Strawberry is one of the most lucrative antioxidants and phytochemicals enriched temperate fruits. Nevertheless, good-quality fruit production requires special soil management practices like mulching and other strategies in tropical and sub-tropical regimes with short and dry winters. In the present research, strawberry var. BARI Strawberry-3 was cultivated using Asian watermoss (AW), water hyacinth (WH), paddy straw (PS), black polythene (BP), and silver polythene (SP) mulching along with control at the tropical weather-inclined southern part of Bangladesh from October 2018 to April 2019. The aim was to evaluate the comparative influences of those organic and synthetic mulches on root and shoot growth phenology along with subsequent reproductive behaviors, fruit yield, and fruit biochemical properties of strawberries under such an ecosystem. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Mulching exhibited statistical superiority over control for strawberry growth, yield, and fruit quality indicators, where organic mulches performed better than others. Among the mulches, AW mulching produced the healthiest plant, having maximum plant height (20.40 cm), leaf number (23.33 per plant), canopy diameter (34.30 cm), single leaf area (100.06 cm2), and root length (19.05 cm) resulting in the highest root and shoot biomass. Though the plants received AW mulch required maximum duration from transplanting to flowering (47.88 days) and flowering to harvest (29.60 days), those plants produced the highest number of flowers (21.20 per plant) as well as fruits (19.63 per plant), and ultimately the utmost fruit yield (370.02 g/plant and 15.42 kg/ha) being significantly dissonant from all other treatments. Thus, a 57.57% yield increase over control was recorded from AW mulching. Furthermore, statistically, the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) (9.93%), TSS/acidity ratio (17.37), and vitamin C (58.30 mg/100 g), but the minimum titratable acidity (0.57%) content of strawberry was noticed in AW treatment. WH and BP mulches had statistical consistency with the best treatment for a few attributes. Therefore, crop residues, aquatic plants, or their by-products can be used as mulch for quality strawberry production in dry winter, especially in tropical and subtropical regions.
{"title":"Watermoss Mulching Stimulates the Productivity and Physiochemical Properties of Strawberry in the Tropical Ecosystem of Southern Bangladesh","authors":"Joydeb Gomasta, Md. Rashedul Islam, Md. Alimur Rahman, Monirul Islam, Pronita Mondal, Jahidul Hassan, Emrul Kayesh","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry is one of the most lucrative antioxidants and phytochemicals enriched temperate fruits. Nevertheless, good-quality fruit production requires special soil management practices like mulching and other strategies in tropical and sub-tropical regimes with short and dry winters. In the present research, strawberry var. BARI Strawberry-3 was cultivated using Asian watermoss (AW), water hyacinth (WH), paddy straw (PS), black polythene (BP), and silver polythene (SP) mulching along with control at the tropical weather-inclined southern part of Bangladesh from October 2018 to April 2019. The aim was to evaluate the comparative influences of those organic and synthetic mulches on root and shoot growth phenology along with subsequent reproductive behaviors, fruit yield, and fruit biochemical properties of strawberries under such an ecosystem. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Mulching exhibited statistical superiority over control for strawberry growth, yield, and fruit quality indicators, where organic mulches performed better than others. Among the mulches, AW mulching produced the healthiest plant, having maximum plant height (20.40 cm), leaf number (23.33 per plant), canopy diameter (34.30 cm), single leaf area (100.06 cm2), and root length (19.05 cm) resulting in the highest root and shoot biomass. Though the plants received AW mulch required maximum duration from transplanting to flowering (47.88 days) and flowering to harvest (29.60 days), those plants produced the highest number of flowers (21.20 per plant) as well as fruits (19.63 per plant), and ultimately the utmost fruit yield (370.02 g/plant and 15.42 kg/ha) being significantly dissonant from all other treatments. Thus, a 57.57% yield increase over control was recorded from AW mulching. Furthermore, statistically, the maximum total soluble solids (TSS) (9.93%), TSS/acidity ratio (17.37), and vitamin C (58.30 mg/100 g), but the minimum titratable acidity (0.57%) content of strawberry was noticed in AW treatment. WH and BP mulches had statistical consistency with the best treatment for a few attributes. Therefore, crop residues, aquatic plants, or their by-products can be used as mulch for quality strawberry production in dry winter, especially in tropical and subtropical regions.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"34 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135876429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurul Atiqah Ahmad, Zulkefly Sulaiman, Mohd Yusoff Abdul Samad, Sarker Mohammad Rezaul Karim, Monsuru Adekunle Salisu
The brown bast (BB) syndrome causes a 15-20% loss of annual rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) production in Malaysia, and no sustainable remedy has been developed yet. Initial investigation showed a macronutrients deficiency in the bark of affected plants compared to non-affected plants. Therefore, this study was undertaken to know the effect of spraying the deficient macronutrients in curing BB syndrome and increasing latex productivity. The treatments were selected by adjusting deficient nutrients, especially in N, K, and S, compared to healthy plants. The treatments consisted of 13 combinations of nutrient concentrations and a control (no application on healthy rubber trees). One liter of individual treatment per tree was applied on the trunk of BB-affected trees once a week for one month. Data on latex production was collected one week after the last application and continued for up to three months. The results showed that the treatment T9 (0.5% N, 0.8 mg/L K, and 0.2% S), in addition to other prescribed nutrients, made a 100% cure of BB syndrome after three weeks of application, and the nutrient contents of the bark of the affected plants appeared to be similar to the healthy plants. Applying these additional nutrients enhanced the latex production at the rate of 51.85 g/tapping/tree after two months of treatment application under the agro-ecosystem of FELCRA, Simpang Renggam, Johor, Malaysia. It is a new finding to 100% cure BB syndrome and to increase the latex productivity in sustaining the rubber industry in Malaysia.
棕韧皮(BB)综合征导致马来西亚每年橡胶(巴西橡胶树)产量损失15-20%，目前尚未开发出可持续的补救措施。初步调查显示，与未受影响的植物相比，受影响植物的树皮中大量营养素缺乏。因此，本研究旨在了解喷施大量营养素缺乏对防治BB综合征和提高乳胶产量的影响。与健康植株相比，通过调整营养缺乏，特别是氮、钾和硫的缺乏来选择处理。这些处理包括13种营养浓度组合和一个对照(不对健康橡胶树施用)。每棵树一升的单独处理，每周一次，持续一个月。最后一次应用后一周收集乳胶生产数据，并持续长达三个月。结果表明，T9处理(0.5% N, 0.8 mg/L K, 0.2% S)加上其他规定的营养成分，在施用3周后，BB综合征治愈率为100%，病株树皮的营养成分与健康株相似。在马来西亚柔佛州新邦连根FELCRA农业生态系统中，施用这些额外的营养物质，在施用两个月后，乳胶产量以51.85克/株/株的速度提高。这是一个新的发现，100%治愈BB综合征和提高乳胶生产力，维持橡胶工业在马来西亚。
{"title":"Effect of Deficiency-adjusted Macronutrients to Cure Brown Bast Syndrome in Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis)","authors":"Nurul Atiqah Ahmad, Zulkefly Sulaiman, Mohd Yusoff Abdul Samad, Sarker Mohammad Rezaul Karim, Monsuru Adekunle Salisu","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"The brown bast (BB) syndrome causes a 15-20% loss of annual rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) production in Malaysia, and no sustainable remedy has been developed yet. Initial investigation showed a macronutrients deficiency in the bark of affected plants compared to non-affected plants. Therefore, this study was undertaken to know the effect of spraying the deficient macronutrients in curing BB syndrome and increasing latex productivity. The treatments were selected by adjusting deficient nutrients, especially in N, K, and S, compared to healthy plants. The treatments consisted of 13 combinations of nutrient concentrations and a control (no application on healthy rubber trees). One liter of individual treatment per tree was applied on the trunk of BB-affected trees once a week for one month. Data on latex production was collected one week after the last application and continued for up to three months. The results showed that the treatment T9 (0.5% N, 0.8 mg/L K, and 0.2% S), in addition to other prescribed nutrients, made a 100% cure of BB syndrome after three weeks of application, and the nutrient contents of the bark of the affected plants appeared to be similar to the healthy plants. Applying these additional nutrients enhanced the latex production at the rate of 51.85 g/tapping/tree after two months of treatment application under the agro-ecosystem of FELCRA, Simpang Renggam, Johor, Malaysia. It is a new finding to 100% cure BB syndrome and to increase the latex productivity in sustaining the rubber industry in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135876279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ajeng Istyorini Asmoning Dewanti, Tony Prince Kunjirika, Raden Roro Risang Ayu Dewayani Putri, Ascarti Adaninggar, Anita Restu Puji Raharjeng, Bambang Retnoaji, Ardaning Nuriliani, Fajar Sofyantoro, Nur Indah Septriani, Hendry T. S. S. G. Saragih
The misuse of paracetamol is becoming more prevalent worldwide. Due to non-compliance with recommended dosage and regulations, paracetamol consumption can result in serious health issues such as liver necrosis, kidney damage, heart damage, and hematological changes. This study sought to investigate the impact of paracetamol on the development of zebrafish embryos, which are often used as a model for assessing the effect of drug exposure on animals. The results indicated that paracetamol negatively affects the hatching and survival rates of zebrafish. Additionally, paracetamol exposure caused spinal abnormalities, pericardial edema, hypopigmentation, reduced heart rate, and spontaneous movement in zebrafish larvae. The developmental abnormalities in zebrafish were more significant with higher concentrations and longer exposure times. These findings may provide valuable insights into the detrimental impact of paracetamol on aquatic animals.
{"title":"Effects of Paracetamol on the Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Ajeng Istyorini Asmoning Dewanti, Tony Prince Kunjirika, Raden Roro Risang Ayu Dewayani Putri, Ascarti Adaninggar, Anita Restu Puji Raharjeng, Bambang Retnoaji, Ardaning Nuriliani, Fajar Sofyantoro, Nur Indah Septriani, Hendry T. S. S. G. Saragih","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.06","url":null,"abstract":"The misuse of paracetamol is becoming more prevalent worldwide. Due to non-compliance with recommended dosage and regulations, paracetamol consumption can result in serious health issues such as liver necrosis, kidney damage, heart damage, and hematological changes. This study sought to investigate the impact of paracetamol on the development of zebrafish embryos, which are often used as a model for assessing the effect of drug exposure on animals. The results indicated that paracetamol negatively affects the hatching and survival rates of zebrafish. Additionally, paracetamol exposure caused spinal abnormalities, pericardial edema, hypopigmentation, reduced heart rate, and spontaneous movement in zebrafish larvae. The developmental abnormalities in zebrafish were more significant with higher concentrations and longer exposure times. These findings may provide valuable insights into the detrimental impact of paracetamol on aquatic animals.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"153 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ameera Abdul Reeza, Muhamad Amirul Falieq Baharuddin, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Mohd Aizuddin Masuri
Oligotrophic tropical peat soils are usually deemed unsuitable for cropping common crops such as maize due to low pH and nutrient deficiency. This research aims to compare potassium, calcium, and magnesium uptake between different varieties of maize planted in two types of peat materials. This study investigated the growth of selected maize varieties by comparing the nutrient uptake between three different varieties of maize (V1-Asia Manis, V2-Super A, and V3-Pearl Waxy) planted on hemic and sapric, respectively, without any application of fertilisers. Significant interactions were found where different maize varieties responded differently in the nutrient uptake when planted in different peat materials. Super A (V2) significantly recorded the highest uptake for all nutrients (679.71 mg) when planted in hemic, followed by V1 (422.03 mg) and V3 (314.77 mg) when planted in sapric. Super A was found to be superior to the two varieties, where it was more efficient in absorbing nutrients from the peat materials, having significantly higher dry matter weight (26.37 g) than V1 (19.26 g) and V3 (13.67 g). Hemic and sapric could support the growth of all three maize varieties up till the tasselling stage without any fertiliser application.
{"title":"Nutrient Uptake in Different Maize Varieties (Zea mays L.) Planted in Tropical Peat Materials","authors":"Ameera Abdul Reeza, Muhamad Amirul Falieq Baharuddin, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed, Mohd Aizuddin Masuri","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.09","url":null,"abstract":"Oligotrophic tropical peat soils are usually deemed unsuitable for cropping common crops such as maize due to low pH and nutrient deficiency. This research aims to compare potassium, calcium, and magnesium uptake between different varieties of maize planted in two types of peat materials. This study investigated the growth of selected maize varieties by comparing the nutrient uptake between three different varieties of maize (V1-Asia Manis, V2-Super A, and V3-Pearl Waxy) planted on hemic and sapric, respectively, without any application of fertilisers. Significant interactions were found where different maize varieties responded differently in the nutrient uptake when planted in different peat materials. Super A (V2) significantly recorded the highest uptake for all nutrients (679.71 mg) when planted in hemic, followed by V1 (422.03 mg) and V3 (314.77 mg) when planted in sapric. Super A was found to be superior to the two varieties, where it was more efficient in absorbing nutrients from the peat materials, having significantly higher dry matter weight (26.37 g) than V1 (19.26 g) and V3 (13.67 g). Hemic and sapric could support the growth of all three maize varieties up till the tasselling stage without any fertiliser application.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rory Anthony Hutagalung, Arka Dwinanda Soewono, Marten Darmawan, Aldo Cornelius
Aquaponics with bio-floc can potentially offer sustainable food production with zero waste as it allows farming plants and fish simultaneously, whereby the former use fish waste as their nutrient sources, while the latter receives cleaner water from the plants in a closed-loop system. In the aquaponics system, additional nutrients are usually added to support optimal plant growth, but it is suggested that the amount of such chemical nutrients should be controlled to prevent any harm to the fish. Furthermore, the plant and fish growth rates are influenced by the nutrients and the culture media used. This study aims to examine the effect of nutrition (full-nutrient and half-nutrient treatments) and different types of culture mediums (rockwool, rockwool-perlite, and rockwool-husk) on the growth rates of pak choi (Brassica rapa) and catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using split-plot design. Findings show that the half-nutrient treatment yielded a 17.12% higher plant growth rate and 23.87% heavier catfish weight than the full-nutrient treatment, but these treatments did not affect the fish survival rate. It was also observed that using different culture mediums did not result in any significant difference.
{"title":"Effects of Nutritional and Culture Medium-based Approaches for Aquaponics System with Bio-floc Technology on Pak Choi and Catfish Growth Rates","authors":"Rory Anthony Hutagalung, Arka Dwinanda Soewono, Marten Darmawan, Aldo Cornelius","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaponics with bio-floc can potentially offer sustainable food production with zero waste as it allows farming plants and fish simultaneously, whereby the former use fish waste as their nutrient sources, while the latter receives cleaner water from the plants in a closed-loop system. In the aquaponics system, additional nutrients are usually added to support optimal plant growth, but it is suggested that the amount of such chemical nutrients should be controlled to prevent any harm to the fish. Furthermore, the plant and fish growth rates are influenced by the nutrients and the culture media used. This study aims to examine the effect of nutrition (full-nutrient and half-nutrient treatments) and different types of culture mediums (rockwool, rockwool-perlite, and rockwool-husk) on the growth rates of pak choi (Brassica rapa) and catfish (Clarias gariepinus) using split-plot design. Findings show that the half-nutrient treatment yielded a 17.12% higher plant growth rate and 23.87% heavier catfish weight than the full-nutrient treatment, but these treatments did not affect the fish survival rate. It was also observed that using different culture mediums did not result in any significant difference.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"54 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurul Asyikin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa, Siti Norbaya Masri, Niazlin Mohd Taib, Nurshahira Sulaiman, Nurul Diana Dzaraly, Hazmin Hazman
Pneumococcal serotyping is required for epidemiological surveillance to guide vaccination strategy. DNA-based approaches are more affordable, but the combination of sequetyping and sequential conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction (cmPCR) may complement one another. A total of 101 isolates were subjected to sequetyping and sequential cmPCR following previously published protocols, and the outputs were compared. The sequetyping method determined up to the serotype level for 99 isolates (98%). On the other hand, the sequential cmPCR technique identified 91 isolates (90.1%), with 63 of them (62.4%) up to the serotype level. Sequetyping generated discrete serotypes for 6A/B, 11A/D, 15A/F, and 15B/C as 6A (n = 11), 6B (n = 10), 11A (n = 5), 15C (n = 1), and 15A (n = 1). In conclusion, the cpsB gene sequetyping method produced a comparable output with sequential cmPCR, further discriminating some sub-serogroups among the isolate collection.
{"title":"Determination of Pneumococcal Serotypes by Sequetyping and Sequential Conventional Multiplex PCR in the Vaccine Era","authors":"Nurul Asyikin Abdul Rahman, Mohd Nasir Mohd Desa, Siti Norbaya Masri, Niazlin Mohd Taib, Nurshahira Sulaiman, Nurul Diana Dzaraly, Hazmin Hazman","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumococcal serotyping is required for epidemiological surveillance to guide vaccination strategy. DNA-based approaches are more affordable, but the combination of sequetyping and sequential conventional multiplex polymerase chain reaction (cmPCR) may complement one another. A total of 101 isolates were subjected to sequetyping and sequential cmPCR following previously published protocols, and the outputs were compared. The sequetyping method determined up to the serotype level for 99 isolates (98%). On the other hand, the sequential cmPCR technique identified 91 isolates (90.1%), with 63 of them (62.4%) up to the serotype level. Sequetyping generated discrete serotypes for 6A/B, 11A/D, 15A/F, and 15B/C as 6A (n = 11), 6B (n = 10), 11A (n = 5), 15C (n = 1), and 15A (n = 1). In conclusion, the cpsB gene sequetyping method produced a comparable output with sequential cmPCR, further discriminating some sub-serogroups among the isolate collection.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"15 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135862964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aida Amirah Rusli, Nizaha Juhaida Mohamad, Azizah Mahmood, Nor Hayati Ibrahim
The antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of honey have led to studies exploring using honey powder as a sugar substitute in chocolate innovation for its health benefits. In this study, sugar was substituted with 70% honey powder to evaluate the effect on the antioxidant, alpha-amylase inhibition, and calorie value of dark chocolate. The honey powder was produced by adding 70% of either dextrose (honey/dextrose, H/D), maltodextrin (honey/maltodextrin, H/M), or sucrose (honey/sucrose, H/S) and vacuum dried at 40°C for 6 hr. The substitution of honey powder into chocolate at a 70% level was based on the preliminary study, which showed the most acceptable particle size value. The addition of honey powder into dark chocolate showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in antioxidant capacity, assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Chocolate containing H/M showed the highest antioxidant capacity for both assays, followed by chocolate with H/D, H/S, and the control. Alpha amylase inhibition was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) for H/M chocolate relative to other samples. The calorie values of dark chocolate were not affected by the honey powder substitution, which remained at 600 kcal/100 g. Therefore, chocolate containing H/M showed the best properties due to its highest antioxidant capacities and alpha-amylase inhibition effect. Hence, it can be recommended for further application in chocolate.
{"title":"Antioxidant Capacity, Alpha Amylase Inhibition, and Calorie Value of Dark Chocolate Substituted with Honey Powder","authors":"Aida Amirah Rusli, Nizaha Juhaida Mohamad, Azizah Mahmood, Nor Hayati Ibrahim","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.08","url":null,"abstract":"The antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of honey have led to studies exploring using honey powder as a sugar substitute in chocolate innovation for its health benefits. In this study, sugar was substituted with 70% honey powder to evaluate the effect on the antioxidant, alpha-amylase inhibition, and calorie value of dark chocolate. The honey powder was produced by adding 70% of either dextrose (honey/dextrose, H/D), maltodextrin (honey/maltodextrin, H/M), or sucrose (honey/sucrose, H/S) and vacuum dried at 40°C for 6 hr. The substitution of honey powder into chocolate at a 70% level was based on the preliminary study, which showed the most acceptable particle size value. The addition of honey powder into dark chocolate showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in antioxidant capacity, assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Chocolate containing H/M showed the highest antioxidant capacity for both assays, followed by chocolate with H/D, H/S, and the control. Alpha amylase inhibition was also significantly higher (p < 0.05) for H/M chocolate relative to other samples. The calorie values of dark chocolate were not affected by the honey powder substitution, which remained at 600 kcal/100 g. Therefore, chocolate containing H/M showed the best properties due to its highest antioxidant capacities and alpha-amylase inhibition effect. Hence, it can be recommended for further application in chocolate.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hossein Taiyari, Jalila Abu, Nik Mohd Faiz, Zunita Zakaria
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) can infect many bird species. Susceptible species of birds are responsible for spillover infections from poultry to wild birds. In Malaysia, previous studies reported the detection of MG in free-flying birds, but there is a lack of information on the characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of these isolates. Therefore, this study aims to molecular characterize and assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MG and MS isolated from different bird species, including aviary, free-flying, and pet birds. Altogether 54 choanal slit swab samples were collected. All the swab samples were subjected to isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Positive samples were subjected to molecular characterization and MIC assay. Molecular characterization was done using targeted gene sequencing, and microdilution MIC assay was employed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates. Using both culture and PCR techniques, 5.6% (3/54) of the samples were positive for MG, while MS was detected in 29.6% (16/54) and 40.7% (22/54) of samples using culture and PCR, respectively. The partial sequence of the mgc2 gene showed a distinct pattern of this gene in one of the MG isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of this isolate indicated that this isolate is a progeny of a Thailand poultry strain. Microdilution MIC assay indicated 100% resistance to erythromycin and chlortetracycline. The findings of this study indicate the possibility of avian interspecies transmission of MG and MS in Malaysia and the need for antimicrobial treatment dosage optimization.
{"title":"Genetic Variability and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Mycoplasma synoviae Isolated from Various Bird Species in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Hossein Taiyari, Jalila Abu, Nik Mohd Faiz, Zunita Zakaria","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) can infect many bird species. Susceptible species of birds are responsible for spillover infections from poultry to wild birds. In Malaysia, previous studies reported the detection of MG in free-flying birds, but there is a lack of information on the characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of these isolates. Therefore, this study aims to molecular characterize and assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MG and MS isolated from different bird species, including aviary, free-flying, and pet birds. Altogether 54 choanal slit swab samples were collected. All the swab samples were subjected to isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. Positive samples were subjected to molecular characterization and MIC assay. Molecular characterization was done using targeted gene sequencing, and microdilution MIC assay was employed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates. Using both culture and PCR techniques, 5.6% (3/54) of the samples were positive for MG, while MS was detected in 29.6% (16/54) and 40.7% (22/54) of samples using culture and PCR, respectively. The partial sequence of the mgc2 gene showed a distinct pattern of this gene in one of the MG isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of this isolate indicated that this isolate is a progeny of a Thailand poultry strain. Microdilution MIC assay indicated 100% resistance to erythromycin and chlortetracycline. The findings of this study indicate the possibility of avian interspecies transmission of MG and MS in Malaysia and the need for antimicrobial treatment dosage optimization.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosnah Shamsudin, Hasfalina Che Man, Siti Hajar Ariffin, Nazatul Shima Azmi, Siti Nor Afiekah Mohd Ghani
Drying is an intensive unit operation used to preserve the pineapple fruit. In this study, the kinetics of color degradation in pineapple slices during blanching as pretreatment with combined microwave and convection drying at different temperatures (110, 120, 130, and 140°C) and drying times (5, 10, 20, 25, and 30 min) were determined. L*, b*, chroma, and total color difference (TCD) increased as the drying temperature and time increased. As for the a* parameter, it is not dependent on the drying temperature. In addition, blanching pretreatment prior to drying can affect and change the color of pineapple slices by increasing L*, a*, chroma, and TCD compared to no blanching. Nevertheless, it maintains the yellowness (b*) in pineapple slices. As for kinetic models, zero-order best described the changes of L*, a*, b*, chroma, and TCD, while first-order best pronounced the parameters L*, b*, chroma, and TCD. These findings would be useful in designing thermal processes and related calculations for the pineapple fruit.
{"title":"Kinetics of Color Changes During Pretreatment Blanching of Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) Fruit Variety ‘MD2’","authors":"Rosnah Shamsudin, Hasfalina Che Man, Siti Hajar Ariffin, Nazatul Shima Azmi, Siti Nor Afiekah Mohd Ghani","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"Drying is an intensive unit operation used to preserve the pineapple fruit. In this study, the kinetics of color degradation in pineapple slices during blanching as pretreatment with combined microwave and convection drying at different temperatures (110, 120, 130, and 140°C) and drying times (5, 10, 20, 25, and 30 min) were determined. L*, b*, chroma, and total color difference (TCD) increased as the drying temperature and time increased. As for the a* parameter, it is not dependent on the drying temperature. In addition, blanching pretreatment prior to drying can affect and change the color of pineapple slices by increasing L*, a*, chroma, and TCD compared to no blanching. Nevertheless, it maintains the yellowness (b*) in pineapple slices. As for kinetic models, zero-order best described the changes of L*, a*, b*, chroma, and TCD, while first-order best pronounced the parameters L*, b*, chroma, and TCD. These findings would be useful in designing thermal processes and related calculations for the pineapple fruit.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"75 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ontogenesis control is important for developing methods for modeling and yield forecasting potatoes. Knowledge of the mechanisms of phyto-regulation allows for a directed impact on plant ontogenesis. Phytohormone analogs are widely used both in culture in vitro and in vivo; under their influence, the processes of differentiation and callusogenesis take place, morphogenesis and tuberization are induced in vitro, a root formation is induced, seed dormancy is overcome, plant resistance to abiotic stress factors is increased, and protective properties against phytoinfections increases the content of valuable substances and yield. Currently, the list of drugs with pronounced regulatory activity has expanded significantly. Among chemical alternatives, preparations based on microorganisms are most widely used in practice as yield stimulants and resistance inducers. At the same time, there is a growing interest in herbal preparations containing a huge amount of valuable biologically active substances with a different spectrum of action. The growing role and importance of plant growth and development regulators necessitates a deep study of the action nature of these compounds using modern biochemical and molecular genetic methods. At the same time, the search for new strains and drugs that can positively influence plant health and growth under various growth conditions, especially under stress conditions, is relevant. Works in this direction should be intensified due to the constant climatic risks. Creating a science-based system of growth regulation can provide reliable, stable results for potatoes growing in any field conditions of future agriculture.
{"title":"Regulation of Potato Plant’s Growth Functions","authors":"Irina Anikina, Viktor Kamkin, Zhastlek Uakhitov, Mayra Zhagiparova, Ulan Tleubekov, Galiya Kazhibayeva","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.4.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.4.07","url":null,"abstract":"Ontogenesis control is important for developing methods for modeling and yield forecasting potatoes. Knowledge of the mechanisms of phyto-regulation allows for a directed impact on plant ontogenesis. Phytohormone analogs are widely used both in culture in vitro and in vivo; under their influence, the processes of differentiation and callusogenesis take place, morphogenesis and tuberization are induced in vitro, a root formation is induced, seed dormancy is overcome, plant resistance to abiotic stress factors is increased, and protective properties against phytoinfections increases the content of valuable substances and yield. Currently, the list of drugs with pronounced regulatory activity has expanded significantly. Among chemical alternatives, preparations based on microorganisms are most widely used in practice as yield stimulants and resistance inducers. At the same time, there is a growing interest in herbal preparations containing a huge amount of valuable biologically active substances with a different spectrum of action. The growing role and importance of plant growth and development regulators necessitates a deep study of the action nature of these compounds using modern biochemical and molecular genetic methods. At the same time, the search for new strains and drugs that can positively influence plant health and growth under various growth conditions, especially under stress conditions, is relevant. Works in this direction should be intensified due to the constant climatic risks. Creating a science-based system of growth regulation can provide reliable, stable results for potatoes growing in any field conditions of future agriculture.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":"23 18","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135863768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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