Performance enhancement and health最新文献_第9页

Introducing SPARK: A pilot study of a sport-specific, pragmatic, and athlete-centred values-based anti-doping education workshop 介绍SPARK：一项针对特定运动、务实、以运动员为中心、以价值观为基础的反兴奋剂教育研讨会的试点研究

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100330

Andrea Petróczi , Sam N Thrower , Cornelia Blank

The provision of values-based education (VbE) for elite athletes, as required by WADA's International Standard for Education, presents challenges which are related to the developmental stage of learners, delivery methods, content design, and resource availability. To address these challenges, we developed and piloted SPARK, a 90-minute, evidence-based, in-person workshop for elite athletes. SPARK combines value-education and values-based education to enhance athletes' awareness of personal values, sensemaking, and decision-making autonomy, complementing anti-doping education. This pilot study included two international groups of young elite biathletes (54 in 2023 and 51 in 2024). Standardized evaluations were conducted pre- and post-intervention (n = 19 and n = 10, respectively), with feedback collected from 48 athletes. Paired pre- and post-workshop assessments demonstrated effect sizes ranging from small (i.e., noticeable) to medium (i.e., practically meaningful) in self-awareness of value priorities (d=0.37, p=0.06), efficacy in processing and managing personal and societal values (d=0.39, p=0.04), handling value conflicts (d=0.37, p=0.06), and using personal values to guide decision-making about sport and performance enhancement (d=0.42, p=0.03). Results suggest SPARK is feasible, effective, and well-received by athletes.

作为世界反兴奋剂机构国际教育标准的要求，为精英运动员提供基于价值观的教育（VbE），提出了与学习者的发展阶段、交付方法、内容设计和资源可用性相关的挑战。为了应对这些挑战，我们开发并试行了SPARK，这是一个针对精英运动员的90分钟、以证据为基础的面对面研讨会。SPARK将价值观教育与价值观教育相结合，增强运动员的个人价值观意识、意义建构意识和自主决策意识，与反兴奋剂教育形成互补。这项试点研究包括两组年轻的优秀两项运动员（2023年54名，2024年51名）。在干预前和干预后分别进行标准化评估（n = 19和n = 10），收集48名运动员的反馈。配对的研讨会前后评估显示，在价值优先级的自我意识（d=0.37, p=0.06），处理和管理个人和社会价值观的有效性（d=0.39, p=0.04），处理价值观冲突（d=0.37, p=0.06）以及使用个人价值观指导体育和成绩提高决策（d=0.42, p=0.03）方面，效果大小从小（即明显）到中等（即实际有意义）不等。结果表明，SPARK是可行的，有效的，并受到运动员的欢迎。

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引用次数: 0

Anything but androgens: How image and performance enhancing drug consumers manage body composition and health through off-label use of medicines 除了雄激素，什么都可以：形象和表现提升药物消费者如何通过标示外用药管理身体成分和健康

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100329

Timothy Piatkowski , Kim Akrigg , Luke Cox , Adam Bradshaw , Steve Vigorous

Introduction

This exploratory study investigates the diverse behavioural practices surrounding the use of non-androgenic image and performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs) among individuals who seek to optimise their body composition. Participants engaged in stacking various substances, often leading to polypharmacy, which complicates the (im)balance between achieving desired physical attributes and maintaining health.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 participants, predominantly men (n = 13) and one woman, aged 25–45 years (M = 33.34, SD = 6.27). The interviews explored their experiences with non-androgenic substances such as human growth hormone (HGH), insulin, and metformin, focusing on the strategic integration of these drugs into their routines and their motivations for use. Iterative categorisation was employed to identify key themes, including risk management, perceptions of efficacy, and the role of peer networks in shaping usage practices.

Results

The research highlights how participants employed these non-androgenic substances to manage calorie intake and enhance insulin sensitivity. The cohort reported that this facilitated a more controlled approach to body composition while mitigating the physiological stress associated with high androgen use.

Discussion

The study highlights ethnopharmacology's significance within the IPED community, showing how people navigate drug regimens based on experiential knowledge. While participants noted potential benefits, they also expressed challenges relating to medication access, underscoring the need for improved availability through legitimate channels. This research ultimately advocates for and reinforces the need to recognise people who use IPEDs as knowledgeable agents in health management, informing more effective harm reduction strategies tailored to the complexities of IPED use.

本探索性研究调查了在寻求优化其身体成分的个人中使用非雄激素图像和性能增强药物（iped）的各种行为实践。参与者将各种物质堆叠在一起，往往导致多药，这使得实现所需的身体属性和保持健康之间的（不）平衡变得复杂。方法采用半结构化访谈法对14名参与者进行访谈，其中男性为主（n = 13），女性1名，年龄25 ~ 45岁（M = 33.34, SD = 6.27）。访谈探讨了他们使用非雄激素物质（如人类生长激素（HGH）、胰岛素和二甲双胍）的经历，重点是将这些药物纳入日常生活和使用动机的战略整合。采用迭代分类来确定关键主题，包括风险管理、有效性的感知，以及在形成使用实践中的对等网络的作用。结果研究强调了参与者如何使用这些非雄激素物质来控制卡路里摄入和提高胰岛素敏感性。该队列报告称，这有助于更好地控制身体成分，同时减轻与高雄激素使用相关的生理压力。该研究强调了民族药理学在IPED社区中的重要性，展示了人们如何根据经验知识来指导药物方案。虽然与会者指出了潜在的好处，但他们也表达了与获得药物有关的挑战，强调需要通过合法渠道改善药物的可得性。这项研究最终倡导并强调有必要认识到使用IPED的人是健康管理中的知识代理人，为针对IPED使用的复杂性制定更有效的减少伤害战略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

From performance enhancement to health: The role of heat acclimation protocols for protecting vulnerable individuals against heat related illness 从性能增强到健康：热适应协议的作用，以保护脆弱的个人对热相关疾病

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100347

Laura J. Wilson, Luke W. Oates

引用次数: 0

The plastic person: A response to Fry 塑料人：对Fry的回应

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100318

Gregg Twietmeyer

What makes a good coach? How should insights garnered in neuroscience affect coaching, if at all? Does the neuroethics of coaching have purchase? In a book chapter for Robert Simon's anthology “The Ethics of Coaching Sports”, Jeff Fry (2013) argues that, “we stand at the threshold of another scientific revolution” (p. 151). This new revolution is born of our ever-growing understanding of the human brain. According to Fry, it is clear, to those with eyes to see, or should I say those with neurons that fire, that neuroscience deeply impacts our daily lives, including the world of sport. In this paper I take issue with Fry's assertions. In fact, there is no reason to posit that the brain is the person. Brains are a part of the person not the whole person. Changes in the brain always occur in the context of a human life. These changes are personal not merely cerebral. As such, coaches need to be experts in people, not brains.

怎样才能成为一名好教练？在神经科学中获得的见解如何影响教练，如果有的话？教练的神经伦理学有价值吗？在罗伯特·西蒙（Robert Simon）的选集《体育教练伦理》（The Ethics of Coaching Sports）的一章中，杰夫·弗莱（Jeff Fry, 2013）认为，“我们正站在另一场科学革命的门槛上”（第151页）。这场新的革命源于我们对人类大脑不断增长的理解。根据Fry的说法，很明显，对于那些有眼睛看东西的人，或者我应该说那些有神经元的人，神经科学深刻地影响着我们的日常生活，包括体育世界。在本文中，我对弗莱的断言提出异议。事实上，没有理由假设大脑就是人。大脑是人的一部分，而不是整个人。大脑的变化总是发生在人类生活的背景下。这些变化是个人的，而不仅仅是大脑的。因此，教练需要是人的专家，而不是大脑的专家。

引用次数: 0

A qualitative exploration of family physicians and people who use anabolic steroids: Barriers to accessing evidence-based care 对家庭医生和使用合成代谢类固醇的人的定性探索：获得循证护理的障碍

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100319

Jason Kreutz , Michael Potemkin , Harshil Shah , David Lam , Parth Patel , Patricia K. Doyle-Baker

Background

Non-medical anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use poses numerous short and long-term health concerns. Literature has explored the interaction between AAS users and family physicians (FPs); however, there remains a paucity of studies exploring this in the context of the Canadian healthcare system. Further, discussions regarding anabolic steroids online have evolved in recent years with the rise of new social media platforms and information sources, warranting further investigation.

Methods

Participants were recruited through both purposive (professional networks, social media) and snowball sampling (in-person at the gym). Thirteen semi-structured interviews (seven AAS users and six FPs) were digitally conducted and inductively analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Four key themes emerged from the anabolic steroid user interviews: 1) AAS Culture Influences Community Connections, Self-Perceptions, and Welcomes New Members 2) Social Media's Evolving Influence on AAS Use Patterns, Culture, and Misinformation 3) Alternative Sources of AAS Information are Typically Consulted Instead of FPs, and 4) The Stigma of AAS Use Disclosure with FPs. Additionally, a fear of legal consequences served as a barrier to users accessing primary care.

Conclusion

A lack of dedicated resources and specialized medical training on anabolic steroid use currently exists. Both AAS users and FPs agreed that social media has become increasingly influential in the culture surrounding anabolic steroid use. Misinformation was observed regarding anabolic steroid use and this has become a considerable barrier exacerbated by mistrust of healthcare professionals. AAS users continue to feel stigmatized by the healthcare system, perpetuating the siloed nature of this community. Future physician training should focus on trust building and education through a harm-reduction lens.

非医学合成代谢雄激素类固醇（AAS）的使用引起了许多短期和长期的健康问题。文献探讨了AAS用户与家庭医生（FPs）之间的互动；然而，在加拿大医疗保健系统的背景下，仍然缺乏研究来探索这一点。此外，近年来，随着新的社交媒体平台和信息来源的兴起，网上关于合成代谢类固醇的讨论也在不断发展，需要进一步调查。方法通过目的性抽样（专业网络、社交媒体）和滚雪球抽样（亲自到健身房）两种方式招募参与者。13个半结构化访谈（7个AAS用户和6个FPs）采用数字方式进行，并采用主题分析进行归纳分析。结果合成代谢类固醇用户访谈中出现了四个关键主题：1)AAS文化影响社区联系，自我认知，并欢迎新成员；2)社交媒体对AAS使用模式，文化和错误信息的不断发展影响；3)通常会咨询AAS信息的替代来源，而不是FPs； 4) FPs使用AAS披露的耻辱。此外，对法律后果的恐惧阻碍了使用者获得初级保健服务。结论目前在合成代谢类固醇使用方面缺乏专门的资源和专业的医学培训。AAS用户和FPs都认为，社交媒体对合成代谢类固醇使用的影响越来越大。关于合成代谢类固醇使用的错误信息被观察到，这已成为一个相当大的障碍，由于对医疗保健专业人员的不信任而加剧。AAS用户继续感到医疗保健系统的耻辱，使这个社区的孤立性质永久化。未来的医生培训应侧重于通过减少伤害的视角建立信任和教育。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of a sports integrity course for university students 大学生体育诚信课程评价

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100313

G. Daroglou , L. Skoufa , V. Barkoukis , A. Loukovitis

Objectives

The need to combat sport corruption is increasingly growing. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a university course aiming to increase knowledge regarding key sport integrity issues in pre-service coaches, covering sport integrity issues such as match-fixing, doping and whistleblowing.

Methods

Participants were 39 pre-service coaches who underwent a 13-session course involving issues like corruption, good governance, doping, match-fixing, and whistleblowing. The course comprised of interactive lectures combined with practical activities. For the assessment of the courses’ effectiveness participants completed questionnaires pre- and post-course and underwent interviews.

Results

Post-course, coaches exhibited significant improvement in understanding ethics and integrity in sports, especially in corruption and mechanisms for upholding clean sports. In addition, there was an increase in their readiness to address sport irregularities. Nevertheless, there was no observed significant change in attitudes towards the course. There was a positive evaluation for the user-friendliness of the course, and qualitative feedback supported its impact on enhancing knowledge and commitment to sports integrity.

Conclusion

The results of the study underline the potential of a university course in promoting sport integrity among pre-service coaches. In addition, they suggest the need for more interactive and sport-specific approaches in future endeavors.

打击体育腐败的必要性日益增长。本研究的目的是开发和评估大学课程的有效性，该课程旨在提高职前教练关于关键体育诚信问题的知识，涵盖体育诚信问题，如假球，兴奋剂和举报。研究对象是39名职前教练，他们接受了13期的课程，涉及腐败、良好治理、兴奋剂、假球和举报等问题。该课程由互动讲座和实践活动相结合组成。为了评估课程的有效性，参与者在课程前和课程后完成了问卷调查，并进行了访谈。结果课程结束后，教练员对体育伦理和诚信的理解有了显著提高，尤其是对腐败和维护体育廉洁机制的理解。此外，它们更愿意处理体育违规行为。然而，人们对这门课程的态度并没有明显的变化。对课程的用户友好性进行了积极评价，定性反馈支持其对提高知识和对体育诚信承诺的影响。结论本研究结果强调了大学课程在促进职前教练员体育诚信方面的潜力。此外，他们建议在未来的努力中需要更多的互动和特定的运动方法。

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引用次数: 0

Banned for doping: Using composite vignettes to portray rugby players’ experiences of anti-doping rule violations 禁药：使用合成插图来描绘橄榄球运动员违反反兴奋剂规则的经历

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100334

Justin D. Hall, Laurie B. Patterson, Susan H. Backhouse

Objective: Understanding the lived experiences of athletes who have been sanctioned for violating anti-doping rules presents the opportunity to listen and learn. Yet, the academic field seldom draws on the voices of those affected when considering doping in sport. Our aim was to illuminate important aspects of sanctioned athletes’ experiences and highlight opportunities for prevention and rehabilitation. Design: A semi-structured interview research design was used, and data informed the development of composite vignettes, a form of creative non-fiction. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with two elite rugby players sanctioned for violating the anti-doping rules within rugby league (n = 1) and rugby union (n = 1). Three composite vignettes were created illuminating player experiences before, during and after the violations. Findings: The vignettes highlight in participants’ own words the multiple impacts of sport demands and drug use: (1) Leading up to the violation: ‘You're just treading water, you're surviving’ (2) ‘There's just this massive amount of social pressure in rugby, not just on the game, but on who you're supposed to be’ (3) ‘It was like being hit by a train’. The ADRV aftermath. Conclusions: The role of social identity in the transitions experienced by a rugby player following a critical incident (e.g., serious injury) was a key influencing factor for doping. Alongside addressing the demands of the sport, the need for early intervention and evidence-based support for players experiencing critical incidents (e.g., injury) and transitions was evident to prevent doping violations.

目的：了解因违反反兴奋剂规则而被处罚的运动员的生活经历，为倾听和学习提供了机会。然而，在考虑在体育运动中使用兴奋剂时，学术界很少听取那些受影响者的声音。我们的目的是阐明被制裁运动员经历的重要方面，并强调预防和康复的机会。设计：采用半结构化访谈研究设计，数据为复合小插图的发展提供信息，这是一种创造性的非小说形式。方法：对橄榄球联盟（n = 1）和橄榄球联盟（n = 1）内因违反反兴奋剂规则而被处罚的两名优秀橄榄球运动员进行半结构化访谈。创建三个复合小插曲，说明球员在违反规则之前，期间和之后的经历。研究发现：这些小插曲用参与者自己的话强调了运动需求和药物使用的多重影响：(1)导致违规：“你只是在踩水，你还活着”(2)“橄榄球运动中存在着巨大的社会压力，不仅是在比赛上，而且在你应该成为的人身上”(3)“就像被火车撞了一样”。ADRV的后果。结论：社会认同在橄榄球运动员重大事件（如重伤）后的转变过程中所起的作用是影响运动员服用兴奋剂的关键因素。除了解决这项运动的需求外，对于经历重大事件（如受伤）和过渡的运动员，显然需要早期干预和基于证据的支持，以防止兴奋剂违规。

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引用次数: 0

Protein powders, painkillers, and pleasure: Reasons for exercise and the use of dietary supplements and analgesics among recreational half-marathoners 蛋白粉、止痛药和快乐：半程马拉松运动员运动和使用膳食补充剂和止痛药的原因

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2025.100332

Remco C. Havermans , Jos L.M.L. le Noble , Ilse van Lier

The primary aim of the current study was to explore associations between reasons for running exercise and the use of nutritional supplements and analgesics among recreational half-marathoners. In a sample of 80 participants of the Venloop half marathon public running event, we determined the most important reason(s) for running exercise and assessed whether that reason is correlated with the use of analgesics and/or supplements. Further, we hypothesized that the degree of supplement use predicts the use of analgesics with running exercise. The most prominent reason for running was enjoyment and that did not correlate with either analgesic or supplement use. Overall supplement use incidence was high (93 %) but degree of supplement use did not predict the use of analgesics with exercise. We conclude that the widespread use of supplements is not analogous to using analgesics before/during a run. Nonetheless, recreational runners would benefit from more evidence-based information on safe and sensible use of both supplements and analgesics.

当前研究的主要目的是探索娱乐性半程马拉松运动员进行跑步运动的原因与营养补充剂和止痛药的使用之间的联系。在Venloop半程马拉松公共跑步活动的80名参与者的样本中，我们确定了跑步锻炼的最重要原因，并评估了这个原因是否与使用止痛药和/或补充剂有关。此外，我们假设补充使用的程度预测了镇痛药与跑步运动的使用。跑步最主要的原因是享受，这与止痛剂或补品的使用无关。总的补充剂使用发生率很高（93%），但补充剂使用程度并不能预测运动中止痛药的使用。我们的结论是，补充剂的广泛使用与在跑步前或跑步中使用止痛药不同。尽管如此，休闲跑步者将受益于更多关于安全、合理使用补充剂和止痛药的循证信息。

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引用次数: 0

“My body is my business card”: Perceptions about nutrition, body appreciation, and eating disorders among female professional dancers “我的身体是我的名片”：女性职业舞者对营养、身体欣赏和饮食失调的看法

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100299

Iris Dechechi Batista, Érika Arantes de Oliveira-Cardoso, Manoel Antonio dos Santos

This study aimed to investigate perceptions about nutrition, body appreciation, and eating disorders (EDs) among female professional dancers as they are a group at increased risk of developing EDs and body dissatisfaction. Ten Brazilian participants were interviewed and assessed through a socio-demographic questionnaire. The transcriptions of the interviews were further analyzed using the Reflective Thematic Analysis technique, which encompassed three themes: (1) Attitudes Toward Nutrition, (2) Perceptions of the Body within Dance, and (3) Psychological Impacts of the Dance Environment. The reports indicate the overvaluation of a lean body in the professional dance environment. Teachers and choreographers were seen as important figures in the development trajectory of dancers. Puberty emerged as the most sensitive period of pressure to fit into the dance aesthetic standard. Implementing educational and preventive strategies to alleviate potential harm caused by the demanding and socially pressured environment of professional dance, particularly concerning body image, weight, and shape are suggested.

本研究旨在调查女性职业舞者对营养、身体欣赏和饮食失调（EDs）的看法，因为她们是一个患EDs和对身体不满的风险较高的群体。通过社会人口调查问卷对10名巴西参与者进行了访谈和评估。使用反思性主题分析技术进一步分析访谈的转录，其中包括三个主题：(1)对营养的态度，(2)对舞蹈中身体的感知，以及(3)舞蹈环境的心理影响。这些报告表明，在专业舞蹈环境中，身材苗条的人被高估了。教师和编舞被视为舞者发展轨迹中的重要人物。青春期是适应舞蹈审美标准的压力最敏感的时期。建议实施教育和预防策略，以减轻职业舞蹈的高要求和社会压力环境造成的潜在危害，特别是在身体形象，体重和形状方面。

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引用次数: 0

Further considerations and questions regarding the enhanced games 关于增强游戏的进一步考虑和问题

IF 2.9 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

Performance enhancement and health

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2024.100306

Andrew Richardson

引用次数: 0