Performance enhancement and health最新文献

Banned for doping: Using composite vignettes to portray rugby players’ experiences of anti-doping rule violations

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100334

Justin D. Hall, Laurie B. Patterson, Susan H. Backhouse

Objective: Understanding the lived experiences of athletes who have been sanctioned for violating anti-doping rules presents the opportunity to listen and learn. Yet, the academic field seldom draws on the voices of those affected when considering doping in sport. Our aim was to illuminate important aspects of sanctioned athletes’ experiences and highlight opportunities for prevention and rehabilitation. Design: A semi-structured interview research design was used, and data informed the development of composite vignettes, a form of creative non-fiction. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two elite rugby players sanctioned for violating the anti-doping rules within rugby league (n = 1) and rugby union (n = 1). Three composite vignettes were created illuminating player experiences before, during and after the violations. Findings: The vignettes highlight in participants’ own words the multiple impacts of sport demands and drug use: (1) Leading up to the violation: ‘You're just treading water, you're surviving’ (2) ‘There's just this massive amount of social pressure in rugby, not just on the game, but on who you're supposed to be’ (3) ‘It was like being hit by a train’. The ADRV aftermath. Conclusions: The role of social identity in the transitions experienced by a rugby player following a critical incident (e.g., serious injury) was a key influencing factor for doping. Alongside addressing the demands of the sport, the need for early intervention and evidence-based support for players experiencing critical incidents (e.g., injury) and transitions was evident to prevent doping violations.

{"title":"Banned for doping: Using composite vignettes to portray rugby players’ experiences of anti-doping rule violations","authors":"Justin D. Hall, Laurie B. Patterson, Susan H. Backhouse","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Objective:</em> Understanding the lived experiences of athletes who have been sanctioned for violating anti-doping rules presents the opportunity to listen and learn. Yet, the academic field seldom draws on the voices of those affected when considering doping in sport. Our aim was to illuminate important aspects of sanctioned athletes’ experiences and highlight opportunities for prevention and rehabilitation. <em>Design:</em> A semi-structured interview research design was used, and data informed the development of composite vignettes, a form of creative non-fiction. <em>Method:</em> Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two elite rugby players sanctioned for violating the anti-doping rules within rugby league (<em>n</em> = 1) and rugby union (<em>n</em> = 1). Three composite vignettes were created illuminating player experiences before, during and after the violations. <em>Findings:</em> The vignettes highlight in participants’ own words the multiple impacts of sport demands and drug use: (1) <em>Leading up to the violation: ‘You're just treading water, you're surviving’</em> (2) <em>‘There's just this massive amount of social pressure in rugby, not just on the game, but on who you're supposed to be’</em> (3) <em>‘It was like being hit by a train’. The ADRV aftermath. Conclusions:</em> The role of social identity in the transitions experienced by a rugby player following a critical incident (e.g., serious injury) was a key influencing factor for doping. Alongside addressing the demands of the sport, the need for early intervention and evidence-based support for players experiencing critical incidents (e.g., injury) and transitions was evident to prevent doping violations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Social media as a driver of physical activity: A snapshot from sport sciences students

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100331

Samuel López-Carril , Deukmook Bae , Tiago Ribeiro , Mario Alguacil

Social media has become integral to daily life. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these digital tools enabled people to maintain physical activity at home despite restrictions, positively impacting public health. This study examines whether the trend of using social media to support physical activity has continued post-pandemic. A questionnaire was administered to 251 university sport sciences students to gauge their perceptions of social media's role in guiding and promoting physical activity. The findings indicate that participants engage with social media daily, viewing platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok as valuable for visualizing and promoting physical activity. However, they report a lack of professional training in social media use at the university level. These results carry practical implications for health policymakers, educational institutions, faculty, students, and sport industry professionals, highlighting the importance of targeted training in social media management and the development of relevant policies to harness the potential of social media in promoting physical activity.

{"title":"Social media as a driver of physical activity: A snapshot from sport sciences students","authors":"Samuel López-Carril , Deukmook Bae , Tiago Ribeiro , Mario Alguacil","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social media has become integral to daily life. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these digital tools enabled people to maintain physical activity at home despite restrictions, positively impacting public health. This study examines whether the trend of using social media to support physical activity has continued post-pandemic. A questionnaire was administered to 251 university sport sciences students to gauge their perceptions of social media's role in guiding and promoting physical activity. The findings indicate that participants engage with social media daily, viewing platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok as valuable for visualizing and promoting physical activity. However, they report a lack of professional training in social media use at the university level. These results carry practical implications for health policymakers, educational institutions, faculty, students, and sport industry professionals, highlighting the importance of targeted training in social media management and the development of relevant policies to harness the potential of social media in promoting physical activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protein powders, painkillers, and pleasure: Reasons for exercise and the use of dietary supplements and analgesics among recreational half-marathoners

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100332

Remco C. Havermans , Jos L.M.L. le Noble , Ilse van Lier

The primary aim of the current study was to explore associations between reasons for running exercise and the use of nutritional supplements and analgesics among recreational half-marathoners. In a sample of 80 participants of the Venloop half marathon public running event, we determined the most important reason(s) for running exercise and assessed whether that reason is correlated with the use of analgesics and/or supplements. Further, we hypothesized that the degree of supplement use predicts the use of analgesics with running exercise. The most prominent reason for running was enjoyment and that did not correlate with either analgesic or supplement use. Overall supplement use incidence was high (93 %) but degree of supplement use did not predict the use of analgesics with exercise. We conclude that the widespread use of supplements is not analogous to using analgesics before/during a run. Nonetheless, recreational runners would benefit from more evidence-based information on safe and sensible use of both supplements and analgesics.

{"title":"Protein powders, painkillers, and pleasure: Reasons for exercise and the use of dietary supplements and analgesics among recreational half-marathoners","authors":"Remco C. Havermans , Jos L.M.L. le Noble , Ilse van Lier","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary aim of the current study was to explore associations between reasons for running exercise and the use of nutritional supplements and analgesics among recreational half-marathoners. In a sample of 80 participants of the Venloop half marathon public running event, we determined the most important reason(s) for running exercise and assessed whether that reason is correlated with the use of analgesics and/or supplements. Further, we hypothesized that the degree of supplement use predicts the use of analgesics with running exercise. The most prominent reason for running was enjoyment and that did not correlate with either analgesic or supplement use. Overall supplement use incidence was high (93 %) but degree of supplement use did not predict the use of analgesics with exercise. We conclude that the widespread use of supplements is not analogous to using analgesics before/during a run. Nonetheless, recreational runners would benefit from more evidence-based information on safe and sensible use of both supplements and analgesics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introducing SPARK: A pilot study of a sport-specific, pragmatic, and athlete-centred values-based anti-doping education workshop

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100330

Andrea Petróczi , Sam N Thrower , Cornelia Blank

The provision of values-based education (VbE) for elite athletes, as required by WADA's International Standard for Education, presents challenges which are related to the developmental stage of learners, delivery methods, content design, and resource availability. To address these challenges, we developed and piloted SPARK, a 90-minute, evidence-based, in-person workshop for elite athletes. SPARK combines value-education and values-based education to enhance athletes' awareness of personal values, sensemaking, and decision-making autonomy, complementing anti-doping education. This pilot study included two international groups of young elite biathletes (54 in 2023 and 51 in 2024). Standardized evaluations were conducted pre- and post-intervention (n = 19 and n = 10, respectively), with feedback collected from 48 athletes. Paired pre- and post-workshop assessments demonstrated effect sizes ranging from small (i.e., noticeable) to medium (i.e., practically meaningful) in self-awareness of value priorities (d=0.37, p=0.06), efficacy in processing and managing personal and societal values (d=0.39, p=0.04), handling value conflicts (d=0.37, p=0.06), and using personal values to guide decision-making about sport and performance enhancement (d=0.42, p=0.03). Results suggest SPARK is feasible, effective, and well-received by athletes.

{"title":"Introducing SPARK: A pilot study of a sport-specific, pragmatic, and athlete-centred values-based anti-doping education workshop","authors":"Andrea Petróczi , Sam N Thrower , Cornelia Blank","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The provision of values-based education (VbE) for elite athletes, as required by WADA's International Standard for Education, presents challenges which are related to the developmental stage of learners, delivery methods, content design, and resource availability. To address these challenges, we developed and piloted SPARK, a 90-minute, evidence-based, in-person workshop for elite athletes. SPARK combines value-education and values-based education to enhance athletes' awareness of personal values, sensemaking, and decision-making autonomy, complementing anti-doping education. This pilot study included two international groups of young elite biathletes (54 in 2023 and 51 in 2024). Standardized evaluations were conducted pre- and post-intervention (<em>n</em> = 19 and <em>n</em> = 10, respectively), with feedback collected from 48 athletes. Paired pre- and post-workshop assessments demonstrated effect sizes ranging from small (i.e., noticeable) to medium (i.e., practically meaningful) in self-awareness of value priorities (d=0.37, p=0.06), efficacy in processing and managing personal and societal values (d=0.39, p=0.04), handling value conflicts (d=0.37, p=0.06), and using personal values to guide decision-making about sport and performance enhancement (d=0.42, p=0.03). Results suggest SPARK is feasible, effective, and well-received by athletes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anything but androgens: How image and performance enhancing drug consumers manage body composition and health through off-label use of medicines 除了雄激素，什么都可以：形象和表现提升药物消费者如何通过标示外用药管理身体成分和健康

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100329

Timothy Piatkowski , Kim Akrigg , Luke Cox , Adam Bradshaw , Steve Vigorous

Introduction

This exploratory study investigates the diverse behavioural practices surrounding the use of non-androgenic image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) among individuals who seek to optimise their body composition. Participants engaged in stacking various substances, often leading to polypharmacy, which complicates the (im)balance between achieving desired physical attributes and maintaining health.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 participants, predominantly men (n = 13) and one woman, aged 25–45 years (M = 33.34, SD = 6.27). The interviews explored their experiences with non-androgenic substances such as human growth hormone (HGH), insulin, and metformin, focusing on the strategic integration of these drugs into their routines and their motivations for use. Iterative categorisation was employed to identify key themes, including risk management, perceptions of efficacy, and the role of peer networks in shaping usage practices.

Results

The research highlights how participants employed these non-androgenic substances to manage calorie intake and enhance insulin sensitivity. The cohort reported that this facilitated a more controlled approach to body composition while mitigating the physiological stress associated with high androgen use.

Discussion

The study highlights ethnopharmacology's significance within the IPED community, showing how people navigate drug regimens based on experiential knowledge. While participants noted potential benefits, they also expressed challenges relating to medication access, underscoring the need for improved availability through legitimate channels. This research ultimately advocates for and reinforces the need to recognise people who use IPEDs as knowledgeable agents in health management, informing more effective harm reduction strategies tailored to the complexities of IPED use.

{"title":"Anything but androgens: How image and performance enhancing drug consumers manage body composition and health through off-label use of medicines","authors":"Timothy Piatkowski , Kim Akrigg , Luke Cox , Adam Bradshaw , Steve Vigorous","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This exploratory study investigates the diverse behavioural practices surrounding the use of non-androgenic image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) among individuals who seek to optimise their body composition. Participants engaged in stacking various substances, often leading to polypharmacy, which complicates the (im)balance between achieving desired physical attributes and maintaining health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 participants, predominantly men (<em>n</em> = 13) and one woman, aged 25–45 years (M = 33.34, <em>SD</em> = 6.27). The interviews explored their experiences with non-androgenic substances such as human growth hormone (HGH), insulin, and metformin, focusing on the strategic integration of these drugs into their routines and their motivations for use. Iterative categorisation was employed to identify key themes, including risk management, perceptions of efficacy, and the role of peer networks in shaping usage practices.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The research highlights how participants employed these non-androgenic substances to manage calorie intake and enhance insulin sensitivity. The cohort reported that this facilitated a more controlled approach to body composition while mitigating the physiological stress associated with high androgen use.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The study highlights ethnopharmacology's significance within the IPED community, showing how people navigate drug regimens based on experiential knowledge. While participants noted potential benefits, they also expressed challenges relating to medication access, underscoring the need for improved availability through legitimate channels. This research ultimately advocates for and reinforces the need to recognise people who use IPEDs as knowledgeable agents in health management, informing more effective harm reduction strategies tailored to the complexities of IPED use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 2","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epistemic racism in anti-doping research: A call for critical awareness

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100300

Jonathan Ruwuya , Byron Omwando Juma , Rekha Janarthanan , Jules Woolf

The anti-doping movement is presented with significant challenges, including high-profile inter-agency disputes, claims of inconsistent application of the WADA Code, institutionalized doping, and the emergence of doping-permissive movements. Amid these issues lies a less recognized yet crucial issue of epistemic racism, which can undermine global anti-doping initiatives. Epistemic racism, rooted in culturally biased systems of knowledge production, often privileges Western perspectives while relegating non-Western perspectives. Such bias can perpetuate racial stereotypes and affect anti-doping research and policy implementation. This Commentary explores the concept of epistemic racism, its manifestations, and strategies for mitigation within anti-doping research. A case example of a recent publication is presented to demonstrate how epistemic racism can go undetected and unchallenged, potentially reproducing and reinforcing outdated stereotypes. Overlooked, epistemic racism can have profound ramifications, including deterring aspiring scholars from developing countries, distorting anti-doping policies, and reinforcing racial stereotypes. To counteract this, it is essential to educate researchers on racial biases, adapt methodologies to reduce these biases and increase the inclusion and representation of scholars from developing countries in research and editorial roles. Such measures may foster a more inclusive research environment and directly inform practice, helping anti-doping research and practice become more critically aware.

{"title":"Epistemic racism in anti-doping research: A call for critical awareness","authors":"Jonathan Ruwuya , Byron Omwando Juma , Rekha Janarthanan , Jules Woolf","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anti-doping movement is presented with significant challenges, including high-profile inter-agency disputes, claims of inconsistent application of the WADA Code, institutionalized doping, and the emergence of doping-permissive movements. Amid these issues lies a less recognized yet crucial issue of epistemic racism, which can undermine global anti-doping initiatives. Epistemic racism, rooted in culturally biased systems of knowledge production, often privileges Western perspectives while relegating non-Western perspectives. Such bias can perpetuate racial stereotypes and affect anti-doping research and policy implementation. This Commentary explores the concept of epistemic racism, its manifestations, and strategies for mitigation within anti-doping research. A case example of a recent publication is presented to demonstrate how epistemic racism can go undetected and unchallenged, potentially reproducing and reinforcing outdated stereotypes. Overlooked, epistemic racism can have profound ramifications, including deterring aspiring scholars from developing countries, distorting anti-doping policies, and reinforcing racial stereotypes. To counteract this, it is essential to educate researchers on racial biases, adapt methodologies to reduce these biases and increase the inclusion and representation of scholars from developing countries in research and editorial roles. Such measures may foster a more inclusive research environment and directly inform practice, helping anti-doping research and practice become more critically aware.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reflections on method, racism, and context and anti-doping research: A commentary response

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100320

Jules Woolf , Jonathan Ruwuya , Byron Omwando Juma , Rekha Janarthanan

This commentary responds to critiques of our earlier work on raising awareness of epistemic racism in anti-doping research. We address our critics through three reflective sections on method, racism, and context. In the first section, we address critiques of our method, by outlining the deliberative process behind our commentary and provide details of our lived experiences. In the second section, we reflect on racism. Far from being a novel concept, epistemic racism has been acknowledged across disciplines, making it relevant for anti-doping scholarship. Moreover, we challenge its dismissal as irrelevant and note that systemic racial biases in knowledge production have long shaped science and policy. Hence, our recommendation for scholars to be racially aware seems pertinent given the academia's ongoing failure to eradicate racial biases. This is further supported by the observation that the recommendation for editorial board representation was assumed tokenism. The third section focuses on context – a term heavily leaned upon but inconsistently and questionably used. We note how the original framing of athletes from developing countries lacking choice, values, and morality was obscured in favor of a new framing that paints the original work as a positive connotation of these athletes. We critique the concept of self-selection bias as a form of blame-shifting that ignores the historical context and consequences of colonialism. By structuring our reflections in this manner, we aim to not only respond to our critics but also to encourage a more inclusive and equitable approach to anti-doping research.

{"title":"Reflections on method, racism, and context and anti-doping research: A commentary response","authors":"Jules Woolf , Jonathan Ruwuya , Byron Omwando Juma , Rekha Janarthanan","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This commentary responds to critiques of our earlier work on raising awareness of epistemic racism in anti-doping research. We address our critics through three reflective sections on method, racism, and context. In the first section, we address critiques of our method, by outlining the deliberative process behind our commentary and provide details of our lived experiences. In the second section, we reflect on racism. Far from being a novel concept, epistemic racism has been acknowledged across disciplines, making it relevant for anti-doping scholarship. Moreover, we challenge its dismissal as irrelevant and note that systemic racial biases in knowledge production have long shaped science and policy. Hence, our recommendation for scholars to be racially aware seems pertinent given the academia's ongoing failure to eradicate racial biases. This is further supported by the observation that the recommendation for editorial board representation was assumed tokenism. The third section focuses on context – a term heavily leaned upon but inconsistently and questionably used. We note how the original framing of athletes from developing countries lacking choice, values, and morality was obscured in favor of a new framing that paints the original work as a positive connotation of these athletes. We critique the concept of self-selection bias as a form of blame-shifting that ignores the historical context and consequences of colonialism. By structuring our reflections in this manner, we aim to not only respond to our critics but also to encourage a more inclusive and equitable approach to anti-doping research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143394934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel wellbeing and repair peptide use in the UK: Netnographic findings 英国新型安康修复肽的使用情况：网络统计结果

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100293

Luke A. Turnock , Evelyn Hearne

Recently, there has been an explosion of interest in synthetic peptides hormones promoted for wellbeing enhancement purposes, including BPC-157, TB-500 and CJC-1295. With these drugs increasingly accessible through online platforms such as e-commerce sites, this research seeks to understand user experiences of taking these drugs, and the ways in which digital forum spaces facilitate the development of a shared folk pharmacology and further indigenous harm reduction.

Data is drawn from a netnography of peptide-related forum posts, encompassing 493 unique threads totalling almost 15,000 posts. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Findings are split into two major sections, encompassing motivations for peptide use, and online folk pharmacology. In the first of these sections, findings explored include: Peptide use for the purposes of injury rehabilitation, including post-surgery recovery; Everyday wellbeing use of peptides, including for anti-ageing, with a particular focus on older men wishing to return to gym training for aesthetic and general health purposes; And the relationship between seeking black market peptides following negative experiences with healthcare providers for wellbeing-related issues.

In the second section, key themes relate to: Community knowledge exchange regarding use, including community distribution of harm reduction information; Community understandings of the limits to utility of peptides, and experiences of product not working as anticipated; And information sharing regarding product quality, and potential harms relating to ‘scam’ sellers and substituted or poor-quality product.

Conclusions show that an emergent folk pharmacology relating to peptides has developed in forum spaces, which informs and encourages use. Many older men appear to be taking peptides for everyday wellbeing purposes, suggesting a need for specific focus on this population in public health work. Issues with healthcare providers appeared to lead users to accessing black market peptides, suggesting specific education for healthcare practitioners around peptides may be important to pursue.

{"title":"Novel wellbeing and repair peptide use in the UK: Netnographic findings","authors":"Luke A. Turnock , Evelyn Hearne","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, there has been an explosion of interest in synthetic peptides hormones promoted for wellbeing enhancement purposes, including BPC-157, TB-500 and CJC-1295. With these drugs increasingly accessible through online platforms such as e-commerce sites, this research seeks to understand user experiences of taking these drugs, and the ways in which digital forum spaces facilitate the development of a shared folk pharmacology and further indigenous harm reduction.</div><div>Data is drawn from a netnography of peptide-related forum posts, encompassing 493 unique threads totalling almost 15,000 posts. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.</div><div>Findings are split into two major sections, encompassing motivations for peptide use, and online folk pharmacology. In the first of these sections, findings explored include: Peptide use for the purposes of injury rehabilitation, including post-surgery recovery; Everyday wellbeing use of peptides, including for anti-ageing, with a particular focus on older men wishing to return to gym training for aesthetic and general health purposes; And the relationship between seeking black market peptides following negative experiences with healthcare providers for wellbeing-related issues.</div><div>In the second section, key themes relate to: Community knowledge exchange regarding use, including community distribution of harm reduction information; Community understandings of the limits to utility of peptides, and experiences of product not working as anticipated; And information sharing regarding product quality, and potential harms relating to ‘scam’ sellers and substituted or poor-quality product.</div><div>Conclusions show that an emergent folk pharmacology relating to peptides has developed in forum spaces, which informs and encourages use. Many older men appear to be taking peptides for everyday wellbeing purposes, suggesting a need for specific focus on this population in public health work. Issues with healthcare providers appeared to lead users to accessing black market peptides, suggesting specific education for healthcare practitioners around peptides may be important to pursue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decoding unintentional doping: A complex systems analysis of supplement use in sport 解码无意使用兴奋剂：对体育运动中使用补充剂的复杂系统分析

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100317

Scott McLean , Matthew Morrison , Mitchell Naughton , Paul M Salmon

Unintentional doping though supplement use is an ongoing issue that has severe professional and personal impacts on athletes. Though the issue is well known, there are key knowledge gaps regarding the role of different stakeholders both in creating and managing unintentional doping. The current study aimed to identify the influential tasks and stakeholders within the Australian sport system that are associated with supplements. A Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) was developed during a subject matter expert workshop (n = 12) to decompose the supplement use in sport ‘system’ into a hierarchical structure of goals, sub-goals, operations, and plans. A task network was developed during the SME workshop and based on the first level sub-goals of the HTA. Network analysis was then applied to determine the interdependency and influence of system tasks and stakeholders. Network metrics included Density, Out-degree centrality, In-degree centrality, Betweenness centrality, Closeness centrality, and Eigenvector centrality. In total, 15 first level sub-goals were identified which were further decomposed into 71 sub-goals and operations. The overall identified goal of athletes taking supplements was to optimise health, performance, recovery, image, and achieve optimal weight. Within this overall goal, numerous tasks are required to be performed including research, manufacturing and regulation of supplements, maintaining clean sport, to the administration of supplements by athletes, to subsequent assessments of their efficacy. The most influential tasks within the system include ‘maintaining clean sport’ by anti-doping authorities, and ‘marketing/advertising’ of supplements by supplement companies. Influential stakeholders within the system included ‘anti-doping agencies’, ‘athlete support personnel’, and ‘sponsors’. The analysis has demonstrated that multiple and varied stakeholders have specific roles to play in preventing unintentional doping. The findings suggest that for the prevention of unintentional doping through supplement use, interventions will need to shift away from the typical focus on athletes and athlete support personnel, to encompass a broader systemic focus.

{"title":"Decoding unintentional doping: A complex systems analysis of supplement use in sport","authors":"Scott McLean , Matthew Morrison , Mitchell Naughton , Paul M Salmon","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unintentional doping though supplement use is an ongoing issue that has severe professional and personal impacts on athletes. Though the issue is well known, there are key knowledge gaps regarding the role of different stakeholders both in creating and managing unintentional doping. The current study aimed to identify the influential tasks and stakeholders within the Australian sport system that are associated with supplements. A Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) was developed during a subject matter expert workshop (n = 12) to decompose the supplement use in sport ‘system’ into a hierarchical structure of goals, sub-goals, operations, and plans. A task network was developed during the SME workshop and based on the first level sub-goals of the HTA. Network analysis was then applied to determine the interdependency and influence of system tasks and stakeholders. Network metrics included Density, Out-degree centrality, In-degree centrality, Betweenness centrality, Closeness centrality, and Eigenvector centrality. In total, 15 first level sub-goals were identified which were further decomposed into 71 sub-goals and operations. The overall identified goal of athletes taking supplements was to optimise health, performance, recovery, image, and achieve optimal weight. Within this overall goal, numerous tasks are required to be performed including research, manufacturing and regulation of supplements, maintaining clean sport, to the administration of supplements by athletes, to subsequent assessments of their efficacy. The most influential tasks within the system include ‘maintaining clean sport’ by anti-doping authorities, and ‘marketing/advertising’ of supplements by supplement companies. Influential stakeholders within the system included ‘anti-doping agencies’, ‘athlete support personnel’, and ‘sponsors’. The analysis has demonstrated that multiple and varied stakeholders have specific roles to play in preventing unintentional doping. The findings suggest that for the prevention of unintentional doping through supplement use, interventions will need to shift away from the typical focus on athletes and athlete support personnel, to encompass a broader systemic focus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From ‘bro, do you even lift?’ to ‘bro, do you even science?’: How the relationship between science and broscience can inform the development of allied image and performance enhancing drug harm reduction

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100291

Mair Underwood

It has long been noted that people who use image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) generate and disseminate their own IPED knowledge, and that it is this knowledge that informs IPED practice, including harm reduction. Described as the ‘ethnopharmacology’, or (borrowing a bodybuilding term), the ‘broscience’, of IPEDs, this knowledge has rarely been explored. IPED broscience has generally been dismissed as dangerous, and as part of the risk environment of IPED use. However, in recent times some academics have recognised the potential of broscience to reduce harm, and thus be part of the enabling environment of IPED use. However, the potential for broscience to reduce harm has not been investigated. This paper, by taking a holistic perspective on broscience and examining it in context, seeks to identify ways that broscience can inform IPED harm reduction. Specifically, it describes the findings of an online ethnographic study of the IPED broscience of enhanced bodybuilders. It asks the questions, ‘why does IPED broscience exist?’, ‘what is IPED broscience?’, and ‘how is IPED broscience generated, disseminated and used?’. But most importantly it asks, what is the relationship between IPED broscience and professional knowledge, and how can understanding broscience guide us forward in our efforts to reduce IPED harm?

{"title":"From ‘bro, do you even lift?’ to ‘bro, do you even science?’: How the relationship between science and broscience can inform the development of allied image and performance enhancing drug harm reduction","authors":"Mair Underwood","doi":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.peh.2024.100291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has long been noted that people who use image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) generate and disseminate their own IPED knowledge, and that it is this knowledge that informs IPED practice, including harm reduction. Described as the ‘ethnopharmacology’, or (borrowing a bodybuilding term), the ‘broscience’, of IPEDs, this knowledge has rarely been explored. IPED broscience has generally been dismissed as dangerous, and as part of the risk environment of IPED use. However, in recent times some academics have recognised the potential of broscience to reduce harm, and thus be part of the enabling environment of IPED use. However, the potential for broscience to reduce harm has not been investigated. This paper, by taking a holistic perspective on broscience and examining it in context, seeks to identify ways that broscience can inform IPED harm reduction. Specifically, it describes the findings of an online ethnographic study of the IPED broscience of enhanced bodybuilders. It asks the questions, ‘why does IPED broscience exist?’, ‘what is IPED broscience?’, and ‘how is IPED broscience generated, disseminated and used?’. But most importantly it asks, what is the relationship between IPED broscience and professional knowledge, and how can understanding broscience guide us forward in our efforts to reduce IPED harm?</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19886,"journal":{"name":"Performance enhancement and health","volume":"13 1","pages":"Article 100291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0