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Let the Music Play: Live Music Fosters Collective Effervescence and Leads to Lasting Positive Outcomes. 让音乐响起来现场音乐促进集体活力,带来持久的积极成果。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241288027
Nicole Koefler, Esha Naidu, Shira Gabriel, Veronica Schneider, Gabriela S Pascuzzi, Elaine Paravati

This work examined the power of live music events to enhance wellbeing through collective effervescence (CE)-the sense of sacredness and connection felt when in large groups. Four studies (N = 789) using both university and community samples examined the relationship between live music events and CE and how this relationship contributes to positive, lasting outcomes. Results suggest that CE is highly related to positive outcomes associated with attending live music events. CE uniquely predicted meaning in life and enjoyment during the event above and beyond related constructs. Feeling CE was also related to greater meaning in life during the event and continued happiness a week after live music events. Further, CE mediated effects between various elements of live music events (e.g., parasocial bonds with the artist) and positive lasting outcomes. In summary, CE plays a key role in the lasting wellbeing that follows live music events.

这项研究探讨了现场音乐活动通过集体活力(CE)--在大型团体中感受到的神圣感和联系--来提高幸福感的力量。四项研究(N = 789)同时使用了大学和社区样本,研究了现场音乐活动与 CE 之间的关系,以及这种关系如何有助于产生积极、持久的结果。结果表明,CE 与参加现场音乐活动的积极结果高度相关。在活动期间,CE 对生活意义和享受的独特预测超出了相关建构。感受到 CE 也与活动期间更多的生活意义以及现场音乐活动一周后持续的快乐有关。此外,CE 在现场音乐活动的各种因素(如与艺术家的寄生社会联系)和积极持久的结果之间起到了中介作用。总之,CE 在现场音乐活动后的持久幸福感中起着关键作用。
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引用次数: 0
Praise Is for Actions That Are Neither Expected nor Required. 赞美是对既非期望也非要求的行为的赞美。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241289833
Rajen A Anderson, Shaun Nichols, David A Pizarro

In six studies, we examined two foundational questions about moral praise. First, what makes an action praiseworthy? In Study 1, participants reported that actions that exceed duties (compared with dutiful actions) deserve greater praise and are perceived as less likely to happen. Second, what do observers infer from praise? Praise may communicate information about local norms. In Study 2, we found that-in general-participants expect praise to increase the likelihood of a behavior. However, in Studies 3-6, participants inferred that moral behavior that receives praise is less common and is less required and expected of people. These inferences led individuals to judge that someone would be less likely to perform a behavior that was praised. These studies provide insight into the lay beliefs and communicative function of moral praise.

在六项研究中,我们探讨了有关道德赞美的两个基本问题。首先,什么行为值得称赞?在研究 1 中,参与者报告说,超越职责的行为(与尽职尽责的行为相比)更值得表扬,而且被认为不太可能发生。其次,观察者从表扬中推断出什么?表扬可能会传达有关当地规范的信息。在研究 2 中,我们发现,一般情况下,参与者会认为表扬会增加行为发生的可能性。然而,在研究 3-6 中,参与者推断,受到表扬的道德行为不太常见,对人们的要求和期望也较低。这些推论导致人们判断,某人做出受到表扬的行为的可能性会降低。这些研究提供了对道德表扬的非专业信念和传播功能的深入了解。
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引用次数: 0
Essentializing Happiness Mitigates the Changes in Subjective Well-Being Following Negative Life Events. 幸福的本质化减轻了消极生活事件后主观幸福感的变化。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241279657
Xyle Ku, Seung Eun Cha, Youngju Kim, Young Joo Jun, Incheol Choi

People hold different beliefs about the changeability of happiness. Some believe that happiness is biologically predetermined and thus unchangeable (essentialist beliefs), while others believe that it is malleable and can be changed (non-essentialist beliefs). Do these beliefs have a tangible impact on how individuals actually experience well-being? Here, we predict and empirically demonstrate that endorsing essentialist beliefs about happiness (EBH) can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy that buffers the changes in subjective well-being (SWB) following life events. Through a series of four studies utilizing diverse methodologies (total N = 7,364), we provide converging evidence that happiness essentialists, compared to non-essentialists, experience relatively stable levels of SWB following life events, particularly negative ones. We find that this pattern also emerges when people recall past events or anticipate hypothetical or impending future events. Together, happiness essentialism extends beyond mere belief and has real-world implications for how individuals experience fluctuations in SWB.

人们对幸福的可改变性持有不同的信念。有些人认为幸福是由生物决定的,因此是不可改变的(本质主义信念),而另一些人则认为幸福是可塑的,是可以改变的(非本质主义信念)。这些信念是否会对个人如何实际体验幸福产生具体影响?在此,我们预测并通过实证证明,认可关于幸福的本质主义信念(EBH)会导致自我实现的预言,从而缓冲生活事件后主观幸福感(SWB)的变化。通过四项采用不同方法的系列研究(总人数 = 7364 人),我们提供了趋同的证据,证明幸福本质论者与非本质论者相比,在生活事件(尤其是负面事件)发生后,主观幸福感(SWB)水平相对稳定。我们发现,当人们回忆过去的事件或预测假设的或即将发生的未来事件时,这种模式也会出现。总之,幸福本质论超越了单纯的信仰,对个人如何经历 SWB 波动具有现实世界的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Catalysts for Change: The Impact of Reflective Conversations on Leaders' Hope and Change-Oriented Behaviors. 变革的催化剂:反思性对话对领导者希望和变革导向行为的影响》(The Impact of Reflective Conversations on Leaders' Hope and Change-Oriented Behaviors)。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241280554
Hun Whee Lee, Sooyeol Kim

How can leaders effectively navigate challenges and drive positive change in the workplace? This research introduces reflective conversations as a powerful catalyst for leaders' change-oriented initiatives. Integrating transformative learning theory and hope theory, we suggest that reflective conversations improve leaders' sense of hope and subsequently facilitate their transformational leadership and creative behaviors. We further introduce hardships (Study 1) and relationship quality (Studies 2 and 3) as key boundary conditions. We conducted a content validation study to validate our measure of reflection conversation and further conducted two experience sampling studies and one online experiment to test the transformational power of daily reflective conversations. The results reveal that when leaders experience hardships or have high-quality relationships with others, reflective conversations can be a powerful force in terms of fueling their sense of hope and inspiring them to exercise transformational leadership and creative behaviors.

领导者如何才能有效地应对挑战并推动工作场所的积极变革?本研究将反思性对话作为领导者变革导向举措的强大催化剂。结合变革学习理论和希望理论,我们认为反思性对话能提高领导者的希望感,进而促进他们的变革领导力和创造性行为。我们进一步引入了困难(研究 1)和关系质量(研究 2 和 3)作为关键的边界条件。我们进行了一项内容验证研究,以验证我们对反思对话的衡量标准,并进一步进行了两项经验取样研究和一项在线实验,以检验日常反思对话的变革力量。研究结果表明,当领导者遇到困难或与他人建立了高质量的关系时,反思性对话可以成为一股强大的力量,激发他们的希望感,并激励他们发挥变革型领导力和创造性行为。
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引用次数: 0
A Brief Pro-Diversity Social Marketing Intervention Improves Grades and Well-Being of Students From Marginalized Groups. 简短的支持多元化社会营销干预提高了边缘群体学生的成绩和幸福感。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241279082
Mitchell R Campbell, Kevin R Kennedy, Andrea L Miller, Markus Brauer

Despite much research on improving intergroup relations, the evidence for long-term effects in real-world settings is mixed. We used the social marketing approach to create an "Inclusivity Page" that could be added to course syllabi. The page contained three targeted pro-diversity messages based on social norms, personal benefits, and concrete behavioral recommendations. We tested our intervention in a large randomized controlled trial in university classrooms (Nstudents = 1,799). We obtained students' course grades and overall college GPAs several years later. A subset of students also completed an outcome survey three months after the intervention. Students from underrepresented racial groups exposed to the intervention early in college had better course grades and GPAs. We also observed an enhanced sense of belonging and better emotional and physical health among students from all marginalized groups. Our research demonstrates the utility of employing a targeted approach to improve experiences of members of marginalized groups.

尽管有关改善群体间关系的研究很多,但在现实世界中产生长期影响的证据却参差不齐。我们利用社会营销方法创建了一个 "包容性页面",可以添加到课程大纲中。该页面包含基于社会规范、个人利益和具体行为建议的三条有针对性的支持多元化信息。我们在大学课堂上开展了一项大型随机对照试验,对我们的干预措施进行了测试(学生人数 = 1,799)。几年后,我们获得了学生的课程成绩和大学总平均学分绩点。一部分学生还在干预三个月后完成了一项结果调查。在大学早期接受干预的少数种族群体学生的课程成绩和平均学分绩点均有所提高。我们还观察到,所有边缘化群体的学生都增强了归属感,情绪和身体健康状况良好。我们的研究表明,采用有针对性的方法来改善边缘化群体成员的经历是非常有用的。
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引用次数: 0
Shifts in Residential Mobility Predict Shifts in Culture. 居住流动性的变化预示着文化的变化。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-06 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241280998
Nicholas Buttrick, Youngjae Cha, Shigehiro Oishi

Does residential mobility change cultures, or is it merely a downstream indicator for other forces? Using large-scale surveys of citizens of 18 industrialized nations, we find that increased rates of residential mobility predict living in a more dynamic society at least 10 years in the future: one in which residents are more satisfied with their lives, have greater optimism, endorse more individualistic concepts, are more open to new ideas, have a greater sense of freedom of action, feel able to make friends more easily, express a more cosmopolitan identity, believe that their society rewards merit, and hold their community to a higher standard for treatment of minorities. These findings are echoed in the experience of Americans who have themselves recently moved, where we find that having successfully moved predicts a future sense of personal thriving, optimism, and a belief that merit is rewarded.

居住流动性是否会改变文化,或者它只是其他力量的下游指标?通过对 18 个工业化国家的公民进行大规模调查,我们发现,居住流动率的提高预示着未来至少 10 年后将生活在一个更有活力的社会中:在这样的社会中,居民对自己的生活更满意、更乐观、更赞同个人主义观念、更乐于接受新思想、有更强的行动自由感、觉得更容易交到朋友、表达出更国际化的身份认同、相信他们的社会会奖励优秀的人,并以更高的标准来对待他们的社区中的少数群体。这些发现与最近搬家的美国人的经历不谋而合,我们发现,成功搬家预示着未来个人的兴旺发达感、乐观主义以及功绩会得到奖励的信念。
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引用次数: 0
Half Empty and Half Full? Biased Perceptions of Compassionate Love and Effects of Dyadic Complementarity. 半空和半满? 对怜悯之爱的偏差认知和双向互补性的影响。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231171986
James J Kim, Harry T Reis, Michael R Maniaci, Samantha Joel

The prevailing theory on relationship judgments for interaction attributes suggests individuals tend to underestimate a romantic partner's expressions of compassionate love and that such underestimation is beneficial for the relationship. Yet, limited research has incorporated dyadic perspectives to assess how biased perceptions are associated with both partners' outcomes. In two daily studies of couples, we used distinct analytical approaches (Truth and Bias Model; Dyadic Response Surface Analysis) to inform perspectives on how biased perceptions are interrelated and predict relationship satisfaction. Consistent with prior research, people demonstrated an underestimation bias. However, there were differential effects of biased perceptions for actors versus partners: Underestimation predicted lower actor satisfaction but generally higher satisfaction for partners. Furthermore, we find evidence for complementarity effects: partners' directional biases were inversely related, and couples were more satisfied when partners had opposing patterns of directional bias. Findings help integrate theoretical perspectives on the adaptive role of biased relationship perceptions.

关于互动属性的关系判断的主流理论认为,个人倾向于低估恋爱伴侣所表达的同情之爱,而这种低估对双方的关系是有益的。然而,从夫妻双方的角度来评估偏差认知如何与伴侣双方的结果相关联的研究却很有限。在两项针对情侣的日常研究中,我们使用了不同的分析方法(真相与偏见模型;双向响应面分析),以了解偏见认知如何相互关联并预测关系满意度。与之前的研究一致,人们表现出低估偏差。然而,偏差认知对行为者和伴侣的影响是不同的:低估会降低行为者的满意度,但通常会提高伴侣的满意度。此外,我们还发现了互补效应的证据:伴侣的方向性偏差成反比,当伴侣的方向性偏差模式相反时,夫妻双方的满意度更高。研究结果有助于整合关于偏向性关系认知的适应性作用的理论观点。
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引用次数: 0
When Interdependence Backfires: The Coronavirus Infected Three Times More People in Rice-Farming Areas During Chinese New Year. 当相互依存适得其反时:春节期间,水稻种植区感染冠状病毒的人数增加了三倍。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-19 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231174070
Xindong Wei, Thomas Talhelm, Kaili Zhang, Fengyan Wang

Interdependent cultures around the world have generally controlled COVID-19 better. We tested this pattern in China based on the rice theory, which argues that historically rice-farming regions of China are more interdependent than wheat-farming areas. Unlike earlier findings, rice-farming areas suffered more COVID-19 cases in the early days of the outbreak. We suspected this happened because the outbreak fell on Chinese New Year, and people in rice areas felt more pressure to visit family and friends. We found historical evidence that people in rice areas visit more family and friends for Chinese New Year than people in wheat areas. In 2020, rice areas also saw more New Year travel. Regional differences in social visits were correlated with COVID-19 spread. These results reveal an exception to the general idea that interdependent culture helps cultures contain COVID-19. When relational duties conflict with public health, interdependence can lead to more spread of disease.

世界上相互依存的文化通常能更好地控制 COVID-19。水稻理论认为,中国历史上的水稻种植区比小麦种植区更加相互依存。与之前的研究结果不同,水稻种植区在疫情爆发初期出现了更多的 COVID-19 病例。我们怀疑这是因为疫情爆发时正值春节,稻米产区的人们感到了更大的探亲访友压力。我们发现历史证据表明,水稻种植区的人们在春节期间比小麦种植区的人们走亲访友更多。2020 年,水稻种植区的人们也有更多的新年旅行。社交活动的地区差异与 COVID-19 的传播相关。这些结果揭示了相互依存的文化有助于文化遏制 COVID-19 这一普遍观点的例外情况。当关系责任与公共卫生发生冲突时,相互依存会导致更多的疾病传播。
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引用次数: 0
Does Mindfulness Improve Intergroup Bias, Internalized Bias, and Anti-Bias Outcomes?: A Meta-Analysis of the Evidence and Agenda for Future Research. 正念能否改善群体间偏见、内化偏见和反偏见结果?证据元分析与未来研究议程》。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231178518
Doris F Chang, James Donald, Jennifer Whitney, Iris Yi Miao, Baljinder Sahdra

Whereas mindfulness has been shown to enhance personal well-being, studies suggest it may also benefit intergroup dynamics. Using an integrative conceptual model, this meta-analysis examined associations between mindfulness and (a) different manifestations of bias (implicit/explicit attitudes, affect, behavior) directed toward (b) different bias targets (outgroup or ingroup, e.g., internalized bias), by (c) intergroup orientation (toward bias or anti-bias). Of 70 samples, 42 (N = 3,229) assessed mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and 30 (N = 6,002) were correlational studies. Results showed a medium-sized negative effect of MBIs on bias outcomes, g = -0.56, 95% confidence interval [-0.72, -0.40]; I(2;3)2: 0.39; 0.48, and a small-to-medium negative effect between mindfulness and bias for correlational studies, r = -0.17 [-0.27, -0.03]; I(2;3)2: 0.11; 0.83. Effects were comparable for intergroup bias and internalized bias. We conclude by identifying gaps in the evidence base to guide future research.

正念已被证明可以提高个人幸福感,而研究表明,正念也可能有益于群体间的动态关系。这项荟萃分析使用了一个综合概念模型,研究了正念与(a)针对(b)不同偏见目标(外群体或内群体,如内化偏见)的不同偏见表现(内隐/外显态度、情感、行为)之间的关联,以及(c)群体间取向(倾向偏见或反偏见)之间的关联。在 70 个样本中,42 个(样本数 = 3,229 个)评估了正念干预(MBI),30 个(样本数 = 6,002 个)是相关研究。结果显示,正念干预对偏见结果有中等程度的负面影响,g = -0.56,95% 置信区间 [-0.72, -0.40];I(2;3)2:0.39; 0.48,而相关研究中正念与偏见之间有中等至小程度的负面影响,r = -0.17 [-0.27, -0.03];I(2;3)2:0.11; 0.83。对于群体间偏见和内化偏见的影响具有可比性。最后,我们指出了证据基础中的不足,以指导未来的研究。
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引用次数: 0
A Race-Based Size Bias for Black Adolescent Boys: Size, Innocence, and Threat. 黑人青少年男孩基于种族的体型偏差:体型、天真和威胁。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231167978
Erin Freiburger, Mattea Sim, Amy G Halberstadt, Kurt Hugenberg

We adopted an intersectional stereotyping lens to investigate whether race-based size bias-the tendency to judge Black men as larger than White men-extends to adolescents. Participants judged Black boys as taller than White boys, despite no real size differences (Studies 1A and 1B), and even when boys were matched in age (Study 1B). The size bias persisted when participants viewed computer-generated faces that varied only in apparent race (Study 2A) and extended to perceptions of physical strength, with Black boys judged as stronger than White boys (Study 2B). The size bias was associated with threat-related perceptions, including beliefs that Black boys were less innocent than White boys (Study 3). Finally, the size bias was moderated by a valid threat signal (i.e., anger expressions, Studies 4A and 4B). Thus, adult-like threat stereotypes are perpetrated upon Black boys, leading them to be erroneously perceived as more physically formidable than White boys.

我们采用交叉刻板印象的视角来研究基于种族的体型偏见--即认为黑人男性比白人男性高大的倾向--是否会延伸到青少年身上。尽管没有实际的体型差异(研究 1A 和 1B),甚至在男孩年龄匹配的情况下(研究 1B),受试者仍认为黑人男孩比白人男孩高。当被试者观看电脑生成的只有明显种族差异的面孔时,体型偏差仍然存在(研究 2A),并且延伸到对体力的感知上,黑人男孩被认为比白人男孩强壮(研究 2B)。体型偏差与威胁相关的认知有关,包括认为黑人男孩不如白人男孩天真(研究 3)。最后,体型偏差受到有效威胁信号(即愤怒表情,研究 4A 和 4B)的调节。因此,类似成人的威胁刻板印象施加在黑人男孩身上,导致他们被错误地认为比白人男孩身体更强壮。
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引用次数: 0
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Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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