Rice bran (RB) is a major by-product of the rice industry, and the high proportion (~90%) of insoluble fibre (IF) is the main reason limiting its applications in foods. Thus, the objective of this research is to enhance the solubility of rice bran fibre and decrease the molecular weight (MW) of the soluble fibre (SF) fraction through ultrasound (US) and steam explosion (SE) treatments. The main sugars in the RB fibre were xylose and arabinose, with glucose, galactose, and mannose present in the side chains. The ratio of Ara/Xyl was 0.92 for the un-purified and 1.02 for the purified RB, reflecting the high degree of substitution of the xylan backbone. The highest amount of SF was obtained from RB treated at 60% US amplitude, 20 min treatment, where 7.8% (un-purified) and 35.2% (purified), respectively. For SE treatments, the amount of SF in un-purified RB increased as the pressure increased from 0.3 and 0.6 MPa, which were 6.10±0.34 and 8.83±0.56%, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest SF fraction (35.2%) of purified RB was obtained from the SE treatment at 0.6 MPa. The SF produced from both treatments mainly contained oligosaccharides with MW <1 kDa, with those produced by the SE treatment generally smaller than those by the US treatment. Purification of RB significantly enhanced the efficiency of the US and SE treatments in breaking down the IF into the SF.
米糠（RB）是大米工业的主要副产品，其不溶性纤维（IF）所占比例较高（约 90%）是限制其在食品中应用的主要原因。因此，本研究的目的是通过超声波（US）和蒸汽爆炸（SE）处理，提高米糠纤维的可溶性，降低可溶性纤维（SF）部分的分子量（MW）。米糠纤维中的主要糖类是木糖和阿拉伯糖，侧链中还含有葡萄糖、半乳糖和甘露糖。未提纯 RB 的阿拉伯糖/木糖比率为 0.92，提纯 RB 的阿拉伯糖/木糖比率为 1.02，反映了木聚糖骨架的高度取代。在美国振幅为 60%、处理 20 分钟的条件下处理的 RB 获得的 SF 量最高，分别为 7.8%（未纯化）和 35.2%（纯化）。在 SE 处理中，随着压力从 0.3 MPa 和 0.6 MPa 增加，未净化 RB 中的 SF 量也随之增加，分别为 6.10±0.34% 和 8.83±0.56%。同时，在 0.6 MPa 压力下，SE 处理得到的纯化 RB SF 分数最高（35.2%）。两种处理方法产生的 SF 主要含有截留分子量小于 1 kDa 的低聚糖，其中 SE 处理方法产生的 SF 一般小于 US 处理方法产生的 SF。RB 的纯化大大提高了 US 和 SE 处理将 IF 分解成 SF 的效率。
{"title":"Ultrasound and Steam Explosion Treatments on the Quantity and Molecular Size of Soluble Fibre Obtained from Un-purified and Purified Rice Bran","authors":"Nor Akma Ismail, Jian Zhao","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.47.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Rice bran (RB) is a major by-product of the rice industry, and the high proportion (~90%) of insoluble fibre (IF) is the main reason limiting its applications in foods. Thus, the objective of this research is to enhance the solubility of rice bran fibre and decrease the molecular weight (MW) of the soluble fibre (SF) fraction through ultrasound (US) and steam explosion (SE) treatments. The main sugars in the RB fibre were xylose and arabinose, with glucose, galactose, and mannose present in the side chains. The ratio of Ara/Xyl was 0.92 for the un-purified and 1.02 for the purified RB, reflecting the high degree of substitution of the xylan backbone. The highest amount of SF was obtained from RB treated at 60% US amplitude, 20 min treatment, where 7.8% (un-purified) and 35.2% (purified), respectively. For SE treatments, the amount of SF in un-purified RB increased as the pressure increased from 0.3 and 0.6 MPa, which were 6.10±0.34 and 8.83±0.56%, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest SF fraction (35.2%) of purified RB was obtained from the SE treatment at 0.6 MPa. The SF produced from both treatments mainly contained oligosaccharides with MW <1 kDa, with those produced by the SE treatment generally smaller than those by the US treatment. Purification of RB significantly enhanced the efficiency of the US and SE treatments in breaking down the IF into the SF.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"29 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aimi Syazana Sedek, Salasiah Mohamad, Nazrin Abd-Aziz, Mohd. Nadzreen Hidayat Sarjuni, Nurul Hidayah Hadzuha, Ahmad Meisery Abd Hakim
Family Zingiberaceae is well distributed in Peninsular Malaysia, including the southern region of Johor. A preliminary survey updated the current checklist of wild gingers from Panti Forest Reserve and Labis Forest Reserve. During the brief survey, 28 taxa from 8 genera were recorded. The genera include Amomum, Alpinia, Boesenbergia, Conamomum, Etlingera, Globba, Hornstedtia, Meistera, Scaphochlamys, Sundamomum, and Zingiber malaysianum. Three endemic species to Johor were recorded from the study sites: Scaphochlamys lanceolata, Scaphochlamys klossii var. glomerata, and Zingiber.
{"title":"Diversity of Wild Gingers (Zingiberaceae) in Southern Peninsular Malaysia: Panti Forest Reserve and Labis Forest Reserve","authors":"Aimi Syazana Sedek, Salasiah Mohamad, Nazrin Abd-Aziz, Mohd. Nadzreen Hidayat Sarjuni, Nurul Hidayah Hadzuha, Ahmad Meisery Abd Hakim","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.47.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Family Zingiberaceae is well distributed in Peninsular Malaysia, including the southern region of Johor. A preliminary survey updated the current checklist of wild gingers from Panti Forest Reserve and Labis Forest Reserve. During the brief survey, 28 taxa from 8 genera were recorded. The genera include Amomum, Alpinia, Boesenbergia, Conamomum, Etlingera, Globba, Hornstedtia, Meistera, Scaphochlamys, Sundamomum, and Zingiber malaysianum. Three endemic species to Johor were recorded from the study sites: Scaphochlamys lanceolata, Scaphochlamys klossii var. glomerata, and Zingiber.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"176 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138997239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruqiah Ganda Putri Panjaitan, Putri Anggraini, A. Raharjeng, Wansadaj Jaroenram
Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) is in the pea family (Fabaceae) and is a native Mexican vine that produces an edible tuber called jicama or Mexican turnip in English. This study evaluated the antidiabetic activity of bengkuang extracts administered via oral gavage into rats at 4 days post-induction of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus. At 14 days post injection (daily) of extracts at 28 and 56 mg/200 g body weight (BW), blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) from 277 ± 4 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) for the Diabetes Control Group to 182 ± 3 and 99 ± 55 mg/dl, respectively. The latter glucose level was comparable to that in the Antidiabetic Control Group rats (111 ± 63 mg/dl) injected with glibenclamide at 0.09 mg/200 g BW. The diabetes-induced rats also showed signs of cell recovery from diabetic-associated pancreatic tissue damage, supporting the efficacy of bengkuang treatment. According to phytochemical tests, the bengkuang extract contained various metabolites, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids, that may have been responsible for its antidiabetic activity. The results justify further studies on the underlying mechanisms of bengkuang antidiabetic activity.
{"title":"Antidiabetic Activity of Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) Extracts in Diabetes Mellitus-induced Rats","authors":"Ruqiah Ganda Putri Panjaitan, Putri Anggraini, A. Raharjeng, Wansadaj Jaroenram","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.47.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.47.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus) is in the pea family (Fabaceae) and is a native Mexican vine that produces an edible tuber called jicama or Mexican turnip in English. This study evaluated the antidiabetic activity of bengkuang extracts administered via oral gavage into rats at 4 days post-induction of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus. At 14 days post injection (daily) of extracts at 28 and 56 mg/200 g body weight (BW), blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) from 277 ± 4 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl) for the Diabetes Control Group to 182 ± 3 and 99 ± 55 mg/dl, respectively. The latter glucose level was comparable to that in the Antidiabetic Control Group rats (111 ± 63 mg/dl) injected with glibenclamide at 0.09 mg/200 g BW. The diabetes-induced rats also showed signs of cell recovery from diabetic-associated pancreatic tissue damage, supporting the efficacy of bengkuang treatment. According to phytochemical tests, the bengkuang extract contained various metabolites, mainly alkaloids and flavonoids, that may have been responsible for its antidiabetic activity. The results justify further studies on the underlying mechanisms of bengkuang antidiabetic activity.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"17 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achmad Arif Syarifudin, Prayogo Prayogo, Suciyono Suciyono, Hapsari Kenconojati, M. B. Santanumurti, Arafik Lamadi, Ciptaning Weargo Jati
The Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) in aquaponics is a closed aquaculture system favored by Indonesian aquaculturists due to its environmental friendliness and can be applied on a small scale. Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) has the potential to be cultured in this system as small-scale livestock. This research aims to determine the performance of the NFT aquaponics system of Anabas testudineus and Brassica chinensis with different stock densities. A completely randomized design within four stock density treatments and five replications was applied to this study. The results showed that the specific growth rate, survival rate, and feed conversion rate (FCR) of A. testudineus differed significantly across treatments (p < 0.05). The best performance of specific growth rate (1.96 ± 0.15%), FCR (1.31 ± 0.13), and survival rate (88 ± 4.69%) were shown in the second treatment (50 fish/tank). On the other hand, the fourth treatment (100 fish/tank) yielded the tallest B. chinensis at 20.7 ± 0.90 cm and a leaf number of 10.68 ± 0.28. Higher fish stocking density resulted in a slower fish growth rate but a faster plant growth rate. It can be concluded that the aquaponics system of NFT with a density of 50 fish/tank could be applied to small-scale livestock. The amount of organic matter that plant roots can use as nutrients is the factor that determines the growth rate of B. chinensis.
{"title":"Performance of Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus) and Bok Choy (Brassica chinensis) in Aquaponics Systems Using Nutrient Film Technique in Indonesian Small-scale Livestock","authors":"Achmad Arif Syarifudin, Prayogo Prayogo, Suciyono Suciyono, Hapsari Kenconojati, M. B. Santanumurti, Arafik Lamadi, Ciptaning Weargo Jati","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.19","url":null,"abstract":"The Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) in aquaponics is a closed aquaculture system favored by Indonesian aquaculturists due to its environmental friendliness and can be applied on a small scale. Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) has the potential to be cultured in this system as small-scale livestock. This research aims to determine the performance of the NFT aquaponics system of Anabas testudineus and Brassica chinensis with different stock densities. A completely randomized design within four stock density treatments and five replications was applied to this study. The results showed that the specific growth rate, survival rate, and feed conversion rate (FCR) of A. testudineus differed significantly across treatments (p < 0.05). The best performance of specific growth rate (1.96 ± 0.15%), FCR (1.31 ± 0.13), and survival rate (88 ± 4.69%) were shown in the second treatment (50 fish/tank). On the other hand, the fourth treatment (100 fish/tank) yielded the tallest B. chinensis at 20.7 ± 0.90 cm and a leaf number of 10.68 ± 0.28. Higher fish stocking density resulted in a slower fish growth rate but a faster plant growth rate. It can be concluded that the aquaponics system of NFT with a density of 50 fish/tank could be applied to small-scale livestock. The amount of organic matter that plant roots can use as nutrients is the factor that determines the growth rate of B. chinensis.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Isti’anah Ramli, F. Abas, I. S. Ismail, Y. Rukayadi, S. Md Nor
Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs bacteria are a plant’s surface inhabitant, especially at the leaf. They are known as Methylobacterium species. The antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and level of toxicity of this bacteria pigment have been studied. Recently, no previous research focused on the same bacterium found in Melicope lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) T. G. Hartley, which is a component of the Malaysian ulam leaf. This study employed the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, along with total phenolic content determination to assess the antioxidant activities of the methanolic and ethanolic pigment extract. Additionally, the consumption safety level of the pigment extract used brine shrimp lethality assay. From these findings, ethanolic pigment extract has a higher antioxidant capacity than methanolic extract. The DPPH half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of methanolic pigment extract is higher than ethanolic extract (0.72 ± 0.04 mg/ml), but the IC50 value is vice versa for ABTS (4.59 ± 2.17 mg/ml). Furthermore, ethanolic extracts have a high FRAP assay value (1.09 ± 0.19 mg/mg of trolox equivalent at 0.78 mg/ml sample) and phenolic content (1.39 ± 0.07 mg/mg of gallic acid equivalent at 0.78 mg/ml sample) compared to methanolic pigment extracts. Fortunately, the methanolic and ethanolic pigment extract’s lethal concentration values (4.52 and 9.94 mg/ml) are considered safe for food application since their toxicity level is higher than 1 mg/ml.
{"title":"Determination of Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Compounds, and Toxicity of Methanolic and Ethanolic Extracts of Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs (PPFM) Bacteria Pigment","authors":"Nur Isti’anah Ramli, F. Abas, I. S. Ismail, Y. Rukayadi, S. Md Nor","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.21","url":null,"abstract":"Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs bacteria are a plant’s surface inhabitant, especially at the leaf. They are known as Methylobacterium species. The antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and level of toxicity of this bacteria pigment have been studied. Recently, no previous research focused on the same bacterium found in Melicope lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) T. G. Hartley, which is a component of the Malaysian ulam leaf. This study employed the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays, along with total phenolic content determination to assess the antioxidant activities of the methanolic and ethanolic pigment extract. Additionally, the consumption safety level of the pigment extract used brine shrimp lethality assay. From these findings, ethanolic pigment extract has a higher antioxidant capacity than methanolic extract. The DPPH half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of methanolic pigment extract is higher than ethanolic extract (0.72 ± 0.04 mg/ml), but the IC50 value is vice versa for ABTS (4.59 ± 2.17 mg/ml). Furthermore, ethanolic extracts have a high FRAP assay value (1.09 ± 0.19 mg/mg of trolox equivalent at 0.78 mg/ml sample) and phenolic content (1.39 ± 0.07 mg/mg of gallic acid equivalent at 0.78 mg/ml sample) compared to methanolic pigment extracts. Fortunately, the methanolic and ethanolic pigment extract’s lethal concentration values (4.52 and 9.94 mg/ml) are considered safe for food application since their toxicity level is higher than 1 mg/ml.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Somtrakoon, Wilailuck Khompun, C. Theerakarunwong, W. Chouychai
The wide use of synthetic pyrethroids has increased their contamination in agricultural soil, so removing this pollutant from agricultural sites is necessary. Phytoremediation offers promise for agricultural soil decontamination as it is an environmentally friendly and green method. In this study, Napier grass cv. Pakchong 1 (Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum Americanum), cuttings with or without soaking in gibberellic acid (GA3) with and without the surfactant Tween 20, were planted in synthetic pyrethroid contaminated soil for 20 days. The results showed that the synthetic pyrethroid reduced shoot and root growth, reduced the pigment content and increased the proline content in the leaves of Napier grass cv. Pakchong 1, and GA3 soaking alone was the most appropriate method to alleviate synthetic pyrethroid phytotoxicity. However, planting with Napier grass cv. Pakchong 1 did not enhance soil biodegradation of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and fenvalerate. Napier grass did not accumulate synthetic pyrethroids within the shoot and root tissue, as the bioconcentration factor for each compound was below 1. Indigenous soil microorganisms caused a decrease in these synthetic pyrethroids. Napier grass could tolerate and grow well in pyrethroid-contaminated soil, and a method to enhance the plant’s capacity to remove pyrethroid from the soil should be developed.
{"title":"Gibberellic Acid and Tween 20 Increases Napier Grass Tolerance to Synthetic Pyrethroid","authors":"K. Somtrakoon, Wilailuck Khompun, C. Theerakarunwong, W. Chouychai","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.20","url":null,"abstract":"The wide use of synthetic pyrethroids has increased their contamination in agricultural soil, so removing this pollutant from agricultural sites is necessary. Phytoremediation offers promise for agricultural soil decontamination as it is an environmentally friendly and green method. In this study, Napier grass cv. Pakchong 1 (Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum Americanum), cuttings with or without soaking in gibberellic acid (GA3) with and without the surfactant Tween 20, were planted in synthetic pyrethroid contaminated soil for 20 days. The results showed that the synthetic pyrethroid reduced shoot and root growth, reduced the pigment content and increased the proline content in the leaves of Napier grass cv. Pakchong 1, and GA3 soaking alone was the most appropriate method to alleviate synthetic pyrethroid phytotoxicity. However, planting with Napier grass cv. Pakchong 1 did not enhance soil biodegradation of cypermethrin, deltamethrin, permethrin, and fenvalerate. Napier grass did not accumulate synthetic pyrethroids within the shoot and root tissue, as the bioconcentration factor for each compound was below 1. Indigenous soil microorganisms caused a decrease in these synthetic pyrethroids. Napier grass could tolerate and grow well in pyrethroid-contaminated soil, and a method to enhance the plant’s capacity to remove pyrethroid from the soil should be developed.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Md. Yeakub, F. Md. Yusoff, Natrah Fatin Mohd Ikhsan, Zafri Hassan
Marine fish larvae are an integral part of the marine environment because their abundance can become an ecological indicator. The abundance is dependent on the environmental variations that include but are not limited to lunar phases and diel changes, both of which predictably influence them to drift between inshore and outshore of the nearshore system. This study determined the effects of those environmental variations at the spatio-temporal level on the larval fish abundance along the Negeri Sembilan coastline of the Straits of Malacca, Malaysia. Samples were collected using a Bongo net of 300 μm in mesh size during the inter-monsoon season of March through April 2021 (n = 32). Larval fish density for the 32 samples ranged between 1 and 31 larvae/m3. There were 18 larval fish families identified from the study, with the most sampled larvae of Engraulidae, contributing to 24.20% of 892 total fish larvae identified. Other families with notable abundance were Gobiidae (16.30%), Blennidae (13.15%), Ambassidae (10.40%), Apogonidae (9.95%), and Leiognathidae (3.73%). The larval fish abundance was significantly higher during the new lunar phase than the full lunar phase (P < 0.01). Although there were marginal differences between the night and day as well as between outshore and inshore in some of the samples, there was no significant difference within both diel changes and shore distances. The study indicated that the dynamics in the larval fish assemblages in the study area were markedly attributed to lunar phases.
{"title":"Microscale Dynamics of Larval Fish Assemblages in the Straits of Malacca Nearshore Coincided with Lunar Phases","authors":"Ali Md. Yeakub, F. Md. Yusoff, Natrah Fatin Mohd Ikhsan, Zafri Hassan","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"Marine fish larvae are an integral part of the marine environment because their abundance can become an ecological indicator. The abundance is dependent on the environmental variations that include but are not limited to lunar phases and diel changes, both of which predictably influence them to drift between inshore and outshore of the nearshore system. This study determined the effects of those environmental variations at the spatio-temporal level on the larval fish abundance along the Negeri Sembilan coastline of the Straits of Malacca, Malaysia. Samples were collected using a Bongo net of 300 μm in mesh size during the inter-monsoon season of March through April 2021 (n = 32). Larval fish density for the 32 samples ranged between 1 and 31 larvae/m3. There were 18 larval fish families identified from the study, with the most sampled larvae of Engraulidae, contributing to 24.20% of 892 total fish larvae identified. Other families with notable abundance were Gobiidae (16.30%), Blennidae (13.15%), Ambassidae (10.40%), Apogonidae (9.95%), and Leiognathidae (3.73%). The larval fish abundance was significantly higher during the new lunar phase than the full lunar phase (P < 0.01). Although there were marginal differences between the night and day as well as between outshore and inshore in some of the samples, there was no significant difference within both diel changes and shore distances. The study indicated that the dynamics in the larval fish assemblages in the study area were markedly attributed to lunar phases.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"35 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139266691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
La Ode Alirman Afu, Anis Chamidah, U. Yanuhar, Maftuch Maftuch
Conservation and effective management of marine ecosystems and biodiversity requires accurate species identification. This study classifies sea bamboo (Isis hippuris) specimens using DNA barcoding, a technique widely recognized for its speed, accuracy, and objectivity. This study examines the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene analysis for species identification. Isis hippuris was collected from two stations (coral and seagrass areas) of Tanjung Tiram Waters, South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi. Genomic DNA was extracted from the base, main, and lateral stem of I. hippuris. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the mtDNA of I. hippuris with HCO2198 and LCO1490 primers. The highest quality PCR product based on the COI gene was chosen for sequencing analysis. The study revealed that COI gene analysis could only be performed on the base and main stem of the I. hippuris. Samples from coral and seagrass-coral areas on lateral stems were not further analyzed due to low concentration and purity values, which could potentially fail DNA sequencing. Each part of I. hippuris may have unique genetic differences. This study highlights the advantages of DNA sequencing in providing a unique genetic fingerprint for each species, enabling accurate species identification. This research provides insight into using DNA barcoding for sea bamboo species identification.
海洋生态系统和生物多样性的保护和有效管理需要准确的物种鉴定。本研究利用 DNA 条形码技术对海竹（Isis hippuris）标本进行分类，该技术因其快速、准确和客观而得到广泛认可。本研究利用细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 I（COI）基因分析进行物种鉴定。从苏拉威西岛东南部南科纳韦的 Tanjung Tiram 水域的两个站点（珊瑚区和海草区）采集了 Isis hippuris。从 I. hippuris 的基部、主茎和侧茎提取基因组 DNA。利用聚合酶链反应（PCR），使用 HCO2198 和 LCO1490 引物扩增 I. hippuris 的 mtDNA。根据 COI 基因选择质量最高的 PCR 产物进行测序分析。研究表明，COI 基因分析只能在 I. hippuris 的基部和主茎上进行。侧茎上的珊瑚和海草-珊瑚区域的样本由于浓度和纯度值较低，有可能导致 DNA 测序失败，因此没有进行进一步分析。I. hippuris的每个部分可能都有独特的遗传差异。这项研究强调了 DNA 测序在为每个物种提供独特遗传指纹方面的优势，从而能够准确识别物种。这项研究为使用 DNA 条形码进行海竹物种鉴定提供了启示。
{"title":"Species Identification of Sea Bamboo (Isis hippuris) using COI-based DNA Barcoding","authors":"La Ode Alirman Afu, Anis Chamidah, U. Yanuhar, Maftuch Maftuch","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.17","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation and effective management of marine ecosystems and biodiversity requires accurate species identification. This study classifies sea bamboo (Isis hippuris) specimens using DNA barcoding, a technique widely recognized for its speed, accuracy, and objectivity. This study examines the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene analysis for species identification. Isis hippuris was collected from two stations (coral and seagrass areas) of Tanjung Tiram Waters, South Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi. Genomic DNA was extracted from the base, main, and lateral stem of I. hippuris. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the mtDNA of I. hippuris with HCO2198 and LCO1490 primers. The highest quality PCR product based on the COI gene was chosen for sequencing analysis. The study revealed that COI gene analysis could only be performed on the base and main stem of the I. hippuris. Samples from coral and seagrass-coral areas on lateral stems were not further analyzed due to low concentration and purity values, which could potentially fail DNA sequencing. Each part of I. hippuris may have unique genetic differences. This study highlights the advantages of DNA sequencing in providing a unique genetic fingerprint for each species, enabling accurate species identification. This research provides insight into using DNA barcoding for sea bamboo species identification.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Oyamedan Imoloame, Lukman Funsho Abubakar
Sesame is an oil seed crop with great economic value. However, the production of this crop has been limited by weed competition, which prompted a field experiment during the 2021 cropping season in two locations: Teaching and Research Farm, Kwara State University, Malete, and National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM), Idofian, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria. The aim was to determine the treatment combinations of sowing methods and herbicide mixtures for the effective management of weeds and for increasing sesame productivity in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiment consisted of twenty treatments comprising two sowing methods (dibbling and drilling) and ten weed control methods. Results showed that all the weed control methods reduced weed dry matter (67.15–186.20 and 42.00–92.45 g/m2) than the weedy check (291.55 and 155.55 g/m2) at Malete and NCAM, respectively. They also reduced the weed density (48.40–68.45 and 34.00–50.00/m2) compared to the weedy check (103.60 and 73.15 g/m2) at Malete and NCAM, respectively, from 6 to 12 weeks after planting (WAP). Dibbling (85.15 and 48.81 m2) proved superior to the drilling method (172.42 and 51.58/m2) for the management of weeds from 6–12 WAP and for promoting higher crop yield (dibbling: 78.90 and 422.70 kg/ha; drilling: 37.50 and 326.80 kg/ha) in Malete and NCAM, respectively. The treatment combinations with the highest gross margin were hoeing twice at 3 and 6 WAP × dibbling ($ -191.15 and $ 318.57), pendimethalin (P) + diuron (D) at 0.5 + 0.5 kg a.i./ha ($ -199.88 and $ 182.43), 2.0 + 1.5 × dibbling ($ -273.59 and $ 156.65) and butachlor (B) + diuron (D) at 1.5 + 1.0 kg a.i./ha × drilling ($ -269.59 and $ 177.38) at Malete and NCAM, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended that the dibbling sowing method at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm and thinned to 3 plants/stand integrated with herbicide mixtures of pendimethalin at 0.5 + 0.5 kg a.i./ha is recommended as an alternative to hoe weeding for effective weed control, higher yield of sesame, and economic returns.
{"title":"Evaluation of Sowing Methods and Herbicide Mixtures for Weed Management and Productivity in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)","authors":"Emmanuel Oyamedan Imoloame, Lukman Funsho Abubakar","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.05","url":null,"abstract":"Sesame is an oil seed crop with great economic value. However, the production of this crop has been limited by weed competition, which prompted a field experiment during the 2021 cropping season in two locations: Teaching and Research Farm, Kwara State University, Malete, and National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM), Idofian, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria. The aim was to determine the treatment combinations of sowing methods and herbicide mixtures for the effective management of weeds and for increasing sesame productivity in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiment consisted of twenty treatments comprising two sowing methods (dibbling and drilling) and ten weed control methods. Results showed that all the weed control methods reduced weed dry matter (67.15–186.20 and 42.00–92.45 g/m2) than the weedy check (291.55 and 155.55 g/m2) at Malete and NCAM, respectively. They also reduced the weed density (48.40–68.45 and 34.00–50.00/m2) compared to the weedy check (103.60 and 73.15 g/m2) at Malete and NCAM, respectively, from 6 to 12 weeks after planting (WAP). Dibbling (85.15 and 48.81 m2) proved superior to the drilling method (172.42 and 51.58/m2) for the management of weeds from 6–12 WAP and for promoting higher crop yield (dibbling: 78.90 and 422.70 kg/ha; drilling: 37.50 and 326.80 kg/ha) in Malete and NCAM, respectively. The treatment combinations with the highest gross margin were hoeing twice at 3 and 6 WAP × dibbling ($ -191.15 and $ 318.57), pendimethalin (P) + diuron (D) at 0.5 + 0.5 kg a.i./ha ($ -199.88 and $ 182.43), 2.0 + 1.5 × dibbling ($ -273.59 and $ 156.65) and butachlor (B) + diuron (D) at 1.5 + 1.0 kg a.i./ha × drilling ($ -269.59 and $ 177.38) at Malete and NCAM, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended that the dibbling sowing method at a spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm and thinned to 3 plants/stand integrated with herbicide mixtures of pendimethalin at 0.5 + 0.5 kg a.i./ha is recommended as an alternative to hoe weeding for effective weed control, higher yield of sesame, and economic returns.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"57 42","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135431768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nabila Jasmine Afifi Mohd Nawi, Habsah Bidin, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin
Cryopreservation is used to preserve biological samples over an extended period at ultra-low temperatures. This process evolved into vitrification, a more advanced and superior technology in which fluids or water molecules form a glass-like structure without forming ice crystals. Unlike fresh cells, cryopreservation is reported to reduce oocyte viability and developmental competency. This study employed two vitrification techniques, vitrification solution (VS) and Cryotop, to investigate the meiotic resumption in bovine. Oocytes were extracted from cow ovaries collected from slaughterhouses in Banting and Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. The oocytes were grouped (A, B, and B’) based on cumulus morphology and matured in vitro in a culture dish (humidified 5% carbon dioxide incubator at 38.5°C) for 20 to 24 hr. Oocytes were vitrified after maturation using straws or aids of Cryotop sheets, then submerged in liquid nitrogen and stored for five days before defrosting for cryoprotectant elimination. By using Giemsa staining, the maturation state of fresh and vitrified bovine oocytes was evaluated through five parameters: zygotene, pachytene, diakinesis, metaphase I, and metaphase II. The maturation rate demonstrated only slight differences in the three groups of oocytes treated with VS (A: 44.79%; B: 30.97%; B’: 20.70%) and Cryotop (A: 39.42%; B: 37.27%; B’: 28.97%), which were significantly lower than fresh oocytes (A: 55.83%; B: 44.82%; B’: 56.17%). Both VS and Cryotop methods were viable options for cryopreserving oocytes, but the Cryotop technique was more effective in increasing the meiotic competence of poor-quality oocytes.
{"title":"Cryopreservation of Bovine Oocyte using Vitrification Solution and Cryotop Techniques","authors":"Nabila Jasmine Afifi Mohd Nawi, Habsah Bidin, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"Cryopreservation is used to preserve biological samples over an extended period at ultra-low temperatures. This process evolved into vitrification, a more advanced and superior technology in which fluids or water molecules form a glass-like structure without forming ice crystals. Unlike fresh cells, cryopreservation is reported to reduce oocyte viability and developmental competency. This study employed two vitrification techniques, vitrification solution (VS) and Cryotop, to investigate the meiotic resumption in bovine. Oocytes were extracted from cow ovaries collected from slaughterhouses in Banting and Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. The oocytes were grouped (A, B, and B’) based on cumulus morphology and matured in vitro in a culture dish (humidified 5% carbon dioxide incubator at 38.5°C) for 20 to 24 hr. Oocytes were vitrified after maturation using straws or aids of Cryotop sheets, then submerged in liquid nitrogen and stored for five days before defrosting for cryoprotectant elimination. By using Giemsa staining, the maturation state of fresh and vitrified bovine oocytes was evaluated through five parameters: zygotene, pachytene, diakinesis, metaphase I, and metaphase II. The maturation rate demonstrated only slight differences in the three groups of oocytes treated with VS (A: 44.79%; B: 30.97%; B’: 20.70%) and Cryotop (A: 39.42%; B: 37.27%; B’: 28.97%), which were significantly lower than fresh oocytes (A: 55.83%; B: 44.82%; B’: 56.17%). Both VS and Cryotop methods were viable options for cryopreserving oocytes, but the Cryotop technique was more effective in increasing the meiotic competence of poor-quality oocytes.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"33 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135876280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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