首页 > 最新文献

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin最新文献

英文 中文
The Effects of the 2020 BLM Protests on Racial Bias in the United States. 2020 年 BLM 抗议活动对美国种族偏见的影响》。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241269841
Maximilian A Primbs, Rob W Holland, Freek Oude Maatman, Tessa A M Lansu, Ruddy Faure, Gijsbert Bijlstra

The 2020 Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests in response to the murder of George Floyd highlighted the lingering structural inequalities faced by Black people in the United States. In the present research, we investigated whether these protests led to reduced implicit and explicit racial bias among White U.S. Americans. Combining data from Project Implicit, Armed Conflict Location Event Data Project (ACLED), Google Trends, and the American Community survey, we observed rapid drops in implicit and explicit measures of racial bias after the onset of the protests. However, both types of racial bias slowly increased again over time as (attention to) BLM faded. We use directed acyclic graphs to show under which assumptions causal inferences are warranted. We discuss our results in light of situational models of bias, their implications for protest movements, and raise questions about when and how social norms play a role in large-scale attitude change.

2020 年针对乔治-弗洛伊德(George Floyd)谋杀案举行的 "黑人生命重要"(Black Lives Matter,BLM)抗议活动凸显了美国黑人所面临的挥之不去的结构性不平等。在本研究中,我们调查了这些抗议活动是否导致美国白人的内隐和外显种族偏见减少。结合 "隐性项目"(Project Implicit)、"武装冲突地点事件数据项目"(ACLED)、"谷歌趋势"(Google Trends)和 "美国社区调查"(American Community survey)的数据,我们观察到在抗议活动开始后,种族偏见的隐性和显性测量值迅速下降。然而,随着时间的推移,随着(对)BLM 关注度的降低,这两种类型的种族偏见又慢慢增加了。我们使用有向无环图来说明在哪些假设条件下可以进行因果推论。我们根据偏见的情境模型讨论了我们的结果及其对抗议运动的影响,并提出了关于社会规范何时以及如何在大规模态度转变中发挥作用的问题。
{"title":"The Effects of the 2020 BLM Protests on Racial Bias in the United States.","authors":"Maximilian A Primbs, Rob W Holland, Freek Oude Maatman, Tessa A M Lansu, Ruddy Faure, Gijsbert Bijlstra","doi":"10.1177/01461672241269841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241269841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2020 Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests in response to the murder of George Floyd highlighted the lingering structural inequalities faced by Black people in the United States. In the present research, we investigated whether these protests led to reduced implicit and explicit racial bias among White U.S. Americans. Combining data from Project Implicit, Armed Conflict Location Event Data Project (ACLED), Google Trends, and the American Community survey, we observed rapid drops in implicit and explicit measures of racial bias after the onset of the protests. However, both types of racial bias slowly increased again over time as (attention to) BLM faded. We use directed acyclic graphs to show under which assumptions causal inferences are warranted. We discuss our results in light of situational models of bias, their implications for protest movements, and raise questions about when and how social norms play a role in large-scale attitude change.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multimodal Cues to Change Your Mind: The Intertwining of Faces, Voices, and Behaviors in Impression Updating. 改变想法的多模态线索:印象更新中面孔、声音和行为的交织。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241273209
Matteo Masi, Simone Mattavelli, Fabio Fasoli, Marco Brambilla

Impressions of others are formed from multiple cues, including facial features, vocal tone, and behavioral descriptions, and may be subject to multimodal updating. Four experiments (N = 803) examined the influence of a target's face or voice on impression updating. Experiments 1a-1b examined whether behavior-based impressions are susceptible to updating by incongruent information conveyed by the target's face, voice, or behavior (within-participant manipulation). Both faces and voices updated impressions with comparable strength, but less than behaviors. Experiment 2, contrasting faces and voices only (between-participants manipulation), showed that voices outperformed faces regardless of how impressions were formed (i.e., via behavioral vs. nonbehavioral information). Experiment 3 found no difference when comparing faces and voices in a within-participant design and controlling for stimulus attractiveness. Our work highlights the importance of multimodal cues for impression updating and shows that the relative power of faces and voices depends on contextual factors.

对他人的印象是通过面部特征、声调和行为描述等多种线索形成的,并可能受到多模态更新的影响。四项实验(N = 803)考察了目标人物的面部或声音对印象更新的影响。实验 1a-1b 考察了基于行为的印象是否容易被目标人物的面孔、声音或行为(参与者内操纵)所传达的不一致信息所更新。面孔和声音对印象的更新强度相当,但低于行为。实验 2 仅对比了面孔和声音(参与者间操作),结果显示,无论印象是如何形成的(即通过行为信息还是通过非行为信息),声音的表现都优于面孔。实验 3 在参与者内部设计中比较了面孔和声音,并控制了刺激物的吸引力,结果发现两者没有差异。我们的研究强调了多模态线索对印象更新的重要性,并表明面孔和声音的相对作用取决于情境因素。
{"title":"Multimodal Cues to Change Your Mind: The Intertwining of Faces, Voices, and Behaviors in Impression Updating.","authors":"Matteo Masi, Simone Mattavelli, Fabio Fasoli, Marco Brambilla","doi":"10.1177/01461672241273209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241273209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Impressions of others are formed from multiple cues, including facial features, vocal tone, and behavioral descriptions, and may be subject to multimodal updating. Four experiments (<i>N</i> = 803) examined the influence of a target's face or voice on impression updating. Experiments 1a-1b examined whether behavior-based impressions are susceptible to updating by incongruent information conveyed by the target's face, voice, or behavior (within-participant manipulation). Both faces and voices updated impressions with comparable strength, but less than behaviors. Experiment 2, contrasting faces and voices only (between-participants manipulation), showed that voices outperformed faces regardless of how impressions were formed (i.e., via behavioral vs. nonbehavioral information). Experiment 3 found no difference when comparing faces and voices in a within-participant design and controlling for stimulus attractiveness. Our work highlights the importance of multimodal cues for impression updating and shows that the relative power of faces and voices depends on contextual factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Invariance Violations and the CNI Model of Moral Judgments. 违反不变性与道德判断的 CNI 模型。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231164888
Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Karl Christoph Klauer

A number of papers have applied the CNI model of moral judgments to investigate deontological and consequentialist response tendencies. A controversy has emerged concerning the methodological assumptions of the CNI model. In this article, we contribute to this debate by extending the CNI paradigm with a skip option. This allows us to test an invariance assumption that the CNI model shares with prominent process-dissociation models in cognitive and social psychology. Like for these models, the present experiments found violations of the invariance assumption for the CNI model. In Experiment 2, we replicate these results and selectively influence the new parameter for the skip option. In addition, structural equation modeling reveals that previous findings for the relationship between gender and the CNI parameters are completely mediated by the association of gender with primary psychopathy.

许多论文都运用了道德判断的 CNI 模型来研究义务论和结果论的反应倾向。关于 CNI 模型的方法假设出现了争议。在本文中,我们通过跳过选项来扩展 CNI 范式,从而为这一争论做出贡献。这使我们能够检验 CNI 模型与认知心理学和社会心理学中著名的过程分离模型所共有的不变性假设。与这些模型一样,本实验发现 CNI 模型也违反了不变性假设。在实验 2 中,我们复制了这些结果,并选择性地影响了跳过选项的新参数。此外,结构方程模型显示,之前关于性别与 CNI 参数之间关系的发现完全是由性别与原发性心理变态之间的关联所中介的。
{"title":"Invariance Violations and the CNI Model of Moral Judgments.","authors":"Niels Skovgaard-Olsen, Karl Christoph Klauer","doi":"10.1177/01461672231164888","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231164888","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of papers have applied the CNI model of moral judgments to investigate deontological and consequentialist response tendencies. A controversy has emerged concerning the methodological assumptions of the CNI model. In this article, we contribute to this debate by extending the CNI paradigm with a skip option. This allows us to test an invariance assumption that the CNI model shares with prominent process-dissociation models in cognitive and social psychology. Like for these models, the present experiments found violations of the invariance assumption for the CNI model. In Experiment 2, we replicate these results and selectively influence the new parameter for the skip option. In addition, structural equation modeling reveals that previous findings for the relationship between gender and the CNI parameters are completely mediated by the association of gender with primary psychopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9772812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Socioeconomic Status and Meta-Perceptions: How Markers of Culture and Rank Predict Beliefs About How Others See Us. 社会经济地位与元感知:文化和等级标志如何预测关于他人如何看待我们的信念。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231171435
Holly R Engstrom, Kristin Laurin, Nick R Kay, Lauren J Human

How does a person's socioeconomic status (SES) relate to how she thinks others see her? Seventeen studies (eight pre-registered; three reported in-text and 14 replications in supplemental online material [SOM], total N = 6,124) found that people with low SES believe others see them as colder and less competent than those with high SES. The SES difference in meta-perceptions was explained by people's self-regard and self-presentation expectations. Moreover, lower SES people's more negative meta-perceptions were not warranted: Those with lower SES were not seen more negatively, and were less accurate in guessing how others saw them. They also had important consequences: People with lower SES blamed themselves more for negative feedback about their warmth and competence. Internal meta-analyses suggested this effect was larger and more consistent for current socioeconomic rank than cultural background.

一个人的社会经济地位(SES)与她认为别人如何看待她有什么关系?17项研究(8项预先注册;3项在文中报告,14项在补充在线材料[SOM]中重复,总人数=6,124)发现,与社会经济地位高的人相比,社会经济地位低的人认为别人眼中的自己更冷漠、更无能。人们在元感知方面的社会经济地位差异是由他们的自我评价和自我展示期望来解释的。此外,社会经济地位较低的人更消极的元认知是没有道理的:那些社会经济地位较低的人并没有受到更多的负面评价,他们在猜测他人如何看待自己时也不那么准确。这也产生了重要的后果:社会经济地位较低的人更多地因为别人对他们的热情和能力的负面评价而自责。内部荟萃分析表明,与文化背景相比,这种效应对当前社会经济地位的影响更大、更一致。
{"title":"Socioeconomic Status and Meta-Perceptions: How Markers of Culture and Rank Predict Beliefs About How Others See Us.","authors":"Holly R Engstrom, Kristin Laurin, Nick R Kay, Lauren J Human","doi":"10.1177/01461672231171435","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231171435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How does a person's socioeconomic status (SES) relate to how she thinks others see her? Seventeen studies (eight pre-registered; three reported in-text and 14 replications in supplemental online material [SOM], total <i>N</i> = 6,124) found that people with low SES believe others see them as colder and less competent than those with high SES. The SES difference in meta-perceptions was explained by people's self-regard and self-presentation expectations. Moreover, lower SES people's more negative meta-perceptions were not warranted: Those with lower SES were not seen more negatively, and were less accurate in guessing how others saw them. They also had important consequences: People with lower SES blamed themselves more for negative feedback about their warmth and competence. Internal meta-analyses suggested this effect was larger and more consistent for current socioeconomic rank than cultural background.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9500810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
To Protect or to Kill? Environmental Contingent Self-Worth Moderates Death Prime Effects on Animal-Based Attitudes. 保护还是杀戮?环境条件下的自我价值调节死亡对动物态度的主要影响。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231160652
Samuel Fairlamb, Andrada-Elena Stan, Katinka Lovas

Lifshin et al. found that death primes increased support for killing animals, suggesting that the killing of animals serves a terror management function. The present research adds to this by suggesting that protecting animals can also serve a terror management function when people see such behaviors as culturally valuable. In three studies (N = 765), environmental contingent self-worth (ECSW) moderated the effect of death primes on attitudes toward animals. Attitudes toward animals also mediated the effect of a death prime on increased power-based invulnerability for those with low ECSW and decreased power-based invulnerability for those with high ECSW (Study 3). Finally, we found little support that death primes influenced beliefs regarding human-animal superiority (Study 1 and 2) or similarity (Study 2). Our findings therefore provide partial support for past terror management research and further the understanding regarding how to promote more benevolent human-animal relations.

Lifshin等人发现,死亡引发了对杀害动物的支持,这表明杀害动物具有恐怖管理功能。目前的研究进一步表明,当人们认为保护动物的行为具有文化价值时,保护动物也可以起到恐怖管理的作用。在三项研究中(N=765),环境条件自我价值观(ECSW)调节了死亡前期对动物态度的影响。对动物的态度也介导了死亡素对低ECSW人群基于力量的刀枪不入性增加和高ECSW人群以力量为基础的刀枪不入性降低的影响(研究3)。最后,我们几乎没有发现死亡素数影响关于人类动物优越性(研究1和2)或相似性(研究2)的信念的支持。因此,我们的发现为过去的恐怖管理研究提供了部分支持,并进一步理解了如何促进更仁慈的人与动物关系。
{"title":"To Protect or to Kill? Environmental Contingent Self-Worth Moderates Death Prime Effects on Animal-Based Attitudes.","authors":"Samuel Fairlamb, Andrada-Elena Stan, Katinka Lovas","doi":"10.1177/01461672231160652","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231160652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lifshin et al. found that death primes increased support for killing animals, suggesting that the killing of animals serves a terror management function. The present research adds to this by suggesting that protecting animals can also serve a terror management function when people see such behaviors as culturally valuable. In three studies (<i>N</i> = 765), environmental contingent self-worth (ECSW) moderated the effect of death primes on attitudes toward animals. Attitudes toward animals also mediated the effect of a death prime on increased power-based invulnerability for those with low ECSW and decreased power-based invulnerability for those with high ECSW (Study 3). Finally, we found little support that death primes influenced beliefs regarding human-animal superiority (Study 1 and 2) or similarity (Study 2). Our findings therefore provide partial support for past terror management research and further the understanding regarding how to promote more benevolent human-animal relations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9525402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Psychopathic Traits and Utilitarian Moral Judgment Revisited. 精神变态特质与功利主义道德判断的再审视。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-11 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231169105
Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Zuzanna Farny

To provide deeper insights into the relationships between psychopathic traits and utilitarian moral judgment, we studied N = 702 adults using three psychopathy scales: (a) the Levenson's Self-report Psychopathy Scale; (b) the Psychopathic Personality Inventory; and (c) the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure; and three measures of utilitarian moral judgment: (a) trolley dilemmas; (b) the Consequences, Norms, and Inaction (CNI) model of moral decision-making; and (c) the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale. When using the traditional approach to moral judgment (i.e., trolley dilemmas, instrumental harm, traditional score from the CNI model), we found that higher levels of psychopathic traits were associated with a higher utilitarian tendency. When using the modeling approach, we found that a higher level of psychopathic traits was related to weaker sensitivity to moral norms and less action averse in morally problematic situations. In addition, we found negative associations between impartial beneficence and all psychopathy scores.

为了更深入地了解精神变态特质与功利性道德判断之间的关系,我们使用三种精神变态量表:(a)莱文森自我报告精神变态量表;(b)精神变态人格量表;(c)三元精神变态测量法;以及三种功利性道德判断测量法:(a)电车困境;(b)道德决策的后果、规范和不作为(CNI)模型;以及(c)牛津功利主义量表,对 N = 702 名成年人进行了研究。当使用传统的道德判断方法(即电车困境、工具性伤害、CNI 模型的传统得分)时,我们发现较高的精神变态特质与较高的功利主义倾向相关。在使用建模方法时,我们发现较高水平的精神变态特质与较弱的道德规范敏感性和在道德问题情境中较少的行动厌恶有关。此外,我们还发现公正施惠与所有心理变态得分之间存在负相关。
{"title":"Psychopathic Traits and Utilitarian Moral Judgment Revisited.","authors":"Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Zuzanna Farny","doi":"10.1177/01461672231169105","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231169105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To provide deeper insights into the relationships between psychopathic traits and utilitarian moral judgment, we studied <i>N</i> = 702 adults using three psychopathy scales: (a) the Levenson's Self-report Psychopathy Scale; (b) the Psychopathic Personality Inventory; and (c) the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure; and three measures of utilitarian moral judgment: (a) trolley dilemmas; (b) the Consequences, Norms, and Inaction (CNI) model of moral decision-making; and (c) the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale. When using the traditional approach to moral judgment (i.e., trolley dilemmas, instrumental harm, traditional score from the CNI model), we found that higher levels of psychopathic traits were associated with a higher utilitarian tendency. When using the modeling approach, we found that a higher level of psychopathic traits was related to weaker sensitivity to moral norms and less action averse in morally problematic situations. In addition, we found negative associations between impartial beneficence and all psychopathy scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9443091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Successful Goal Attainment: Longitudinal Effects of Goal Commitment and Implicit Motives Among German and Zambian Adolescents. 成功的目标达成:德国和赞比亚青少年目标承诺和内隐动机的纵向效应。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231181938
Jan Hofer, Ellen Kerpen, Holger Busch, Meike Lehmann, Anitha Menon

Goal commitment typically relates to successful goal realization. Yet, individuals differ in how much their goals correspond to their implicit motives. We hypothesized that for those adolescents high in a given implicit motive, goal commitment and goal success in the corresponding motive domain (i.e., achievement, affiliation, power) are more closely related than for those low in the implicit motive. Data were assessed in an individualistic (Germany) and a collectivistic cultural context (Zambia) on two measurement occasions (i.e., T1: Picture Story Exercise for implicit motives; T1 and T2: GOALS questionnaire for goal commitment and success, respectively). Goal success at T2 was reliably predicted by goal importance and goal success at T1, respectively. The hypothesized interaction was found only for the implicit power motive but not for the implicit needs of achievement and affiliation, respectively. Results were equivalent across adolescents' cultural backgrounds. Findings are discussed with respect to motive-specific effects on goal dimensions.

目标承诺通常与成功实现目标有关。然而,每个人的目标在多大程度上与他们隐含的动机相对应是不同的。我们假设,对于那些内隐动机较高的青少年,在相应的动机领域(即成就、隶属关系、权力)中的目标承诺和目标成功比内隐动机较低的青少年更密切相关。数据是在个人主义(德国)和集体主义文化背景下(赞比亚)在两个测量场合进行评估的(即,T1:隐性动机的图片故事练习;T1和T2:分别针对目标承诺和成功的目标问卷)。T2的目标成功率分别通过T1的目标重要性和目标成功率可靠地预测。假设的互动只针对内隐的权力动机,而不针对成就和从属关系的内隐需求。结果在不同的青少年文化背景下是相同的。研究结果与动机对目标维度的具体影响有关。
{"title":"Successful Goal Attainment: Longitudinal Effects of Goal Commitment and Implicit Motives Among German and Zambian Adolescents.","authors":"Jan Hofer, Ellen Kerpen, Holger Busch, Meike Lehmann, Anitha Menon","doi":"10.1177/01461672231181938","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231181938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Goal commitment typically relates to successful goal realization. Yet, individuals differ in how much their goals correspond to their implicit motives. We hypothesized that for those adolescents high in a given implicit motive, goal commitment and goal success in the corresponding motive domain (i.e., achievement, affiliation, power) are more closely related than for those low in the implicit motive. Data were assessed in an individualistic (Germany) and a collectivistic cultural context (Zambia) on two measurement occasions (i.e., T1: Picture Story Exercise for implicit motives; T1 and T2: GOALS questionnaire for goal commitment and success, respectively). Goal success at T2 was reliably predicted by goal importance and goal success at T1, respectively. The hypothesized interaction was found only for the implicit power motive but not for the implicit needs of achievement and affiliation, respectively. Results were equivalent across adolescents' cultural backgrounds. Findings are discussed with respect to motive-specific effects on goal dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10051309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Much Is It Weighing on You? Development and Validation of the Secrecy Burden Scale. 你的负担有多重?保密负担量表的开发与验证。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231172387
Alisa Bedrov, Shelly L Gable

Keeping a secret is often considered burdensome, with numerous consequences for well-being. However, there is no standardized measure of secrecy burden, and most studies focus on individual/cognitive burden without considering social/relational aspects. This research aimed to develop and validate a secrecy burden measure tapping both intrapersonal and interpersonal components. Study 1 used exploratory factor analysis to reveal a four-factor model of secrecy burden: Daily Personal Impact, Relationship Impact, Pull to Reveal, and Anticipated Consequences. Study 2 used confirmatory factor analysis to replicate this factor structure and found that each factor was uniquely associated with different emotional and well-being outcomes. Study 3 employed a longitudinal design and found that higher scores on each factor predicted lower authenticity and higher depression and anxiety 2 to 3 weeks later. Altogether, this research is the first step in standardizing a secrecy burden measure and applying it to real-world secrets and well-being outcomes.

保守秘密通常被认为是一种负担,会对幸福感造成诸多影响。然而,目前还没有保密负担的标准化测量方法,而且大多数研究只关注个人/认知负担,而没有考虑社会/关系方面。本研究旨在开发并验证一种保密负担测量方法,其中包含个人和人际两方面的内容。研究 1 采用探索性因子分析揭示了保密负担的四因子模型:日常个人影响、人际关系影响、揭露动机和预期后果。研究 2 采用确认性因子分析复制了这一因子结构,并发现每个因子都与不同的情感和幸福结果有着独特的关联。研究 3 采用了纵向设计,发现每个因子得分越高,预示着 2 到 3 周后真实性越低,抑郁和焦虑程度越高。总之,这项研究是标准化秘密负担测量方法并将其应用于真实世界的秘密和幸福结果的第一步。
{"title":"How Much Is It Weighing on You? Development and Validation of the Secrecy Burden Scale.","authors":"Alisa Bedrov, Shelly L Gable","doi":"10.1177/01461672231172387","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01461672231172387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Keeping a secret is often considered burdensome, with numerous consequences for well-being. However, there is no standardized measure of secrecy burden, and most studies focus on individual/cognitive burden without considering social/relational aspects. This research aimed to develop and validate a secrecy burden measure tapping both intrapersonal and interpersonal components. Study 1 used exploratory factor analysis to reveal a four-factor model of secrecy burden: Daily Personal Impact, Relationship Impact, Pull to Reveal, and Anticipated Consequences. Study 2 used confirmatory factor analysis to replicate this factor structure and found that each factor was uniquely associated with different emotional and well-being outcomes. Study 3 employed a longitudinal design and found that higher scores on each factor predicted lower authenticity and higher depression and anxiety 2 to 3 weeks later. Altogether, this research is the first step in standardizing a secrecy burden measure and applying it to real-world secrets and well-being outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11318218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9503799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to Positive Feedback as a Lever to Boost Students' STEM Outcomes. 积极反馈是提高学生科学、技术和工程学成果的杠杆》的更正。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241276870
{"title":"Corrigendum to Positive Feedback as a Lever to Boost Students' STEM Outcomes.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/01461672241276870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241276870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reflexive Activation of Monoracial Categories During Multiracial Categorization. 在多种族分类过程中,单种族类别的反射性激活。
IF 3.4 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241273194
John Andrew H Chwe, David J Lick, Jonathan B Freeman

Previous research has examined the real-time cognitive processes underlying perceivers' ability to resolve racial ambiguity into monoracial categorizations, but such processes for multiracial categorizations are less clear. Using a novel, three-choice mouse-tracking paradigm, we found that when perceivers categorized faces as multiracial their hand movements revealed an initial attraction to a monoracial category (study 1). Moreover, exposure to multiracial individuals moderated these effects. When measured (Study 2) or manipulated (Study 3), multiracial exposure reduced monoracial category activation and activation occurred for both morphed and real multiracial faces (Study 4). Together, the findings suggest that multiracial categorizations emerge from dynamic competition between relatively more accessible monoracial categories and a less-accessible multiracial category, which is attenuated through greater exposure to multiracial targets. This research is the first to chart out the real-time dynamics underlying multiracial categorizations and offers a new theoretical account of this increasingly common form of social categorization.

以往的研究已经检验了感知者将种族模糊性转化为单一种族分类的能力所依赖的实时认知过程,但是对于多种族分类的这种过程还不太清楚。通过使用一种新颖的三选一鼠标追踪范式,我们发现当感知者将人脸归类为多种族时,他们的手部动作会显示出对单种族类别的初始吸引力(研究 1)。此外,与多种族个体的接触也会调节这些效应。在测量(研究 2)或操纵(研究 3)时,多种族暴露会减少单种族类别激活,并且变形和真实的多种族面孔都会发生激活(研究 4)。总之,这些研究结果表明,多种族分类产生于相对较易获得的单种族类别和较不易获得的多种族类别之间的动态竞争,而这种竞争会通过更多地接触多种族目标而减弱。这项研究首次描绘了多种族分类背后的实时动态,并为这种日益普遍的社会分类形式提供了新的理论解释。
{"title":"Reflexive Activation of Monoracial Categories During Multiracial Categorization.","authors":"John Andrew H Chwe, David J Lick, Jonathan B Freeman","doi":"10.1177/01461672241273194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672241273194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has examined the real-time cognitive processes underlying perceivers' ability to resolve racial ambiguity into monoracial categorizations, but such processes for multiracial categorizations are less clear. Using a novel, three-choice mouse-tracking paradigm, we found that when perceivers categorized faces as multiracial their hand movements revealed an initial attraction to a monoracial category (study 1). Moreover, exposure to multiracial individuals moderated these effects. When measured (Study 2) or manipulated (Study 3), multiracial exposure reduced monoracial category activation and activation occurred for both morphed and real multiracial faces (Study 4). Together, the findings suggest that multiracial categorizations emerge from dynamic competition between relatively more accessible monoracial categories and a less-accessible multiracial category, which is attenuated through greater exposure to multiracial targets. This research is the first to chart out the real-time dynamics underlying multiracial categorizations and offers a new theoretical account of this increasingly common form of social categorization.</p>","PeriodicalId":19834,"journal":{"name":"Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1