Performance enhancement and health最新文献_第5页

Clenbuterol and the cost of cutting: A brief report comparing self-reported side effects of clenbuterol consumption to anabolic-androgenic steroid compounds 克伦特罗和削减成本：一份比较克伦特罗与合成代谢雄激素类固醇化合物的自我报告副作用的简短报告

IF 3.7 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100356

Benjamin Bonenti , Cheneal Puljević , Vigorous Steve , Jason Ferris , Emma Davies , Monica J. Barratt , Adam Winstock , Etienne Grobler , Kyle T. Ganson , Lauren Ball , Timothy Piatkowski

Background

Clenbuterol, while not classified as an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS), is commonly used alongside AAS for aesthetic purposes due to its thermogenic effects. Comparisons of its side effect profile relative to AAS remain limited. This study aimed to examine the side effects between participants classified as consuming either AAS and clenbuterol (clenbuterol group) or AAS without clenbuterol (AAS group).

Methods

The sample (N = 1146) was drawn from the 2024 Global Drug Survey, and comprised solely males reporting either AAS only (n = 949), or AAS and clenbuterol (n = 197), in the previous 12 months. Binary logistic regression analyses assessed associations between use of compound type (clenbuterol group vs. AAS group) and four self-reported side effects: negative impact on heart, restlessness/irritability, irrational excitability, and rapid mood fluctuation. Age was included as a covariate in all models.

Results

The clenbuterol group had significantly higher odds of reporting negative impacts on their heart (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.76, p < .001), rapid mood fluctuations (aOR = 1.73, p = .010), and irrational excitability (aOR = 1.61, p = .032) compared to the AAS group. Conversely, clenbuterol consumption was not a significant predictor of restlessness/irritability (aOR = 1.36, p = .122).

Conclusions

Men consuming clenbuterol alongside AAS report higher rates of side effects than those consuming AAS alone. These findings underscore the need for targeted health promotion messaging regarding clenbuterol consumption for physique enhancement.

盐酸克仑特罗虽然不被归类为合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS），但由于其产热作用，通常与AAS一起用于美学目的。相对于AAS，其副作用的比较仍然有限。这项研究的目的是检查被分为服用原子吸收剂和克伦特罗（克伦特罗组）或不服用原子吸收剂（克伦特罗组）的参与者之间的副作用。方法样本（N = 1146）来自2024年全球药物调查，包括在过去12个月内仅报告原子吸收光谱（N = 949）或报告原子吸收光谱和克仑特罗（N = 197）的男性。二元logistic回归分析评估了复合型（盐酸克仑特罗组与AAS组）的使用与四种自我报告的副作用之间的关联：对心脏的负面影响、烦躁不安/易怒、不合理兴奋和情绪快速波动。所有模型都将年龄作为协变量纳入。结果与AAS组相比，克伦特罗组报告对心脏有负面影响的几率（调整优势比[aOR] = 2.76, p < .001）、情绪快速波动（aOR = 1.73, p = 0.010）和不理性兴奋（aOR = 1.61, p = 0.032）显著高于AAS组。相反，瘦肉精的摄入并不是烦躁不安/易怒的显著预测因子（aOR = 1.36, p = 0.122）。结论服用盐酸克仑特罗同时服用AAS的男性副作用发生率高于单独服用AAS的男性。这些发现强调了有针对性的健康促进信息的必要性，这些信息是关于服用瘦肉精以增强体质的。

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引用次数: 0

Social network exposure and sociodemographic factors associated with intentions to use anabolic-androgenic steroids 社会网络暴露和社会人口因素与使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇的意向有关

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100357

Kyle T. Ganson , Alexander Testa , Timothy Piatkowski , Jason M. Nagata

Objectives

This study aimed to examine 1) perceived anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use within the social networks of non-consumers, 2) the intentions to use AAS among non-consumers, including the sociodemographic predictors of intentions to use, and 3) whether perceived AAS use within one’s social network is associated with intentions to use.

Methods

Data from 1515 boys and men from Canada and the United States were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to describe perceived AAS use within the social networks of participants and their intentions to use AAS. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the sociodemographic associations with intentions to use AAS and whether perceived AAS use within one’s social network is associated with AAS use intentions.

Results

Over one third (34.9 %) of participants reported perceiving any individual in their social network who uses AAS, while intentions to use AAS were relatively weak. Participants who identified as multi-racial were associated with stronger intentions to use AAS, while those who identified as gay or had a master’s degree or higher were associated with weaker intentions to use. Participants who perceived anyone in their social network who used AAS were associated with stronger intentions to use themselves.

Conclusion

These findings provide novel insights into AAS use within the social networks of a large, diverse, and international sample of boys and men, and their intentions to use. Prevention efforts should focus on boys and men who identify as multi-racial and who have individuals in their social network who use AAS.

本研究旨在研究1)非消费者社交网络中合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）的使用情况，2)非消费者使用AAS的意图，包括使用意图的社会人口预测因素，以及3)社交网络中AAS的使用是否与使用意图相关。方法对来自加拿大和美国的1515名男孩和男性的数据进行分析。描述性统计用于描述参与者在社会网络中感知到的AAS使用情况以及他们使用AAS的意图。使用线性回归分析来确定社会人口学与AAS使用意图的关联，以及在一个人的社会网络中感知到的AAS使用是否与AAS使用意图相关。结果超过三分之一（34.9%）的参与者报告认为他们的社交网络中有任何个人使用AAS，而使用AAS的意愿相对较弱。被认为是多种族的参与者使用AAS的意愿更强，而那些被认为是同性恋或拥有硕士学位或更高学历的参与者使用AAS的意愿更弱。那些认为自己的社交网络中有人在使用AAS的参与者更倾向于使用自己。这些发现提供了关于AAS在一个大的、多样化的、国际性的男孩和男人的社会网络中的使用情况，以及他们使用AAS的意图的新见解。预防工作应侧重于那些被认为是多种族的男孩和男性，以及他们的社交网络中有人使用AAS。

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引用次数: 0

Integrative self-regulation model for sport and exercise: Theory and implications for comprehensive training 运动与锻炼的综合自我调节模型：理论与综合训练的启示

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100350

Alexander T. Latinjak

Self-regulation is essential in sport and exercise, enabling athletes to manage emotions, motivation, and performance under pressure. However, research remains fragmented, often isolating aspects such as self-control, coping, and emotion regulation without integrating them into a cohesive framework. This paper introduces the Integrative Self-Regulation Model for Sport and Exercise, which unifies these processes to provide a structured yet adaptable approach to self-regulation training. The model consists of four core components: self-awareness and motivation for change, strategy selection, self-regulatory behaviours, and mental control, emphasizing the ability to regulate self-regulation by continuously monitoring and refining strategies. Despite its importance, self-regulation is prone to failure. Excessive self-awareness can lead to over-analysis and negative self-judgment, poor strategy selection may result in maladaptive coping, and overuse of mental control can cause cognitive fatigue. These pitfalls highlight the need for systematic training to develop adaptive, flexible, and context-sensitive strategies. To bridge theory and practice, the article presents a comprehensive checklist for self-regulation training and suggests evidence-based methods aligned with different aspects of the model. It offers a conceptual framework for studying self-regulation in sport and exercise, guiding both research and applied interventions to optimize performance and well-being.

自我调节在运动和锻炼中是必不可少的，它使运动员能够在压力下管理情绪、动力和表现。然而，研究仍然是碎片化的，往往孤立的方面，如自我控制，应对和情绪调节没有整合到一个有凝聚力的框架。本文介绍了运动和锻炼的综合自我调节模型，该模型将这些过程统一起来，提供了一种结构化但适应性强的自我调节训练方法。该模型由四个核心部分组成：自我意识和改变动机、策略选择、自我调节行为和精神控制，强调通过持续监测和改进策略来调节自我调节的能力。尽管自律很重要，但它很容易失败。过度的自我意识会导致过度分析和消极的自我判断，糟糕的策略选择会导致不适应的应对，过度使用精神控制会导致认知疲劳。这些陷阱突出了系统培训的必要性，以开发适应性强、灵活和环境敏感的策略。为了将理论与实践相结合，本文提出了一份全面的自我调节培训清单，并提出了与该模型的不同方面相一致的循证方法。它为研究运动和锻炼中的自我调节提供了一个概念框架，指导研究和应用干预措施，以优化表现和健康。

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引用次数: 0

Psychophysiological profiling of elite cricket athletes 优秀板球运动员的心理生理特征分析

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100349

Asia Joseph , Michael Waller , Trey Watson , Tiberio Garza , Marcelo Bigliassi

Identifying optimal psychophysiological states and developing individualized profiles can enhance emotion regulation and reduce performance variability in cricket athletes. This study examined the relationship between psychophysiological states and performance accuracy in 36 elite fast bowlers across four experimental conditions, resulting in 144 observations. Heart rate variability (HRV) and affective states, measured via the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), were recorded before and after accuracy-based tasks. Self-selected sensory interventions were applied prior to each over to regulate psychophysiological arousal and evoke targeted emotional responses. A Support Vector Regression (SVR) model, incorporating direction-aware distance features and evaluated with leave-one-participant-out cross-validation, emerged as the best-performing approach (R² = 0.282). This method accounted for individual differences by rescaling RMSSD values within participants and weighting deviations from personally “optimal” psychophysiological states. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis further highlighted RMSSD distance and affect-based features as primary predictors of performance. These findings underscore the importance of personalized strategies for psychophysiological regulation, suggesting that traditional one-size-fits-all approaches may overlook crucial individual nuances. Overall, the results demonstrate how precise, data-driven interventions could potentially enhance consistency and precision in high-pressure sporting environments.

识别最佳的心理生理状态和发展个性化的档案可以增强情绪调节和减少表现变异性在板球运动员。本研究考察了36名优秀快速投球运动员在四种实验条件下的心理生理状态与表现准确性之间的关系，得出了144项观察结果。通过自我评估模型（SAM）测量的心率变异性（HRV）和情感状态，在基于准确性的任务之前和之后被记录下来。自我选择的感官干预被应用于每一场比赛之前，以调节心理生理唤醒和唤起有针对性的情绪反应。采用支持向量回归（SVR）模型，结合了方向感知距离特征，并通过留一个参与者的交叉验证进行评估，成为表现最好的方法（R²= 0.282）。该方法通过重新调整参与者的RMSSD值和个人“最佳”心理生理状态的加权偏差来解释个体差异。SHAP （SHapley Additive explanation）分析进一步强调RMSSD距离和基于影响的特征是性能的主要预测因子。这些发现强调了个性化心理生理调节策略的重要性，表明传统的一刀切方法可能忽略了关键的个体细微差别。总的来说，研究结果表明，精确的、数据驱动的干预措施可能会提高高压运动环境中的一致性和准确性。

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引用次数: 0

“Big-blast, little-blast”: Risk neutralization strategies for sustaining masculinity by older men who use anabolic androgenic steroids (OMAAS) “大爆炸，小爆炸”：使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇（OMAAS）的老年男性维持男子气概的风险中和策略

IF 3.7 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100382

Evelyn Hearne , Amanda Atkinson , Jim McVeigh , Ian Boardley , Vivian D. Hope , Marie Claire Van Hout

UK research in the past decade has indicated the emergence of a cohort older men who use anabolic androgenic steroids (OMAAS), with studies suggesting OMAAS are motivated to use for aesthetics, performance enhancement, to combat the effects of ageing, and for perceived testosterone replacement therapy associated with wellbeing. Currently, there is a lack of information on the experiences and perspectives of harm reduction workers who support OMAAS at needle and syringe programmes in the UK. Semi-structured in-depth interviews (N = 13) with harm reduction workers were conducted to explore their experiences of engagement with OMAAS and how they view their healthcare and support needs.

The analysis generated four key themes with subthemes: 1) AAS Use Patterns of Older Men Accessing Healthcare Services; 2) Motivations for AAS Use; 3) Adverse Health Effects; 4) and Healthcare Responses to OMAAS. Two higher levels of abstraction centred on ‘risk neutralization’ and ‘masculinity’ were identified above the theme level and were described by all harm reduction workers in distinct ways throughout the findings. They focused on scapegoating, self-confidence, and risk comparison as strategies to uphold masculine values and identity through AAS use.

The findings are useful in informing AAS specific training for harm reduction workers, medical and healthcare professionals, and age-appropriate healthcare and treatment pathways specific to the needs of OMAAS who engage in risk neutralization techniques to conform to traditional masculine norms. There is a need for accessible, adequate, non-judgemental AAS-specific treatment and care pathways for OMAAS. Needle and syringe programmes should be developed to implement and evaluate interventions such as blood testing, cardiac monitoring, substance testing, and rapid access and referral pathways for medical support. Medical professionals and harm reduction workers at needle and syringe programmes are urged to address issues with OMAAS’ perceptions of masculinity to help prevent and encourage safer use.

英国过去十年的研究表明，出现了一群使用合成代谢雄激素类固醇（OMAAS）的老年男性，研究表明，OMAAS被用于美学、提高表现、对抗衰老的影响，以及与健康相关的睾酮替代疗法。目前，在英国的针头和注射器规划中，缺乏关于支持OMAAS的减少伤害工作者的经验和观点的信息。对减少伤害工作者进行了半结构化的深度访谈（N = 13），以探讨他们参与OMAAS的经历以及他们如何看待自己的医疗保健和支持需求。分析产生了四个关键主题和子主题：1)老年男性获得医疗服务的AAS使用模式；2)使用AAS的动机；3)对健康的不良影响；4)和医疗保健对OMAAS的响应。以“风险中和”和“男子气概”为中心的两个更高层次的抽象概念被确定在主题层面之上，并且在整个研究结果中被所有减少伤害的工作者以不同的方式描述。他们将替罪羊、自信和风险比较作为通过使用AAS来维护男性价值观和身份的策略。研究结果有助于为从事风险中和技术以符合传统男性规范的OMAAS提供针对减少伤害工作人员、医疗和保健专业人员的具体培训，以及适合年龄的医疗保健和治疗途径。有必要为OMAAS提供可获得的、充分的、非判断性的aas特异性治疗和护理途径。应当制定针头和注射器方案，以实施和评价诸如血液检测、心脏监测、物质检测以及快速获得和转诊医疗支持途径等干预措施。敦促针头和注射器方案的医疗专业人员和减少伤害工作人员解决与奥巴马政府对男子气概的看法有关的问题，以帮助预防和鼓励更安全地使用。

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引用次数: 0

Technologies of and for performance: A frame analysis of recreational runners' technology use 技术与性能：休闲跑步者技术使用的框架分析

IF 3.7 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100384

Lauri Palsa, Pekka Mertala

This study explores recreational runners' use of digital technologies by applying Goffman's frame analysis. The research question is: from which frames recreational runners approach technology use. The objective is twofold: First, we aim to move beyond the dominant reductive approach of userism and provide a more comprehensive understanding of recreational runners' relationships with digital technologies. Second, by approaching the concept of digital technology inclusively, we seek to elaborate on scholarly knowledge related to technology convergence, that is, the spillover and blending of technologies, in recreational sports. The data consist of qualitative online survey responses from 1011 runners and were analyzed via abductive content analysis. As a result, we identified three dispositional frames (running for training, health and recreation, and sociality) and three technological frames (technology as verificator, motivator, and safeguard), the combinations of which highlight the often multifaceted, layered, and situational relationship people have with recreational running and technology use.

本研究运用Goffman的框架分析法，探讨休闲跑者对数位科技的使用。研究的问题是：休闲跑步者从哪个框架开始使用技术。我们的目标是双重的：首先，我们的目标是超越用户主义的主要还原方法，并提供对休闲跑步者与数字技术之间关系的更全面的理解。其次，通过包容性地接近数字技术的概念，我们试图阐述与技术融合相关的学术知识，即娱乐体育中的技术溢出和融合。数据包括来自1011名跑步者的定性在线调查回应，并通过溯因内容分析进行分析。因此，我们确定了三种性格框架（为训练而跑步、健康和娱乐以及社交）和三种技术框架（技术作为验证者、激励者和保障者），它们的组合突出了人们与休闲跑步和技术使用之间的多面、分层和情境关系。

引用次数: 0

Levelling up esports research: Mapping the past, present, and future of a thriving digital arena 升级电子竞技研究：描绘一个蓬勃发展的数字竞技场的过去、现在和未来

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100354

Fernando Navarro-Lucena , Sebastian Molinillo , Rafael Anaya-Sánchez , Francisco Muñoz-Leiva

Electronic sports, or esports, is a rapidly expanding industry. While esports are relatively new, their attractiveness has provoked significant scientific production. The objectives of the present study are to identify the topics that have been analysed to date, the advances that have taken place in knowledge of the activity, the emerging trends and to propose future research directions. A bibliometric analysis of the relevant scientific production was undertaken through performance and co-word analyses of a database of the 1,097 articles published on esports and indexed in Scopus. The results identified six major thematic esports-related research areas: live streaming, marketing, gender, gambling, health and sports in general. Future research might examine the motivations for watching live streamings, their commercial exploitation by sponsoring companies, the possible relationship between esports and gambling and how the consumption/practise of esports affects health.

电子竞技是一个迅速发展的产业。虽然电子竞技相对较新，但其吸引力已经引发了大量的科学研究。本研究的目的是确定迄今为止已分析的主题，在活动知识方面取得的进展，新出现的趋势，并提出未来的研究方向。通过对发表在电子竞技领域并在Scopus中检索的1097篇文章的数据库进行绩效和共词分析，对相关科学成果进行了文献计量学分析。结果确定了与电子竞技相关的六个主要专题研究领域：直播、营销、性别、赌博、健康和一般体育。未来的研究可能会考察观看直播的动机、赞助公司对其的商业利用、电子竞技与赌博之间的可能关系，以及电子竞技的消费/实践如何影响健康。

引用次数: 0

Gaming for fuel: A content analysis of energy drink advertising in esports 以游戏为燃料：电子竞技中能量饮料广告的内容分析

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100351

Geremy Kerr, Haozhou Pu, Jennifer Dalton, Corinne Daprano

The rise of esports has drawn major energy drink brands such as Monster, Red Bull, and G Fuel, which strongly promote their products for boosting gaming performance. Their aggressive promotion however raises concerns about health risks, such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and sleep disturbances linked to caffeine, sugar, and other stimulants. Despite the prevalence of energy drinks in esports, little research examines their advertising strategies. This study explores key themes and advertising strategies used in video advertisements such as persuasive appeals, peripheral and central messaging routes, and social norms and expected outcomes. Peripheral cues, such as vivid imagery and celebrity endorsements, were consistently utilized across advertisements, while central route cues, like product details, were less commonly emphasized. Subjective norms, including endorsements from gaming influencers, played a significant role in promoting social acceptance. A large majority of advertisements focused on portraying a "cool" and "trendy" image to resonate with their target audience. The findings reveal the alignment of energy drink marketing with esports culture but raise ethical concerns due to the omission of health risks. These methods are akin to alcohol and tobacco advertising and may promote excessive consumption among young gamers. Collaboration between esports stakeholders and public health professionals is essential to advocate for ethical marketing, consumer education, and regulatory oversight to mitigate health risks.

电子竞技的兴起吸引了Monster、红牛（Red Bull）和G Fuel等主要能量饮料品牌，它们大力宣传自己的产品能提高游戏表现。然而，它们的积极推广引发了人们对健康风险的担忧，比如心脏病、高血压、咖啡因、糖和其他兴奋剂引起的睡眠障碍。尽管能量饮料在电子竞技中很流行，但很少有研究调查它们的广告策略。本研究探讨了视频广告中使用的关键主题和广告策略，如说服性呼吁、外围和中心信息传递路线、社会规范和预期结果。外围线索，如生动的形象和名人代言，在广告中一直被使用，而中心路线线索，如产品细节，则不太常被强调。主观规范，包括来自游戏影响者的认可，在促进社会接受方面发挥了重要作用。绝大多数广告都专注于塑造一个“酷”和“时髦”的形象，以引起目标受众的共鸣。研究结果揭示了能量饮料营销与电子竞技文化的一致性，但由于忽略了健康风险，引发了道德问题。这些方法类似于烟酒广告，可能会促使年轻玩家过度消费。电子竞技利益相关者与公共卫生专业人员之间的合作对于倡导道德营销、消费者教育和监管监督以减轻健康风险至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Jet lag and player wellbeing in esports: A call for research in the counter-strike scene 电子竞技中的时差和玩家健康：反恐精英场景的研究呼吁

IF 3.7 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100368

Sidney V. Irwin, Anjum Naweed, Michele Lastella

This article addresses growing concerns of jet lag and its potential impact on esports performance in the Counter-Strike scene. Pre-COVID, this esports scene experienced an oversaturation of tournaments, leading to frequent travel and sleep disruption for players. However, recent developments in 2025 may pave the way for a return of this oversaturation to affect player health and competition outcomes. Research in conventional sports has a long tradition of examining the impacts of transmeridian travel, yet data remains virtually non-existent in esports literature. Given the demand for unique cognitions in professional esports such as intense focus, rapid decision-making, and high mental acuity, players could be severely impacted by disrupted sleep. This article calls for research on how jet lag affects esports athletes and urges the industry to consider players’ mental and physical well-being as they navigate the pressures of international competition.

这篇文章讨论了人们日益关注的时差问题及其对《反恐精英》场景中电子竞技表现的潜在影响。在新冠疫情之前，电子竞技领域经历了比赛的过度饱和，导致玩家频繁旅行和睡眠中断。然而，2025年的最新发展可能会为这种过度饱和的回归铺平道路，从而影响球员的健康和比赛结果。传统体育领域的研究长期以来一直在研究跨子午线旅行的影响，但电子竞技文献中几乎没有相关数据。考虑到职业电竞对高度专注、快速决策和高度精神敏锐度等独特认知的需求，选手们可能会受到睡眠中断的严重影响。这篇文章呼吁研究时差对电竞运动员的影响，并敦促行业考虑运动员在应对国际比赛压力时的身心健康。

引用次数: 0

From supplements to steroids: Substance use and the discourse of self-management in dominant bodybuilding culture 从补充剂到类固醇：物质使用和自我管理的话语在主流健身文化

IF 3.7 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100365

Dimitrios Liokaftos

The vast array of methods promoted in a deeply commodified US bodybuilding and fitness culture includes the use of various substances. From nutritional supplements to anabolic steroids, the use of such substances has been shown to be primarily practiced not in the contained world of elite sport competition but amongst the general population. Ranging from gym-goers to clients of anti-ageing clinics, ordinary citizens have increasingly come to understand their use of such substances in terms of enhanced well-being, an indispensable technology for achieving higher standards of fitness, ability, and health. As a consequence, lobbying against State attempts to regulate such substances is put forth precisely as a defence of the right to self-govern one's own body, health, and life more generally. Focusing on the US context of the 1990s-2000s, the present paper looks at high-profile cases of regulation of such substances and the corresponding reactions inside bodybuilding culture. The latter I draw on in its capacity as an extreme yet symbolically crucial faction of the broader fitness culture that relentlessly emphasises individual responsibility and self-discipline. Ultimately, I will attempt to show how the very definition of health is not a static given but rather a core stake in these debates, as well as how the discourse of self-management is implicated in negotiating individual and group identities.

在高度商品化的美国健美和健身文化中，推广了大量的方法，包括使用各种物质。从营养补充剂到合成代谢类固醇，这些物质的使用已被证明主要不是在精英体育比赛的封闭世界中，而是在普通人群中。从健身房的常客到抗衰老诊所的顾客，普通公民越来越多地认识到，他们使用这些物质是为了增强健康，这是达到更高标准的健身、能力和健康所不可或缺的技术。因此，游说反对国家管制这类物质的企图，恰恰是为了捍卫对自己的身体、健康和更普遍的生活进行自治的权利。本文以20世纪90年代至21世纪初的美国为背景，研究了这类物质监管的高调案例，以及健美文化中相应的反应。后者是更广泛的健身文化中一个极端但具有重要象征意义的派别，它坚持不懈地强调个人责任和自律。最后，我将试图展示健康的定义如何不是一个静态的给定，而是这些辩论的核心利害关系，以及自我管理的话语如何涉及个人和群体身份的谈判。

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引用次数: 0