,TH-TIND02 的乙酸乙酯提取物由 21 种主要和次要挥发性有机化合物组成,其中乙酰胺、2,2,2-三氟-N,N-双三甲基硅烷-C(94.74%)是主要成分。该分离物还能产生几丁质酶、纤维素酶、β-1, 3葡聚糖酶和蛋白水解酶。苗圃实验表明,2%和 5%剂量(2 × 106 CFU mL-1)的 TH-TIND02 能显著降低病害严重程度,分别比对照降低 65.0% 和 70.0%,同时改善植物生长。此外,还测定了 TH-TIND02 导致的防御相关酶(几丁质酶、pHenolics、过氧化物酶、苯丙氨酸氨裂解酶、β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶和多酚氧化酶)和致病相关基因(几丁质酶和β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶)的表达。与对照组相比,施用 TH-TIND02 后再接种 Ps.RT-qPCR 分析表明,培养 21 天后,共同接种的植物中这两种基因的表达量是对照组的两倍。这些结果表明,TH-TIND02 的应用通过提高酶活性和过表达茶树中的致病相关基因来降低灰霉病的严重程度,这为其在茶园中作为生物杀菌剂的生态友好和可持续使用提供了条件。
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引用次数: 0
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel isoxazoline derivatives containing 2-phenyloxazoline moieties as potential insecticides 含 2-苯基噁唑啉分子的新型异噁唑啉衍生物作为潜在杀虫剂的设计、合成和评估
IF 4.2 1区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106109

Isoxazoline insecticides have shown broad-spectrum insecticidal activity against a variety of insect pests. However, the high toxicity of isoxazoline compounds towards honeybees restricts their application in crop protection. To mitigate this issue, a series of isoxazoline derivatives containing 2-phenyloxazoline were designed and synthesized. Bioassays revealed that several compounds exhibited promising insecticidal activities against Plutella xylostella, with G28 showing particularly excellent insecticidal activity, reflected by an LC50 value of 0.675 mg/L, which is comparable to that of fluxametamide (LC50 = 0.593 mg/L). Furthermore, G28 also exhibited effective insecticidal activity against Solenopsis invicta. Importantly, bee toxicity experiments indicated that G28 had significantly lower acute oral toxicity (LD50 = 2.866 μg/adult) compared to fluxametamide (LD50 = 1.083 μg/adult) and fluralaner (LD50 = 0.022 μg/adult), positioning it as a promising candidate with reduced toxicity to bees. Theoretical simulation further elucidated the reasons for the selective differences in the ability of isoxazoline to achieve higher insecticidal activity while maintaining lower bee toxicity. This research suggests that isoxazoline compounds containing 2-phenyloxazoline group hold potential as new insecticide candidates and offers insights into the development of novel isoxazoline insecticides with both high efficacy and environmental safety.

异噁唑啉杀虫剂对多种害虫具有广谱杀虫活性。然而,异噁唑啉化合物对蜜蜂的高毒性限制了它们在作物保护中的应用。为了缓解这一问题,我们设计并合成了一系列含有 2-苯基噁唑啉的异噁唑啉衍生物。生物测定显示,几种化合物对木虱具有良好的杀虫活性,其中 G28 的半数致死浓度为 0.675 毫克/升,与氟虫酰胺的半数致死浓度(LC50 = 0.593 毫克/升)相当,显示出特别优异的杀虫活性。此外,G28 还对 Solenopsis invicta 具有有效的杀虫活性。重要的是,蜜蜂毒性实验表明,与氟虫酰胺(LD50 = 1.083 μg/成虫)和氟乐灵(LD50 = 0.022 μg/成虫)相比,G28 的急性经口毒性(LD50 = 2.866 μg/成虫)明显较低,因此有望成为一种对蜜蜂毒性较低的候选化合物。理论模拟进一步阐明了异噁唑啉在保持较低蜜蜂毒性的同时获得较高杀虫活性的选择性差异的原因。这项研究表明,含有 2-苯基噁唑啉基团的异噁唑啉化合物具有作为新型杀虫剂候选物的潜力,并为开发高效和环境安全的新型异噁唑啉杀虫剂提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
The development of silk glands and transcriptome aberration induced by cyantraniliprole in Bombyx mori 氰戊菊酯诱导的丝腺发育和转录组畸变
IF 4.2 1区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106111

Bombyx mori is an insect species of great economic importance, and its silk gland is a vital organ for the synthesis and secretion of silk protein. However, long-term artificial domestication of B. mori has resulted in high sensitivity to chemical toxins, especially insecticides. Cyantraniliprole (Cya), a second-generation ryanodine receptor modulator insecticide, is widely utilized in agriculture for pest control. In this study, the impact of Cya toxicity on the development of silk glands in the 5th instar larvae of B. mori was assessed using Cya LC5, LC10 and LC20, as well as a starvation treatment group for comparison. Short-term exposure (24 h) to different concentrations of Cya resulted in delayed development of silk glands in B. mori. Meanwhile, the body weight, silk gland weight, silk gland index and cocoon quality were significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner, except for the Cya LC5 treatment. Histopathological and ultrastructural analysis revealed that Cya LC10 induced disruption of the nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum in the posterior silk gland (PSG) cells, leading to the formation of intracellular vacuoles. Transcriptome sequencing of PSGs identified 2152 genes that were differentially expressed after exposure to Cya LC10, with 1153 down-regulated genes and 999 up-regulated genes. All differentially expressed genes were subjected to functional annotation using gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database, and it was found that protein synthesis-related pathways were significantly enriched, with the majority of genes being down-regulated. Furthermore, the transcription levels of genes involved in “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum”, “protein export”, “proteasome” and “DNA replication” were quantified using qRT-PCR. Our findings suggested that short-term exposure to Cya LC10 resulted in disruption of DNA replication, as well as protein transport, processing and hydrolysis in the PSG cells of B. mori. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the safe utilization of Cya in sericulture production.

桑蚕是一种具有重要经济价值的昆虫,其丝腺是合成和分泌丝蛋白的重要器官。然而,长期的人工驯化导致桑蚕对化学毒素(尤其是杀虫剂)高度敏感。氰虫酰胺(Cya)是第二代雷诺丁受体调节剂杀虫剂,被广泛用于农业害虫防治。在本研究中,使用 Cya LC5、LC10 和 LC20 评估了 Cya 毒性对 B. mori 5龄幼虫丝腺发育的影响,并使用饥饿处理组进行比较。短期接触(24 小时)不同浓度的 Cya 会导致桑蚕丝腺发育延迟。同时,除Cya LC5处理外,体重、丝腺重量、丝腺指数和蚕茧质量均显著降低,且降低程度与浓度有关。组织病理学和超微结构分析表明,Cya LC10可诱导后丝腺细胞核膜和内质网的破坏,导致细胞内空泡的形成。PSG的转录组测序确定了暴露于Cya LC10后有差异表达的2152个基因,其中1153个基因下调,999个基因上调。利用基因本体论和京都基因和基因组百科全书数据库对所有差异表达基因进行了功能注释,发现蛋白质合成相关通路显著富集,大部分基因下调。此外,还利用 qRT-PCR 对涉及 "内质网蛋白质加工"、"蛋白质输出"、"蛋白酶体 "和 "DNA 复制 "的基因的转录水平进行了定量分析。我们的研究结果表明,短期暴露于 Cya LC10 会导致 B. mori PSG 细胞中 DNA 复制以及蛋白质运输、加工和水解的中断。这项研究结果为在养蚕生产中安全使用 Cya 提供了理论基础。
{"title":"The development of silk glands and transcriptome aberration induced by cyantraniliprole in Bombyx mori","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Bombyx mori</em> is an insect species of great economic importance, and its silk gland is a vital organ for the synthesis and secretion of silk protein. However, long-term artificial domestication of <em>B. mori</em> has resulted in high sensitivity to chemical toxins, especially insecticides. Cyantraniliprole (Cya), a second-generation ryanodine receptor modulator insecticide, is widely utilized in agriculture for pest control. In this study, the impact of Cya toxicity on the development of silk glands in the 5th instar larvae of <em>B. mori</em> was assessed using Cya LC<sub>5</sub>, LC<sub>10</sub> and LC<sub>20</sub>, as well as a starvation treatment group for comparison. Short-term exposure (24 h) to different concentrations of Cya resulted in delayed development of silk glands in <em>B. mori</em>. Meanwhile, the body weight, silk gland weight, silk gland index and cocoon quality were significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner, except for the Cya LC<sub>5</sub> treatment. Histopathological and ultrastructural analysis revealed that Cya LC<sub>10</sub> induced disruption of the nuclear membrane and endoplasmic reticulum in the posterior silk gland (PSG) cells, leading to the formation of intracellular vacuoles. Transcriptome sequencing of PSGs identified 2152 genes that were differentially expressed after exposure to Cya LC<sub>10</sub>, with 1153 down-regulated genes and 999 up-regulated genes. All differentially expressed genes were subjected to functional annotation using gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database, and it was found that protein synthesis-related pathways were significantly enriched, with the majority of genes being down-regulated. Furthermore, the transcription levels of genes involved in “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum”, “protein export”, “proteasome” and “DNA replication” were quantified using qRT-PCR. Our findings suggested that short-term exposure to Cya LC<sub>10</sub> resulted in disruption of DNA replication, as well as protein transport, processing and hydrolysis in the PSG cells of <em>B. mori</em>. The results of this study provide a theoretical foundation for the safe utilization of Cya in sericulture production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Zeta class glutathione S-transferase is involved in phoxim tolerance and is potentially regulated by the transcription factor CncC in Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Zeta 类谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶参与辛硫磷耐受性,并可能受 Agrotis ipsilon(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)转录因子 CncC 的调控
IF 4.2 1区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106106

The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important agricultural pest. Phoxim is an organophosphate insecticide that has been widely used to control A. ipsilon. The extensive application of phoxim has resulted in a reduction in phoxim susceptibility in A. ipsilon. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phoxim tolerance in A. ipsilon remain unclear. In this work, we report the involvement of AiGSTz1, a zeta class glutathione S-transferase, in phoxim tolerance in A. ipsilon. Exposure to a sublethal concentration (LC50) of phoxim dramatically upregulated the transcription level of the AiGSTz1 gene in A. ipsilon larvae, and this upregulation might be caused by phoxim-induced oxidative stress. The recombinant AiGSTz1 protein expressed in Escherichia coli was able to metabolize phoxim. Furthermore, AiGSTz1 displayed antioxidant activity to protect against oxidative stress. Knockdown of AiGSTz1 by RNA interference significantly increased the mortality rate of A. ipsilon larvae in response to phoxim. In addition, the transcription factor AiCncC can bind to the cap ‘n’ collar isoform C: muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (CncC:Maf) binding site in the putative promoter of the AiGSTz1 gene. Silencing of AiCncC resulted in a dramatic downregulation of AiGSTz1. These results indicated that AiGSTz1 is involved in phoxim tolerance and is potentially regulated by AiCncC. These findings provide valuable insights into the defense mechanisms used by A. ipsilon against phoxim.

黑节虫(鳞翅目:夜蛾科)是一种重要的农业害虫。辛硫磷是一种有机磷杀虫剂,已被广泛用于控制黑刺蛾。辛硫磷的广泛应用降低了同翅目蚜虫对辛硫磷的敏感性。然而,同翅目蚜虫对辛硫磷耐受性的分子机制仍不清楚。在这项工作中,我们报告了 AiGSTz1(一种 zeta 类谷胱甘肽 S 转移酶)参与了 A. ipsilon 对辛硫磷耐受性的研究。暴露于亚致死浓度(LC50)的辛硫磷会显著上调 A. ipsilon 幼虫体内 AiGSTz1 基因的转录水平,而这种上调可能是由辛硫磷诱导的氧化应激引起的。在大肠杆菌中表达的重组 AiGSTz1 蛋白能够代谢辛硫磷。此外,AiGSTz1 还具有抗氧化活性,可抵御氧化应激。通过 RNA 干扰敲除 AiGSTz1 能显著提高 A. ipsilon 幼虫对辛硫磷的死亡率。此外,转录因子 AiCncC 可与 AiGSTz1 基因推定启动子中的帽'n'领异构体 C:肌腱膜纤维瘤病(CncC:Maf)结合位点结合。沉默 AiCncC 会导致 AiGSTz1 的显著下调。这些结果表明,AiGSTz1 参与了辛硫磷耐受性的作用,并可能受 AiCncC 的调控。这些发现为了解 A. ipsilon 对辛硫磷的防御机制提供了宝贵的信息。
{"title":"Zeta class glutathione S-transferase is involved in phoxim tolerance and is potentially regulated by the transcription factor CncC in Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The black cutworm, <em>Agrotis ipsilon</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important agricultural pest. Phoxim is an organophosphate insecticide that has been widely used to control <em>A. ipsilon</em>. The extensive application of phoxim has resulted in a reduction in phoxim susceptibility in <em>A. ipsilon</em>. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phoxim tolerance in <em>A. ipsilon</em> remain unclear. In this work, we report the involvement of AiGSTz1, a zeta class glutathione <em>S</em>-transferase, in phoxim tolerance in <em>A. ipsilon</em>. Exposure to a sublethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) of phoxim dramatically upregulated the transcription level of the <em>AiGSTz1</em> gene in <em>A. ipsilon</em> larvae, and this upregulation might be caused by phoxim-induced oxidative stress. The recombinant AiGSTz1 protein expressed in <em>Escherichia coli</em> was able to metabolize phoxim. Furthermore, AiGSTz1 displayed antioxidant activity to protect against oxidative stress. Knockdown of <em>AiGSTz1</em> by RNA interference significantly increased the mortality rate of <em>A. ipsilon</em> larvae in response to phoxim. In addition, the transcription factor AiCncC can bind to the cap ‘n’ collar isoform C: muscle aponeurosis fibromatosis (CncC:Maf) binding site in the putative promoter of the <em>AiGSTz1</em> gene. Silencing of <em>AiCncC</em> resulted in a dramatic downregulation of <em>AiGSTz1</em>. These results indicated that AiGSTz1 is involved in phoxim tolerance and is potentially regulated by AiCncC. These findings provide valuable insights into the defense mechanisms used by <em>A. ipsilon</em> against phoxim.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Design the fusion double-strand RNAs to control two global sap-sucking pests 设计融合双链 RNA 以控制两种全球性吸汁害虫
IF 4.2 1区 农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106114

RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective pest management strategy through silencing the crucial genes in target organisms. However, the effectiveness of targeting a single gene is often limited by the silencing efficiency due to tissue or developmental stage-specific gene expression. Moreover, multiple pests often infest the same crop simultaneously under current ecological conditions. Therefore, a combined strategy of “targeting multiple genes” and “controlling multiple pests” is expected to yield better management results. In this study, homologous genes from two globally sap-sucking pests, the peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and the whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), were screened on a genome-wide scale. Subsequently, RNAi bioassays showed silencing the genes (MpAbd-A, MpH3, MpRpL27a, and MpScr) exhibited high mortalities in both species, which were further selected for designing fusion dsRNAs. These fusion dsRNAs resulted in higher mortalities in both pests than single gene silencing and posed a minimal off-target risk to the predator ladybeetle (Propylaea japonica) based on the sequence analysis. Finally, the tobacco plants expressing the fusion dsRNAs through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology enhanced the resistance to both pests. In conclusion, this study proposes a novel RNAi-based approach for managing two sap-sucking pests simultaneously.

RNA 干扰(RNAi)通过沉默目标生物体内的关键基因,是一种有效的害虫管理策略。然而,由于组织或发育阶段基因表达的特异性,针对单个基因的沉默效率往往会受到限制。此外,在当前的生态条件下,多种害虫往往会同时侵染同一种作物。因此,"靶向多个基因 "和 "控制多种害虫 "相结合的策略有望取得更好的管理效果。本研究在全基因组范围内筛选了桃蚜(Myzus persicae)和粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)这两种全球吸食汁液害虫的同源基因。随后,RNAi 生物测定显示,沉默基因(MpAbd-A、MpH3、MpRpL27a 和 MpScr)对这两种害虫的致死率都很高,因此进一步选择了这些基因设计融合 dsRNA。根据序列分析,与单基因沉默相比,这些融合 dsRNA 对两种害虫的致死率更高,而且对天敌瓢虫(Propylaea japonica)的脱靶风险极低。最后,通过病毒诱导基因沉默(VIGS)技术表达融合 dsRNAs 的烟草植株增强了对两种害虫的抗性。总之,本研究提出了一种基于 RNAi 的同时防治两种吸汁害虫的新方法。
{"title":"Design the fusion double-strand RNAs to control two global sap-sucking pests","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>RNA interference (RNAi) is an effective pest management strategy through silencing the crucial genes in target organisms. However, the effectiveness of targeting a single gene is often limited by the silencing efficiency due to tissue or developmental stage-specific gene expression. Moreover, multiple pests often infest the same crop simultaneously under current ecological conditions. Therefore, a combined strategy of “targeting multiple genes” and “controlling multiple pests” is expected to yield better management results. In this study, homologous genes from two globally sap-sucking pests, the peach aphid (<em>Myzus persicae</em>) and the whitefly (<em>Bemisia tabaci</em>), were screened on a genome-wide scale. Subsequently, RNAi bioassays showed silencing the genes (<em>MpAbd-A</em>, <em>MpH3</em>, <em>MpRpL27a</em>, and <em>MpScr</em>) exhibited high mortalities in both species, which were further selected for designing fusion dsRNAs. These fusion dsRNAs resulted in higher mortalities in both pests than single gene silencing and posed a minimal off-target risk to the predator ladybeetle (<em>Propylaea japonica</em>) based on the sequence analysis. Finally, the tobacco plants expressing the fusion dsRNAs through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology enhanced the resistance to both pests. In conclusion, this study proposes a novel RNAi-based approach for managing two sap-sucking pests simultaneously.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142150675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology
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