Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献_第3页

Research on HaNRX, a potential RNAi target gene in Helicoverpa armigera 棉铃虫RNAi潜在靶基因HaNRX的研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106936

Rui Han , Dongdong Chu , Zhibin Hao , Haichao Li , Xuexia Miao , Shiheng An , Ruobing Guan

The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, a widespread lepidopteran pest, poses a significant threat to global agricultural production. RNA interference (RNAi) technology has emerged as a promising tool for next-generation pest control; however, identifying highly effective target genes remains a critical challenge. This study focuses on Neurexin (NRX), a synaptic cell adhesion protein essential for synapse formation and function, which has been poorly characterized in lepidopteran species. The insecticidal effects of RNAi-mediated silencing of the H. armigera neurexin-4 (HaNRX) gene were evaluated in both first- and fourth-instar larvae, and the potential of plant-mediated RNAi for pest management was assessed. HaNRX knockdown, achieved through either dsRNA feeding or injection, significantly impaired larval growth and development. Furthermore, feeding on transgenic tobacco expressing dsHaNRX resulted in developmental delays in cotton bollworm larvae. In line with these results, suppression of the NRX ortholog in Spodoptera frugiperda also led to effective control of early-instar larvae. These findings highlight plant-mediated RNAi as a promising strategy for managing H. armigera and position NRX as a valuable target for future RNAi-based pest control approaches.

棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera）是一种广泛存在的鳞翅目害虫，对全球农业生产构成重大威胁。RNA干扰（RNAi）技术已成为下一代害虫防治的一种有前途的工具；然而，确定高效靶基因仍然是一个关键的挑战。这项研究的重点是Neurexin (NRX)，一种突触细胞粘附蛋白，对突触的形成和功能至关重要，在鳞翅目物种中研究甚少。研究了RNAi介导的棉铃虫神经素-4 （HaNRX）基因沉默对1龄和4龄棉铃虫的杀虫效果，并评估了植物介导的RNAi在害虫防治中的潜力。通过dsRNA喂养或注射实现的HaNRX敲低显著损害了幼虫的生长和发育。此外，取食表达dsHaNRX的转基因烟草会导致棉铃虫幼虫发育迟缓。与此结果一致，抑制NRX同源基因也能有效控制夜蛾早期幼虫。这些发现强调了植物介导的RNAi是一种很有前途的管理棉蚜的策略，并将NRX定位为未来基于RNAi的害虫防治方法的有价值的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Antagonistic interaction of chlorpyrifos and cadmium in diamondback moth: Metabolic and toxicological insights 毒死蜱与镉在小菜蛾体内的拮抗作用：代谢和毒理学研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106933

Yi-Jun Wu , Kelai Kang , Quangen Wu , Xiaohua Song , Qilian Qin

The management of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella; Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), a major pest of cruciferous vegetables, relies heavily on the use of insecticides. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used insecticide in agriculture, is usually used for the control of pest insects including P. xylostella. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal widely presented in industry and some agrochemicals like fertilizers, which can persist in the environment. Despite the frequent co-occurrence of CPF and Cd as environmental pollutants, the combined toxicity of the two chemicals to insects has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we investigated the interactive effects of CPF and Cd on P. xylostella larvae using toxicity bioassays, biochemical analyses, and GC–MS-based metabonomics. The results showed that both chemicals inhibited the antioxidant enzyme activity with an antagonistic effect. In addition, CPF and Cd exposure altered a range of metabolites including valine, isoleucine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan, malic acid, butanoic acid, α-glycerophosphoric acid, pentanedioic acid, and deoxyribose. Metabolomic analysis further revealed that D-galactofuranose may serve as a biomarker for the co-exposure to CPF and Cd. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that both CPF and Cd induce oxidative damage in P. xylostella, and they interact in an antagonistic manner by suppressing antioxidant capacity and disrupting energy and amino acids metabolism. Environmental Cd likely interferes with CPF toxicity through antagonistic effects on oxidative stress and key metabolic pathways.

小菜蛾（小菜蛾；鳞翅目：小菜蛾科）是十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫，对小菜蛾的管理严重依赖于杀虫剂的使用。毒死蜱（Chlorpyrifos， CPF）是一种广泛应用于农业的杀虫剂，通常用于防治小菜蛾等害虫。镉（Cd）是一种重金属，广泛存在于工业和一些农用化学品中，如化肥，它可以在环境中持续存在。尽管CPF和Cd作为环境污染物经常共存，但这两种化学物质对昆虫的联合毒性尚未得到充分的研究。本研究通过毒性生物测定、生化分析和gc - ms代谢组学研究了CPF和Cd对小菜蛾幼虫的交互作用。结果表明，两种化学物质均对抗氧化酶活性有拮抗作用。此外，CPF和Cd暴露改变了一系列代谢物，包括缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、苹果酸、丁酸、α-甘油磷酸、戊二酸和脱氧核糖。代谢组学分析进一步显示，d -半乳糖呋喃糖可能作为CPF和Cd共暴露的生物标志物。综上所述，这些发现表明CPF和Cd都诱导了小菜蛾的氧化损伤，并且它们通过抑制抗氧化能力和破坏能量和氨基酸代谢以拮抗方式相互作用。环境镉可能通过对氧化应激和关键代谢途径的拮抗作用干扰CPF毒性。

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引用次数: 0

Aedes albopictus CYP6Z8 metabolizes multiple AChE-inhibiting insecticides 白纹伊蚊CYP6Z8代谢多种抑制疼痛的杀虫剂

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106934

Yuhan Zhao , Xiaojie Zhou , Mei Li , Xinghui Qiu

The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus transmits several arboviruses, including chikungunya, Zika, and dengue, posing serious public health threats. The excessive use of insecticides has led to increasing resistance to commonly applied insecticides in this species. We previously observed that enhanced expression of a CYP6Z8 homolog (AalbCYP6Z8) was associated with insecticide resistance in two field populations of Ae. albopictus; however, its capacity in insecticide metabolism had not been biochemically characterized. In this study, to explore the potential role of AalbCYP6Z8 in insecticide metabolism, a fully functional enzyme system was reconstituted in vitro by using Escherichia coli–produced recombinant AalbCYP6Z8 and NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase along with cytochrome b5. Our metabolism assays showed that CYP6Z8 was capable of metabolizing organophosphates (temephos and malathion) and carbamates (propoxur and bendiocarb), but not pyrethroids (deltamethrin and permethrin). Mass spectrometry analyses tentatively identified the structures of specific metabolites, revealing that AalbCYP6Z8 transforms organophosphates through oxidative desulfurization and carbamates through dealkylation and hydroxylation. This work demonstrates that AalbCYP6Z8 is a versatile metabolizer of acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides.

亚洲虎蚊白纹伊蚊传播多种虫媒病毒，包括基孔肯雅热、寨卡和登革热，对公共卫生构成严重威胁。过量使用杀虫剂导致该物种对常用杀虫剂的抗性增强。我们之前观察到CYP6Z8同源物（AalbCYP6Z8）的表达增强与两个大田种群的杀虫剂抗性有关。蚊;然而，其杀虫剂代谢能力尚未得到生物化学表征。为了探索AalbCYP6Z8在杀虫剂代谢中的潜在作用，本研究利用大肠杆菌产生的重组AalbCYP6Z8和nadph依赖性细胞色素P450还原酶以及细胞色素b5在体外构建了一个功能完善的酶系统。我们的代谢实验表明CYP6Z8能够代谢有机磷（双硫磷和马拉硫磷）和氨基甲酸酯（残杀威和苯虫威），但不能代谢拟除虫菊酯（溴氰菊酯和氯菊酯）。质谱分析初步确定了特定代谢物的结构，揭示了AalbCYP6Z8通过氧化脱硫转化有机磷酸盐，通过脱烷基和羟基化转化氨基甲酸酯。这项工作表明，AalbCYP6Z8是乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制杀虫剂的多功能代谢物。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing biological control and advanced technologies for sustainable wheat rust management: An integrated approach 利用生物防治和先进技术进行小麦锈病可持续管理：一种综合方法

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106931

Johannes Mapuranga, Wenxiang Yang

Wheat rusts caused by biotrophic fungi of the genus Puccinia continuously threaten global wheat production and food security. The rapid evolution of virulent races, and the limitations of chemical fungicides, including environmental contamination, human health concerns, and resistance development, necessitate a shift towards integrated management strategies. This review explores biocontrol agents (BCAs), including fungal (Trichoderma spp., Cladosporium cladosporioides), bacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas spp.), and actinomycetes (Streptomyces spp.), as foundational components of wheat rusts management. We highlight their modes of action such as mycoparasitism, antibiosis, competition, and the induction of systemic resistance. Additionally, we explore how cutting-edge adjunct technologies can enhance the efficacy and sustainability of BCAs. These include nano-formulations, for targeted antimicrobial actions and plant defense potentiation; plant extracts and antimicrobial peptides as natural defense elicitors; and artificial intelligence (AI) tools, for presymptomatic detection, severity quantification, epidemic forecasting, and early warning systems that enable precise application of BCAs and nano-formulations. While BCAs, nanoformulations, plant extracts and AI-driven tools offer powerful, environmentally benign alternatives capable of significantly reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals, chemical fungicides remain an essential component of current wheat rusts management, particularly during severe epidemics or when rapid knockdown of inoculum is required. A truly integrated and sustainable strategy therefore combines these novel approaches with the judicious, resistance-management-oriented use of effective chemical fungicides applied according to economic thresholds and in rotation or mixture to delay resistance development, thereby maximizing durability and minimizing environmental impact. However, the successful translation of this strategy to the field hinges on overcoming key challenges in formulation stability, scalable production, and seamless integration into existing and chemical-based agricultural practices to mitigate the impact of wheat rusts and safeguard global wheat yields and food security.

由小麦锈病属生物营养真菌引起的小麦锈病持续威胁着全球小麦生产和粮食安全。有毒菌种的迅速演变以及化学杀菌剂的局限性，包括环境污染、人类健康问题和耐药性的发展，都需要转向综合管理战略。本文综述了生物防治剂（bca），包括真菌（木霉，枝孢杆菌），细菌（枯草芽孢杆菌，假单胞菌）和放线菌（链霉菌），作为小麦锈病管理的基本组成部分。我们强调了它们的作用模式，如真菌寄生、抗生素、竞争和诱导全身抵抗。此外，我们还探讨了尖端辅助技术如何提高bca的有效性和可持续性。这些包括纳米制剂，用于靶向抗菌作用和植物防御增强；植物提取物和抗菌肽作为天然防御激发剂的研究以及人工智能（AI）工具，用于症状前检测、严重程度量化、流行病预测和早期预警系统，使bca和纳米制剂能够精确应用。虽然bca、纳米配方、植物提取物和人工智能驱动的工具提供了强大的、无害环境的替代品，能够显著减少对合成化学品的依赖，但化学杀菌剂仍然是当前小麦锈病管理的重要组成部分，特别是在严重流行期间或需要快速击倒接种物时。因此，一个真正综合和可持续的战略将这些新方法与明智的、以抗性管理为导向的有效化学杀菌剂的使用结合起来，根据经济阈值和轮作或混合施用，以延缓耐药性的发展，从而最大限度地提高持久性和减少对环境的影响。然而，将这一战略成功地转化到田间，取决于克服配方稳定性、可扩展生产以及与现有和基于化学的农业实践无缝整合方面的关键挑战，以减轻小麦锈病的影响，保障全球小麦产量和粮食安全。

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引用次数: 0

Risk assessment, resistance monitoring and mechanism of field-evolved resistance to broflanilide in the tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura 斜纹夜蛾对溴氟醚田间抗性的风险评估、抗性监测及机制研究

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106909

Xiao Guo , Yilu Tong , Ren Li , Shengran Zhang , Daofeng Zhang , Cheng Qu , Xiaoli Ma , Ran Wang

Spodoptera litura, a globally destructive agricultural pest, has evolved significant resistance to many popular insecticides. Broflanilide, a new meta-diamide pesticide that targets the specific site of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, provides broad-spectrum control against pests in the orders Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera. However, its potential resistance risk in S. litura remains unclear. In this study, a laboratory-selected strain was generated through ten consecutive generations of selection with broflanilide, revealing a low overall risk for resistance development. Concurrently, field resistance monitoring across China indicated that most S. litura populations remained highly susceptible, while the Sanya (SY) population exhibited moderate resistance (26.8-fold). Following seven additional generations of selection, the SY population evolved high resistance (56.2-fold) and was designated the SY-R strain. Using SY-R, we investigated inheritance, cross-resistance, and mechanism of detoxification underlying field-evolved resistance. Broflanilide showed minimal cross-resistance to the tested pesticides. Genetic and synergistic analyses indicated that resistance was incompletely dominant, autosomal, and polygenic, primarily associated with detoxification of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (P450). These findings provide a comprehensive assessment of broflanilide resistance risk and provide valuable information and data for developing effective strategies of pesticide resistance management.

斜纹夜蛾（Spodoptera litura）是一种全球性的破坏性农业害虫，已对许多常用杀虫剂产生了显著的抗性。溴flanilide是一种针对γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）受体特异位点的新型间二胺类农药，具有广谱防治鳞翅目和飞蛾目害虫的作用。然而，其在斜纹葡萄球菌中的潜在耐药风险尚不清楚。在本研究中，通过连续十代的溴flanilide选择，产生了一个实验室选择的菌株，显示抗性发展的总体风险较低。同时，田间抗性监测结果显示，大多数斜纹夜蛾种群仍保持高度易感，而三亚（SY）种群表现为中度抗性（26.8倍）。经过7代的选择，SY群体进化出了高抗性（56.2倍），并被命名为SY- r菌株。我们利用SY-R研究了田间进化抗性的遗传、交叉抗性和解毒机制。溴flanilide对所测农药表现出最小的交叉抗性。遗传和协同分析表明，抗性不完全显性，常染色体和多基因，主要与谷胱甘肽s转移酶（GST）和细胞色素P450 （P450）的解毒有关。这些发现为全面评估溴氟醚耐药风险提供了依据，并为制定有效的农药耐药管理策略提供了有价值的信息和数据。

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引用次数: 0

Depleting SfCarE: Innovative strategies for enhancing chlorantraniliprole toxicity through mixing with carbaryl in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 消耗SfCarE：氯虫腈与西威因混合增强对果夜蛾毒力的创新策略

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106932

Qinqin Wang , Lin Zhou , Li Wang , Xiangshuai Li , Pei Liang , Changhui Rui , Huizhu Yuan , Li Cui

The sustained application of insecticides has led to the development of resistance. Carboxylesterases (CarEs) play important roles in the resistance and synergism of chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl. In this study, the key Spodoptera frugiperda CarEs gene, SfCarE, was identified. SfCarE was highly expressed at the 4th instar and in the midgut of the 6th instar larvae. Knockdown of SfCarE resulted in significant decrease in CarE activity and an increase in susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole, as well as to the mixture of chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl. Metabolic assays demonstrated that the SfCarE protein can metabolize both carbaryl and chlorantraniliprole, while carbaryl can effectively slow down the metabolism of chlorantraniliprole, thereby increasing its retention and insecticidal effect. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the predominant modes of interaction between SfCarE and the compounds were hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Additionally, carbaryl exhibited a higher degree of stability in binding with SfCarE than chlorantraniliprole. Therefore, carbaryl was preferentially metabolized by SfCarE, which protecting chlorantraniliprole from metabolism. In summary, this study preliminarily reveals a synergistic mechanism in which the metabolic rate of chlorantraniliprole is reduced when combined with carbaryl. This research demonstrated that the SfCarE-mediated metabolic and synergistic interactions between chlorantraniliprole and carbaryl may provide valuable insights for the development of novel insecticidal combinations for integrated resistance management (IRM).

持续使用杀虫剂导致了抗药性的产生。羧酸酯酶（carboxylesterase, CarEs）在氯虫腈和西威因的耐药性和协同作用中起重要作用。在本研究中，我们确定了夜蛾（Spodoptera frugiperda）的关键基因SfCarE。SfCarE在4龄和6龄幼虫中肠高度表达。SfCarE基因敲低可显著降低细胞的CarE活性，增加细胞对氯虫腈的敏感性，以及对氯虫腈和西威因混合用药的敏感性。代谢实验表明，SfCarE蛋白能同时代谢西威尼和氯虫腈，而西威尼能有效减缓氯虫腈的代谢，从而提高其滞留性和杀虫效果。分子对接和分子动力学模拟表明，SfCarE与化合物的主要相互作用模式是氢键和范德华力。此外，carviyl与SfCarE的结合稳定性高于chlorantranilprole。因此，SfCarE优先代谢西威尼，保护氯虫腈不被代谢。综上所述，本研究初步揭示了氯虫腈与西威因联用时降低代谢率的协同作用机制。该研究表明，sfcare介导的氯虫腈和西威因之间的代谢和协同相互作用可能为开发用于综合抗性管理（IRM）的新型杀虫组合提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Functional disruption of CYP4CE1 impairs egg development and reproductive capacity in Nilaparvata lugens CYP4CE1的功能破坏损害了褐飞虱卵的发育和生殖能力

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106928

Xinyu Zhang , Huihui Zhang , Ruru Li , Aomin Wang , Yixi Zhang , Zewen Liu

Cytochrome P450s participate in various essential physiological processes, including xenobiotic detoxification and the metabolism of endogenous compound. Previously, CYP4CE1 was identified as a key detoxification enzyme contributing to nitenpyram resistance in Nilaparvata lugens. Here, we uncovered its novel function in reproductive regulation of N. lugens. Silencing CYP4CE1 significantly impaired the reproductive capacity of N. lugens, leading to arrested embryonic development, gradual dehydration, shrinkage, and eventual death of eggs. Moreover, a significant reduction of chitin content was observed in the eggs from CYP4CE1-silenced N. lugens. Further investigation revealed that CYP4CE1 might affect chitin synthesis by regulating the expression of chitin synthase (CHS) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP). In CYP4CE1-silenced N. lugens, the mRNA expression level of UAP was downregulated in the ovaries, while the expression level of CHS was suppressed predominantly in non-ovarian tissues. Additionally, abnormal expression of cuticular protein genes (Cpr3, Cpr8, Cpr10) suggested that CYP4CE1 might indirectly affect the mechanical strength and permeability of eggshells by modulating the cuticular protein. However, the mechanism through which CYP4CE1 regulates UAP, CHS and Cpr requires further investigation. These findings indicate that suppressing CYP4CE1 provides a novel strategy for integrated pest management by simultaneously disrupting detoxification pathways and reproductive capacity in N. lugens.

细胞色素p450参与多种重要的生理过程，包括外源解毒和内源化合物的代谢。此前，CYP4CE1被确定为Nilaparvata lugens对nitenpyram抗性的关键解毒酶。在此，我们发现了它在N. lugens的生殖调节中的新功能。CYP4CE1基因的沉默显著削弱了氮化氮的生殖能力，导致胚胎发育受阻，卵子逐渐脱水、萎缩，最终死亡。此外，在cyp4ce1沉默的N. lugens卵中观察到几丁质含量显著降低。进一步研究发现，CYP4CE1可能通过调节几丁质合成酶（CHS）和udp - n -乙酰氨基葡萄糖热磷酸化酶（UAP）的表达来影响几丁质合成。在cyp4ce1沉默的N. lugens中，卵巢中UAP mRNA表达水平下调，而CHS mRNA表达水平在非卵巢组织中主要受到抑制。此外，表皮蛋白基因（Cpr3、Cpr8、Cpr10）的异常表达表明，CYP4CE1可能通过调节表皮蛋白间接影响蛋壳的机械强度和通透性。然而，CYP4CE1调控UAP、CHS和Cpr的机制有待进一步研究。这些发现表明，抑制CYP4CE1通过同时破坏褐飞虱的解毒途径和繁殖能力，为害虫综合治理提供了一种新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

AoMbp1 interacts with AoSwi6 and regulates hyphal development, stress tolerance, trap morphogenesis, and pathogenicity in Arthrobotrys oligospora AoMbp1与AoSwi6相互作用，调控少孢子节肢虫菌丝发育、胁迫耐受性、陷阱形态发生和致病性

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106930

Na Bai , Hui Yuan , Guiqiu Luo , Yi Chen , Meihua Xie , Jinkui Yang

The APSES family proteins, specific to fungi, regulate growth, development, and various biological processes. As a typical nematode-trapping fungus, Arthrobotrys oligospora has been extensively studied to understand the mechanism of trap formation. In this study, AoMbp1, an ortholog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae APSES-type transcription factor Mbp1, was functionally characterized in A. oligospora. Aombp1 inactivation caused severe defects in mycelial growth and development. Specifically, the ∆Aombp1 mutant exhibited significantly reduced growth, increased hyphal septation and lipid droplet accumulation, and a marked decrease in nuclear numbers. Moreover, it showed substantially reduced conidiophore production and spore yield, along with abnormal spore morphology. Sensitivity to various chemical stressors, particularly hyperosmotic agents, was heightened, whereas trap formation and nematode predation ability were significantly impaired. The traps lost their original three-dimensional structure and adopted a planar shape. Further, RNA sequencing, DNA affinity purification sequencing, and yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that AoMbp1 interacts with AoSwi6, another APSES protein. Together, they participate in regulating the cell cycle, meiosis, lipid metabolism, and DNA replication and repair. Collectively, these findings clarify the role and underlying mechanisms of Mbp1 in mycelial development and trap morphogenesis in nematode-trapping fungi.

APSES家族蛋白，真菌特有，调节生长发育和各种生物过程。作为一种典型的捕获线虫的真菌，人们对寡孢节肢菌的捕获机制进行了广泛的研究。在本研究中，AoMbp1是酿酒酵母apses型转录因子Mbp1的同源物，在A. oligospora中进行了功能表征。Aombp1失活导致菌丝生长发育严重缺陷。具体而言，∆Aombp1突变体的生长明显减少，菌丝间隔和脂滴积累增加，核数明显减少。此外，分生孢子产量和孢子产量显著降低，孢子形态出现异常。对各种化学刺激物，特别是高渗剂的敏感性提高，而陷阱形成和线虫捕食能力明显受损。圈闭失去了原有的三维结构，呈现平面形态。此外，RNA测序、DNA亲和纯化测序和酵母双杂交分析显示，AoMbp1与另一种APSES蛋白AoSwi6相互作用。它们共同参与调节细胞周期、减数分裂、脂质代谢以及DNA复制和修复。总的来说，这些发现阐明了Mbp1在线虫诱捕真菌菌丝发育和诱捕形态发生中的作用和潜在机制。

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引用次数: 0

Ongoing insecticide resistance evolution in beet armyworm via changes in the utilization of pre-existing and new mutations 甜菜粘虫对已有和新突变利用的变化对杀虫剂抗性的持续进化

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106929

Fang Guan , Bingbing Fang , Wenjuan Mei , Suiyu Zeng , Yihua Yang , John G. Oakeshott , Yidong Wu

Little has been known until now about the population genomic processes underpinning pest insect species' rapid and ongoing adaptation to chemical insecticides. This paper elucidates these processes for six mutations encoding resistances to four insecticide classes in Chinese Spodoptera exigua: F116V in CYP9A186 against avermectins, T929I and L1014F in VGSC against pyrethroids, V1848I in VGSC against indoxacarb and I4790M and I4790K in RyR against diamides. Whole genome sequencing of 139 individuals from 20 populations across China revealed little genetic differentiation among the populations and soft selective sweeps for all six mutations. Ancestral Recombination Graphs (ARGs) showed at least five of them each had a single origin, with CYP9A186-F116V, VGSC-L1014F and RyR-I4790M and likely also RyR-I4790K arising before use of the corresponding insecticides. VGSC-T929I and VGSC-V1848I arose subsequently in VGSC-L1014F backgrounds. Bioassays of near-isogenic lines showed the double mutant VGSCs enhanced pyrethroid resistance and created pyrethroid/indoxacarb cross-resistance, respectively. While the ARGs predicted the younger RyR-I4790K mutation had overtaken RyR-I4790M in frequency by the time diamides were introduced, the latter has since surged again, to a frequency of ca. 95 %. Thus, S. exigua has evolved resistances to several major insecticides through soft selective sweeps of pre-existing mutations in a panmictic population, supplemented by new mutations that enhance or broaden resistance. The findings demonstrate the power of modern population genomics, including ARG, to reconstruct resistance evolution and, in so doing, improving preparedness for, and pro-active management of, resistance.

到目前为止，人们对支持害虫物种对化学杀虫剂快速和持续适应的种群基因组过程知之甚少。本文从CYP9A186中F116V对阿维菌素的抗性、VGSC中T929I和L1014F对拟除虫菊酯的抗性、VGSC中V1848I对茚虫威的抗性、RyR中I4790M和I4790K对四类杀虫剂的抗性等6个基因突变过程进行了阐述。来自中国20个种群的139个个体的全基因组测序显示，种群之间的遗传分化很小，并且对所有6种突变进行了软选择扫描。祖先重组图（ARGs）显示，其中至少有5个具有单一来源，CYP9A186-F116V， VGSC-L1014F和RyR-I4790M，可能还有RyR-I4790K在使用相应杀虫剂之前产生。VGSC-T929I和VGSC-V1848I随后在VGSC-L1014F背景下出现。近等基因系的生物测定表明，双突变VGSCs增强了对拟除虫菊酯的抗性，并分别产生了拟除虫菊酯/茚虫威的交叉抗性。虽然ARGs预测，在引入双胺时，较年轻的RyR-I4790K突变的频率已经超过了RyR-I4790M，但后者再次飙升，频率约为95%。因此，通过对泛病种群中已存在的突变进行软选择性扫描，并辅以增强或扩大抗性的新突变，逸瓜葡萄进化出了对几种主要杀虫剂的抗性。这些发现证明了包括ARG在内的现代种群基因组学在重建耐药性进化方面的力量，并由此改善了对耐药性的防范和主动管理。

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引用次数: 0

Odorant-binding protein MusiOBP10 contributes to the aggregation pheromone sensing in both nymphal and adult Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) 气味结合蛋白MusiOBP10有助于雌雄和成虫的聚集信息素感知（Bagnall）

IF 4 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106926

Gen Xia , Xiaobin Zheng , Xiaoli Tian , Qinli Wang , Guohui Zhang , Boliao Li

Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play a critical role in insect chemoreception by facilitating the transport of odorant molecules to olfactory receptors, thereby initiating signal transduction. Megalurothrips usitatus is a significant pest posing a major threat to leguminous crops, with both nymphs and adults exhibiting aggregation behavior on cowpea. However, the specific functional role of OBPs in modulating this behavior remains unclear. Here, behavioral assays revealed that both nymphs and adults of M. usitatus showed significant attraction to the aggregation pheromone (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate. Exposure to this aggregation pheromone significantly upregulated MusiOBP10 expression in M. usitatus. MusiOBP10 knockdown with RNA interference (RNAi) eliminated M. usitatus' attraction to (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate. Furthermore, binding assays revealed that MusiOBP10 exhibits exceptionally high binding affinity for (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate. Molecular docking results indicated that MusiOBP10 binds to (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate primarily through van der Waals interactions. Molecular dynamic simulations identified six candidate key residues within the MusiOBP10–(2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate complex. Computational alanine scanning and site-directed mutagenesis verified four key amino acid residues critical for the binding of MusiOBP10 to (2E,6E)-farnesyl acetate, with the C-terminal residue Phe122 playing a particularly influential role. In conclusion, MusiOBP10 plays a critical role in the perception of the aggregation pheromone in M. usitatus. These findings have improved our molecular understanding of aggregation pheromone recognition by M. usitatus, and have facilitated the development of OBP-based behavioral interference strategies to manage this pest.

气味结合蛋白（OBPs）通过促进气味分子向嗅觉受体的运输，从而启动信号转导，在昆虫的化学接受中起着关键作用。稻纵蓟马是一种对豆科作物构成重大威胁的害虫，其若虫和成虫在豇豆上均有聚集行为。然而，obp在调节这种行为中的具体功能作用尚不清楚。本研究的行为分析结果显示，雌雄绒螯虾对聚集信息素(2E,6E)-醋酸法尼酯具有显著的吸引力。暴露于这种聚集信息素显著上调M. usitatus中MusiOBP10的表达。用RNA干扰（RNAi）敲除MusiOBP10消除了M. usitatus对(2E,6E)-法尼酯乙酸酯的吸引力。此外，结合实验显示MusiOBP10对(2E,6E)-法尼酯乙酸酯具有非常高的结合亲和力。分子对接结果表明，MusiOBP10主要通过范德华作用与(2E,6E)-法尼酯醋酸酯结合。分子动力学模拟鉴定了MusiOBP10 - (2E,6E)-法尼酯醋酸酯络合物中的六个候选关键残基。计算丙氨酸扫描和定点诱变验证了MusiOBP10与(2E,6E)-法尼酯乙酸酯结合的四个关键氨基酸残基，其中c端残基Phe122发挥了特别重要的作用。综上所述，MusiOBP10在野鼠对聚集信息素的感知中起关键作用。这些发现提高了我们对聚类信息素识别的分子认识，并促进了基于obp的行为干扰策略的发展，以管理这种害虫。

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引用次数: 0