Quincie Sipin, F. Mustaffa-Kamal, Malaika Watanabe, P. A. Megat Abdul Rani, N. A. Abdul Aziz
Molecular methods coupled with phylogenetic analysis are sensitive tools for detecting and classifying parasites. This study used nuclear and mitochondrial gene markers to investigate the host-vector interaction of the vector-borne haemoparasites. The population genetic structures of important vector-borne haemoparasites in dogs, namely, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli, and Babesia gibsoni, were determined from the nuclear gene of 16S or 18S rRNA gene, gltA and groESL and mitochondrial gene of COX1 across dogs and vector ticks. A total of 220 blood samples and 140 ticks were collected from shelter dogs in Peninsular Malaysia. Out of the positive samples for the vector-borne haemoparasites, 28 positive blood isolates and six tick isolates were selected and characterised. There was a low diversity in tick sequences, while varying degree of variability was observed in dogs’ sequences. Overlapped haplotypes were observed in sequences of dogs and ticks, revealing the possibility of the same infection origin. No regional separation was detected, but similar haplotypes from different regions were observed. These findings contribute to the epidemiology of vector-borne haemoparasites in dogs in Malaysia.
{"title":"Low Genetic Diversity of Vector-Borne Haemoparasites in Dogs and Their Ticks Revealed Local and Long-Range Transmission in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Quincie Sipin, F. Mustaffa-Kamal, Malaika Watanabe, P. A. Megat Abdul Rani, N. A. Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular methods coupled with phylogenetic analysis are sensitive tools for detecting and classifying parasites. This study used nuclear and mitochondrial gene markers to investigate the host-vector interaction of the vector-borne haemoparasites. The population genetic structures of important vector-borne haemoparasites in dogs, namely, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli, and Babesia gibsoni, were determined from the nuclear gene of 16S or 18S rRNA gene, gltA and groESL and mitochondrial gene of COX1 across dogs and vector ticks. A total of 220 blood samples and 140 ticks were collected from shelter dogs in Peninsular Malaysia. Out of the positive samples for the vector-borne haemoparasites, 28 positive blood isolates and six tick isolates were selected and characterised. There was a low diversity in tick sequences, while varying degree of variability was observed in dogs’ sequences. Overlapped haplotypes were observed in sequences of dogs and ticks, revealing the possibility of the same infection origin. No regional separation was detected, but similar haplotypes from different regions were observed. These findings contribute to the epidemiology of vector-borne haemoparasites in dogs in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47190935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of music on the milk performance of dairy cattle has been increasingly studied in recent years, although its efficacy is still being debated due to the inconsistent outcomes and a limited number of studies. This study aimed to investigate the impact of music on the milk production and behaviour of 24 lactating Jersey cattle, consisting of 10 primiparous and 14 multiparous cows. The experiment involved milk collection and behavioural observation before and after exposure to music at a dairy farm in Sitiawan, Perak. The results indicate that music and parity significantly affect the milk yield produced by a cow at p < 0.05. The cows produced significantly less milk after being exposed to music, while multiparous cows recorded significantly higher milk yields than primiparous cows. In terms of the observed behaviour, the cows displayed a significantly higher proportion of feeding and ruminating when no music was played. On the other hand, multiparous cows displayed a significantly lower proportion of feeding and ruminating, and a higher proportion of standing compared to primiparous cows. However, no significant effects of parity and music were observed in walking and lying behaviour. To conclude, music did not improve the milk yield of Jersey dairy cows in this study. Due to the inconsistencies in the outcomes of many studies related to the effect of music on milk yield, more long-term research should be conducted by considering factors that might influence milk yields, such as parity, breed, housing environment, and music selection.
{"title":"The Impact of Music on Milk Production and Behaviour of Dairy Cattle","authors":"Nurul Nabilah Shamshul Kamar, Nur Nadiah Md Yusof","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of music on the milk performance of dairy cattle has been increasingly studied in recent years, although its efficacy is still being debated due to the inconsistent outcomes and a limited number of studies. This study aimed to investigate the impact of music on the milk production and behaviour of 24 lactating Jersey cattle, consisting of 10 primiparous and 14 multiparous cows. The experiment involved milk collection and behavioural observation before and after exposure to music at a dairy farm in Sitiawan, Perak. The results indicate that music and parity significantly affect the milk yield produced by a cow at p < 0.05. The cows produced significantly less milk after being exposed to music, while multiparous cows recorded significantly higher milk yields than primiparous cows. In terms of the observed behaviour, the cows displayed a significantly higher proportion of feeding and ruminating when no music was played. On the other hand, multiparous cows displayed a significantly lower proportion of feeding and ruminating, and a higher proportion of standing compared to primiparous cows. However, no significant effects of parity and music were observed in walking and lying behaviour. To conclude, music did not improve the milk yield of Jersey dairy cows in this study. Due to the inconsistencies in the outcomes of many studies related to the effect of music on milk yield, more long-term research should be conducted by considering factors that might influence milk yields, such as parity, breed, housing environment, and music selection.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135526484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quincie Sipin, Farina Mustaffa-Kamal, Malaika Watanabe, Puteri Azaziah Megat Abdul Rani, Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz
Molecular methods coupled with phylogenetic analysis are sensitive tools for detecting and classifying parasites. This study used nuclear and mitochondrial gene markers to investigate the host-vector interaction of the vector-borne haemoparasites. The population genetic structures of important vector-borne haemoparasites in dogs, namely, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli, and Babesia gibsoni, were determined from the nuclear gene of 16S or 18S rRNA gene, gltA and groESL and mitochondrial gene of COX1 across dogs and vector ticks. A total of 220 blood samples and 140 ticks were collected from shelter dogs in Peninsular Malaysia. Out of the positive samples for the vector-borne haemoparasites, 28 positive blood isolates and six tick isolates were selected and characterised. There was a low diversity in tick sequences, while varying degree of variability was observed in dogs’ sequences. Overlapped haplotypes were observed in sequences of dogs and ticks, revealing the possibility of the same infection origin. No regional separation was detected, but similar haplotypes from different regions were observed. These findings contribute to the epidemiology of vector-borne haemoparasites in dogs in Malaysia.
{"title":"Low Genetic Diversity of Vector-Borne Haemoparasites in Dogs and Their Ticks Revealed Local and Long-Range Transmission in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Quincie Sipin, Farina Mustaffa-Kamal, Malaika Watanabe, Puteri Azaziah Megat Abdul Rani, Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular methods coupled with phylogenetic analysis are sensitive tools for detecting and classifying parasites. This study used nuclear and mitochondrial gene markers to investigate the host-vector interaction of the vector-borne haemoparasites. The population genetic structures of important vector-borne haemoparasites in dogs, namely, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis, Babesia vogeli, and Babesia gibsoni, were determined from the nuclear gene of 16S or 18S rRNA gene, gltA and groESL and mitochondrial gene of COX1 across dogs and vector ticks. A total of 220 blood samples and 140 ticks were collected from shelter dogs in Peninsular Malaysia. Out of the positive samples for the vector-borne haemoparasites, 28 positive blood isolates and six tick isolates were selected and characterised. There was a low diversity in tick sequences, while varying degree of variability was observed in dogs’ sequences. Overlapped haplotypes were observed in sequences of dogs and ticks, revealing the possibility of the same infection origin. No regional separation was detected, but similar haplotypes from different regions were observed. These findings contribute to the epidemiology of vector-borne haemoparasites in dogs in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135526480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of music on the milk performance of dairy cattle has been increasingly studied in recent years, although its efficacy is still being debated due to the inconsistent outcomes and a limited number of studies. This study aimed to investigate the impact of music on the milk production and behaviour of 24 lactating Jersey cattle, consisting of 10 primiparous and 14 multiparous cows. The experiment involved milk collection and behavioural observation before and after exposure to music at a dairy farm in Sitiawan, Perak. The results indicate that music and parity significantly affect the milk yield produced by a cow at p < 0.05. The cows produced significantly less milk after being exposed to music, while multiparous cows recorded significantly higher milk yields than primiparous cows. In terms of the observed behaviour, the cows displayed a significantly higher proportion of feeding and ruminating when no music was played. On the other hand, multiparous cows displayed a significantly lower proportion of feeding and ruminating, and a higher proportion of standing compared to primiparous cows. However, no significant effects of parity and music were observed in walking and lying behaviour. To conclude, music did not improve the milk yield of Jersey dairy cows in this study. Due to the inconsistencies in the outcomes of many studies related to the effect of music on milk yield, more long-term research should be conducted by considering factors that might influence milk yields, such as parity, breed, housing environment, and music selection.
{"title":"The Impact of Music on Milk Production and Behaviour of Dairy Cattle","authors":"Nurul Nabilah Shamshul Kamar, Nur Nadiah Md Yusof","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of music on the milk performance of dairy cattle has been increasingly studied in recent years, although its efficacy is still being debated due to the inconsistent outcomes and a limited number of studies. This study aimed to investigate the impact of music on the milk production and behaviour of 24 lactating Jersey cattle, consisting of 10 primiparous and 14 multiparous cows. The experiment involved milk collection and behavioural observation before and after exposure to music at a dairy farm in Sitiawan, Perak. The results indicate that music and parity significantly affect the milk yield produced by a cow at p < 0.05. The cows produced significantly less milk after being exposed to music, while multiparous cows recorded significantly higher milk yields than primiparous cows. In terms of the observed behaviour, the cows displayed a significantly higher proportion of feeding and ruminating when no music was played. On the other hand, multiparous cows displayed a significantly lower proportion of feeding and ruminating, and a higher proportion of standing compared to primiparous cows. However, no significant effects of parity and music were observed in walking and lying behaviour. To conclude, music did not improve the milk yield of Jersey dairy cows in this study. Due to the inconsistencies in the outcomes of many studies related to the effect of music on milk yield, more long-term research should be conducted by considering factors that might influence milk yields, such as parity, breed, housing environment, and music selection.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47054525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Sani, Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff, Ina Salwany Md Yasin, M.M. Abd Karim, M. Matori, M. Amal, Tilusha Manchanayake, Amir-Danial Zahaludin, A. Mohamad
Pangasius catfish, Pangasius nasutus, is a promising candidate for aquaculture due to its high market value. However, the presence of pathogenic bacteria in Aeromonas hydrophila is a major concern in P. nasutus farming in this country. This study determines the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila in P. nasutus. A total of 80 P. nasutus juveniles were intraperitoneally injected with 0, 103, 105, and 107 CFU mL-1 of A. hydrophila and monitored until 240 hr. The infected moribund fish’s kidneys, livers, and spleens were collected for histopathological analysis. The LD50-240hr value was found at 0.8 × 104 CFU/ml of A. hydrophila. The percentage of mortality in 0, 103, 105, and 107 CFU/ml infected groups were found to be at 0, 40, 60, and 90%, respectively. The infected fish showed congestion at the base of the fin, ascites, enlarged gall bladder, and swollen spleen. It is the earliest report on A. hydrophila’s pathogenicity in high-value native fish, P. nasutus.
{"title":"Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila in High-value Native Pangasius Catfish, Pangasius nasutus (Bleeker)","authors":"B. Sani, Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff, Ina Salwany Md Yasin, M.M. Abd Karim, M. Matori, M. Amal, Tilusha Manchanayake, Amir-Danial Zahaludin, A. Mohamad","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Pangasius catfish, Pangasius nasutus, is a promising candidate for aquaculture due to its high market value. However, the presence of pathogenic bacteria in Aeromonas hydrophila is a major concern in P. nasutus farming in this country. This study determines the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila in P. nasutus. A total of 80 P. nasutus juveniles were intraperitoneally injected with 0, 103, 105, and 107 CFU mL-1 of A. hydrophila and monitored until 240 hr. The infected moribund fish’s kidneys, livers, and spleens were collected for histopathological analysis. The LD50-240hr value was found at 0.8 × 104 CFU/ml of A. hydrophila. The percentage of mortality in 0, 103, 105, and 107 CFU/ml infected groups were found to be at 0, 40, 60, and 90%, respectively. The infected fish showed congestion at the base of the fin, ascites, enlarged gall bladder, and swollen spleen. It is the earliest report on A. hydrophila’s pathogenicity in high-value native fish, P. nasutus.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48701752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The chalcone synthase (CHS) gene families are known to be conserved in plants and have been well-studied in many plants, and they have an important role in the physiological and biological processes of plants. One of the studied CHS gene families is the CHS1 gene. CHS1 gene is known for its function in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. However, not many studies have been reported on the CHS1 gene in the Commelinids clade, especially the evolution of this gene within three families: Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, and Poaceae. Thus, this study aimed to perform a preliminary in silico comparative analysis of the CHS1 gene across these three families. Through this in silico comparative analysis, 20 partial sequences of the CHS1 gene, which are restricted to 565 bp regions, were analysed. The partial sequences were extracted from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database comprised of 16 Zingiberaceae species, three Costaceae species, and one Poaceae species. From the analysis, these targeted regions showed a low polymorphic site (18.23%) with 103 positions of single nucleotide polymorphisms and three mutations (substitution, insertion, and deletion). Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis showed no clear evolutionary pattern within the three studied families. In conclusion, the studied partial sequences of the CHS1 gene in Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, and Poaceae showed that the gene is conserved within the Commelinids clade. Further studies to understand the consequences of low polymorphism and mutations as well as adaptive evolution in the CHS1 gene, accompanied by biochemistry and gene expression studies, should be done in these 20 species of Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, and Poaceae.
{"title":"Preliminary in silico Analysis of CHS1 Gene in Commelinids Clade: Family Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, and Poaceae","authors":"S. Akram, S. Zulkifly, S. Khamis, N. I. Ab Ghani","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"The chalcone synthase (CHS) gene families are known to be conserved in plants and have been well-studied in many plants, and they have an important role in the physiological and biological processes of plants. One of the studied CHS gene families is the CHS1 gene. CHS1 gene is known for its function in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. However, not many studies have been reported on the CHS1 gene in the Commelinids clade, especially the evolution of this gene within three families: Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, and Poaceae. Thus, this study aimed to perform a preliminary in silico comparative analysis of the CHS1 gene across these three families. Through this in silico comparative analysis, 20 partial sequences of the CHS1 gene, which are restricted to 565 bp regions, were analysed. The partial sequences were extracted from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database comprised of 16 Zingiberaceae species, three Costaceae species, and one Poaceae species. From the analysis, these targeted regions showed a low polymorphic site (18.23%) with 103 positions of single nucleotide polymorphisms and three mutations (substitution, insertion, and deletion). Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis showed no clear evolutionary pattern within the three studied families. In conclusion, the studied partial sequences of the CHS1 gene in Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, and Poaceae showed that the gene is conserved within the Commelinids clade. Further studies to understand the consequences of low polymorphism and mutations as well as adaptive evolution in the CHS1 gene, accompanied by biochemistry and gene expression studies, should be done in these 20 species of Zingiberaceae, Costaceae, and Poaceae.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41522254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Rahmatullah, S. Sukirno, Nindita Sabila Ningtyas, Aryo Seto Pandu Wiranto, Nadya Sofia Siti Sa’adah, Hipny Alwandri, Tiara Purti Arssalsabila, A. Asma’, Hanindyo Adi
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a biological agent for insect pest management. Its toxins effectively control Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae, but it is sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sunlight. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sericin extract from Samia ricini Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) cocoons as a UV protectant for Bt after exposure under direct sunlight for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. After being exposed to sunlight, the Bt formulae were tested against 20 larvae of 24 hr old, the first larval instar in the laboratory. The larval mortality was observed 72 hr after the treatment. The results indicated that the mortality of S. exigua in Bt + sericin extract treatment was significantly different compared with Bt alone. For the first week, the mortality of S. exigua in exposed Bt + sericin exposed Bt alone, unexposed (Bt + sericin, and unexposed Bt alone were 80, 61, 85, and 97%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that Bt + sericin, after being exposed to sunlight, still showed the presence of spore and crystal protein comparable to the unexposed Bt. Based on the results, sericin provides good protection against sunlight and prevents the Bt spores from light-induced damage.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Samia cynthia ricini Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Cocoon Extract as UV Protectant of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki in Controlling Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under Sunl","authors":"R. Rahmatullah, S. Sukirno, Nindita Sabila Ningtyas, Aryo Seto Pandu Wiranto, Nadya Sofia Siti Sa’adah, Hipny Alwandri, Tiara Purti Arssalsabila, A. Asma’, Hanindyo Adi","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a biological agent for insect pest management. Its toxins effectively control Spodoptera exigua Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae, but it is sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sunlight. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sericin extract from Samia ricini Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) cocoons as a UV protectant for Bt after exposure under direct sunlight for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. After being exposed to sunlight, the Bt formulae were tested against 20 larvae of 24 hr old, the first larval instar in the laboratory. The larval mortality was observed 72 hr after the treatment. The results indicated that the mortality of S. exigua in Bt + sericin extract treatment was significantly different compared with Bt alone. For the first week, the mortality of S. exigua in exposed Bt + sericin exposed Bt alone, unexposed (Bt + sericin, and unexposed Bt alone were 80, 61, 85, and 97%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that Bt + sericin, after being exposed to sunlight, still showed the presence of spore and crystal protein comparable to the unexposed Bt. Based on the results, sericin provides good protection against sunlight and prevents the Bt spores from light-induced damage.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47210867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asilah Al-Has, N. Mohammad‐Noor, Sitti Raehanah Muhamad Shaleh, Mohd Nor Azman Ayub, D. Susanti, Ghaffur Rahim Mustakim
Pyrodinium bahamense var compressum is a harmful dinoflagellate that produces saxitoxin, which causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) that is deadly to humans. A non-axenic culture of P. bahamense was established using f/2 media from samples collected from Sepanggar Bay, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Toxin analyses of cultures harvested on days 60, 120, 180, and 360 were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector and compared with samples collected at the same location during the bloom in 2021. The highest cell toxin content was found in the bloom sample (86.2 fmole/cell), and no toxin was detected in the culture 60 days old. In addition, cell toxin content for the P. bahamense culture was low (9.4-16.5 fmole/cell). Based on the toxin profile, P. bahamense comprises 84- 98% of gonyautoxin 4. In summary, the current findings add to the existing knowledge of the toxin profiling of P. bahamense, a toxic, harmful algal bloom species, thus, leading to better toxin management.
{"title":"Paralytic Shellfish Profiles Produced by the Toxic Dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense from Sepanggar Bay, Malaysia","authors":"Asilah Al-Has, N. Mohammad‐Noor, Sitti Raehanah Muhamad Shaleh, Mohd Nor Azman Ayub, D. Susanti, Ghaffur Rahim Mustakim","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.1.20","url":null,"abstract":"Pyrodinium bahamense var compressum is a harmful dinoflagellate that produces saxitoxin, which causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) that is deadly to humans. A non-axenic culture of P. bahamense was established using f/2 media from samples collected from Sepanggar Bay, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Toxin analyses of cultures harvested on days 60, 120, 180, and 360 were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector and compared with samples collected at the same location during the bloom in 2021. The highest cell toxin content was found in the bloom sample (86.2 fmole/cell), and no toxin was detected in the culture 60 days old. In addition, cell toxin content for the P. bahamense culture was low (9.4-16.5 fmole/cell). Based on the toxin profile, P. bahamense comprises 84- 98% of gonyautoxin 4. In summary, the current findings add to the existing knowledge of the toxin profiling of P. bahamense, a toxic, harmful algal bloom species, thus, leading to better toxin management.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49038483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Akram, S. Khamis, S. Zulkifly, Rishzuan Talib, N. I. Ab Ghani
Zingiberaceae is widely distributed in Malaysia, with 750 species and 31 genera. This family comprises a different number of subfamilies and genera according to different taxonomic classification methods — classical taxonomy: one subfamily and four tribes vs molecular taxonomy: four subfamilies and six tribes. However, the taxonomic classification of Zingiberaceae is still debated, especially the classical taxonomy. It is due to some Zingiberaceae species showing cryptic morphologies that make it difficult to classify them through classical taxonomy, which refers to the unique morphological characteristics of a tribe/species. Therefore, accurate taxonomic classification is required by using a molecular approach. In this study, 20 selected species of Zingiberaceae collected from the Agricultural Conservatory Park, Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) were taxonomically classified using a molecular method with the help of three random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and three inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers until the tribe level. The combined RAPD and ISSR unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) phylogenetic tree was comparable to Zingiberaceae’s current molecular and classical taxonomy. The 20 selected species were grouped into three tribes (Alpinieae, Zingiberaceae, and Globbeae). This finding has contributed additional biological information to better manage the 20 Zingiberaceae species in the Agricultural Conservatory Park, IBS, UPM. Further studies are needed to explore the genetic diversities and properties of Zingiberaceae species.
{"title":"Phylogeny Study of 20 Selected Species of Zingiberaceae from Ex situ Collections in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"S. Akram, S. Khamis, S. Zulkifly, Rishzuan Talib, N. I. Ab Ghani","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Zingiberaceae is widely distributed in Malaysia, with 750 species and 31 genera. This family comprises a different number of subfamilies and genera according to different taxonomic classification methods — classical taxonomy: one subfamily and four tribes vs molecular taxonomy: four subfamilies and six tribes. However, the taxonomic classification of Zingiberaceae is still debated, especially the classical taxonomy. It is due to some Zingiberaceae species showing cryptic morphologies that make it difficult to classify them through classical taxonomy, which refers to the unique morphological characteristics of a tribe/species. Therefore, accurate taxonomic classification is required by using a molecular approach. In this study, 20 selected species of Zingiberaceae collected from the Agricultural Conservatory Park, Institute of Bioscience (IBS), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) were taxonomically classified using a molecular method with the help of three random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and three inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers until the tribe level. The combined RAPD and ISSR unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) phylogenetic tree was comparable to Zingiberaceae’s current molecular and classical taxonomy. The 20 selected species were grouped into three tribes (Alpinieae, Zingiberaceae, and Globbeae). This finding has contributed additional biological information to better manage the 20 Zingiberaceae species in the Agricultural Conservatory Park, IBS, UPM. Further studies are needed to explore the genetic diversities and properties of Zingiberaceae species.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42478376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study measured the accumulation of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) in Brassica juncea grown using the hydroponic method in a water environment contaminated with these heavy metals. The accumulated metal content in each part of the plant was monitored after one, three, and six weeks of exposure. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Pb in the biomass of B. juncea were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that heavy metal pollution in water caused heavy metal accumulation in vegetable biomass. Pb tended to accumulate lower vegetable biomass than Cu and Cd. The metal accumulation level in Cu and Cd was in the order of roots > stems > leaves, while with Pb, the concentration accumulated in roots > leaves > stems. The translocation factors of Cu, Cd, and Pb from shoots to stems and shoots to leaves were less than 1.
{"title":"The Effect of Cadmium, Copper, and Lead on Brassica juncea in Hydroponic Growth Medium","authors":"Thang Quoc Nguyen, Tan Van Le, Tran Thanh Thi Le","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"This study measured the accumulation of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) in Brassica juncea grown using the hydroponic method in a water environment contaminated with these heavy metals. The accumulated metal content in each part of the plant was monitored after one, three, and six weeks of exposure. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Pb in the biomass of B. juncea were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that heavy metal pollution in water caused heavy metal accumulation in vegetable biomass. Pb tended to accumulate lower vegetable biomass than Cu and Cd. The metal accumulation level in Cu and Cd was in the order of roots > stems > leaves, while with Pb, the concentration accumulated in roots > leaves > stems. The translocation factors of Cu, Cd, and Pb from shoots to stems and shoots to leaves were less than 1.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45829681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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