Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献_第3页

Comparative toxicity mechanisms of sulfoxaflor and lambda-cyhalothrin against Apolygus lucorum from enzymatic and transcriptomic perspectives: Efficient application of insecticides

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106306

Lu Xu , Baosheng Liu , Liubin Xiao , Zhichun Zhang , Hongtao Niu , Dongxiao Zhao , Shuai Sun , Huifang Guo

The pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin is threatened by insecticide resistance and has been registered to control Apolygus lucorum. The sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor as an excellent candidate is recommended for its management. Previous studies have mainly focused on identifying resistance genes and their sublethal effects on the biological characteristics of these two insecticides in this pest. However, the toxicity mechanism differences of lambda-cyhalothrin and sulfoxaflor exposures are largely unknown. The LD₁₀ and LD₃₀ values were measured with significant difference as 0.15, 0.46, 33.58, and 73.60 ng/insect for sulfoxaflor and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively, indicating differences in the insecticide type. Exposure to sublethal sulfoxaflor resulted in a higher total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (550 and 995 DEGs) than exposure to sublethal lambda-cyhalothrin (101 and 112 DEGs). Moreover, enrichment analysis showed that more metabolic and signaling pathways were involved in the toxicity of sulfoxaflor than that of lambda-cyhalothrin, and enzyme activities in the enriched pathways were induced by sulfoxaflor and inhibited by lambda-cyhalothrin. For transcriptome validation, DEGs encoding detoxification-related genes were identified and validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results indicate that sulfoxaflor is more toxic than lambda-cyhalothrin due to different modes of action. Our findings not only first provide insight into the toxicity mechanism differences of lambda-cyhalothrin and sulfoxaflor action and detoxification in A. lucorum at molecular and biochemical levels but also offer data and techniques for registering candidate sulfoxaflor and efficient application of insecticides in the field.

{"title":"Comparative toxicity mechanisms of sulfoxaflor and lambda-cyhalothrin against Apolygus lucorum from enzymatic and transcriptomic perspectives: Efficient application of insecticides","authors":"Lu Xu , Baosheng Liu , Liubin Xiao , Zhichun Zhang , Hongtao Niu , Dongxiao Zhao , Shuai Sun , Huifang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin is threatened by insecticide resistance and has been registered to control <em>Apolygus lucorum</em>. The sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor as an excellent candidate is recommended for its management. Previous studies have mainly focused on identifying resistance genes and their sublethal effects on the biological characteristics of these two insecticides in this pest. However, the toxicity mechanism differences of lambda-cyhalothrin and sulfoxaflor exposures are largely unknown. The LD<sub>10</sub> and LD<sub>30</sub> values were measured with significant difference as 0.15, 0.46, 33.58, and 73.60 ng/insect for sulfoxaflor and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively, indicating differences in the insecticide type. Exposure to sublethal sulfoxaflor resulted in a higher total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (550 and 995 DEGs) than exposure to sublethal lambda-cyhalothrin (101 and 112 DEGs). Moreover, enrichment analysis showed that more metabolic and signaling pathways were involved in the toxicity of sulfoxaflor than that of lambda-cyhalothrin, and enzyme activities in the enriched pathways were induced by sulfoxaflor and inhibited by lambda-cyhalothrin. For transcriptome validation, DEGs encoding detoxification-related genes were identified and validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results indicate that sulfoxaflor is more toxic than lambda-cyhalothrin due to different modes of action. Our findings not only first provide insight into the toxicity mechanism differences of lambda-cyhalothrin and sulfoxaflor action and detoxification in <em>A. lucorum</em> at molecular and biochemical levels but also offer data and techniques for registering candidate sulfoxaflor and efficient application of insecticides in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106306"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The novel Bacillus thuringiensis HSY204 as a potential bioinsecticide with efficacy against Aedes aegypti larvae

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106309

Qi Lin , Jiangyu Wu , Xiao Feng , Pan Yang , Coline C. Jaworski , Shakil Ahmad , Wenfei Zhang

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), renowned for its potential, rapid action and environmental sustainability, remains an understudied group, particularly in newly identified strains. In this study, we screened a novel Bt strain, HSY204, extracted from soil samples. Our results revealed that HSY204 belonged to a new species of Bt with remarkable efficacy against Aedes aegypti larvae. The complete HSY204 genome analysis revealed nine toxin genes. In particular, a protein similar to Xpp37Aa showed very promising effectiveness in mosquito suppression, though surpassed by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti). This research provides a valuable background for future biotechnological applications of HSY204 strain as a basis for the production of commercial bioinsecticides, thereby contributing to the development of innovative and environmentally friendly bioinsecticide strategies.

引用次数: 0

Inhibitory effect of organometallic framework composite nanomaterial ZIF8@ZIF67 on different pathogenic microorganisms of silkworms

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106307

Zhen-Yu Shen , Samreen Sadiq , Tao Xu , Ping Wu , Iltaf Khan , Xinhao Jiao , Aftab Khan , Lulai Wang , Su Lin

The domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) is of considerable economic importance, but is highly susceptible to various pathogens, which leads to substantial losses in sericulture. Nanomaterials, particularly metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have shown promise in antibacterial applications due to their broad-spectrum activity and low toxicity. This study presented the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial evaluation of MOF-based nanomaterials, specifically ZIF8, ZIF67, and their composite ZIF8@ZIF67, for their potential as antibacterial agents against silkworm pathogens. Our findings revealed that the composite material ZIF8@ZIF67 demonstrates better antibacterial efficacy against Bacillus cereus and Serratia marcescens in vitro than pristine ZIF8 and ZIF67, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 2.5 μg/mL and 3.0 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays indicate that neither ZIF8 at 100 μg/mL nor ZIF67 and ZIF8@ZIF67 at 200 μg/mL adversely affected the viability of BmN cells. At the same time, under these concentrations, the proliferation of Nosema bombycis at both 48 h and 72 h post-infection was significantly inhibited. Moreover, supplementation of 300 μg/g ZIF8@ZIF67 to silkworm larvae significantly enhanced their survival rates upon infection with the bacteria above without adversely affecting silkworm growth or cocoon weight. The underlying mechanisms of action may include disruption of bacterial cell membranes, induction of oxidative stress via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and initiation of apoptosis. The biocompatibility and non-toxicity of ZIF8@ZIF67 and its antibacterial efficacy suggest its potential as a safe and effective agent for silkworm disease control. Conclusively, our research offers important insights for advancing MOFs-based nanomaterials for potential antibacterial treatment in silkworms or other insects.

{"title":"Inhibitory effect of organometallic framework composite nanomaterial ZIF8@ZIF67 on different pathogenic microorganisms of silkworms","authors":"Zhen-Yu Shen , Samreen Sadiq , Tao Xu , Ping Wu , Iltaf Khan , Xinhao Jiao , Aftab Khan , Lulai Wang , Su Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The domestic silkworm (<em>Bombyx mori</em>) is of considerable economic importance, but is highly susceptible to various pathogens, which leads to substantial losses in sericulture. Nanomaterials, particularly metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), have shown promise in antibacterial applications due to their broad-spectrum activity and low toxicity. This study presented the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial evaluation of MOF-based nanomaterials, specifically ZIF8, ZIF67, and their composite ZIF8@ZIF67, for their potential as antibacterial agents against silkworm pathogens. Our findings revealed that the composite material ZIF8@ZIF67 demonstrates better antibacterial efficacy against <em>Bacillus cereus</em> and <em>Serratia marcescens</em> in vitro than pristine ZIF8 and ZIF67, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 2.5 μg/mL and 3.0 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays indicate that neither ZIF8 at 100 μg/mL nor ZIF67 and ZIF8@ZIF67 at 200 μg/mL adversely affected the viability of BmN cells. At the same time, under these concentrations, the proliferation of <em>Nosema bombycis</em> at both 48 h and 72 h post-infection was significantly inhibited. Moreover, supplementation of 300 μg/g ZIF8@ZIF67 to silkworm larvae significantly enhanced their survival rates upon infection with the bacteria above without adversely affecting silkworm growth or cocoon weight. The underlying mechanisms of action may include disruption of bacterial cell membranes, induction of oxidative stress via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and initiation of apoptosis. The biocompatibility and non-toxicity of ZIF8@ZIF67 and its antibacterial efficacy suggest its potential as a safe and effective agent for silkworm disease control. Conclusively, our research offers important insights for advancing MOFs-based nanomaterials for potential antibacterial treatment in silkworms or other insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106307"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional characterization of an epsilon glutathione S-transferase (SfGSTe9) associated with insecticide detoxification in Spodoptera frugiperda

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106305

Wei-Huan Xu , Meng-Yao Zhu , Zhi-Heng Xu , Xiao-Jie Li , Chao-Yang Peng , Xiao-Pei Fan , Yong-Qiang Li

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is a notorious insect pest of poaceae and causes severe economic damage to major cereal crop. It has evolved with different levels of insecticide resistance. Insect cytosolic GSTs are a major class of detoxifying enzymes and have been implicated in metabolic resistance and protection against oxidative stress. In this study, an epsilon class GST (SfGSTe9) was identified from S. frugiperda and its transcript levels were highest in the fat bodies, second instar and pupae. Furthermore, SfGSTe9 is upregulated after exposure to beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, and malathion. The kinetic analysis suggests the purified recombinant proteins exhibit CDNB conjugating activity, with the V_max of 11.87 ± 0.25 μM·min⁻¹ ·mg⁻¹ protein and K_m of 0.22 ± 0.01 mM. The peroxidase activity assays indicate that SfGSTe9 has antioxidant activity against both CHP and H₂O_2. The inhibition assays infer that four types of insecticides have strong inhibition on the GST activity. In vitro metabolism assays with HPLC further suggest that SfGSTe9 could be able to deplete 11.2 %, 21.3 % and 19.3 % of beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos within 2 h, respectively, with specific activity varying between 30 and 40 μM·min⁻¹ ·mg⁻¹ protein. However, no metabolites were identified in this case, indicating that SfGSTe9 probably involves in detoxification via binding and sequestration. 3D modeling and molecular docking analysis indicate that above three types of insecticide compounds fit nicely into the hydrophobic pocket in the active site of SfGSTe9. Our results definitely demonstrate that SfGSTe9 of S. frugiperda plays pivotal role in insecticide detoxification and serves in defence against oxidative stress.

{"title":"Functional characterization of an epsilon glutathione S-transferase (SfGSTe9) associated with insecticide detoxification in Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Wei-Huan Xu , Meng-Yao Zhu , Zhi-Heng Xu , Xiao-Jie Li , Chao-Yang Peng , Xiao-Pei Fan , Yong-Qiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fall armyworm, <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (J. E. Smith) is a notorious insect pest of poaceae and causes severe economic damage to major cereal crop. It has evolved with different levels of insecticide resistance. Insect cytosolic GSTs are a major class of detoxifying enzymes and have been implicated in metabolic resistance and protection against oxidative stress. In this study, an epsilon class GST (<em>SfGSTe9</em>) was identified from <em>S. frugiperda</em> and its transcript levels were highest in the fat bodies, second instar and pupae. Furthermore, <em>SfGSTe9</em> is upregulated after exposure to <em>beta-</em>cypermethrin, <em>lambda</em>-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, and malathion. The kinetic analysis suggests the purified recombinant proteins exhibit CDNB conjugating activity, with the <em>V</em><sub>max</sub> of 11.87 ± 0.25 μM·min<sup>−1</sup> ·mg<sup>−1</sup> protein and <em>K</em><sub>m</sub> of 0.22 ± 0.01 mM. The peroxidase activity assays indicate that SfGSTe9 has antioxidant activity against both CHP and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2.</sub> The inhibition assays infer that four types of insecticides have strong inhibition on the GST activity. In vitro metabolism assays with HPLC further suggest that SfGSTe9 could be able to deplete 11.2 %, 21.3 % and 19.3 % of <em>beta-</em>cypermethrin, <em>lambda</em>-cyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos within 2 h, respectively, with specific activity varying between 30 and 40 μM·min<sup>−1</sup> ·mg<sup>−1</sup> protein. However, no metabolites were identified in this case, indicating that SfGSTe9 probably involves in detoxification via binding and sequestration. 3D modeling and molecular docking analysis indicate that above three types of insecticide compounds fit nicely into the hydrophobic pocket in the active site of SfGSTe9<em>.</em> Our results definitely demonstrate that SfGSTe9 of <em>S. frugiperda</em> plays pivotal role in insecticide detoxification and serves in defence against oxidative stress<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106305"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alterations in microbial community structures and metabolic function in soil treated with biological and chemical insecticides

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106304

Renwen Zheng , Jun Peng , Qianqian Li , Yue Liu , Dongyan Huang , Yangjunlu Sheng , Cui Liu , Lei Qi , Nemat O. Keyhani , Qingfeng Tang

Entomopathogenic fungi show significant promise as effective and ecological friendly alternatives to chemical insecticides for insect pest control. However, little is known concerning their effects on soil ecosystems, especially in comparison to application of chemical insecticides. Here, we examined the effects of one biological and two chemical insecticides, Metarhizium anisopliae, imidacloprid (IMI) and emamectin benzoate (EMB) on microbial community structure, metabolic functioning, and soil biochemistry. Treatment with EMB and IMI, reduced Actinobacteriota populations, while increasing that of Acidobacteriota. However, these populations were not significantly altered under M. anisopliae treatment. Chemical pesticides also altered fungal communities including potential pathogens. Activities of soil beneficial nitrogen-cycling-related enzymes were reduced after application of IMI and EMB, but were increased after treatment with M. anisopliae. Metagenomics analysis showed that IMI treatment reduced levels of carbon and nitrogen-related metabolic pathways. However, M. anisopliae treatment increased representation of key enzymes involved in the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling important for maintenance of soil fertility. Insecticides treatments altered the abundance of a number antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) but not virulence factors (VFs), whereas application of M. anisopliae resulted had only minimal effects. These findings highlight the consequences of use of biological vs. chemical pesticides on soil microbiology can affect plant and ecosystem health indicating that the fungal biological control agent, M. anisopliae likely has far less detrimental and potentially beneficial effects on soil ecology as compared to chemical pesticides.

{"title":"Alterations in microbial community structures and metabolic function in soil treated with biological and chemical insecticides","authors":"Renwen Zheng , Jun Peng , Qianqian Li , Yue Liu , Dongyan Huang , Yangjunlu Sheng , Cui Liu , Lei Qi , Nemat O. Keyhani , Qingfeng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entomopathogenic fungi show significant promise as effective and ecological friendly alternatives to chemical insecticides for insect pest control. However, little is known concerning their effects on soil ecosystems, especially in comparison to application of chemical insecticides. Here, we examined the effects of one biological and two chemical insecticides, <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em>, imidacloprid (IMI) and emamectin benzoate (EMB) on microbial community structure, metabolic functioning, and soil biochemistry. Treatment with EMB and IMI, reduced Actinobacteriota populations, while increasing that of Acidobacteriota. However, these populations were not significantly altered under <em>M. anisopliae</em> treatment. Chemical pesticides also altered fungal communities including potential pathogens. Activities of soil beneficial nitrogen-cycling-related enzymes were reduced after application of IMI and EMB, but were increased after treatment with <em>M. anisopliae</em>. Metagenomics analysis showed that IMI treatment reduced levels of carbon and nitrogen-related metabolic pathways. However, <em>M. anisopliae</em> treatment increased representation of key enzymes involved in the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling important for maintenance of soil fertility. Insecticides treatments altered the abundance of a number antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) but not virulence factors (VFs), whereas application of <em>M. anisopliae</em> resulted had only minimal effects. These findings highlight the consequences of use of biological vs. chemical pesticides on soil microbiology can affect plant and ecosystem health indicating that the fungal biological control agent, <em>M. anisopliae</em> likely has far less detrimental and potentially beneficial effects on soil ecology as compared to chemical pesticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106304"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Minimal toxicological impact of chlorothalonil on adult honey bees (Apis mellifera, L.)

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106300

Frank D. Rinkevich, David Dodge, Nathan Egnew

Honey bees encounter a diverse array of pesticides in their foraging areas and inside their colonies. Beekeepers have expressed tremendous concern about the impacts of pesticides on honey bee colony health and their beekeeping business. The fungicide chlorothalonil is frequently detected at concentrations above 5 ppm within colonies. Exposure to chlorothalonil in lab studies have shown impacts on larval development and morphology of emerging adults while field studies have shown that colony losses are associated with chlorothalonil at 5 ppm. This research was conducted to test if chlorothalonil has effects on honey bee toxicity, insecticide synergism, detoxification activity, and expression of esterase and cytochrome P450 genes in order to assess if chlorothalonil may contribute to colony losses via direct or enhanced toxicity. Exposure to 10 μg topically applied doses or 5 ppm orally applied concentrations of technical or formulated chlorothalonil did not result in significant direct mortality, demonstrated <2-fold levels of synergism or antagonism with phenothrin, chlorpyrifos, and clothianidin, and did not impact activity or expression of detoxification enzymes. Therefore, the impacts of chlorothalonil on honey bee colony health is likely not due to toxicity or synergism but rather other physiological mechanisms.

{"title":"Minimal toxicological impact of chlorothalonil on adult honey bees (Apis mellifera, L.)","authors":"Frank D. Rinkevich, David Dodge, Nathan Egnew","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honey bees encounter a diverse array of pesticides in their foraging areas and inside their colonies. Beekeepers have expressed tremendous concern about the impacts of pesticides on honey bee colony health and their beekeeping business. The fungicide chlorothalonil is frequently detected at concentrations above 5 ppm within colonies. Exposure to chlorothalonil in lab studies have shown impacts on larval development and morphology of emerging adults while field studies have shown that colony losses are associated with chlorothalonil at 5 ppm. This research was conducted to test if chlorothalonil has effects on honey bee toxicity, insecticide synergism, detoxification activity, and expression of esterase and cytochrome P450 genes in order to assess if chlorothalonil may contribute to colony losses via direct or enhanced toxicity. Exposure to 10 μg topically applied doses or 5 ppm orally applied concentrations of technical or formulated chlorothalonil did not result in significant direct mortality, demonstrated <2-fold levels of synergism or antagonism with phenothrin, chlorpyrifos, and clothianidin, and did not impact activity or expression of detoxification enzymes. Therefore, the impacts of chlorothalonil on honey bee colony health is likely not due to toxicity or synergism but rather other physiological mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Suppression of Adipokinetic hormones enhances Ascovirus HvAV-3h killing speed in Helicoverpa armigera

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106303

Zhengkun Xiao , Jiajun Gao , Jun Tang , Ting Xiao , Jianjun Hu , Yuhan Xie , Heba A.H. Zaghloul , Guo-Hua Huang

The emergence of pesticide resistance in Helicoverpa armigera and other pests represents a challenge, necessitating continued development of innovative insecticides. Ascoviruses are a potential insecticide for H. armigera. These double-stranded DNA viruses cause cell death and lethal disease in infected larvae. However, this disease is chronic and prolongs the lifespan of the infected larvae by several weeks. The slow killing speed limits the success of these pathogens in the insecticidal market. Here, we demonstrate that the dsRNA silencing of H. armigera neuropeptide Adipokinetic Hormones (HaAKH) accelerates the killing speed of Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) against the third-instar larvae of H. armigera. The LT50 was reduced to 3.96 days in larvae with silenced HaAKH1 and 4.7 days in those with silenced HaAKH3. Moreover, the histopathological examinations revealed the destruction of the host's fat body and epidermal tissue shrinkage after HaAKH silencing during HvAV-3h infection. Examining detoxification and antioxidant enzyme activity in HvAV-3h infected larvae showed reduced detoxification mechanisms after HaAKH gene silencing. Furthermore, the silencing of HaAKH resulted in an overall reduction in the fold changes of proline dehydrogenase. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the ascovirus killing speed can be accelerated by interfering with the host neuropeptide-related gene expression. Moreover, the silencing of H. armigera HaAKH1 and HaAKH3 decreased the antiviral immunity against HvAV-3h.

{"title":"Suppression of Adipokinetic hormones enhances Ascovirus HvAV-3h killing speed in Helicoverpa armigera","authors":"Zhengkun Xiao , Jiajun Gao , Jun Tang , Ting Xiao , Jianjun Hu , Yuhan Xie , Heba A.H. Zaghloul , Guo-Hua Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of pesticide resistance in <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> and other pests represents a challenge, necessitating continued development of innovative insecticides. Ascoviruses are a potential insecticide for <em>H. armigera</em>. These double-stranded DNA viruses cause cell death and lethal disease in infected larvae. However, this disease is chronic and prolongs the lifespan of the infected larvae by several weeks. The slow killing speed limits the success of these pathogens in the insecticidal market. Here, we demonstrate that the dsRNA silencing of <em>H. armigera</em> neuropeptide Adipokinetic Hormones (<em>HaAKH</em>) accelerates the killing speed of <em>Heliothis virescens</em> ascovirus 3h (HvAV-3h) against the third-instar larvae of <em>H. armigera</em>. The LT50 was reduced to 3.96 days in larvae with silenced <em>HaAKH1</em> and 4.7 days in those with silenced <em>HaAKH3</em>. Moreover, the histopathological examinations revealed the destruction of the host's fat body and epidermal tissue shrinkage after <em>HaAKH</em> silencing during HvAV-3h infection. Examining detoxification and antioxidant enzyme activity in HvAV-3h infected larvae showed reduced detoxification mechanisms after <em>HaAKH</em> gene silencing. Furthermore, the silencing of <em>HaAKH</em> resulted in an overall reduction in the fold changes of proline dehydrogenase. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the ascovirus killing speed can be accelerated by interfering with the host neuropeptide-related gene expression. Moreover, the silencing of <em>H. armigera HaAKH1</em> and <em>HaAKH3</em> decreased the antiviral immunity against HvAV-3h.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronic sublethal exposure to chlorantraniliprole inhibits growth and development by disrupting the sugar and fatty acid metabolism in Spodoptera frugiperda

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106302

Xiao-Guang Liu , Qing-Ge Wang , Xiao-Ming Liu , Xiang Li , Meng-Fang Du , Cai-Hong Tian , Yun-Hui Zhang , Shi-Heng An

Chlorantraniliprole is extensively utilized for managing lepidopteran pests, such as Spodoptera frugiperda. However, its long-lasting residual effects and extended half-life result in prolonged exposure of target insects to low dose insecticide, leading to sublethal effects. This study investigates the sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on the growth and development, reproductive capacity, population parameters, nutritional indicators, and sugar-lipid metabolism in S. frugiperda. The results demonstrated that sustained exposure to sublethal concentrations not only prolongs larval and pupal stages but also significantly decreases weights at each developmental phase, lowers pupation rates and markedly impairs ovarian development. Furthermore, exposure to sublethal chlorantraniliprole significantly increased approximate digestibility (AD) but decreased efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), and relative growth rate (RGR) in F₀, leading to nutrient deficiencies required for proper growth, development, and metabolic detoxification, with a substantial depletion of stored energy reserves. Importantly, the finding revealed a significant decrease in energy storage compounds (glycogen, trehalose, and triglycerides) in the treated insects, accompanied by changes in enzymes and genes associated with sugar-lipid metabolism. Moreover, age-stage two-sex life table analysis revealed significant transgenerational impacts, hindering the population growth of the F₁ generation. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of recognizing sublethal effects when designing pest management strategies, demonstrating the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole while also highlighting the necessity of considering its potential long-term ecological consequences.

{"title":"Chronic sublethal exposure to chlorantraniliprole inhibits growth and development by disrupting the sugar and fatty acid metabolism in Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Xiao-Guang Liu , Qing-Ge Wang , Xiao-Ming Liu , Xiang Li , Meng-Fang Du , Cai-Hong Tian , Yun-Hui Zhang , Shi-Heng An","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorantraniliprole is extensively utilized for managing lepidopteran pests, such as <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>. However, its long-lasting residual effects and extended half-life result in prolonged exposure of target insects to low dose insecticide, leading to sublethal effects. This study investigates the sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on the growth and development, reproductive capacity, population parameters, nutritional indicators, and sugar-lipid metabolism in <em>S. frugiperda</em>. The results demonstrated that sustained exposure to sublethal concentrations not only prolongs larval and pupal stages but also significantly decreases weights at each developmental phase, lowers pupation rates and markedly impairs ovarian development. Furthermore, exposure to sublethal chlorantraniliprole significantly increased approximate digestibility (<em>AD</em>) but decreased efficiency of conversion of digested food (<em>ECD</em>), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (<em>ECI</em>), and relative growth rate (<em>RGR</em>) in F<sub>0</sub>, leading to nutrient deficiencies required for proper growth, development, and metabolic detoxification, with a substantial depletion of stored energy reserves. Importantly, the finding revealed a significant decrease in energy storage compounds (glycogen, trehalose, and triglycerides) in the treated insects, accompanied by changes in enzymes and genes associated with sugar-lipid metabolism. Moreover, age-stage two-sex life table analysis revealed significant transgenerational impacts, hindering the population growth of the F<sub>1</sub> generation. Overall, these findings underscore the importance of recognizing sublethal effects when designing pest management strategies, demonstrating the efficacy of chlorantraniliprole while also highlighting the necessity of considering its potential long-term ecological consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nematicidal activity of pyrazine compounds against Meloidogyne incongnita, Burshaphelenchus xylophilus, and Aphelenchoides besseyi

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106298

Hongyi Song, Qiuxia Yang, Sheng Wang, Zhifu Xing, Xiuhai Gan, Jixiang Chen

The increase of plant parasitic nematode resistance poses a great threat to agricultural and forestry production. To search for nematicides with novel mechanism of action, nematicidal activity of the 29 pyrazine compounds were tested. Compound C2 showed excellent nematicidal activity against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Meloidogyne incongnita, and Aphelenchoides besseyi, with LC₅₀ values were 2.3, 3.3, and 10.6 mg/L, respectively, and the pot experiment showed that C2 reduced the number of tomato roots knots to a certain extent. In addition, C2 significantly inhibited egg hatching, locomotion and reproductive ability of B. xylophilus, and also reduced the levels of protein and antioxidant enzyme activity to some extent, and the indexes related to oxidative stress showed an increasing trend after treatment. The novel chemical structure of compound D was designed and synthesized based on the lead compound C2 by the scaffold hopping strategy. Interestingly, compound D also has excellent nematicidal activity. Compound D can be used as an excellent scaffold in the discovery of novel nematicides and we will continue to work on the optimization and modification of this scaffold structure in the future.

{"title":"Nematicidal activity of pyrazine compounds against Meloidogyne incongnita, Burshaphelenchus xylophilus, and Aphelenchoides besseyi","authors":"Hongyi Song, Qiuxia Yang, Sheng Wang, Zhifu Xing, Xiuhai Gan, Jixiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increase of plant parasitic nematode resistance poses a great threat to agricultural and forestry production. To search for nematicides with novel mechanism of action, nematicidal activity of the 29 pyrazine compounds were tested. Compound <strong>C2</strong> showed excellent nematicidal activity against <em>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</em>, <em>Meloidogyne incongnita</em>, and <em>Aphelenchoides besseyi</em>, with LC<sub>50</sub> values were 2.3, 3.3, and 10.6 mg/L, respectively, and the pot experiment showed that <strong>C2</strong> reduced the number of tomato roots knots to a certain extent. In addition, <strong>C2</strong> significantly inhibited egg hatching, locomotion and reproductive ability of <em>B. xylophilus</em>, and also reduced the levels of protein and antioxidant enzyme activity to some extent, and the indexes related to oxidative stress showed an increasing trend after treatment. The novel chemical structure of compound <strong>D</strong> was designed and synthesized based on the lead compound <strong>C2</strong> by the scaffold hopping strategy. Interestingly, compound <strong>D</strong> also has excellent nematicidal activity. Compound <strong>D</strong> can be used as an excellent scaffold in the discovery of novel nematicides and we will continue to work on the optimization and modification of this scaffold structure in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioactive flavonoids from Leucosceptrum canum with nematicidal efficacy and mechanistic insights through acetylcholinesterase inhibition and docking study

IF 4.2 1区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106294

Himani Karakoti , Ravendra Kumar , Om Prakash , Anamika Dhami , Satya Kumar , Dharmendra Singh Rawat

Leucosceptrum canum, a rare Himalayan plant, shows significant bioactive properties, with its nematicidal potential investigated here for the first time. This study isolated and characterized flavonoids from L. canum, assessing their efficacy against the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Bioassay-guided fractionation identified three active flavonoids: Pectolinarigenin, 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone and Acacetin, structurally elucidated using spectroscopic techniques and literature comparisons. The flavonoids exhibited dose-dependent nematicidal activity, with percent mortalities after 96 h of 100 %, 92 %, and 59 %, respectively. LC₅₀ values of Pectolinarigenin (11.79 μg/mL), 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone (230.54 μg/mL), and Acacetin (679.67 μg/mL) were recorded, comparable to the standard nematicide Nimitz (LC₅₀: 0.01 μg/mL). These flavonoids also showed strong to moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values of 17.09, 86.72, and 142.2 μg/mL, respectively, nearing the efficacy of standard, physostigmine (IC₅₀: 19.37 μg/mL), suggesting a neuromuscular mechanism of action. The enzyme kinetics analysis of pectolinarigenin revealed it to be a reversible inhibitor of AChE exhibiting mixed-type inhibition, with inhibition constant of 15.94 μg/mL. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities (−7.8 to −7.2 kcal/mol) at the AChE active site, highlighting key hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. ADMET analysis confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, underscoring the potential of these flavonoids as eco-friendly nematicidal alternatives. This study establishes L. canum as a valuable source of flavonoids with dual nematicidal and AChE inhibitory properties, supported by integrated in vitro and in silico studies. It underscores the untapped phytochemical wealth of Himalayan flora for sustainable nematode management.

{"title":"Bioactive flavonoids from Leucosceptrum canum with nematicidal efficacy and mechanistic insights through acetylcholinesterase inhibition and docking study","authors":"Himani Karakoti , Ravendra Kumar , Om Prakash , Anamika Dhami , Satya Kumar , Dharmendra Singh Rawat","doi":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pestbp.2025.106294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Leucosceptrum canum</em>, a rare Himalayan plant, shows significant bioactive properties, with its nematicidal potential investigated here for the first time. This study isolated and characterized flavonoids from L. <em>canum</em>, assessing their efficacy against the plant-parasitic nematode <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>. Bioassay-guided fractionation identified three active flavonoids: Pectolinarigenin, 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone and Acacetin, structurally elucidated using spectroscopic techniques and literature comparisons. The flavonoids exhibited dose-dependent nematicidal activity, with percent mortalities after 96 h of 100 %, 92 %, and 59 %, respectively. LC₅₀ values of Pectolinarigenin (11.79 μg/mL), 5,6,7-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone (230.54 μg/mL), and Acacetin (679.67 μg/mL) were recorded, comparable to the standard nematicide Nimitz (LC₅₀: 0.01 μg/mL). These flavonoids also showed strong to moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values of 17.09, 86.72, and 142.2 μg/mL, respectively, nearing the efficacy of standard, physostigmine (IC₅₀: 19.37 μg/mL), suggesting a neuromuscular mechanism of action. The enzyme kinetics analysis of pectolinarigenin revealed it to be a reversible inhibitor of AChE exhibiting mixed-type inhibition, with inhibition constant of 15.94 μg/mL. Molecular docking revealed strong binding affinities (−7.8 to −7.2 kcal/mol) at the AChE active site, highlighting key hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. ADMET analysis confirmed favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, underscoring the potential of these flavonoids as eco-friendly nematicidal alternatives. This study establishes L. <em>canum</em> as a valuable source of flavonoids with dual nematicidal and AChE inhibitory properties, supported by integrated <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in silico</em> studies. It underscores the untapped phytochemical wealth of Himalayan flora for sustainable nematode management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19828,"journal":{"name":"Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106294"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143095553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0