Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献_第3页

Biodegradation of imidacloprid and diuron by Simplicillium sp. QHSH-33 Simplicillium sp.QHSH-33

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106177

Ke Xu , Xin-Ran Ke , Wan-Ting Zhang , Xin-Yuan Wu , Zhi-Jun Song , Mei-Juan Jiao , Xiao-Juan Gao , Li Zhou , Hong-Yan Ji , Fang Wang , Xiu-Li Wu

Imidacloprid (IMI) and diuron (DIU) are widely used pesticides in agricultural production. However, their excessive use and high residues have caused harm to the ecological environment and human health. Microbial remediation as an efficient and low-toxic method has become a research hotspot for controlling environmental pollutants. A fungus QHSH-33, identified as Simplicillium sp., has the ability to degrade neonicotinoids IMI and phenylurea DIU. When QHSH-33 and pesticide were co-cultured in liquid medium for 7 days, the degradation rates of IMI and DIU by QHSH-33 in simulated field soil microenvironment were 50.19 % and 70.57 %, respectively. Through HPLC-MS analysis, it was found that the degradation of IMI mainly involved nitro reduction, hydroxylation and other reactions. Three degradation pathways and eight degradation products were identified, among which two metabolites were obtained by microbial transformation of IMI for the first time. The degradation of DIU mainly involved demethylation and dehalogenation reactions, and two degradation pathways and four degradation products were identified, one of which was a new degradation product of DIU. Toxicity assessment demonstrated that most of the degradation products might be considerably less harmful than IMI and DIU. Whole genome sequencing of QHSH-33 revealed a genome size of 33.2 Mbp with 11,707 genes. The genome of QHSH-33 was annotated by KEGG to reveal 128 genes related to exogenous degradation and metabolism. After local blast with reported IMI and DIU degrading enzymes, seven IMI-degrading related genes and seven DIU-degrading related genes were identified in the QHSH-33 genome. The results of this study will help to expand our knowledge on the microbial decomposition metabolism of IMI and DIU, and provide new insights into the degradation mechanism of IMI and DIU in soil and pure culture system, laying a foundation for QHSH-33 strain applied to the removal, biotransformation or detoxification of IMI and DIU.

吡虫啉（IMI）和杀虫脲（DIU）是农业生产中广泛使用的农药。然而，它们的过量使用和高残留对生态环境和人类健康造成了危害。微生物修复作为一种高效、低毒的方法，已成为控制环境污染物的研究热点。一种被鉴定为 Simplicillium sp.的真菌 QHSH-33 具有降解新烟碱类化合物 IMI 和苯脲类化合物 DIU 的能力。将 QHSH-33 与农药在液体培养基中共同培养 7 天后，在模拟田间土壤微环境中，QHSH-33 对 IMI 和 DIU 的降解率分别为 50.19% 和 70.57%。通过 HPLC-MS 分析发现，IMI 的降解主要涉及硝基还原、羟基化等反应。确定了三种降解途径和八种降解产物，其中有两种代谢物是首次通过微生物转化 IMI 得到的。DIU 的降解主要涉及脱甲基和脱卤反应，确定了两条降解途径和四种降解产物，其中一种是 DIU 的新降解产物。毒性评估表明，大多数降解产物的危害可能大大低于 IMI 和 DIU。QHSH-33 的全基因组测序显示，其基因组大小为 33.2 Mbp，有 11 707 个基因。通过 KEGG 对 QHSH-33 的基因组进行注释，发现了 128 个与外源降解和代谢有关的基因。在对已报道的IMI和DIU降解酶进行局部爆破后，在QHSH-33基因组中发现了7个与IMI降解相关的基因和7个与DIU降解相关的基因。这项研究的结果将有助于拓展我们对IMI和DIU微生物分解代谢的认识，并对IMI和DIU在土壤和纯培养体系中的降解机制提供新的见解，为QHSH-33菌株应用于IMI和DIU的去除、生物转化或解毒奠定基础。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive effects of acetamiprid uptake and translocation from soil on pak choi and lettuce at the environmental level 啶虫脒从土壤中吸收和转移对白菜和莴苣环境水平的综合影响

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106178

Jizhen Fu , Suzhen Li , Shijie Yin , Xiaojun Zhao , Ercheng Zhao , Li Li

Acetamiprid (ACE) is widely used in agriculture to control pests. However, its accumulation in soil and subsequent translocation to plants can impact plant growth and development through mechanisms that remain unclear. This study evaluated the comprehensive effects of residual ACE from soil on cultivated pak choi and lettuce at environmental levels. Results showed that more than 90 % of ACE residues in the soils dissipated within 14 days. The average root concentration factor (RCF) values of pak choi and lettuce were 1.442 and 0.318, respectively, while the average translocation factor (TF) values were 2.145 for pak choi and 5.346 for lettuce. Seedling height increased by 6.32 % in pak choi but decreased by 8.54 % in lettuce. Furthermore, chlorophyll content decreased by 14.6 % in pak choi and increased by 23.7 % in lettuce. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis showed significant disturbances in carbohydrates, amino acids, and secondary metabolite levels. Additionally, KEGG pathway analysis revealed the down-regulation of amino acid metabolites in both vegetables, alongside an up-regulation of flavone and flavonol biosynthesis in pak choi. This research enhances the understanding of the effects and underlying metabolic mechanism of ACE on different vegetables.

啶虫脒（ACE）被广泛用于农业防治害虫。然而，它在土壤中的积累以及随后向植物的转移会影响植物的生长和发育，其机制尚不清楚。本研究评估了土壤中残留的乙酰甲胺磷在环境水平上对栽培蕹菜和莴苣的综合影响。结果表明，土壤中 90% 以上的 ACE 残留物在 14 天内消散。白菜和莴苣的平均根浓缩因子（RCF）值分别为 1.442 和 0.318，而平均易位因子（TF）值分别为 2.145 和 5.346。白菜的苗高增加了 6.32%，而莴苣则减少了 8.54%。此外，白菜的叶绿素含量减少了 14.6%，而莴苣则增加了 23.7%。非靶向代谢组学分析表明，碳水化合物、氨基酸和次生代谢物水平受到显著干扰。此外，KEGG 通路分析表明，两种蔬菜的氨基酸代谢物都出现了下调，而白菜中黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成则出现了上调。这项研究加深了人们对 ACE 对不同蔬菜的影响及其代谢机制的了解。

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引用次数: 0

Dimethyl trisulfide reduces postharvest anthracnose and enhances mango quality, and a potential molecular mechanism against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides 二甲基三硫醚可减少采后炭疽病并提高芒果品质，是防治球孢子菌的潜在分子机制

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106174

Lihua Tang , Ruyun Qin , Suiping Huang , Xiaolin Chen , Tangxun Guo , Tom Hsiang , Qili Li

Mango anthracnose, mainly caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, is the major destructive postharvest disease of mango during storage and transport. Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), an organic volatile found in some microorganisms or plants, inhibited growth of C. gloeosporioides in vitro, but its effects on mango anthracnose and its molecular mechanisms of action have not been well characterized. In this study, the EC₅₀ of DMTS against Colletotrichum spp. from mango mainly ranged from 2.3 to 20.0 μL/L. In vivo, the fumigation rates of 20 μL/L of DMTS for 24 h, or 80 μL/L for 3 h or 6 h could effectively reduce severity of anthracnose (natural inoculum) on postharvest mangoes with inhibitory effects of 61.7 %, 65.7 %, and 69.4 %, respectively, as observed 10 days after treatment. Furthermore, there was no detectable DMTS residue in mango skin or flesh, and an overall improvement in the quality of the fruit with higher soluble solids, total sugars, vitamin c, and β-carotene, and lower titratable acidity than the non-treated control. In addition, DMTS could significantly reduce ergosterol content in mycelia of C. gloeosporioides, and gene expression analysis showed DMTS significantly suppressed expression of ergosterol biosynthesis-related genes Cgerg6 and Cgerg11 after mycelia were exposed to DMTS. Knock-out mutants for each of these two genes showed reduced sensitivity to DMTS. After gene complementation in situ, the sensitivity of complementary transformants to DMTS was restored to that of the parental strain. Therefore, we concluded that the genes Cgerg6 and Cgerg11 are involved in an interaction with the antifungal activity of DMTS. This is the first study to demonstrate a control effect of DMTS on mango postharvest anthracnose resulting in reduced disease severity and enhanced fruit quality. Transformant studies also revealed some potential molecular mechanisms of the antifungal activity of DMTS that may lead to improved management of mango postharvest anthracnose.

芒果炭疽病主要由球孢子菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）引起，是芒果在贮藏和运输过程中的主要破坏性采后病害。二甲基三硫醚（DMTS）是存在于某些微生物或植物中的一种有机挥发物，可在体外抑制球孢子菌的生长，但其对芒果炭疽病的影响及其分子作用机制尚未得到很好的描述。在本研究中，DMTS 对芒果中的 Colletotrichum spp.的 EC50 主要介于 2.3 至 20.0 μL/L 之间。在体内，使用 20 μL/L 的 DMTS 熏蒸 24 小时，或使用 80 μL/L 的 DMTS 熏蒸 3 小时或 6 小时，可有效降低采后芒果炭疽病（天然接种物）的严重程度，处理 10 天后观察到的抑制效果分别为 61.7%、65.7% 和 69.4%。此外，与未处理的对照组相比，芒果皮和果肉中均未检测到 DMTS 残留物，果实的整体质量也有所改善，可溶性固形物、总糖、维生素 c 和 β-胡萝卜素含量更高，可滴定酸度更低。基因表达分析表明，DMTS能显著抑制麦角甾醇生物合成相关基因Cgerg6和Cgerg11的表达。这两个基因的基因敲除突变体对 DMTS 的敏感性降低。基因原位互补后，互补转化体对DMTS的敏感性恢复到亲本菌株的水平。因此，我们认为 Cgerg6 和 Cgerg11 基因参与了 DMTS 抗真菌活性的相互作用。这是首次研究证明 DMTS 对芒果采后炭疽病有控制作用，从而降低了病害严重程度，提高了果实品质。转化体研究还揭示了 DMTS 抗真菌活性的一些潜在分子机制，这可能会改善芒果采后炭疽病的管理。

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引用次数: 0

Resmethrin disrupts mitochondria-associated membranes and activates endoplasmic reticulum stress, leading to proliferation inhibition in cultured mouse Leydig and Sertoli cells 氯氰菊酯破坏线粒体相关膜，激活内质网应激，导致培养的小鼠莱迪格细胞和肥大细胞增殖受抑制

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106175

Jiyeon Ham , Nayoung Min , Jisoo Song , Gwonhwa Song , Wooyoung Jeong , Whasun Lim

Resmethrin, a pyrethroid pesticide used to control insects, is toxic to non-target organisms and other mammals. However, little is known about the reproductive toxicity of resmethrin in the testes, or its mechanism of toxicity. In this study, we investigated the testicular toxicity of resmethrin on mouse Leydig (TM3) and Sertoli (TM4) cells, focusing on the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We found that resmethrin inhibited proliferation and cell cycle progression and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨ) in TM3 and TM4 cells. In particular, resmethrin exposure significantly reduced the expression of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) proteins, such as Vapb, Vdac, and Grp75, in both cell lines. Resmethrin also disrupts calcium homeostasis in the mitochondrial matrix and cytoplasm. In addition, resmethrin activates oxidative stress-mediated ER stress signals. Finally, we confirmed that 4-PBA, an ER stress inhibitor, restored the growth of TM3 and TM4 cells, which was decreased by resmethrin. Therefore, we confirmed that resmethrin hampered MAMs and activated ER stress, thus suppressing TM3 and TM4 cell proliferation.

甲氰菊酯是一种用于控制昆虫的拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂，对非目标生物和其他哺乳动物具有毒性。然而，人们对氯氰菊酯在睾丸中的生殖毒性及其毒性机制知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们研究了甲氰菊酯对小鼠睾丸的毒性，重点是线粒体和内质网（ER）。我们发现，氯菊酯抑制了 TM3 和 TM4 细胞的增殖和细胞周期进程，并破坏了线粒体膜电位（MMP；ΔΨ）。特别是，在这两种细胞系中，接触氯氰菊酯会显著降低线粒体相关膜（MAMs）蛋白的表达，如 Vapb、Vdac 和 Grp75。甲氰菊酯还能破坏线粒体基质和细胞质中的钙平衡。此外，氯氰菊酯还能激活氧化应激介导的ER应激信号。最后，我们证实ER应激抑制剂4-PBA能恢复TM3和TM4细胞的生长，而菊酯类除害剂会降低TM3和TM4细胞的生长。因此，我们证实氯氰菊酯阻碍了 MAMs 并激活了 ER 应激，从而抑制了 TM3 和 TM4 细胞的增殖。

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引用次数: 0

Area-wide survey and monitoring of insecticide resistance in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), from 2020 to 2023 in China 2020-2023年中国褐飞虱抗药性的全区调查与监测

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106173

Wen-Nan Ye, Yu Li, Yan-Chao Zhang, Zhao-Yu Liu, Xin-Yu Song, Xin-Guo Pei, Shun-Fan Wu, Cong-Fen Gao

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is a notorious pest affecting Asian rice crops. The evolution of insecticide resistance in BPH has emerged as a significant challenge in effectively managing this pest. This study revealed the resistance status of BPH to nine insecticides in ten provinces and Shanghai City in China from 2020 to 2023. Monitoring results showed that the resistance of BPH to triflumezopyrim, nitenpyram, and dinotefuran increased rapidly. The average resistance ratio of BPH to triflumezopyrim increased from 2.5 to 7.1 fold, nitenpyram from 18.3 to 37.7 fold, and dinotefuran from 119.5 to 268.1 fold. All populations remained extremely high resistance to imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and buprofezin. Most field populations of BPH maintained moderate resistance to chlorpyrifos and sulfoxaflor, and high resistance to pymetrozine by rice stem dipping method. However, considering the reproduction-inhibiting character of pymetrozine, susceptible to low resistance levels to pymetrozine were monitored by Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) NO.005 method. This result indicated that pymetrozine might lose efficacy in the control of application generation, but it could significantly inhibit the reproduction of field populations of BPH. Additionally, we compared the expression levels of 11 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes, the targets of nAChR competitive modulators, in four field populations (FY23, YH23, LJ23, LP23) and susceptible strain. The expression level of nAChR α4 was significantly reduced in all field populations, while α1, α2, α6, and α7 were significantly reduced in some field populations. Our findings provide valuable information for resistance management strategies in N. lugens and offer new insights into the resistance mechanisms of nAChR competitive modulators.

褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) 是影响亚洲水稻作物的一种臭名昭著的害虫。褐飞虱对杀虫剂产生抗药性是有效防治该害虫的一大挑战。本研究揭示了 2020 年至 2023 年中国十个省份和上海市 BPH 对九种杀虫剂的抗药性状况。监测结果表明，BPH对三氟嘧啶胺、硝螨酯和敌稗的抗性迅速增加。前列腺增生症对嘧菌酯的平均抗性从 2.5 倍增加到 7.1 倍，对吡蚜酮的平均抗性从 18.3 倍增加到 37.7 倍，对硝基呋喃丹的平均抗性从 119.5 倍增加到 268.1 倍。所有种群对吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和丁硫克百威的抗性仍然极高。大多数 BPH 田间种群对毒死蜱和磺胺二甲嘧啶保持中度抗性，对吡蚜酮保持高度抗性。然而，考虑到吡蚜酮具有抑制繁殖的特性，用杀虫剂抗性行动委员会（IRAC）NO.005 方法监测到了吡蚜酮的易感抗性至低抗性水平。这一结果表明，吡蚜酮可能会失去对施药世代的防治效果，但它能显著抑制牛肝菌田间种群的繁殖。此外，我们还比较了 11 个烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（nAChR）基因（nAChR 竞争性调节剂的靶标）在四个田间种群（FY23、YH23、LJ23、LP23）和易感株中的表达水平。在所有田间种群中，nAChR α4的表达水平都显著降低，而在α1、α2、α6和α7中，一些田间种群的表达水平也显著降低。我们的研究结果为 N. lugens 的抗性管理策略提供了有价值的信息，并为 nAChR 竞争性调节剂的抗性机理提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Triazophos-induced spermotoxicity in rats: Protective effects of nano-quercetin 三唑磷诱导的大鼠精子毒性：纳米槲皮素的保护作用

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106176

K.S. Suhas , Shubham Vijapure , Supriya Yadav , M. Saminathan , Kaveri Jambagi , Rahul Katiyar , C.L. Madhu , Avinash G. Telang

This study aimed to evaluate the spermotoxic potential of triazophos in rats and to check the possible shielding effect of quercetin and nano-quercetin against triazophos-induced toxicity. Rats in Group I were given olive oil as a vehicle. Group II and Group III received high-dose and low-dose triazophos, respectively. Oral administration of quercetin (Group IV) and nano-quercetin (Group VI) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight was given to two additional groups of animals. Two other high-dose triazophos groups were co-administered with quercetin (Group V) and nano-quercetin (Group VII).

Triazophos administration for 60 days in rats altered the structural and functional parameters of spermatozoa and brought about a decline in total sperm count, percentage of viable sperms, drop in sperm motility, and decrease in the number of sperms showing normal morphology. It also decreased the number of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes and HOST-positive spermatozoa. Further, triazophos increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and triggered apoptotic pathways in spermatozoa in a dose-dependent manner. It decreased daily sperm production and caused histomorphological aberrations in the epididymis and vas deferens. Co-administration of nano-quercetin with triazophos effectively counteracted sperm-related pathological changes. Nano-quercetin offered better protection over quercetin in ameliorating the triazophos-induced spermotoxicity in rats.

本研究旨在评估三唑磷对大鼠精子的潜在毒性，并检测槲皮素和纳米槲皮素对三唑磷诱导的毒性可能产生的保护作用。I 组大鼠服用橄榄油作为载体。第二组和第三组分别接受高剂量和低剂量三唑磷。另外两组动物口服槲皮素（第四组）和纳米槲皮素（第六组），剂量为每公斤体重 50 毫克。给大鼠服用三唑磷 60 天，会改变精子的结构和功能参数，导致精子总数、存活精子百分比、精子活力下降，以及形态正常的精子数量减少。它还会减少具有完整顶体和 HOST 阳性精子的数量。此外，三唑磷还会增加活性氧的水平，并以剂量依赖的方式引发精子凋亡。三唑磷会降低精子的日产量，并导致附睾和输精管组织形态畸变。同时服用纳米槲皮素和三唑磷可有效抵消与精子相关的病理变化。在改善三唑磷诱导的大鼠精子毒性方面，纳米槲皮素比槲皮素具有更好的保护作用。

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引用次数: 0

Improvement of chlorpyrifos-induced cognitive impairment by mountain grape anthocyanins based on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway 基于 PI3K/Akt 信号通路的山葡萄花青素对毒死蜱诱导的认知障碍的改善作用

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106172

Rongchen Zhu , Xuewen Tong , Yuhan Du , Jiahua Liu , Xuefei Xu , Yang He , Liankui Wen , Zhitong Wang

The organophosphorus insecticide Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is widely used worldwide due to its high effectiveness. However, when ingested through the mouth and nose, it can cause severe neurotoxic effects and cognitive impairment. Natural anthocyanins show great potential in improving cognitive impairment. In this paper, we will delve into the protective effect of anthocyanins on CPF-induced cognitive impairment and its mechanism through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Morris water maze, histopathological, ELISA and western blot analyses showed that anthocyanins effectively ameliorated CPF-induced spatial learning memory impairment in mice by ameliorating CPF-induced AChE inhibition, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation and by modulating the levels of apoptosis (Caspase-3, Caspase-9) and autophagy (LC3II/ LC3I, Beclin1, p62, mTOR) biomarkers, in order to restore damaged hippocampal tissue morphology, neuron and synapse structures. To identify the action pathway of anthocyanins, we used KEGG and GO pathway enrichment analysis for screening prediction and western blot and molecular docking to verify that anthocyanins improve CPF-induced cognitive impairment by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway.

有机磷杀虫剂毒死蜱（CPF）因其高效而在全球广泛使用。然而，当通过口鼻摄入时，它会导致严重的神经毒性和认知障碍。天然花青素在改善认知障碍方面显示出巨大潜力。本文将深入研究花青素对氯化石蜡诱导的认知障碍的保护作用及其通过 PI3K/Akt 信号通路的机制。莫里斯水迷宫、组织病理学、ELISA 和 Western 印迹分析表明，花青素通过改善 CPF 诱导的 AChE 抑制、氧化应激和神经炎症，有效地改善了 CPF 诱导的小鼠空间学习记忆损伤、和神经炎症，调节细胞凋亡（Caspase-3、Caspase-9）和自噬（LC3II/ LC3I、Beclin1、p62、mTOR）生物标志物的水平，从而恢复受损的海马组织形态、神经元和突触结构。为了确定花青素的作用途径，我们利用KEGG和GO通路富集分析进行筛选预测，并通过Western印迹和分子对接验证了花青素通过激活PI3K/Akt通路来改善CPF诱导的认知障碍。

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引用次数: 0

Quinclorac-resistant Echinochloa spp. promoted growth and reproduction of Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) probably by providing more nutrients and stable environment 抗喹喏拉克的越橘属植物可能通过提供更多的营养和稳定的环境促进了Laodelphax striatellus（半翅目：Delphacidae）的生长和繁殖

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106165

Yimeng Pi , Yanhui Lu , Xia Yang , Wujia Mo , Qiang Li , Zhongxian Lu , Yongfeng Li , Yipeng Xu , Hongxing Xu

Rice is an important agricultural crop that faces serious challenges from pathogens, pests, and weeds during growth stages. Meanwhile, these organisms would interact with each other to increase the level of destruction. The previous studies showed that barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp) could be used as a temporary host to increase infestation of small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus), which is one of the main polyphagous pests. Herbicides are widely used to control weeds that induce resistance development. However, little is known about the effects of increased weed resistance on insect species. In this study, we investigated the effect of quinclorac-resistant and sensitive biotypes of barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis; Echinochloa crus-pavonis Schult) and rice plants (Wuyujing 3) on the ecological fitness of SBPH and examined physiological indicators of plants and SBPH to explore the mechanism. Our results showed that the growth and reproduction of SBPH promoted significantly reared on quinclorac-resistant barnyard grass. From the perspectives of oxidative stress response, the activities of peroxidase (POD) increased and the activities of catalase (CAT), mixed-functional oxidase (MFO), and carboxylesterase (CarE) decreased in SBPH reared on resistant barnyard grass. Combined with the increased amino acid contents (threonine, serine, methionine, and alanine) of resistant barnyard grass E. crus-pavonis, we speculate that quinclorac-resistant barnyard grass probably provides SBPH with a more suitable environment, thus increasing the risk of SBPH.

水稻是一种重要的农作物，在生长阶段面临着病原体、害虫和杂草的严峻挑战。同时，这些生物会相互影响，增加破坏程度。之前的研究表明，稗草（Echinochloa spp）可用作临时寄主，以增加主要多食性害虫之一的小褐飞虱（SBPH，Laodelphax striatellus）的侵扰。除草剂被广泛用于控制杂草抗药性的产生。然而，人们对杂草抗性增强对昆虫物种的影响知之甚少。在本研究中，我们研究了稗草（Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis; Echinochloa crus-pavonis Schult）和水稻植株（五谷丰登 3 号）的抗喹啉酸生物型和敏感生物型对 SBPH 生态适应性的影响，并检测了植物和 SBPH 的生理指标，以探索其机制。结果表明，SBPH在抗喹禾灵稗草上饲养后，其生长和繁殖能力显著提高。从氧化应激反应的角度来看，抗性稗草上饲养的 SBPH 的过氧化物酶（POD）活性增加，过氧化氢酶（CAT）、混合功能氧化酶（MFO）和羧酸酯酶（CarE）活性降低。结合抗性稗草 E. crus-pavonis 中氨基酸含量（苏氨酸、丝氨酸、蛋氨酸和丙氨酸）的增加，我们推测抗喹禾灵的稗草可能为 SBPH 提供了更适宜的环境，从而增加了 SBPH 的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Differential expression of TOR complex 1 components in Colletotrichum camelliae isolates confers natural resistance to rapamycin 山茶科 Colletotrichum camelliae 分离物中 TOR 复合物 1 成分的差异表达赋予了对雷帕霉素的天然抗性

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106169

Yuanye Zhu , Yanjun Li , Hong Liu , He Li

Rapamycin is a lipophilic macrolide antibiotic which is famous for its immunosuppressive and anticancer activity. In recent years, rapamycin showed significant activity against various plant pathogenic fungi. However, the sensitivity of Colletotrichunm fungi to rapamycin is scarcely reported. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity of 116 Colletotrichum isolates from tea-oil trees to rapamycin. Most isolates exhibited natural resistance with inhibition rates of 50 to 70% at 50 μg/mL. Three Colletotrichum camelliae isolates were found to be sensitive to rapamycin. No mutations were detected in the direct target FKBP12 and indirect target TOR-FRB domain of resistant and sensitive C. camelliae isolates. Notably, the expression of the TOR homolog (CcTOR) was higher in resistant C. camelliae isolates compared to the sensitive ones and overexpression of CcTOR in the sensitive isolate CcS1 resulted in decreased sensitivity to rapamycin. Moreover, ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation was abolished in the sensitive isolate CcS1 but not in the resistant isolate CcR1 under rapamycin treatment. In addition, the expression levels of ribosome biogenesis genes and two other components of TORC1 were higher in CcR1 compared to CcS1 under the same treatment, which suggested that the abundance of TORC1 in CcR1 was greater than in CcS1, leading to more active TORC1 signaling in CcR1. These results provided a better understanding about natural resistance of C. camelliae isolates to rapamycin and could help for developing new TORC1 signaling-targeting fungicides.

雷帕霉素是一种亲脂性大环内酯类抗生素，以其免疫抑制和抗癌活性而闻名。近年来，雷帕霉素对多种植物病原真菌显示出显著的活性。然而，关于壳斗真菌对雷帕霉素的敏感性却鲜有报道。在这项研究中，我们评估了从茶油树中分离出的 116 株 Colletotrichum 真菌对雷帕霉素的敏感性。大多数分离株表现出天然抗性，在 50 μg/mL 的抑制率为 50% 至 70%。发现三个山茶科 Colletotrichum isolate 对雷帕霉素敏感。在抗性和敏感的山茶科 Colletotrichum camelliae 分离物的直接靶标 FKBP12 和间接靶标 TOR-FRB 结构域中均未检测到突变。值得注意的是，与敏感菌株相比，抗性茶花菌分离株中 TOR 同源物（CcTOR）的表达量更高，敏感分离株 CcS1 中 CcTOR 的过表达导致对雷帕霉素的敏感性降低。此外，在雷帕霉素处理下，敏感分离株 CcS1 的核糖体蛋白 S6 磷酸化被取消，而抗性分离株 CcR1 则没有。此外，在相同的处理条件下，CcR1 中核糖体生物发生基因和 TORC1 的另外两个组分的表达水平高于 CcS1，这表明 CcR1 中 TORC1 的丰度高于 CcS1，导致 CcR1 中 TORC1 信号更活跃。这些结果有助于更好地了解山茶科植物分离株对雷帕霉素的天然抗性，并有助于开发新的 TORC1 信号靶向杀菌剂。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptomics reveals the mechanism of terbuthylazine-induced nephrotoxicity in chickens: Insights from AMPK/p53-mediated apoptosis perspective 转录组学揭示特丁基嗪诱导鸡肾毒性的机制从 AMPK/p53 介导的细胞凋亡角度看问题

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106171

Qingwen Yang , Da Ao , Yongzhi Lv , Xuesong Liu

As a commonly used pesticide, the widespread use of terbuthylazine (TBA) may cause toxic effects in animals and human. However, the nephrotoxicity induced by TBA is unclear. Here, we explored the mechanism of TBA-induced nephrotoxicity through transcriptomics and molecular biology techniques in broilers. Pathologic analysis showed that TBA could cause renal cell vacuolation and fibrosis in broilers. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis showed that TBA can cause significant changes in the expression of some apoptosis-related genes, and GO and KEGG analysis also found that TBA can significantly change the functions of apoptosis pathway and AMPK signaling pathway in kidney. Subsequently, the protein expression levels of Bax, Bak-1, FADD, and cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 were elevated significantly and the number of TUNEL-positive cells was increased markedly in kidney under TBA exposure. Meanwhile, we also found that TBA could activate AMPK/p53 pathway, as evidenced by the upregulated levels of AMPKα1 phosphorylation and protein expression of p53. Therefore, our results suggested that TBA could induce apoptosis via AMPK/p53 pathway in kidney. These findings identified the nephrotoxic mechanism of TBA through transcriptomics, providing a new insight into TBA toxicology.

作为一种常用杀虫剂，特丁津（TBA）的广泛使用可能会对动物和人类造成毒性影响。然而，TBA 诱导的肾毒性尚不清楚。在此，我们通过转录组学和分子生物学技术探讨了 TBA 诱导肉鸡肾毒性的机制。病理学分析表明，TBA可导致肉鸡肾细胞空泡化和纤维化。此外，转录组学分析表明，TBA可导致一些凋亡相关基因的表达发生显著变化，GO和KEGG分析也发现TBA可显著改变肾脏中凋亡通路和AMPK信号通路的功能。TBA暴露后，肾脏中Bax、Bak-1、FADD和裂解Caspase-3/Caspase-3的蛋白表达水平明显升高，TUNEL阳性细胞数量明显增加。同时，我们还发现 TBA 可激活 AMPK/p53 通路，表现为 AMPKα1 磷酸化水平和 p53 蛋白表达水平的上调。因此，我们的研究结果表明，TBA 可通过 AMPK/p53 通路诱导肾脏细胞凋亡。这些发现通过转录组学确定了 TBA 的肾毒性机制，为 TBA 毒理学提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0