Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.609
Richa I. Champaneria, Bhavini K. Gharia, Ashish D. Mishra, Shailesh A. Shah
A new simple, accurate and precise HPLC method have been developed and validated for estimation of Zolmitriptan in its pharmaceutical dosage form. In RP-HPLC method, a C18 column and methanol: water in the ratio of 75:25 (v/v %), pH adjusted to 3 using 10% orthophosphoric acid were used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detected at 222 nm. The retention time for zolmitriptan was found to be 3.6 min. The developed method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, LOD and LOQ as per ICH guidelines. Linearity was observed in the range of 10-50 μg/mL for zolmitriptan and correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9979. LOD and LOQ for Zolmitriptan were found to be 2.84 μg/mL and 8.62 μg/mL respectively. The % recovery was found to be 99.87%–101.57%. The method was applied for estimation of Zolmitriptan in its pharmaceutical dosage form. The assay result was found to be 95.98 ± 1.82 of percentage label claim of Zolmitriptan.
{"title":"Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Estimation of Zolmitriptan in its Pharmaceutical Dosage Form","authors":"Richa I. Champaneria, Bhavini K. Gharia, Ashish D. Mishra, Shailesh A. Shah","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.609","url":null,"abstract":"A new simple, accurate and precise HPLC method have been developed and validated for estimation of Zolmitriptan in its pharmaceutical dosage form. In RP-HPLC method, a C18 column and methanol: water in the ratio of 75:25 (v/v %), pH adjusted to 3 using 10% orthophosphoric acid were used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and detected at 222 nm. The retention time for zolmitriptan was found to be 3.6 min. The developed method was validated for linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, LOD and LOQ as per ICH guidelines. Linearity was observed in the range of 10-50 μg/mL for zolmitriptan and correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9979. LOD and LOQ for Zolmitriptan were found to be 2.84 μg/mL and 8.62 μg/mL respectively. The % recovery was found to be 99.87%–101.57%. The method was applied for estimation of Zolmitriptan in its pharmaceutical dosage form. The assay result was found to be 95.98 ± 1.82 of percentage label claim of Zolmitriptan.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77918300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000605
M. M, K. L, Baczek T
{"title":"A Review of the Usefulness of Non-invasive Exhaled Breath Condensate pH Analysis for Diseases Diagnosis with Elements of Meta-analysis: An Update from 2012","authors":"M. M, K. L, Baczek T","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000605","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91110676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.613
A. Economou
This commentary critically discusses the main advances in the field of flow analysis techniques hyphenated with liquid separations for pharmaceutical analysis over the last 15 years. Flow analysis techniques provide a convenient way to perform chemical assays with significant benefits in terms of rapidity, simplicity and cost of instrumentation, economy, precision, versatility in sample handling and potential for automation. The first-generation flow injection analysis (FIA), developed in the 1970’s, has been supplemented by a host of second-generation and third-generation flow methods developed in the 1990’s and 2000’s such as sequential injection analysis (SIA) and multi-syringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) [1]. However, the main drawback of these techniques is their limited ability to simultaneously determine several analytes. Therefore, the hyphenation of flow techniques with separation techniques is a very attractive because it enables multi-component analysis. It was the introduction of monolithic columns [2] that has made possible the direct coupling of flow techniques with liquid separations platforms and has led to the development of hyphenated approaches such as FIC, SIC and MSC [3-5]. In all these techniques, a separation column is inserted in the flow path between the point of sample introduction and the detector; the main principles of operation can be found in the relevant literature [3-7]. FIC, SIC and MSC offer distinct advantages in terms of rapidity, simplicity, versatility and capital costs compared with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and have been applied to the determination of a large number of pharmaceuticals [3-5]. When simple mixtures are considered, these hyphenated methods produce results that are comparable to HPLC [8,9]. The main advances in the hyphenation of flow analysis techniques with liquid separations for the purposes of pharmaceutical analysis are identified below.
{"title":"Advances in the Hyphenation of Flow Analysis Techniques with Liquid Separations for Pharmaceutical Analysis","authors":"A. Economou","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.613","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary critically discusses the main advances in the field of flow analysis techniques hyphenated with liquid separations for pharmaceutical analysis over the last 15 years. Flow analysis techniques provide a convenient way to perform chemical assays with significant benefits in terms of rapidity, simplicity and cost of instrumentation, economy, precision, versatility in sample handling and potential for automation. The first-generation flow injection analysis (FIA), developed in the 1970’s, has been supplemented by a host of second-generation and third-generation flow methods developed in the 1990’s and 2000’s such as sequential injection analysis (SIA) and multi-syringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) [1]. However, the main drawback of these techniques is their limited ability to simultaneously determine several analytes. Therefore, the hyphenation of flow techniques with separation techniques is a very attractive because it enables multi-component analysis. It was the introduction of monolithic columns [2] that has made possible the direct coupling of flow techniques with liquid separations platforms and has led to the development of hyphenated approaches such as FIC, SIC and MSC [3-5]. In all these techniques, a separation column is inserted in the flow path between the point of sample introduction and the detector; the main principles of operation can be found in the relevant literature [3-7]. FIC, SIC and MSC offer distinct advantages in terms of rapidity, simplicity, versatility and capital costs compared with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and have been applied to the determination of a large number of pharmaceuticals [3-5]. When simple mixtures are considered, these hyphenated methods produce results that are comparable to HPLC [8,9]. The main advances in the hyphenation of flow analysis techniques with liquid separations for the purposes of pharmaceutical analysis are identified below.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73065651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-17DOI: 10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.605
Marcin Muża, L. Konieczna, T. Bączek
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) sample analysis is an entirely non-invasive novel sample collection method that is fast, easy to perform, and effort-appeared independent. EBC samples can be very useful in identifying the biomarkers of many diseases. This review provides an updated overview of EBC pH disturbances in different disorders as well as physiological levels among healthy individuals since 2012. Our meta-analysis addresses some of the key questions related to sample processing before pH measurement and discusses various methods of condensate standardization that can be employed prior to conducting a pH assay. Given the recent widespread interest in research into the use of EBC to identify biomarkers, it is necessary to establish a pathway leading from analytical methods for biomarker evaluation using EBC pH to clinical applications of this technology. This review fills a gap in the literature and attempts to connect theory to practical analytical approaches to analyzing EBC samples and making critical treatment-related decisions next to the patient's bed.
{"title":"A Review of the Usefulness of Non-invasive Exhaled Breath Condensate pH Analysis for Diseases Diagnosis with Elements of Meta-analysis: An Update from 2012","authors":"Marcin Muża, L. Konieczna, T. Bączek","doi":"10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2153-2435.19.10.605","url":null,"abstract":"Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) sample analysis is an entirely non-invasive novel sample collection method that is fast, easy to perform, and effort-appeared independent. EBC samples can be very useful in identifying the biomarkers of many diseases. This review provides an updated overview of EBC pH disturbances in different disorders as well as physiological levels among healthy individuals since 2012. Our meta-analysis addresses some of the key questions related to sample processing before pH measurement and discusses various methods of condensate standardization that can be employed prior to conducting a pH assay. Given the recent widespread interest in research into the use of EBC to identify biomarkers, it is necessary to establish a pathway leading from analytical methods for biomarker evaluation using EBC pH to clinical applications of this technology. This review fills a gap in the literature and attempts to connect theory to practical analytical approaches to analyzing EBC samples and making critical treatment-related decisions next to the patient's bed.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79126100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000578
Dhia El-Hag, Abdallah Bs, M. Hassan, A. Suliman
For the last decade, significant attention has been paid to the occurrence, bioaccumulation and fate of drugs in effluent hospital water. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate analytical method to identify and quantify the antibiotics tetracycline HCl, (Tetra) doxycycline, (Doxy), ampicillin trihydrate (Ampi), amoxicillin trihydrate (Amoxi) and cephalexin monohydrate (Cefalex). The LCMS instrument used was equipped with with C18 column, (150 mm length x 4.6 mm inner diameter x5 um particle size). The mobile phase was acetonitrile/formic acid (1%) under gradient elution mode. The MS employs ESI unit and quadrupole mass analyzer. The analysis time was less than 15 min. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantitation, specificity, stability and excellent results were obtained.
{"title":"ESI-LC/MS Method Development and Validation for the Determination of Some Selected Antibiotics in Hospital Wastewater","authors":"Dhia El-Hag, Abdallah Bs, M. Hassan, A. Suliman","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000578","url":null,"abstract":"For the last decade, significant attention has been paid to the occurrence, bioaccumulation and fate of drugs in effluent hospital water. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate analytical method to identify and quantify the antibiotics tetracycline HCl, (Tetra) doxycycline, (Doxy), ampicillin trihydrate (Ampi), amoxicillin trihydrate (Amoxi) and cephalexin monohydrate (Cefalex). The LCMS instrument used was equipped with with C18 column, (150 mm length x 4.6 mm inner diameter x5 um particle size). The mobile phase was acetonitrile/formic acid (1%) under gradient elution mode. The MS employs ESI unit and quadrupole mass analyzer. The analysis time was less than 15 min. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, limit of detection and limit of quantitation, specificity, stability and excellent results were obtained.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78921687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-31DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435-C1-032
Jiong-Wei Wang
{"title":"Old drug new tricks: Berberine in myocardial infarction","authors":"Jiong-Wei Wang","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435-C1-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435-C1-032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80178639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-30DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000581
Rojas-Marín, M. Carvajal-Moreno, González-Villaseñor Mc, García-Hernández Ea, A. González-Mendoza
Cheese has a high nutritional value so it is considered an essential food in the human diet. This review considered 27 countries with 59 different kinds of cheeses highly consumed per person, with France and the USA as the largest consumers with 26 kg and 15 kg per inhabitant per year, respectively. Mexico has a consumption of 2.1 kg per capita in a year. The presence of aflatoxins in cheeses represents a risk for human health because the International Agency for the Research of Cancer (IARC) classified them as Grade I, meaning that they are proven carcinogens to humans. Almost all of the countries reported aflatoxin M1 in cheese, and only Mexico analyzed eight different aflatoxins and hydroxylates in this dairy product. It is also important to analyze the hydroxylate metabolites of aflatoxins because they are also carcinogenic and they increase the amount of ingested carcinogens in cheese samples, allowing us to obtain the real ingested dose.
{"title":"Presence of Aflatoxin Carcinogens in Fresh and Mature Cheeses","authors":"Rojas-Marín, M. Carvajal-Moreno, González-Villaseñor Mc, García-Hernández Ea, A. González-Mendoza","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000581","url":null,"abstract":"Cheese has a high nutritional value so it is considered an essential food in the human diet. This review considered 27 countries with 59 different kinds of cheeses highly consumed per person, with France and the USA as the largest consumers with 26 kg and 15 kg per inhabitant per year, respectively. Mexico has a consumption of 2.1 kg per capita in a year. The presence of aflatoxins in cheeses represents a risk for human health because the International Agency for the Research of Cancer (IARC) classified them as Grade I, meaning that they are proven carcinogens to humans. Almost all of the countries reported aflatoxin M1 in cheese, and only Mexico analyzed eight different aflatoxins and hydroxylates in this dairy product. It is also important to analyze the hydroxylate metabolites of aflatoxins because they are also carcinogenic and they increase the amount of ingested carcinogens in cheese samples, allowing us to obtain the real ingested dose.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90007087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-13DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000577
Khalid Gm, H. Musa, O. Ak, Jatau Ai, S. Ilyasu, G. Ms
Wet and dry granulation methods for tablet manufacturing tend to be problematic for thermolabile and moisture sensitive drugs, and few excipients are available for use in direct compression (DC) due to stringent requirements. This study aimed to evaluate the drug/excipients compatibility, compaction and in vitro dissolution properties of Plectranthus esculentus modified starches in tablets using metronidazole as a model drug by DC. Native starch extracted from P. esculentus was modified by three methods and we produced three modified starches namely; acid hydrolyzed P. esculentus starch (APS), pregelatinized P. esculentus starch (PPS), and ethanol dehydrated pregelatinized P. esculentus starch (PPE). For drug/excipient compatibility studies, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. Powder compaction was evaluated using Heckel model, while in vitro dissolution studies were conducted using USP basket method. The starches were evaluated in comparison with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC PH 101). The FTIR peaks revealed no interaction of these excipients with the drug. Compaction studies indicate that the modifications yielded starches of comparable compact behaviors with MCC PH 101 especially APS and PPE, they both plastically deformed with PPE producing the hardest tablets. APS and PPS disintegrate faster 2.83 and 1.42 min respectively which were significantly different from the disintegration time of MCC PH 101 and PPE which are higher 35.34 and 45.53 min respectively. For the in vitro dissolution, APS and PPS, their T50 and T90 were achieved in less than 10 min, T50 and T90 for PPE were achieved at 38 and 58 min respectively, while for MCC PH 101 both T50 and T90 were not observed after 60 min. APS produced metronidazole tablets of better quality in terms crushing strength, friability and drug-release profile. Acid hydrolysis of P. esculentus starch produced good directly compressible excipient that can be use in DC for immediate release tablet formulations.
{"title":"Comparative FTIR, Compaction and In vitro Dissolution Studies of Plectranthus esculentus Modified Starches in Metronidazole Tablet Formulations by Direct Compression","authors":"Khalid Gm, H. Musa, O. Ak, Jatau Ai, S. Ilyasu, G. Ms","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000577","url":null,"abstract":"Wet and dry granulation methods for tablet manufacturing tend to be problematic for thermolabile and moisture sensitive drugs, and few excipients are available for use in direct compression (DC) due to stringent requirements. This study aimed to evaluate the drug/excipients compatibility, compaction and in vitro dissolution properties of Plectranthus esculentus modified starches in tablets using metronidazole as a model drug by DC. Native starch extracted from P. esculentus was modified by three methods and we produced three modified starches namely; acid hydrolyzed P. esculentus starch (APS), pregelatinized P. esculentus starch (PPS), and ethanol dehydrated pregelatinized P. esculentus starch (PPE). For drug/excipient compatibility studies, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used. Powder compaction was evaluated using Heckel model, while in vitro dissolution studies were conducted using USP basket method. The starches were evaluated in comparison with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC PH 101). The FTIR peaks revealed no interaction of these excipients with the drug. Compaction studies indicate that the modifications yielded starches of comparable compact behaviors with MCC PH 101 especially APS and PPE, they both plastically deformed with PPE producing the hardest tablets. APS and PPS disintegrate faster 2.83 and 1.42 min respectively which were significantly different from the disintegration time of MCC PH 101 and PPE which are higher 35.34 and 45.53 min respectively. For the in vitro dissolution, APS and PPS, their T50 and T90 were achieved in less than 10 min, T50 and T90 for PPE were achieved at 38 and 58 min respectively, while for MCC PH 101 both T50 and T90 were not observed after 60 min. APS produced metronidazole tablets of better quality in terms crushing strength, friability and drug-release profile. Acid hydrolysis of P. esculentus starch produced good directly compressible excipient that can be use in DC for immediate release tablet formulations.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86317105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000586
Bandiola Tmb, Corpuz Mjt
Context: Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) is popularly known to have various pharmacological and traditional uses. Prior to this study, there were no claims reporting its potential use for dengue by increasing platelet and leukocyte levels.Objectives: The effects of the methanolic extract of S. cumini leaves on the platelet and leukocyte levels were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats at doses 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight.Methodology: The bioassay utilized 24 rats that were divided into four groups (n=6) where hydroxyurea was used to induce depletion of platelet and and leukocyte levels in all groups. After induction, oral treatment of methanolic extract was given daily to the treatment groups for six days. The platelet and leukocyte counts were measured before induction to get the baseline, after induction, and at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th day of treatment. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis was also conducted to identify the phenolic compounds present in the extract.Results: Results revealed that the methanolic extract of S. cumini caused an increase of platelet counts at both 400 and 800 mg/kg and an increase in leukocyte counts at 800 mg/kg. HPLC data identified catechin and rutin at concentrations 759.16 ppm and 142.24 ppm, respectively.Conclusion: S. cumini is a potential candidate for further research leading to the development of an herbal therapeutic agent for dengue.
{"title":"Platelet and Leukocyte Increasing Effects of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) Leaves in a Murine Model","authors":"Bandiola Tmb, Corpuz Mjt","doi":"10.4172/2153-2435.1000586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2153-2435.1000586","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae) is popularly known to have various pharmacological and traditional uses. Prior to this study, there were no claims reporting its potential use for dengue by increasing platelet and leukocyte levels.Objectives: The effects of the methanolic extract of S. cumini leaves on the platelet and leukocyte levels were evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats at doses 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight.Methodology: The bioassay utilized 24 rats that were divided into four groups (n=6) where hydroxyurea was used to induce depletion of platelet and and leukocyte levels in all groups. After induction, oral treatment of methanolic extract was given daily to the treatment groups for six days. The platelet and leukocyte counts were measured before induction to get the baseline, after induction, and at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th day of treatment. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis was also conducted to identify the phenolic compounds present in the extract.Results: Results revealed that the methanolic extract of S. cumini caused an increase of platelet counts at both 400 and 800 mg/kg and an increase in leukocyte counts at 800 mg/kg. HPLC data identified catechin and rutin at concentrations 759.16 ppm and 142.24 ppm, respectively.Conclusion: S. cumini is a potential candidate for further research leading to the development of an herbal therapeutic agent for dengue.","PeriodicalId":19833,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceutica Analytica Acta","volume":"60 3 Pt 2 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90920809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000589
A. Latif, K. Hussain, N. Bukhari, H. Shafi, M. Mazhar
A self-fermented probiotic beverage Kanji-prepared from roots of Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang. var. vavilovii Mazk. (Apiaceae)-is widely consumed in many Asian countries due to a number of therapeutic claims. However, this beverage is only available for 2-3 months due to instability and availability of raw material. Therefore, to make this remedy available for longer period, the present study describes accelerated stability and different kinetic parameters of Kanji and ethanol extract of its major ingredient using metabolomics comparison and marker-based HPLC method. The samples were stored at three different conditions of temperature and relative humidity for a period of six months. UV-visible metabolomics fingerprints of both the samples taken at different time intervals compared to assess the stability under stress conditions. The same samples were then analyzed using HPLC method with florescent detection for the determination of ferulic acid contents which were used to determine kinetic parameters and predict shelf life at 25°C. Metabolomics fingerprints comparison showed decrease in peak intensities and appearance of entirely different profiles in samples stored at high temperature and relative humidity. Based on ferulic acid contents, both the products followed zero order degradation. Ethanol extract was found to be having higher shelf life, activation energy and pre-exponential factor than that of the Kanji. The results of the present study indicate that Kanji manufacturers may use UV-visible metabolomics profiles for the assessment of stability and ethanol extract of roots of Daucus carota L. to make this beverage available throughout the year. Page 2 of 8 Citation: Latif A, Hussain K, Bukhari NI, Shafi H, Mazhar M (2018) Metabolomics and Marker Based Accelerated Stability of Kanji and Ethanol Extract of its Main Ingredient, Daucus carota L. Roots. Pharm Anal Acta 9: 589. doi: 10.4172/2153-2435.1000589 Volume 9 • Issue 7 • 1000589 Pharm Anal Acta, an open access journal ISSN: 2153-2435 classified into eight categories which can be used to maintain chemical constancy in products [3]. A marker(s) which is characteristic to plant and has pharmacological activity is better choice to determine kinetic parameters and predict shelf life like modern medicine. The authors of this study isolated two components from black carrot root extract, ferulic acid and 6,4’-dihydroxy 3’-propen chalcone with %age yield of 0.1% and 0.005% respectively. Therefore, ferulic acid was considered as major component for further study. Current study described two approaches-UV/Visible metabolomics fingerprint profiling and HPLC method-for the stability studies of Kanji and ethanol extract of roots of Daucus carota L. Materials and Methods Plant material The roots of the plant-Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang. var. vavilovii Mazk.-also called black carrots were purchased from local vegetable market in the month of March. The material wa
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