Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.606
Ulusoy Hi
Sample pretreatment procedures is one of the most important steps in analysis of complex samples. Even a research laboratory has complicated or sensitive instruments, it is not easy to obtain reliable results if all variables can be considered carefully in your samples. All over the world, most of analytical chemists try to find new methods and develop new materials for sensitive and correct analysis of target species. Prior to analysis in instrumental tools, sample preparation is a critical step affecting all results. Accuracy and reliability of results are directly affected by these steps. An ideal pretreatment procedure should be simple, cost effective, environmental friendly and compatible detection method. There are two fundamental goal of pre-treatment procedures; separation of matrix components and pre-concentration of trace analyte species. If a method can accomplish one of these goals, a conventional analysis approaches will be more sensitive or selective for trace analyte species. This paper includes a few useful approaches of our research group for trace determination of organic and inorganic species. Each of method focus on a target ion or molecule by using a pre-concentration method such as cloud point extraction (CPE), solid phase extraction (SPE), and magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE), fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE). Application of developed method was carried out in various complex samples including food, cosmetic, water and other environmental samples.
{"title":"Innovative and Useful Approaches on Trace Determinations of Organic and Inorganic Analytes","authors":"Ulusoy Hi","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.606","url":null,"abstract":"Sample pretreatment procedures is one of the most important steps in analysis of complex samples. Even a research laboratory has complicated or sensitive instruments, it is not easy to obtain reliable results if all variables can be considered carefully in your samples. All over the world, most of analytical chemists try to find new methods and develop new materials for sensitive and correct analysis of target species. Prior to analysis in instrumental tools, sample preparation is a critical step affecting all results. Accuracy and reliability of results are directly affected by these steps. An ideal pretreatment procedure should be simple, cost effective, environmental friendly and compatible detection method. There are two fundamental goal of pre-treatment procedures; separation of matrix components and pre-concentration of trace analyte species. If a method can accomplish one of these goals, a conventional analysis approaches will be more sensitive or selective for trace analyte species. This paper includes a few useful approaches of our research group for trace determination of organic and inorganic species. Each of method focus on a target ion or molecule by using a pre-concentration method such as cloud point extraction (CPE), solid phase extraction (SPE), and magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE), fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE). Application of developed method was carried out in various complex samples including food, cosmetic, water and other environmental samples.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80543962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.612
Z. Al-Obaidi, Omar F. Abdul-Rasheed, M. F. Mahdi, Ayad M. R. Raauf
Background: Recently, in silico or computer-aided drug design has emerged as a cornerstone on the harbor of modern drug discovery. One of the approaches to treat cancer is the inhibition of tyrosine kinase, which is considered as a key enzyme in the survival of the cancerous cells. Spebrutinib, as a member of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, has few unwanted side effects due to its off-target bindings. In this work, the GOLD program was employed to predict the bindings and thus the inhibitory activity toward the tyrosine kinase. Methodology: After the design and docking processes, the chemical synthesis of three spebrutinib analogues was achieved. Results: The percent yields of the chemical syntheses were ranged from 81% to 89%. These analogues were characterized utilizing; FT-IR, DSC, CHN, and 1H NMR. In conclusion, these new spebrutinib analogues were successfully designed, synthesized, and characterized. However, these analogues are potential anticancer agents and biological activity against cancerous and toxicity pattern against normal cells are crucial to affirm the present findings.
{"title":"In Silico Design, Synthesis and Characterization of New Spebrutinib Analogues","authors":"Z. Al-Obaidi, Omar F. Abdul-Rasheed, M. F. Mahdi, Ayad M. R. Raauf","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.612","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recently, in silico or computer-aided drug design has emerged as a cornerstone on the harbor of modern drug discovery. One of the approaches to treat cancer is the inhibition of tyrosine kinase, which is considered as a key enzyme in the survival of the cancerous cells. Spebrutinib, as a member of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, has few unwanted side effects due to its off-target bindings. In this work, the GOLD program was employed to predict the bindings and thus the inhibitory activity toward the tyrosine kinase. Methodology: After the design and docking processes, the chemical synthesis of three spebrutinib analogues was achieved. Results: The percent yields of the chemical syntheses were ranged from 81% to 89%. These analogues were characterized utilizing; FT-IR, DSC, CHN, and 1H NMR. In conclusion, these new spebrutinib analogues were successfully designed, synthesized, and characterized. However, these analogues are potential anticancer agents and biological activity against cancerous and toxicity pattern against normal cells are crucial to affirm the present findings.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88676496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.610
Veera S. Pulusu, Krishna C. Routhu, Soma SB. Chikkaswamy
{"title":"Quantitative Determination of Brexpiprazole by RP-HPLC Method","authors":"Veera S. Pulusu, Krishna C. Routhu, Soma SB. Chikkaswamy","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.610","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73743348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.616
A. Hussein, O. Rasheed, M. F. Mahdi, Ayad M. R. Raauf
Background: In silico drug design conducts a process for making conformations and directions of multiple ligands and chooses the best ones, then being selected. In silico studies are used to examine and model molecular interactions between target macromolecules and ligand. Tyrosine kinase is considered a potential target to design inhibitors. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor like imatinib this drug has succeeded to pass through clinical studies in an attempt to cure the cancer, which is considered as the second leading cause of deaths in the world. In this work, the GOLD program was employed to predict the bindings and thus the inhibitory activity toward the tyrosine kinase. Methodology: After the design and docking processes, the chemical synthesis of three imatinib analogues was achieved. Results: the percent of yield of the chemical synthesis was (81-85%). The synthesized compounds were well characterized using FTIR, NMR, DSC, and CHN elemental analyser. The present purity was within the globally accepted value of less than 0.4% with the employment of CHN combustion.
{"title":"Molecular Docking Studies for Design, Synthesis and Characterization of New Imatinib Analogues","authors":"A. Hussein, O. Rasheed, M. F. Mahdi, Ayad M. R. Raauf","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.616","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In silico drug design conducts a process for making conformations and directions of multiple ligands and chooses the best ones, then being selected. In silico studies are used to examine and model molecular interactions between target macromolecules and ligand. Tyrosine kinase is considered a potential target to design inhibitors. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor like imatinib this drug has succeeded to pass through clinical studies in an attempt to cure the cancer, which is considered as the second leading cause of deaths in the world. In this work, the GOLD program was employed to predict the bindings and thus the inhibitory activity toward the tyrosine kinase. Methodology: After the design and docking processes, the chemical synthesis of three imatinib analogues was achieved. Results: the percent of yield of the chemical synthesis was (81-85%). The synthesized compounds were well characterized using FTIR, NMR, DSC, and CHN elemental analyser. The present purity was within the globally accepted value of less than 0.4% with the employment of CHN combustion.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"146 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77738515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.608
Bhagwat J Bodade, Dhiraj A Kanade, Sandip S Chaudhari
{"title":"Quantitative Estimation of Dapagliflozin in Blood Plasma by Using UV Spectroscopy","authors":"Bhagwat J Bodade, Dhiraj A Kanade, Sandip S Chaudhari","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.608","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73946851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.615
Nada M. Mostafa
Xu et al. reported that rutin decreases β-amyloid plaque aggregation, nitric oxide production, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in-vitro. They additionally investigated its in-vivo neuroprotective effects on alzheimer-diseased transgenic mice, where they reported an attenuation of the memory deficits, increase of antioxidant parameters as reduced glutathione and super oxide dismutase, decrease in lipid peroxidation levels, as indicated by malondialdehyde, as well as decreased brain interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels [2].
{"title":"Rutin: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Alzheimer Disease","authors":"Nada M. Mostafa","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.615","url":null,"abstract":"Xu et al. reported that rutin decreases β-amyloid plaque aggregation, nitric oxide production, the pro-inflammatory cytokines, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in-vitro. They additionally investigated its in-vivo neuroprotective effects on alzheimer-diseased transgenic mice, where they reported an attenuation of the memory deficits, increase of antioxidant parameters as reduced glutathione and super oxide dismutase, decrease in lipid peroxidation levels, as indicated by malondialdehyde, as well as decreased brain interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels [2].","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90643925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.617
V. Samanidou
Over the past few decades, there has been substantial progress in the chemical analysis methods and techniques of pharmaceutical entities. The role of International Pharmacopoeias and guidelines has gained more prominence with even greater recognition and attention. Particularly, the focus on the development of biopharmaceuticals has increased over the past few years. Consequently, there is greater demand for most recent and advanced knowledge of analytical pharmaceutical chemistry among pharmacy students and analytical chemists. Efforts are being made across several laboratories on development of new and advanced analytical techniques in titration; chromatography, electrophoresis and spectroscopy as the number of officially validated method gradually increase. Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta has been focusing on publishing the most recent and trending research activities addressing the emerging analytical challenges in evaluation and characterization of pharmaceutical components through different stages of drug development including drug discovery as active raw molecule, different phases of clinical development, in finished product, manufacture as well as quality control. The current issue of Pharmaceutica Chemica Acta focuses on one natural drug component and chemically synthesizes analogues of tyrosine inhibitors and presents their characteristic structural and functional properties. These components have great potential in the treatment and cure of prevailing chronic disease such as Alzheimer’s disease and Cancer.
{"title":"New Analytical Insights into Treatment of Chronic Diseases","authors":"V. Samanidou","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.617","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few decades, there has been substantial progress in the chemical analysis methods and techniques of pharmaceutical entities. The role of International Pharmacopoeias and guidelines has gained more prominence with even greater recognition and attention. Particularly, the focus on the development of biopharmaceuticals has increased over the past few years. Consequently, there is greater demand for most recent and advanced knowledge of analytical pharmaceutical chemistry among pharmacy students and analytical chemists. Efforts are being made across several laboratories on development of new and advanced analytical techniques in titration; chromatography, electrophoresis and spectroscopy as the number of officially validated method gradually increase. Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta has been focusing on publishing the most recent and trending research activities addressing the emerging analytical challenges in evaluation and characterization of pharmaceutical components through different stages of drug development including drug discovery as active raw molecule, different phases of clinical development, in finished product, manufacture as well as quality control. The current issue of Pharmaceutica Chemica Acta focuses on one natural drug component and chemically synthesizes analogues of tyrosine inhibitors and presents their characteristic structural and functional properties. These components have great potential in the treatment and cure of prevailing chronic disease such as Alzheimer’s disease and Cancer.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"85 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83913179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.607
Agrawal H, S. Pk, Malviya R
Ophthalmic drug delivery has been a noteworthy challenge for the researchers because of its one of a kind anatomy and physiology which consists of different sorts of boundaries, such as layers of cornea, sclera, and retina, etc. these obstructions can cause challenges for drug delivery and also in a dosage form, significantly into the posterior part of the eye. To defeat these sorts of issues different types of dosage forms have been developed such as nanoparticles, nano micelles, liposome, and micro-emulsions. Ongoing endeavors in research for ophthalmic drug delivery principally have concentrated on the frameworks which demonstrated that drugs are administered as in the form of eye drops. Because of the intense efforts of researchers, huge progressions in the following areas have been made, areas like in situ forming gels, oil in water emulsions, colloidal drug delivery systems, etc. The present article represents the overview of various factors which affects absorption and also clarifies about the use of media like bio-relevant media for eyes. This review will also explains about the transport of peptides and proteins through eyes, factors governing precipitation of drugs into eyes, vaccination through eyes as well as mechanistic study for drug absorption. Additionally, this article also summarizes different patents which are based on ophthalmic delivery of active agents. Delivery of drugs by ophthalmic route has been proved advantageous for future perspectives.
{"title":"Applications, Model Study and Commercial Utilization (Patents) of Ophthalmic Route as Drug Delivery Site","authors":"Agrawal H, S. Pk, Malviya R","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.607","url":null,"abstract":"Ophthalmic drug delivery has been a noteworthy challenge for the researchers because of its one of a kind anatomy and physiology which consists of different sorts of boundaries, such as layers of cornea, sclera, and retina, etc. these obstructions can cause challenges for drug delivery and also in a dosage form, significantly into the posterior part of the eye. To defeat these sorts of issues different types of dosage forms have been developed such as nanoparticles, nano micelles, liposome, and micro-emulsions. Ongoing endeavors in research for ophthalmic drug delivery principally have concentrated on the frameworks which demonstrated that drugs are administered as in the form of eye drops. Because of the intense efforts of researchers, huge progressions in the following areas have been made, areas like in situ forming gels, oil in water emulsions, colloidal drug delivery systems, etc. The present article represents the overview of various factors which affects absorption and also clarifies about the use of media like bio-relevant media for eyes. This review will also explains about the transport of peptides and proteins through eyes, factors governing precipitation of drugs into eyes, vaccination through eyes as well as mechanistic study for drug absorption. Additionally, this article also summarizes different patents which are based on ophthalmic delivery of active agents. Delivery of drugs by ophthalmic route has been proved advantageous for future perspectives.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77402696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.614
V. Samanidou
Over the past several decades, the analytical techniques pertaining to drug detection and characterization have evolved a great deal resulting in development, optimization and validation of vast array of methodologies and techniques. Continued efforts are being made for impurity profiling while bringing in better accuracy and precision for separation and quantification of the analytes. Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta reports these advances periodically. The current issue of the journal focuses on distribution of nasal spray droplet distribution, in silico studies on Spebrutinib and pharmaceutical analysis based on flow analysis techniques.
{"title":"New Dimensions of Pharmaceutical Analysis","authors":"V. Samanidou","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.614","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, the analytical techniques pertaining to drug detection and characterization have evolved a great deal resulting in development, optimization and validation of vast array of methodologies and techniques. Continued efforts are being made for impurity profiling while bringing in better accuracy and precision for separation and quantification of the analytes. Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta reports these advances periodically. The current issue of the journal focuses on distribution of nasal spray droplet distribution, in silico studies on Spebrutinib and pharmaceutical analysis based on flow analysis techniques.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80355288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.604
T. Hong, Lim Sm, Y. Huang, K. Shu, Liang Lx, L. Liu, Liu Zy
CPT-loaded NPs with polyethylene glycol shells can increase its solubility in water and remain in circulation for a long time. This experiment has evaluated cytotoxicity and immune and subacute toxicity of CPT NPs. Camptothecin (CPT) was incorporated into biotin-F127-PLA or F127-PLA polymeric nanoparticles; a dialysis method was used for non-targeted CPT NPs and anti-CA125 antibodies for targeted CPT NPs. A cytotoxicity test was also conducted based on the growth inhibition of the mouse fibroblast-like L-929 cell line. The effects of the two CPT-loaded NPs on immunity were also determined through a carbon particle clearance rate assay. Each mouse was intraperitoneally injected with 0.4 ml/20 g.bw nanoparticles for 28 consecutive days in the subacute toxicity test. Results have showed that CPT NPs have reduced the toxicity of free CPT on the L-919 cells. The CPT NPs did not induce phagocytosis in the normal mice. At the end of subacute toxicity study no difference was found between the CPT NP and control groups in blood parameter analysis and main organ weight visceral coefficients. These results suggested that the new CPT NPs might elicit low toxic effects at cellular and organism levels.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity and Immune and Subacute Toxicity of Camptothecin-loaded Nanoparticles","authors":"T. Hong, Lim Sm, Y. Huang, K. Shu, Liang Lx, L. Liu, Liu Zy","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.604","url":null,"abstract":"CPT-loaded NPs with polyethylene glycol shells can increase its solubility in water and remain in circulation for a long time. This experiment has evaluated cytotoxicity and immune and subacute toxicity of CPT NPs. Camptothecin (CPT) was incorporated into biotin-F127-PLA or F127-PLA polymeric nanoparticles; a dialysis method was used for non-targeted CPT NPs and anti-CA125 antibodies for targeted CPT NPs. A cytotoxicity test was also conducted based on the growth inhibition of the mouse fibroblast-like L-929 cell line. The effects of the two CPT-loaded NPs on immunity were also determined through a carbon particle clearance rate assay. Each mouse was intraperitoneally injected with 0.4 ml/20 g.bw nanoparticles for 28 consecutive days in the subacute toxicity test. Results have showed that CPT NPs have reduced the toxicity of free CPT on the L-919 cells. The CPT NPs did not induce phagocytosis in the normal mice. At the end of subacute toxicity study no difference was found between the CPT NP and control groups in blood parameter analysis and main organ weight visceral coefficients. These results suggested that the new CPT NPs might elicit low toxic effects at cellular and organism levels.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87325844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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