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A wrap-around movement path randomization method to distinguish social and spatial drivers of animal interactions. 一种环绕运动路径随机化方法,用于区分动物互动的社会和空间驱动因素。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0531
Kaija Gahm, Ryan Nguyen, Marta Acácio, Nili Anglister, Gideon Vaadia, Orr Spiegel, Noa Pinter-Wollman

Studying the spatial-social interface requires tools that distinguish between social and spatial drivers of interactions. Testing hypotheses about the factors determining animal interactions often involves comparing observed interactions with reference or 'null' models. One approach to accounting for spatial drivers of social interactions in reference models is randomizing animal movement paths to decouple spatial and social phenotypes while maintaining environmental effects on movements. Here, we update a reference model that detects social attraction above the effect of spatial constraints. We explore the use of our 'wrap-around' method and compare its performance to the previous approach using agent-based simulations. The wrap-around method provides reference models that are more similar to the original tracking data, while still distinguishing between social and spatial drivers. Furthermore, the wrap-around approach results in fewer false-positives than its predecessor, especially when animals do not return to one place each night but change movement foci, either locally or directionally. Finally, we show that interactions among GPS-tracked griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) emerge from social attraction rather than from spatial constraints on their movements. We conclude by highlighting the biological situations in which the updated method might be most suitable for testing hypotheses about the underlying causes of social interactions. This article is part of the theme issue 'The spatial-social interface: a theoretical and empirical integration'.

研究空间-社会界面需要能够区分相互作用的社会和空间驱动因素的工具。检验决定动物互动因素的假设往往需要将观察到的互动与参考模型或 "空 "模型进行比较。在参考模型中考虑社会互动的空间驱动因素的一种方法是随机化动物的运动路径,在保持环境对运动的影响的同时将空间表型和社会表型脱钩。在这里,我们更新了一个参考模型,该模型可以检测到高于空间限制效应的社会吸引力。我们探索了 "环绕 "方法的使用,并通过基于代理的模拟将其性能与之前的方法进行了比较。环绕法提供的参考模型与原始跟踪数据更为相似,同时仍能区分社交和空间驱动因素。此外,与前一种方法相比,环绕法产生的假阳性结果更少,尤其是当动物每晚不返回一个地方,而是在局部或方向上改变运动中心时。最后,我们表明,GPS 跟踪的狮鹫(Gyps fulvus)之间的互动来自于社会吸引,而不是它们运动的空间限制。最后,我们强调了更新方法可能最适合用于检验有关社会互动根本原因的假设的生物情况。本文是主题 "空间-社会界面:理论与经验的整合 "的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
A mindful body approach to creating architecture: movement, models and spatial experiences. 建筑创作的身体感知方法:运动、模型和空间体验。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0153
Vernelle A A Noel, Shantanu Parikh, John Wilson, Sarah Grunert

If architecture is an expression of human creativity through multi-sensory embodiment, then learning, creating and experiencing architecture should also be multi-sensory and embodied. In this article, we challenge the separation of mind and body through Sheets-Johnstone's mindful bodies concept. We define a mindful body in architecture as one that documents, analyses and memory maps the moving body in different qualities of movement to create diverse spatial experiences. A mindful body approach to creating architecture involves: (i) engaging in meaningful movement and documenting the body, (ii) documenting embodied interactions with dynamic, animate elements in the built environment, (iii) connecting our body's movements with emotions and memories, (iv) designing spaces that produce diverse movements and atmospheres, and (v) designing architecture based on these spaces. We hypothesize that if designers engage in a mindful body approach to design, they can create spatial experiences that help us make sense of ourselves, others and the world. A mindful body approach to design can result in architectural spaces that activate our attentional switches, connect haptic experiences and memories and reveal wonders. This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.

如果说建筑是人类创造力通过多感官体现的一种表现形式,那么学习、创造和体验建筑也应该是多感官和多体现的。在这篇文章中,我们通过 Sheets-Johnstone 的 "有思想的身体"(mindful bodies)概念对身心分离提出了挑战。我们将建筑中的正念身体定义为:记录、分析和记忆不同运动质量的运动身体,以创造多样化的空间体验。创造建筑的正念身体方法包括:(i) 参与有意义的运动并记录身体,(ii) 记录与建筑环境中动态、有生命的元素之间的身体互动,(iii) 将我们身体的运动与情感和记忆联系起来,(iv) 设计产生不同运动和氛围的空间,以及 (v) 基于这些空间设计建筑。我们假设,如果设计师在设计中采用正念身体法,他们就能创造出帮助我们理解自己、他人和世界的空间体验。用身体感知的方法进行设计,可以使建筑空间激活我们的注意力开关,连接触觉体验和记忆,并展现奇妙之处。本文是 "运动中的心灵:人工智能时代的身体认知 "主题刊物的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Aligned bodies, united hearts: embodied emotional dynamics of an Islamic ritual. 身体一致,心灵相通:伊斯兰仪式的情感动力。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0162
Mohammadamin Saraei, Alexandra Paxton, Dimitris Xygalatas

Collective rituals involve the coordination of intentions and actions and have been shown to promote the alignment of emotional states and social identities. However, the mechanics of achieving group-level synchrony is yet unclear. We report the results of a naturalistic study in the context of an Islamic congregational prayer that involves synchronous movement. We used wearable devices to capture data on body posture, autonomic responses and spatial proximity to investigate how postural alignment and shared arousal intertwine during this ritual. The findings reveal a dual process at play: postural alignment appears to be more localized, with worshippers synchronizing their movements with their nearest neighbours, while physiological alignment operates on a broader scale, primarily driven by the central role of the religious leader. Our findings underscore the importance of interpersonal dynamics in collective gatherings and the role of physical co-presence in fostering connections among participants, with implications extending to our understanding of group dynamics across various social settings.This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.

集体仪式涉及意图和行动的协调,已被证明能促进情感状态和社会身份的一致。然而,实现群体同步的机制尚不清楚。我们报告了一项自然研究的结果,该研究以涉及同步运动的伊斯兰教会祈祷为背景。我们使用可穿戴设备捕捉有关身体姿势、自主神经反应和空间接近度的数据,以研究在这一仪式中,姿势调整和共同唤醒是如何交织在一起的。研究结果揭示了一个双重过程:姿势调整似乎更加局部化,参拜者的动作与最近的邻居同步,而生理调整则在更大范围内进行,主要由宗教领袖的核心作用驱动。我们的研究结果强调了集体聚会中人际动态的重要性,以及身体共同存在在促进参与者之间联系方面的作用,其意义延伸到我们对各种社会环境中群体动态的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence. 运动中的思维:人工智能时代的具身认知。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0144
Louise Barrett, Dietrich Stout

This theme issue brings together researchers from diverse fields to assess the current status and future prospects of embodied cognition in the age of generative artificial intelligence. In this introduction, we first clarify our view of embodiment as a potentially unifying concept in the study of cognition, characterizing this as a perspective that questions mind-body dualism and recognizes a profound continuity between sensorimotor action in the world and more abstract forms of cognition. We then consider how this unifying concept is developed and elaborated by the other contributions to this issue, identifying the following two key themes: (i) the role of language in cognition and its entanglement with the body and (ii) bodily mechanisms of interpersonal perception and alignment across the domains of social affiliation, teaching and learning. On balance, we consider that embodied approaches to the study of cognition, culture and evolution remain promising, but will require greater integration across disciplines to fully realize their potential. We conclude by suggesting that researchers will need to be ready and able to meet the various methodological, theoretical and practical challenges this will entail and remain open to encountering markedly different viewpoints about how and why embodiment matters. This article is the part of this theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.

本专题汇集了来自不同领域的研究人员,共同评估生成式人工智能时代具身认知的现状和未来前景。在这篇导言中,我们首先阐明了我们的观点:"具身 "是认知研究中一个潜在的统一概念,它的特点是质疑身心二元论,并承认世界中的感觉运动行为与更抽象的认知形式之间存在深刻的连续性。然后,我们将考虑本期其他文章是如何发展和阐述这一统一概念的,并确定以下两个关键主题:(i) 语言在认知中的作用及其与身体的纠缠;(ii) 人际感知的身体机制以及在社会从属关系、教学和学习领域的协调。总之,我们认为,研究认知、文化和进化的具身方法仍然大有可为,但需要各学科进一步整合,才能充分发挥其潜力。最后,我们建议,研究人员需要做好准备,能够应对由此带来的各种方法论、理论和实践挑战,并保持开放的态度,以应对关于体现如何以及为何重要的明显不同观点。本文是本期主题 "运动中的思维:人工智能时代的具身认知 "的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Active inference goes to school: the importance of active learning in the age of large language models. 主动推理进校园:主动学习在大型语言模型时代的重要性。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0148
Laura Desirèe Di Paolo, Ben White, Avel Guénin-Carlut, Axel Constant, Andy Clark

Human learning essentially involves embodied interactions with the material world. But our worlds now include increasing numbers of powerful and (apparently) disembodied generative artificial intelligence (AI). In what follows we ask how best to understand these new (somewhat 'alien', because of their disembodied nature) resources and how to incorporate them in our educational practices. We focus on methodologies that encourage exploration and embodied interactions with 'prepared' material environments, such as the carefully organized settings of Montessori education. Using the active inference framework, we approach our questions by thinking about human learning as epistemic foraging and prediction error minimization. We end by arguing that generative AI should figure naturally as new elements in prepared learning environments by facilitating sequences of precise prediction error enabling trajectories of self-correction. In these ways, we anticipate new synergies between (apparently) disembodied and (essentially) embodied forms of intelligence. This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.

人类的学习主要涉及与物质世界的互动。但是,我们的世界现在包含了越来越多的强大的、(显然)非实体生成的人工智能(AI)。在下文中,我们将探讨如何更好地理解这些新的(因其非实体性而有些 "外来")资源,以及如何将其纳入我们的教育实践。我们将重点放在鼓励探索以及与 "准备好的 "物质环境(如蒙特梭利教育中精心组织的环境)进行具身互动的方法上。利用主动推理框架,我们通过将人类学习视为认识论觅食和预测误差最小化来解决我们的问题。最后,我们认为,生成式人工智能应自然而然地成为准备好的学习环境中的新元素,通过促进精确预测误差的序列,实现自我纠正的轨迹。通过这些方式,我们预计(表面上)非实体智能和(本质上)实体智能将产生新的协同效应。本文是 "运动中的思维:人工智能时代的具身认知 "专题的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Gestures can help children learn mathematics: how researchers can work with teachers to make gesture studies applicable to classrooms. 手势可以帮助儿童学习数学:研究人员如何与教师合作,使手势研究适用于课堂。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0156
Amanda Seccia, Susan Goldin-Meadow

The gestures we produce serve a variety of functions-they affect our communication, guide our attention and help us think and change the way we think. Gestures can consequently also help us learn, generalize what we learn and retain that knowledge over time. The effects of gesture-based instruction in mathematics have been well studied. However, few of these studies are directly applicable to classroom environments. Here, we review literature that highlights the benefits of producing and observing gestures when teaching and learning mathematics, and we provide suggestions for designing research studies with an eye towards how gestures can feasibly be applied to classroom learning. This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.

我们做出的手势具有多种功能--它们影响我们的交流,引导我们的注意力,帮助我们思考并改变我们的思考方式。因此,手势还能帮助我们学习、归纳所学知识并长期保持这些知识。以手势为基础的数学教学效果已经得到了很好的研究。然而,这些研究很少能直接应用于课堂环境。在此,我们回顾了一些文献,这些文献强调了在教授和学习数学时制作和观察手势的益处,我们还为设计研究提供了建议,这些建议着眼于如何将手势可行地应用于课堂学习。本文是 "运动中的思维:人工智能时代的具身认知 "主题刊物的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Symbol ungrounding: what the successes (and failures) of large language models reveal about human cognition. 符号不接地:大型语言模型的成功(和失败)对人类认知的启示。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0149
Guy Dove

Large language models can handle sophisticated natural language processing tasks. This raises the question of how their understanding of semantic meaning compares to that of human beings. Supporters of embodied cognition often point out that because these models are trained solely on text, their representations of semantic content are not grounded in sensorimotor experience. This paper contends that human cognition exhibits capabilities that fit with both the embodied and artificial intelligence approaches. Evidence suggests that semantic memory is partially grounded in sensorimotor systems and dependent on language-specific learning. From this perspective, large language models demonstrate the richness of language as a source of semantic information. They show how our experience with language might scaffold and extend our capacity to make sense of the world. In the context of an embodied mind, language provides access to a valuable form of ungrounded cognition.This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.

大型语言模型可以处理复杂的自然语言处理任务。这就提出了一个问题:它们对语义的理解与人类相比如何?具身认知的支持者通常会指出,由于这些模型仅针对文本进行训练,因此它们对语义内容的表征并不以感官运动经验为基础。本文认为,人类认知所表现出的能力既符合具身认知方法,也符合人工智能方法。有证据表明,语义记忆部分基于感觉运动系统,部分依赖于特定语言的学习。从这个角度来看,大型语言模型展示了语言作为语义信息来源的丰富性。它们展示了我们的语言经验是如何支撑和扩展我们认识世界的能力的。本文是 "运动中的思维:人工智能时代的具身认知 "主题期刊的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
How bipedalism shapes humans' actions with hand tools. 两足运动如何塑造人类使用手动工具的行为。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0152
Dorothy M Fragaszy, Damian G Kelty-Stephen, Madhur Mangalam

The task for an embodied cognitive understanding of humans' actions with tools is to elucidate how the human body, as a whole, supports the perception of affordances and dexterous action with objects in relation to other objects. Here, we focus on the relationship between humans' actions with handheld tools and bipedal posture. Posture plays a pivotal role in shaping animals' perception and action dynamics. While humans stand and locomote bipedally, other primates predominantly employ quadrupedal postures and locomotion, relying on both hands and feet to support the body. Drawing upon evidence from evolutionary biology, developmental psychology and performance studies, we elucidate the influence of bipedalism on our actions with objects and on our proficiency in using tools. We use the metaphor of cascades to capture the dynamic, nonlinear transformations in morphology and behaviour associated with posture and the use of tools across evolutionary and developmental timescales. Recent work illustrates the promise of multifractal cascade analysis to reveal nonlinear, cross-scale interactions across the entire body in real-time, supporting the perception of affordances for actions with tools. Cascade analysis enriches our comprehension of real-time performance and facilitates exploration of the relationships among whole-body coordination, individual development, and evolutionary processes.This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.

对人类使用工具的行为进行具身认知理解的任务是,阐明人体作为一个整体,是如何支持对承受能力的感知以及与其他物体相关的灵巧动作的。在此,我们重点研究人类使用手持工具的行动与双足姿势之间的关系。姿势在塑造动物的感知和行动动力方面起着举足轻重的作用。人类以两足站立和运动,而其他灵长类动物则主要采用四足姿势和运动,依靠双手和双脚支撑身体。借助进化生物学、发展心理学和表演研究的证据,我们阐明了两足运动对我们与物体接触的行动以及对我们熟练使用工具的影响。我们使用级联的隐喻来捕捉与姿势和工具使用相关的形态和行为在进化和发展时间尺度上的动态非线性转变。最近的研究表明,多分形级联分析有望实时揭示整个身体的非线性、跨尺度交互作用,从而支持对使用工具的行动能力的感知。级联分析丰富了我们对实时表现的理解,有助于探索全身协调、个体发展和进化过程之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Ethnokinesiology: towards a neuromechanical understanding of cultural differences in movement. 民族运动学:从神经力学角度理解运动中的文化差异。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0485
Lena H Ting, Bryan Gick, Trisha M Kesar, Jing Xu

Each individual's movements are sculpted by constant interactions between sensorimotor and sociocultural factors. A theoretical framework grounded in motor control mechanisms articulating how sociocultural and biological signals converge to shape movement is currently missing. Here, we propose a framework for the emerging field of ethnokinesiology aiming to provide a conceptual space and vocabulary to help bring together researchers at this intersection. We offer a first-level schema for generating and testing hypotheses about cultural differences in movement to bridge gaps between the rich observations of cross-cultural movement variations and neurophysiological and biomechanical accounts of movement. We explicitly dissociate two interacting feedback loops that determine culturally relevant movement: one governing sensorimotor tasks regulated by neural signals internal to the body, the other governing ecological tasks generated through actions in the environment producing ecological consequences. A key idea is the emergence of individual-specific and culturally influenced motor concepts in the nervous system, low-dimensional functional mappings between sensorimotor and ecological task spaces. Motor accents arise from perceived differences in motor concept topologies across cultural contexts. We apply the framework to three examples: speech, gait and grasp. Finally, we discuss how ethnokinesiological studies may inform personalized motor skill training and rehabilitation, and challenges moving forward.This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.

每个人的动作都是由感官运动和社会文化因素之间不断的相互作用而形成的。目前还缺少一个以运动控制机制为基础的理论框架,来阐明社会文化和生物信号如何共同塑造运动。在此,我们为新兴的民族运动学领域提出了一个框架,旨在提供一个概念空间和词汇,帮助将这一交叉领域的研究人员聚集在一起。我们提供了一个用于生成和测试运动文化差异假设的第一层架构,以弥合跨文化运动差异的丰富观察结果与运动的神经生理学和生物力学描述之间的差距。我们明确地将决定文化相关运动的两个相互作用的反馈回路分离开来:一个是由身体内部神经信号调节的感官运动任务,另一个是通过在环境中产生生态后果的行动而产生的生态任务。其中的一个关键观点是神经系统中出现了个体特有的、受文化影响的运动概念,即感觉运动和生态任务空间之间的低维功能映射。运动口音产生于不同文化背景下运动概念拓扑结构的感知差异。我们将该框架应用于三个例子:语言、步态和抓握。最后,我们讨论了人种运动学研究如何为个性化运动技能训练和康复提供信息,以及未来面临的挑战。本文是 "运动中的思维:人工智能时代的具身认知 "主题期刊的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Embodiment in the enfacement illusion is mediated by self-other overlap. 置身幻觉中的体现是以自我与他者的重叠为中介的。
IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0146
Bryony Payne, Caroline Catmur

The enfacement illusion is a facial version of the rubber hand illusion, in which participants experience tactile stimulation of their own faces synchronously with the observation of the same stimulation applied to another's face. In previous studies, participants have reported experiencing an illusory embodiment of the other's face following synchronous compared to asynchronous stimulation. In a series of three experiments, we addressed the following three questions: (i) how does similarity between the self and the other, operationalized here as being of the same or different gender to the other, impact the experience of embodiment in the enfacement illusion; (ii) does the experience of embodiment result from alterations to the self-concept; and (iii) is susceptibility to the experience of embodiment associated with interoceptive processing, i.e. perception of the internal state of the body? Results indicate that embodiment is facilitated by the similarity between the self and the other and is mediated by the incorporation of the other into the self-concept, but sensitivity to one's own internal states does not impact upon embodiment within the enfacement illusion. This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'.

贴面幻觉是橡皮手幻觉的面部版本,在这种幻觉中,参与者在观察他人面部受到相同刺激时,自己的面部也会同步受到触觉刺激。在以往的研究中,与异步刺激相比,同步刺激时参与者会体验到对方面部的虚幻化身。在一系列的三项实验中,我们探讨了以下三个问题:(i) 自我与他人之间的相似性(这里的相似性是指与他人的性别相同或不同)如何影响包身幻觉中的包身体验;(ii) 包身体验是否源于自我概念的改变;(iii) 包身体验的易感性是否与内感知处理(即对身体内部状态的感知)有关?结果表明,自我与他人之间的相似性促进了体现,而将他人纳入自我概念则是体现的中介,但对自身内部状态的敏感性并不影响在置入幻觉中的体现。本文是 "运动中的思维:人工智能时代的具身认知 "主题刊物的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
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