Bruno Locatelli, Sandra Lavorel, Matthew J Colloff, Emilie Crouzat, Enora Bruley, Giacomo Fedele, Adrienne Grêt-Regamey, Tobias Plieninger, Erik Andersson, Mick Abbott, James Butler, Tahia Devisscher, Houria Djoudi, Titouan Dubo, Alberto González-García, Paulina G Karim, Claudia Múnera-Roldán, Margot Neyret, Fabien Quétier, Nicolas Salliou, Gretchen Walters
Adaptation to climate change is a social-ecological process: it is not solely a result of natural processes or human decisions but emerges from multiple relations within social systems, within ecological systems and between them. We propose a novel analytical framework to evaluate social-ecological relations in nature-based adaptation, encompassing social (people-people), ecological (nature-nature) and social-ecological (people-nature) relations. Applying this framework to 25 case studies, we analyse the associations among these relations and identify archetypes of social-ecological adaptation. Our findings revealed that adaptation actions with more people-nature relations mobilize more social and ecological relations. We identified four archetypes, with distinct modes of adaptation along a gradient of people-nature interaction scores, summarized as: (i) nature control; (ii) biodiversity-based; (iii) ecosystem services-based; and (iv) integrated approaches. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of nature-based adaptation, highlighting the importance of integrating diverse relations across social and ecological systems. Our findings offer valuable insights for informing the design and implementation of adaptation strategies and policies.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.
{"title":"Intertwined people-nature relations are central to nature-based adaptation to climate change.","authors":"Bruno Locatelli, Sandra Lavorel, Matthew J Colloff, Emilie Crouzat, Enora Bruley, Giacomo Fedele, Adrienne Grêt-Regamey, Tobias Plieninger, Erik Andersson, Mick Abbott, James Butler, Tahia Devisscher, Houria Djoudi, Titouan Dubo, Alberto González-García, Paulina G Karim, Claudia Múnera-Roldán, Margot Neyret, Fabien Quétier, Nicolas Salliou, Gretchen Walters","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0213","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptation to climate change is a social-ecological process: it is not solely a result of natural processes or human decisions but emerges from multiple relations within social systems, within ecological systems and between them. We propose a novel analytical framework to evaluate social-ecological relations in nature-based adaptation, encompassing social (people-people), ecological (nature-nature) and social-ecological (people-nature) relations. Applying this framework to 25 case studies, we analyse the associations among these relations and identify archetypes of social-ecological adaptation. Our findings revealed that adaptation actions with more people-nature relations mobilize more social and ecological relations. We identified four archetypes, with distinct modes of adaptation along a gradient of people-nature interaction scores, summarized as: (i) nature control; (ii) biodiversity-based; (iii) ecosystem services-based; and (iv) integrated approaches. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of nature-based adaptation, highlighting the importance of integrating diverse relations across social and ecological systems. Our findings offer valuable insights for informing the design and implementation of adaptation strategies and policies.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1917","pages":"20230213"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11712277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stuart H M Butchart, H Resit Akçakaya, Alex J Berryman, Thomas M Brooks, Ian J Burfield, Janice Chanson, Maria P Dias, John S Donaldson, Claudia Hermes, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Mike Hoffmann, Jennifer A Luedtke, Rob Martin, Amy McDougall, Kelsey Neam, Beth Polidoro, Domitilla Raimondo, Ana S L Rodrigues, Carlo Rondinini, Claire Rutherford, Tom Scott, Ashley T Simkins, Simon N Stuart, Jemma Vine
The Red List Index (RLI) is an indicator of the average extinction risk of groups of species and reflects trends in this through time. It is calculated from the number of species in each category on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with trends influenced by the number moving between categories when reassessed owing to genuine improvement or deterioration in status. The global RLI is aggregated across multiple taxonomic groups and can be disaggregated to show trends for subsets of species (e.g. migratory species), or driven by particular factors (e.g. international trade). National RLIs have been generated through either repeated assessments of national extinction risk in each country or through disaggregating the global index and weighting each species by the proportion of its range in each country. The RLI has achieved wide policy uptake, including by the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Future priorities include expanding its taxonomic coverage, applying the RLI to the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, incorporating uncertainty in the underlying Red List assessments, integrating into national RLIs the impact of a country on species' extinction risk abroad, and improving analysis of the factors driving trends.This article is part of the discussion theme issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.
{"title":"Measuring trends in extinction risk: a review of two decades of development and application of the Red List Index.","authors":"Stuart H M Butchart, H Resit Akçakaya, Alex J Berryman, Thomas M Brooks, Ian J Burfield, Janice Chanson, Maria P Dias, John S Donaldson, Claudia Hermes, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Mike Hoffmann, Jennifer A Luedtke, Rob Martin, Amy McDougall, Kelsey Neam, Beth Polidoro, Domitilla Raimondo, Ana S L Rodrigues, Carlo Rondinini, Claire Rutherford, Tom Scott, Ashley T Simkins, Simon N Stuart, Jemma Vine","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0206","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Red List Index (RLI) is an indicator of the average extinction risk of groups of species and reflects trends in this through time. It is calculated from the number of species in each category on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with trends influenced by the number moving between categories when reassessed owing to genuine improvement or deterioration in status. The global RLI is aggregated across multiple taxonomic groups and can be disaggregated to show trends for subsets of species (e.g. migratory species), or driven by particular factors (e.g. international trade). National RLIs have been generated through either repeated assessments of national extinction risk in each country or through disaggregating the global index and weighting each species by the proportion of its range in each country. The RLI has achieved wide policy uptake, including by the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Future priorities include expanding its taxonomic coverage, applying the RLI to the goals and targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, incorporating uncertainty in the underlying Red List assessments, integrating into national RLIs the impact of a country on species' extinction risk abroad, and improving analysis of the factors driving trends.This article is part of the discussion theme issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1917","pages":"20230206"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11712279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Georgina Mace proposed bending the curve of biodiversity loss as a fitting ambition for the Convention on Biological Diversity. The new Global Biodiversity Monitoring Framework (GBMF) may increase the chances of meeting the goals and targets in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), which requires bending the curve. To meet the outcome goals of KMGBF, the GBMF should support adaptive policy responses to the state of biodiversity, which in turn requires a 'satnav' for nature. The twin pillars of such a satnav are (i) models to predict expected future outcomes of today's choices; and (ii) rapid feedback from monitoring to enable course corrections and model improvement. These same elements will also empower organizations to ensure that their actions are truly nature-positive, but they are not yet written into the GBMF. Without a satnav, society will effectively have to try to find its way to the outcome goals by looking in the rear-view mirror that the current headline indicators provide. Drawing contrasts and parallels with climate modelling, I discuss challenges for indicators, models, data and research culture that must be overcome if we are to bend the curve, and suggest ways forward.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.
{"title":"Bending the curve of biodiversity loss requires a 'satnav' for nature.","authors":"Andy Purvis","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0210","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Georgina Mace proposed bending the curve of biodiversity loss as a fitting ambition for the Convention on Biological Diversity. The new Global Biodiversity Monitoring Framework (GBMF) may increase the chances of meeting the goals and targets in the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), which requires bending the curve. To meet the outcome goals of KMGBF, the GBMF should support adaptive policy responses to the state of biodiversity, which in turn requires a 'satnav' for nature. The twin pillars of such a satnav are (i) models to predict expected future outcomes of today's choices; and (ii) rapid feedback from monitoring to enable course corrections and model improvement. These same elements will also empower organizations to ensure that their actions are truly nature-positive, but they are not yet written into the GBMF. Without a satnav, society will effectively have to try to find its way to the outcome goals by looking in the rear-view mirror that the current headline indicators provide. Drawing contrasts and parallels with climate modelling, I discuss challenges for indicators, models, data and research culture that must be overcome if we are to bend the curve, and suggest ways forward.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1917","pages":"20230210"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Balmford, Ian J Bateman, Alison Eyres, Tom Swinfield, Thomas S Ball
Food production does more damage to wild species than any other sector of human activity, yet how best to limit its growing impact is greatly contested. Reviewing progress to date in interventions that encourage less damaging diets or cut food loss and waste, we conclude that both are essential but far from sufficient. In terms of production, field studies from five continents quantifying the population-level impacts of land sharing, land sparing, intermediate and mixed approaches for almost 2000 individually assessed species show that implementing high-yield farming to spare natural habitats consistently outperforms land sharing, particularly for species of highest conservation concern. Sparing also offers considerable potential for mitigating climate change. Delivering land sparing nevertheless raises several important challenges-in particular, identifying and promoting higher yielding farm systems that are less environmentally harmful than current industrial agriculture, and devising mechanisms to limit rebound effects and instead tie yield gains to habitat conservation. Progress will depend on conservationists forging novel collaborations with the agriculture sector. While this may be challenging, we suggest that without it there is no realistic prospect of slowing biodiversity loss.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.
{"title":"Sustainable high-yield farming is essential for bending the curve of biodiversity loss.","authors":"Andrew Balmford, Ian J Bateman, Alison Eyres, Tom Swinfield, Thomas S Ball","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0216","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food production does more damage to wild species than any other sector of human activity, yet how best to limit its growing impact is greatly contested. Reviewing progress to date in interventions that encourage less damaging diets or cut food loss and waste, we conclude that both are essential but far from sufficient. In terms of production, field studies from five continents quantifying the population-level impacts of land sharing, land sparing, intermediate and mixed approaches for almost 2000 individually assessed species show that implementing high-yield farming to spare natural habitats consistently outperforms land sharing, particularly for species of highest conservation concern. Sparing also offers considerable potential for mitigating climate change. Delivering land sparing nevertheless raises several important challenges-in particular, identifying and promoting higher yielding farm systems that are less environmentally harmful than current industrial agriculture, and devising mechanisms to limit rebound effects and instead tie yield gains to habitat conservation. Progress will depend on conservationists forging novel collaborations with the agriculture sector. While this may be challenging, we suggest that without it there is no realistic prospect of slowing biodiversity loss.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1917","pages":"20230216"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11712281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louise McRae, Richard Cornford, Valentina Marconi, Hannah Puleston, Sophie E H Ledger, Stefanie Deinet, Philippa Oppenheimer, Mike Hoffmann, Robin Freeman
The Living Planet Index (LPI) is a leading global biodiversity indicator based on vertebrate population time series. Since it was first developed over 25 years ago, the LPI has been widely used to indicate trends in biodiversity globally, primarily reported every two years in the Living Planet Report. Based on relative abundance, a sensitive metric of biodiversity change, the LPI has also been applied as a tool for informing policy and used in assessments for several multilateral conventions and agreements, including the Convention on Biological Diversity 2010 Biodiversity Target and Aichi targets. Here, we outline all current and some potential uses of the LPI as a policy tool and explore the use of the LPI in policy documents to assess the reach of the LPI geographically and over time. We present limitations to the use of this indicator in policy, primarily relating to the development of the index at the national level, and suggest clear pathways to broaden the utility of the LPI and the underlying database for temporal and spatial predictions of biodiversity change. We also provide evidence that the LPI can detect recoveries in biodiversity and suggest its suitability for measuring progress towards the goal of biodiversity recovery by 2050.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.
{"title":"The utility of the Living Planet Index as a policy tool and for measuring nature recovery.","authors":"Louise McRae, Richard Cornford, Valentina Marconi, Hannah Puleston, Sophie E H Ledger, Stefanie Deinet, Philippa Oppenheimer, Mike Hoffmann, Robin Freeman","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0207","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Living Planet Index (LPI) is a leading global biodiversity indicator based on vertebrate population time series. Since it was first developed over 25 years ago, the LPI has been widely used to indicate trends in biodiversity globally, primarily reported every two years in the Living Planet Report. Based on relative abundance, a sensitive metric of biodiversity change, the LPI has also been applied as a tool for informing policy and used in assessments for several multilateral conventions and agreements, including the Convention on Biological Diversity 2010 Biodiversity Target and Aichi targets. Here, we outline all current and some potential uses of the LPI as a policy tool and explore the use of the LPI in policy documents to assess the reach of the LPI geographically and over time. We present limitations to the use of this indicator in policy, primarily relating to the development of the index at the national level, and suggest clear pathways to broaden the utility of the LPI and the underlying database for temporal and spatial predictions of biodiversity change. We also provide evidence that the LPI can detect recoveries in biodiversity and suggest its suitability for measuring progress towards the goal of biodiversity recovery by 2050.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1917","pages":"20230207"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11712285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily J McKenzie, Matt Jones, Nina Seega, Juha Siikamäki, Varsha Vijay
Target 15 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework recognizes the importance of the private sector monitoring, assessing and disclosing biodiversity-related risks, dependencies and impacts. Many businesses and financial institutions are progressing with science-based assessments, targets and disclosures and integrating into strategy, risk management and capital allocation decisions. Developments will continue in response to investor expectations, emerging corporate sustainability reporting regulations in Europe, China and elsewhere and evolving global sustainability reporting standards. Voluntary action is also being encouraged by the disclosure recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures and the target-setting methods of the Science Based Targets Network. Based on experience supporting the private sector in practice, we identify four critical science and technical advances needed to enable business action at scale and to redirect finance globally to halt and reverse biodiversity loss. First, consensus on indicators and metrics for measuring changes in the state of nature and provision of ecosystem services. Second, access to global, regularly updated, location-specific and consistent nature data. Third, standardized and consistent accounting systems that structure data, support risk management and create accountability at corporate, ecosystem and national levels. Fourth, integrated risk assessment approaches to help corporates, financial institutions, central banks and supervisors to assess nature-related risks.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.
{"title":"Science and technical priorities for private sector action to address biodiversity loss.","authors":"Emily J McKenzie, Matt Jones, Nina Seega, Juha Siikamäki, Varsha Vijay","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0208","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Target 15 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework recognizes the importance of the private sector monitoring, assessing and disclosing biodiversity-related risks, dependencies and impacts. Many businesses and financial institutions are progressing with science-based assessments, targets and disclosures and integrating into strategy, risk management and capital allocation decisions. Developments will continue in response to investor expectations, emerging corporate sustainability reporting regulations in Europe, China and elsewhere and evolving global sustainability reporting standards. Voluntary action is also being encouraged by the disclosure recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures and the target-setting methods of the Science Based Targets Network. Based on experience supporting the private sector in practice, we identify four critical science and technical advances needed to enable business action at scale and to redirect finance globally to halt and reverse biodiversity loss. First, consensus on indicators and metrics for measuring changes in the state of nature and provision of ecosystem services. Second, access to global, regularly updated, location-specific and consistent nature data. Third, standardized and consistent accounting systems that structure data, support risk management and create accountability at corporate, ecosystem and national levels. Fourth, integrated risk assessment approaches to help corporates, financial institutions, central banks and supervisors to assess nature-related risks.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1917","pages":"20230208"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The partitioning of global biodiversity into biogeographic regions is critical for understanding the impacts of global-scale ecological and evolutionary processes on species assemblages as well as prioritizing areas for conservation. However, the lack of globally comprehensive data on species distributions precludes fine-scale estimation of biogeographical regionalization for numerous taxa of ecological, economic and conservation interest. Using a recently published phylogeny and novel curated native range maps for over 10 000 species of butterflies around the world, we delineated biogeographic regions for the world's butterflies using phylogenetic dissimilarity. We uncovered 19 distinct phylogenetically delimited regions (phyloregions) nested within 6 realms. Regional boundaries were predicted by spatial turnover in modern-day temperature and precipitation seasonality, but historical climate change also left a pronounced fingerprint on deeper- (realm-) level boundaries. We use a culturally and ecologically important group of insects to expand our understanding of how historical and contemporary factors drive the distribution of organismal lineages on the Earth. As insects and global biodiversity more generally face unprecedented challenges from anthropogenic factors, our research provides the groundwork for prioritizing regions and taxa for conservation, especially with the goal of preserving the legacies of our biosphere's evolutionary history.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.
{"title":"A global biogeographic regionalization for butterflies.","authors":"Collin P Gross, April M Wright, Barnabas H Daru","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0211","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The partitioning of global biodiversity into biogeographic regions is critical for understanding the impacts of global-scale ecological and evolutionary processes on species assemblages as well as prioritizing areas for conservation. However, the lack of globally comprehensive data on species distributions precludes fine-scale estimation of biogeographical regionalization for numerous taxa of ecological, economic and conservation interest. Using a recently published phylogeny and novel curated native range maps for over 10 000 species of butterflies around the world, we delineated biogeographic regions for the world's butterflies using phylogenetic dissimilarity. We uncovered 19 distinct phylogenetically delimited regions (phyloregions) nested within 6 realms. Regional boundaries were predicted by spatial turnover in modern-day temperature and precipitation seasonality, but historical climate change also left a pronounced fingerprint on deeper- (realm-) level boundaries. We use a culturally and ecologically important group of insects to expand our understanding of how historical and contemporary factors drive the distribution of organismal lineages on the Earth. As insects and global biodiversity more generally face unprecedented challenges from anthropogenic factors, our research provides the groundwork for prioritizing regions and taxa for conservation, especially with the goal of preserving the legacies of our biosphere's evolutionary history.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1917","pages":"20230211"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11712276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A key issue in predicting how ecosystems will respond to environmental change is understanding why populations and communities are able to live and reproduce in some parts of ecological and geographical space, but not in others. The limits to adaptation that cause ecological niches to vary in position and width across taxa and environmental contexts determine how communities and ecosystems emerge from selection on phenotypes and genomes. Ecological trade-offs mean that phenotypes can only be optimal in some environments unless these trade-offs can be reshaped through evolution. However, the amount and rate of evolution are limited by genetic architectures, developmental systems (including phenotypic plasticity) and the legacies of recent evolutionary history. Here, we summarize adaptive limits and their ecological consequences in time (evolutionary rescue) and space (species' range limits), relating theoretical predictions to empirical tests. We then highlight key avenues for future research in this area, from better connections between evolution and demography to analysing the genomic architecture of adaptation, the dynamics of plasticity and interactions between the biotic and abiotic environment. Progress on these questions will help us understand when and where evolution and phenotypic plasticity will allow species and communities to persist in the face of rapid environmental change.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.
{"title":"Impacts of limits to adaptation on population and community persistence in a changing environment.","authors":"Luis-Miguel Chevin, Jon Bridle","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0322","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key issue in predicting how ecosystems will respond to environmental change is understanding why populations and communities are able to live and reproduce in some parts of ecological and geographical space, but not in others. The limits to adaptation that cause ecological niches to vary in position and width across taxa and environmental contexts determine how communities and ecosystems emerge from selection on phenotypes and genomes. Ecological trade-offs mean that phenotypes can only be optimal in some environments unless these trade-offs can be reshaped through evolution. However, the amount and rate of evolution are limited by genetic architectures, developmental systems (including phenotypic plasticity) and the legacies of recent evolutionary history. Here, we summarize adaptive limits and their ecological consequences in time (evolutionary rescue) and space (species' range limits), relating theoretical predictions to empirical tests. We then highlight key avenues for future research in this area, from better connections between evolution and demography to analysing the genomic architecture of adaptation, the dynamics of plasticity and interactions between the biotic and abiotic environment. Progress on these questions will help us understand when and where evolution and phenotypic plasticity will allow species and communities to persist in the face of rapid environmental change.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1917","pages":"20230322"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11712278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bezeng S Bezeng, Gabriel Ameka, Chia Michelle Valérie Angui, Laura Atuah, Fortuné Azihou, Yanis Bouchenak-Khelladi, Frank Carlisle, Bi Tra Serges Doubi, Orou G Gaoue, Wenceslas Gatarabirwa, Consolata Gitau, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Alex Hipkiss, Rodrigue Idohou, Beth A Kaplin, Lucy Kemp, Jacqueline S Mbawine, Vincent Logah, Paul Matiku, Paul Kariuki Ndang'ang'a, Eric D Nana, Onella N N Mundi, Erasmus H Owusu, Jon Paul Rodríguez, Hanneline Smit-Robinson, Kowiyou Yessoufou, Vincent Savolainen
Africa boasts high biodiversity while also being home to some of the largest and fastest-growing human populations. Although the current environmental footprint of Africa is low compared to other continents, the population of Africa is estimated at around 1.5 billion inhabitants, representing nearly 18% of the world's total population. Consequently, Africa's rich biodiversity is under threat, yet only 19% of the landscape and 17% of the seascape are under any form of protection. To effectively address this issue and align with the Convention on Biological Diversity's ambitious '30 by 30' goal, which seeks to protect 30% of the world's land and oceans by 2030, substantial funding and conservation measures are urgently required. In response to this critical challenge, as scientists and conservationists working in Africa, we propose five recommendations for future directions aimed at enhancing biodiversity conservation for the betterment of African society: (i) accelerate data collection, data sharing and analytics for informed policy and decision-making; (ii) innovate education and capacity building for future generations; (iii) enhance and expand protected areas, ecological networks and foundational legal frameworks; (iv) unlock creative funding channels for cutting-edge conservation initiatives; and (v) integrate indigenous and local knowledge into forward-thinking conservation strategies. By implementing these recommendations, we believe Africa can make significant strides towards preserving its unique biodiversity, while fostering a healthier society, and contributing to global conservation efforts.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.
非洲拥有高度的生物多样性,同时也是人口最多、增长最快的一些地区的家园。尽管与其他大陆相比,非洲目前的环境足迹较低,但非洲人口估计约为15亿,占世界总人口的近18%。因此,非洲丰富的生物多样性受到威胁,但只有19%的景观和17%的海景受到某种形式的保护。为了有效解决这一问题,并与《生物多样性公约》雄心勃勃的“30 by 30”目标保持一致,即到2030年保护世界30%的陆地和海洋,迫切需要大量资金和保护措施。为了应对这一严峻挑战,作为在非洲工作的科学家和保护主义者,我们就加强生物多样性保护以改善非洲社会的未来方向提出了五点建议:(i)加快数据收集、数据共享和分析,以促进知情的政策和决策;(二)为子孙后代创新教育和能力建设;(三)加强和扩大保护区、生态网络和基本法律框架;(iv)开辟创新的资助渠道,推行先进的保育措施;(v)将土著和地方知识纳入前瞻性的保护战略。通过执行这些建议,我们认为非洲可以在保护其独特的生物多样性方面取得重大进展,同时促进一个更健康的社会,并为全球保护努力作出贡献。这篇文章是讨论会议议题“弯曲自然恢复的曲线:以乔治娜梅斯的遗产为基础建设生物多样性的未来”的一部分。
{"title":"An African perspective to biodiversity conservation in the twenty-first century.","authors":"Bezeng S Bezeng, Gabriel Ameka, Chia Michelle Valérie Angui, Laura Atuah, Fortuné Azihou, Yanis Bouchenak-Khelladi, Frank Carlisle, Bi Tra Serges Doubi, Orou G Gaoue, Wenceslas Gatarabirwa, Consolata Gitau, Craig Hilton-Taylor, Alex Hipkiss, Rodrigue Idohou, Beth A Kaplin, Lucy Kemp, Jacqueline S Mbawine, Vincent Logah, Paul Matiku, Paul Kariuki Ndang'ang'a, Eric D Nana, Onella N N Mundi, Erasmus H Owusu, Jon Paul Rodríguez, Hanneline Smit-Robinson, Kowiyou Yessoufou, Vincent Savolainen","doi":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0443","DOIUrl":"10.1098/rstb.2023.0443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Africa boasts high biodiversity while also being home to some of the largest and fastest-growing human populations. Although the current environmental footprint of Africa is low compared to other continents, the population of Africa is estimated at around 1.5 billion inhabitants, representing nearly 18% of the world's total population. Consequently, Africa's rich biodiversity is under threat, yet only 19% of the landscape and 17% of the seascape are under any form of protection. To effectively address this issue and align with the Convention on Biological Diversity's ambitious '30 by 30' goal, which seeks to protect 30% of the world's land and oceans by 2030, substantial funding and conservation measures are urgently required. In response to this critical challenge, as scientists and conservationists working in Africa, we propose five recommendations for future directions aimed at enhancing biodiversity conservation for the betterment of African society: (i) accelerate data collection, data sharing and analytics for informed policy and decision-making; (ii) innovate education and capacity building for future generations; (iii) enhance and expand protected areas, ecological networks and foundational legal frameworks; (iv) unlock creative funding channels for cutting-edge conservation initiatives; and (v) integrate indigenous and local knowledge into forward-thinking conservation strategies. By implementing these recommendations, we believe Africa can make significant strides towards preserving its unique biodiversity, while fostering a healthier society, and contributing to global conservation efforts.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.</p>","PeriodicalId":19872,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","volume":"380 1917","pages":"20230443"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11720644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142952812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alison Eyres, Thomas S Ball, Michael Dales, Tom Swinfield, Andy Arnell, Daniele Baisero, América Paz Durán, Jonathan M H Green, Rhys E Green, Anil Madhavapeddy, Andrew Balmford
Human-driven habitat loss is recognized as the greatest cause of the biodiversity crisis, yet to date we lack robust, spatially explicit metrics quantifying the impacts of anthropogenic changes in habitat extent on species' extinctions. Existing metrics either fail to consider species identity or focus solely on recent habitat losses. The persistence score approach developed by Durán et al. (Durán et al. 2020 Methods Ecol. Evol. 11, 910-921 (doi:10.1111/2041-210X.13427) represented an important development by combining species' ecologies and land-cover data while considering the cumulative and non-linear impact of past habitat loss on species' probability of extinction. However, it is computationally demanding, limiting its global use and application. Here we couple the persistence score approach with high-performance computing to generate global maps of what we term the LIFE (Land-cover change Impacts on Future Extinctions) metric for 30 875 species of terrestrial vertebrates at 1 arc-min resolution (3.4 km2 at the equator). These maps provide quantitative estimates, for the first time, of the marginal changes in the expected number of extinctions (both increases and decreases) caused by converting remaining natural vegetation to agriculture, and restoring farmland to natural habitat. We demonstrate statistically that this approach integrates information on species richness, endemism and past habitat loss. Our resulting maps can be used at scales from 0.5-1000 km2 and offer unprecedented opportunities to estimate the impact on extinctions of diverse actions that affect change in land cover, from individual dietary choices through to global protected area development.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Bending the curve towards nature recovery: building on Georgina Mace's legacy for a biodiverse future'.
人类驱动的栖息地丧失被认为是造成生物多样性危机的最大原因,但迄今为止,我们缺乏强有力的、空间上明确的指标来量化栖息地范围的人为变化对物种灭绝的影响。现有的衡量标准要么没有考虑物种特征,要么只关注最近的栖息地丧失。持久性评分方法由Durán et al. (Durán et al. 2020)开发。进化,11,910-921 (doi:10.1111/2041-210X.13427)代表了一个重要的发展,它结合了物种生态和土地覆盖数据,同时考虑了过去栖息地丧失对物种灭绝概率的累积和非线性影响。然而,它的计算要求很高,限制了它的全球使用和应用。在这里,我们将持久性评分方法与高性能计算相结合,以1弧分分辨率(赤道3.4平方公里)为30875种陆生脊椎动物生成我们称之为LIFE(土地覆盖变化对未来灭绝的影响)度量的全球地图。这些地图首次对剩余的自然植被转化为农业和将农田恢复为自然栖息地所造成的预期灭绝数量(增加和减少)的边际变化提供了定量估计。我们从统计上证明,这种方法综合了物种丰富度、地方性和过去栖息地丧失的信息。我们得到的地图可以在0.5-1000平方公里的范围内使用,并提供了前所未有的机会来估计影响土地覆盖变化的各种行动对灭绝的影响,从个人饮食选择到全球保护区的发展。这篇文章是讨论会议议题“弯曲自然恢复的曲线:以乔治娜梅斯的遗产为基础建设生物多样性的未来”的一部分。
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