Bee pollen is a complete food containing comprehensive nutrients and therapeutic properties that could eliminate free radicals. Three stingless bee species native to Malaysia were used to prepare bee pollen ethanolic extracts (BPE): Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona itama, and Tetrigona apicalis. The methodology used in this study was a trypan blue exclusion assay for cell proliferation activity in cultured breast adenocarcinoma human cell lines (MCF-7) and mammary epithelial human cell lines (MCF-10A). In addition, the therapeutic index (TI) was analyzed to assess the relative antiproliferative activity of BPE on cancer versus normal cells. Geniotrigona thoracica, BPE exhibited the highest therapeutic index (TI = 3.12) compared to H. itama (TI = 1.16) and T. apicalis (TI = 0.90) BPE. Each species represents different bioactive compounds due to different pollen foraging activities. Therefore, the highest TI species (G. thoracica) could be a potential candidate to be developed as a potential chemotherapeutic agent.
{"title":"Therapeutic Evaluation of Ethanolic Bee Pollen Extract from Malaysian Stingless Bee in MCF-7 and MCF-10A Cell Lines","authors":"N. Fadzilah, W. W. Wan Omar","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Bee pollen is a complete food containing comprehensive nutrients and therapeutic properties that could eliminate free radicals. Three stingless bee species native to Malaysia were used to prepare bee pollen ethanolic extracts (BPE): Geniotrigona thoracica, Heterotrigona itama, and Tetrigona apicalis. The methodology used in this study was a trypan blue exclusion assay for cell proliferation activity in cultured breast adenocarcinoma human cell lines (MCF-7) and mammary epithelial human cell lines (MCF-10A). In addition, the therapeutic index (TI) was analyzed to assess the relative antiproliferative activity of BPE on cancer versus normal cells. Geniotrigona thoracica, BPE exhibited the highest therapeutic index (TI = 3.12) compared to H. itama (TI = 1.16) and T. apicalis (TI = 0.90) BPE. Each species represents different bioactive compounds due to different pollen foraging activities. Therefore, the highest TI species (G. thoracica) could be a potential candidate to be developed as a potential chemotherapeutic agent.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45024933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad-Redha Abdullah-Zawawi, Karwatik Busiri, S. Johan, ohammad Asad Ullah, Z. Zainal
Nitrate transporter (NRT) is responsible for the molecular mechanism of the root nitrate (NO3-) uptake system for plant development. Although several NRT genes are identified and characterised in plants, knowledge of the NRT2 gene family and its nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) function in drought stress has remained elusive in rice. This study conducted an in silico analysis on 20 NRT2 family genes of rice, wheat, soybean, barley, maize, and papaya. Phylogenetic and motifs analysis clustered genes encoding NRT2 proteins into four monophyletic groups, and the motifs of NRT2 genes were significantly conserved for the specific domain of NO3- transmembrane transporter. Interestingly, co-expression analysis revealed that potential drought-related genes were expressed similarly to the functional NUE gene, OsNRT2.3. Furthermore, half of the co-expressed genes were enriched in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)-related processes, such as transport, stress, macromolecule metabolic pathways, and transcription regulation. Expression pattern analysis of OsNRT2.3 and its co-expressed genes in tissue-specific and nitrogen (N) response led to the discovery of OsAMT1.3, OsZIFL9, OsbZIP27, and OsIRT1 as four strong candidates to participate in drought stress during NO3- uptake system. The co-expression of iron (Fe) uptake genes, OsZIFL9 and OsIRT1, with OsNRT2.3 also suggested a possible interaction of Fe and nitrogen (N) during an increasing amount of Fe, which led to the acidification of rice apoplasts during water deficiency. Together, this study will provide a valuable resource for potential candidate genes that can further investigate their molecular response to drought during NUE.
{"title":"In silico Analysis of OsNRT2.3 Reveals OsAMT1.3, OsZIFL9, OsbZIP27, and OsIRT1 as Potential Drought-related Genes During Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Oryza sativa L.","authors":"Muhammad-Redha Abdullah-Zawawi, Karwatik Busiri, S. Johan, ohammad Asad Ullah, Z. Zainal","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrate transporter (NRT) is responsible for the molecular mechanism of the root nitrate (NO3-) uptake system for plant development. Although several NRT genes are identified and characterised in plants, knowledge of the NRT2 gene family and its nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) function in drought stress has remained elusive in rice. This study conducted an in silico analysis on 20 NRT2 family genes of rice, wheat, soybean, barley, maize, and papaya. Phylogenetic and motifs analysis clustered genes encoding NRT2 proteins into four monophyletic groups, and the motifs of NRT2 genes were significantly conserved for the specific domain of NO3- transmembrane transporter. Interestingly, co-expression analysis revealed that potential drought-related genes were expressed similarly to the functional NUE gene, OsNRT2.3. Furthermore, half of the co-expressed genes were enriched in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE)-related processes, such as transport, stress, macromolecule metabolic pathways, and transcription regulation. Expression pattern analysis of OsNRT2.3 and its co-expressed genes in tissue-specific and nitrogen (N) response led to the discovery of OsAMT1.3, OsZIFL9, OsbZIP27, and OsIRT1 as four strong candidates to participate in drought stress during NO3- uptake system. The co-expression of iron (Fe) uptake genes, OsZIFL9 and OsIRT1, with OsNRT2.3 also suggested a possible interaction of Fe and nitrogen (N) during an increasing amount of Fe, which led to the acidification of rice apoplasts during water deficiency. Together, this study will provide a valuable resource for potential candidate genes that can further investigate their molecular response to drought during NUE.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43875487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afrina Batrisyia Aswazi, Ahmad Azfaralarriff, Douglas Law, Herryawan Ryadi Eziwar Dyari, B. Othman, Muhammad Shahid, M. Idris, Nur Amelia Abas, Muhamad Syahmin Aiman Sahrir, Hanan Mohd Yusof, S. Fazry
Fish farmers’ dependence on costly formulated fish feed has affected their income. The cost of formulated feed is also constantly rising. Efforts to mass-produce the locally available natural resource, namely water flea (Moina sp.), were initiated as an alternative to the commercially formulated fish feed. This study evaluates the most suitable growth medium for commercially culturing Moina sp. and Chlorella sp. and studies the effect of their growth activity on water quality. In this study, the growth behaviour of Moina sp. and Chlorella sp. was monitored individually before Moina sp. was cultured together with Chlorella sp. in a growth medium. Chlorella sp. was cultured in different mediums (BG-11, Bristol, and organic fertiliser). The first generation of Moina sp. took 96 h to mature and begin to reproduce, while the next generation took a shorter time (from 24h to 48 h). The brood size was between five and 15 neonates, while the maximum brood count recorded was eight. The Chlorella sp. culture had grown well on Day 5 (555.33 ug/L); thus, it was introduced with Moina sp. on Day 6. Although an organic fertiliser medium provided the optimum conditions for Chlorella sp. growth, it slightly inhibited the Moina sp. growth due to higher ammonia (NH3) concentration. However, the organic fertiliser medium could sustain Chlorella sp. growth while being ingested by Moina sp. The growth activity of both species slightly affected the water quality. Meanwhile, the increase in ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was recorded. In conclusion, organic fertiliser is the best medium for Chlorella sp. growth, which is the main food source for Moina sp. culture.
{"title":"Growth Interaction of Moina sp. and Chlorella sp. for Sustainable Aquaculture","authors":"Afrina Batrisyia Aswazi, Ahmad Azfaralarriff, Douglas Law, Herryawan Ryadi Eziwar Dyari, B. Othman, Muhammad Shahid, M. Idris, Nur Amelia Abas, Muhamad Syahmin Aiman Sahrir, Hanan Mohd Yusof, S. Fazry","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Fish farmers’ dependence on costly formulated fish feed has affected their income. The cost of formulated feed is also constantly rising. Efforts to mass-produce the locally available natural resource, namely water flea (Moina sp.), were initiated as an alternative to the commercially formulated fish feed. This study evaluates the most suitable growth medium for commercially culturing Moina sp. and Chlorella sp. and studies the effect of their growth activity on water quality. In this study, the growth behaviour of Moina sp. and Chlorella sp. was monitored individually before Moina sp. was cultured together with Chlorella sp. in a growth medium. Chlorella sp. was cultured in different mediums (BG-11, Bristol, and organic fertiliser). The first generation of Moina sp. took 96 h to mature and begin to reproduce, while the next generation took a shorter time (from 24h to 48 h). The brood size was between five and 15 neonates, while the maximum brood count recorded was eight. The Chlorella sp. culture had grown well on Day 5 (555.33 ug/L); thus, it was introduced with Moina sp. on Day 6. Although an organic fertiliser medium provided the optimum conditions for Chlorella sp. growth, it slightly inhibited the Moina sp. growth due to higher ammonia (NH3) concentration. However, the organic fertiliser medium could sustain Chlorella sp. growth while being ingested by Moina sp. The growth activity of both species slightly affected the water quality. Meanwhile, the increase in ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was recorded. In conclusion, organic fertiliser is the best medium for Chlorella sp. growth, which is the main food source for Moina sp. culture.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44863845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nabayi, Christopher Boon Sung Teh, Ali Kee Zuan Tan, N. Tan
The wastewater after washing rice grains is known as washed rice water (WRW). WRW is often recommended for reuse as plant fertilizer, but little is known about the difference in the nutrient and microbial contents of WRW between white and brown rice. The study aims to answer this question and determine how much the nutrient contents in the WRW would change with fermentation and how fermentation would affect the phosphorus (P)- and potassium (K)-solubilization bacteria in the WRW. Medium-grained rice was washed at a volumetric rice-to-water ratio of 1:3 for 90 seconds at 0.357 × g. WRW was then fermented for 0 (fresh), 3, 6, and 9 days. The rice grains and WRW were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and boron (B), as well as for total microbial population and P- and K-solubilizing bacteria. Brown rice grains had 26 to 324% higher P, K, Mg, and Zn than white rice. Nutrient contents in the WRW increased with increasing fermentation, except for C, which decreased with fermentation. At 9 days of fermentation, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, and B in the white rice water increased by 4 to 207%, which were also higher than in the brown rice water. The microbial population increased with fermentation for 3 days, then decreased after that, following the same C trend in the WRW from both rice types. P-and K-solubilization by bacteria in the WRW from both rice types increased with fermentation. The P solubilization was 25% higher in brown rice water, while the K solubilization was 67% higher in white rice water. Fermented rice water from white and brown rice was revealed to potentially improve plant growth and increase overall soil health due to their plant nutrient and microbial contents.
{"title":"Fermentation of White and Brown Rice Water Increases Plant Nutrients and Beneficial Microbes","authors":"A. Nabayi, Christopher Boon Sung Teh, Ali Kee Zuan Tan, N. Tan","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The wastewater after washing rice grains is known as washed rice water (WRW). WRW is often recommended for reuse as plant fertilizer, but little is known about the difference in the nutrient and microbial contents of WRW between white and brown rice. The study aims to answer this question and determine how much the nutrient contents in the WRW would change with fermentation and how fermentation would affect the phosphorus (P)- and potassium (K)-solubilization bacteria in the WRW. Medium-grained rice was washed at a volumetric rice-to-water ratio of 1:3 for 90 seconds at 0.357 × g. WRW was then fermented for 0 (fresh), 3, 6, and 9 days. The rice grains and WRW were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and boron (B), as well as for total microbial population and P- and K-solubilizing bacteria. Brown rice grains had 26 to 324% higher P, K, Mg, and Zn than white rice. Nutrient contents in the WRW increased with increasing fermentation, except for C, which decreased with fermentation. At 9 days of fermentation, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, and B in the white rice water increased by 4 to 207%, which were also higher than in the brown rice water. The microbial population increased with fermentation for 3 days, then decreased after that, following the same C trend in the WRW from both rice types. P-and K-solubilization by bacteria in the WRW from both rice types increased with fermentation. The P solubilization was 25% higher in brown rice water, while the K solubilization was 67% higher in white rice water. Fermented rice water from white and brown rice was revealed to potentially improve plant growth and increase overall soil health due to their plant nutrient and microbial contents.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43908883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurhafizul Abu Seri, Azimah Abd Rahman, Nur Faeza Abu Kassim, Noor Fazeera Ahmad Fuzi
A field survey of synchronized fireflies (Pteroptyx tener Olivier) was conducted in Kuala Sepetang, Perak. It involved sampling efforts for six months, from November 2021 to April 2022. A total of 10 sampling stations were selected along 5.63 km from the upstream to the downstream of the river. A sweep net was used for sampling at each station, and the net was swept for two minutes. Such sampling was replicated twice at each station. At the same time, collecting vegetation samples was done by taking the leaves, flowers, fruits, tree trunks, and roots. For species identification, collected specimens were taken to the Laboratory of the School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). From this survey, a total of 111,622 individuals were recorded. This species has been observed on Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, and Sonneratia caseolaris. The distribution and abundance of fireflies in the sampling area were undocumented prior to this study. This study is being conducted to understand Pteroptys tener’s distribution in Malaysia better and to add knowledge about the undocumented area of Kuala Sepetang. By adding an undocumented location for this species, this study can contribute to and expand the knowledge of the distribution and occurrence of fireflies in Malaysia, particularly in Perak.
{"title":"The Occurrence of Pteroptyx tener Olivier Firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in Malaysia","authors":"Nurhafizul Abu Seri, Azimah Abd Rahman, Nur Faeza Abu Kassim, Noor Fazeera Ahmad Fuzi","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"A field survey of synchronized fireflies (Pteroptyx tener Olivier) was conducted in Kuala Sepetang, Perak. It involved sampling efforts for six months, from November 2021 to April 2022. A total of 10 sampling stations were selected along 5.63 km from the upstream to the downstream of the river. A sweep net was used for sampling at each station, and the net was swept for two minutes. Such sampling was replicated twice at each station. At the same time, collecting vegetation samples was done by taking the leaves, flowers, fruits, tree trunks, and roots. For species identification, collected specimens were taken to the Laboratory of the School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). From this survey, a total of 111,622 individuals were recorded. This species has been observed on Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, and Sonneratia caseolaris. The distribution and abundance of fireflies in the sampling area were undocumented prior to this study. This study is being conducted to understand Pteroptys tener’s distribution in Malaysia better and to add knowledge about the undocumented area of Kuala Sepetang. By adding an undocumented location for this species, this study can contribute to and expand the knowledge of the distribution and occurrence of fireflies in Malaysia, particularly in Perak.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47926471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omnia Momen Ahmed Khalifa Attallah, R. Delgoda, N. Benkeblia
To date, no study has investigated the variation of the primary metabolite profile of the fruit of Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. (commonly known as governor’s plum), an underutilised fruit in Jamaica. To fill this gap, the current study aimed to bring novel data on this fruit at two different ripe stages (light = deep wine-red colour and dark = fully darkened brown colour) and explore the variation of their metabolome profiles. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling identified 10 saccharides, 4 sugar alcohols, 11 organic acids, 24 fatty acids, and 8 amino acids in the light and dark colour fruits. However, some metabolites were not shared by both fruit ripening stages. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the different classes of the primary metabolites showed that the significant difference between the light and dark colour governor’s plum fruit is mainly determined by the content of sugars and organic acids, with the fully ripe (dark) stage expressing significant high levels of both. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that the profiled sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids were grouped into two main clusters. In contrast, organic acids and amino acids were grouped into one cluster. However, some metabolites were related to the clusters observed. With these profiles, it was concluded that the dark colour governor’s plum is in the true ripe stage, although the light colour fruit is commercially considered ripe.
{"title":"Profiling Primary Metabolites of Governor’s Plum Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. at Two Different Ripe Stages","authors":"Omnia Momen Ahmed Khalifa Attallah, R. Delgoda, N. Benkeblia","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.46.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"To date, no study has investigated the variation of the primary metabolite profile of the fruit of Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. (commonly known as governor’s plum), an underutilised fruit in Jamaica. To fill this gap, the current study aimed to bring novel data on this fruit at two different ripe stages (light = deep wine-red colour and dark = fully darkened brown colour) and explore the variation of their metabolome profiles. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling identified 10 saccharides, 4 sugar alcohols, 11 organic acids, 24 fatty acids, and 8 amino acids in the light and dark colour fruits. However, some metabolites were not shared by both fruit ripening stages. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the different classes of the primary metabolites showed that the significant difference between the light and dark colour governor’s plum fruit is mainly determined by the content of sugars and organic acids, with the fully ripe (dark) stage expressing significant high levels of both. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that the profiled sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids were grouped into two main clusters. In contrast, organic acids and amino acids were grouped into one cluster. However, some metabolites were related to the clusters observed. With these profiles, it was concluded that the dark colour governor’s plum is in the true ripe stage, although the light colour fruit is commercially considered ripe.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42845889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arshia Hematpoor, Sook Yee Liew, Hasmahzaiti Omar, Jamil A. Shilpi, Azeana Zahari, D. R. Syamsir, Haslinda Mohd Salleh, N. Tohar, Rosalind Pei Theng Kim, A. Qureshi, Ayu Afiqah Nasrullah, Gomathi Chan, Soon Huat Tiong, Omer Abdalla Ahmed Hamdi, M. R. Othman, Sow Tein Leong, K. Awang, Masdah Mawi, N. Asib
The insecticidal activities of extracts from 22 Malaysian medicinal plant extracts from 8 botanical families were tested against rice weevil: Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and lesser grain borer: Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). The extracts were obtained using hexane, methanol, and dichloromethane to extract potential biopesticides from dried leaves. The toxicity levels were examined periodically based on antifeedant activity and contact toxicity assays using treated grain assay. Hexane extracts of Alpinia conchigera, Alpinia scabra, Curcuma mangga, Curcuma purpurascens, Goniothalamus tapisoides, Piper sarmentosum, and methanol extracts of Curcuma aeruginosa, C. mangga, and Mitragyna speciosa were the most potent extracts against S. oryzae and R. dominica with lethal concentration (LC50) values of ≤ 0.42 mg/mL and ≤ 0.49 mg/mL, respectively. The contact toxicity test results showed that methanol extracts of C. aeruginosa and C. mangga, dichloromethane extracts of Cryptocarya nigra, and hexane extracts of C. mangga, and C. purpurascens resulted in 100% mortality of both pests within 28 days exposure of 5 mg/cm2 concentration.
{"title":"Toxicity of Malaysian Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica","authors":"Arshia Hematpoor, Sook Yee Liew, Hasmahzaiti Omar, Jamil A. Shilpi, Azeana Zahari, D. R. Syamsir, Haslinda Mohd Salleh, N. Tohar, Rosalind Pei Theng Kim, A. Qureshi, Ayu Afiqah Nasrullah, Gomathi Chan, Soon Huat Tiong, Omer Abdalla Ahmed Hamdi, M. R. Othman, Sow Tein Leong, K. Awang, Masdah Mawi, N. Asib","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.45.4.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.45.4.17","url":null,"abstract":"The insecticidal activities of extracts from 22 Malaysian medicinal plant extracts from 8 botanical families were tested against rice weevil: Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and lesser grain borer: Rhyzopertha dominica (F.). The extracts were obtained using hexane, methanol, and dichloromethane to extract potential biopesticides from dried leaves. The toxicity levels were examined periodically based on antifeedant activity and contact toxicity assays using treated grain assay. Hexane extracts of Alpinia conchigera, Alpinia scabra, Curcuma mangga, Curcuma purpurascens, Goniothalamus tapisoides, Piper sarmentosum, and methanol extracts of Curcuma aeruginosa, C. mangga, and Mitragyna speciosa were the most potent extracts against S. oryzae and R. dominica with lethal concentration (LC50) values of ≤ 0.42 mg/mL and ≤ 0.49 mg/mL, respectively. The contact toxicity test results showed that methanol extracts of C. aeruginosa and C. mangga, dichloromethane extracts of Cryptocarya nigra, and hexane extracts of C. mangga, and C. purpurascens resulted in 100% mortality of both pests within 28 days exposure of 5 mg/cm2 concentration.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42672737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pakjirat Singhaboot, Atjimaporn Phanomarpornchai, Chairampha Phuangsiri, Kawisara Boonthongtho, P. Kroeksakul
The liquid waste from the production of fruit preserves was used as an alternative carbon source to replace sugar in the traditional Hestrin-Schramm (HS) and coconut water media (CM) and reduce the cost of bacterial cellulose (BC) production. The sugar components of liquid wastes from preserved tamarind (LWT) and preserved mango (LWM) were characterized, and the total sugars were between 237.50 g/L and 231.90 g/L. The effects of the nutrients in the media with LWT and LWM on the production of BC by Acetobacter xylinum were determined. The result showed that A. xylinum could grow and produce BC in the media with liquid waste. The highest concentration of BC, 6.60±0.04 g/L, was obtained from the medium containing 25% (v/v) LWM. In a medium containing LWT, A. xylinum produced a maximum BC of 5.50±0.30 g/L when 12.5% (v/v) LWM was added. However, when the structure and physical properties of the BC from the liquid waste were characterized, it was similar to BC from the HS medium and CM medium without liquid waste.
{"title":"The Potential of Liquid Waste from the Fruit Preserves Production Process as a Low-cost Raw Material for the Production of Bacterial Cellulose","authors":"Pakjirat Singhaboot, Atjimaporn Phanomarpornchai, Chairampha Phuangsiri, Kawisara Boonthongtho, P. Kroeksakul","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.45.4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.45.4.16","url":null,"abstract":"The liquid waste from the production of fruit preserves was used as an alternative carbon source to replace sugar in the traditional Hestrin-Schramm (HS) and coconut water media (CM) and reduce the cost of bacterial cellulose (BC) production. The sugar components of liquid wastes from preserved tamarind (LWT) and preserved mango (LWM) were characterized, and the total sugars were between 237.50 g/L and 231.90 g/L. The effects of the nutrients in the media with LWT and LWM on the production of BC by Acetobacter xylinum were determined. The result showed that A. xylinum could grow and produce BC in the media with liquid waste. The highest concentration of BC, 6.60±0.04 g/L, was obtained from the medium containing 25% (v/v) LWM. In a medium containing LWT, A. xylinum produced a maximum BC of 5.50±0.30 g/L when 12.5% (v/v) LWM was added. However, when the structure and physical properties of the BC from the liquid waste were characterized, it was similar to BC from the HS medium and CM medium without liquid waste.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44645083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial cellulose (BC) producing bacterial strains were isolated from bio-extract (BE). Nine isolates that can produce BC in Hestrin–Schramm medium (HS medium) were identified. The BC production of these isolates was then investigated using agricultural waste as a raw material. The agricultural waste (banana, papaya, dragon fruit, and mango peels) was used as a carbon source for BC production. After incubation, the highest dry weight of BC reached 0.93±0.27 g/L, and 4.07±0.27 g/L was obtained from isolate BE073 in a medium containing mango and dragon fruit peels because the raw materials state is appropriate for bacterial growth. In a medium with papaya peel, the highest dry weight of BC was obtained from isolate BE052 at about 1.08±0.05 g/L. None of the strains was able to grow with the banana medium. However, all the isolate strains could grow and produce BC in the HS medium. The maximum dry weights of BC of 4.31±0.45 g/L, 4.23±0.13 g/L, and 4.21±0.25 g/L were obtained from isolates BE123, BE052, and BE073, respectively, and Acetobacter xylinum produced BC at 2.39±0.11 g/L. The structure and physical properties of BC produced from bacterial isolates using agricultural waste were characterized. It was similar to BC produced from HS medium and production from the reference strain A. xylinum. This study demonstrates the ability for BC production of bacterial strains isolated from bio-extract. It is also demonstrated that agricultural waste is a suitable and alternative carbon source for raw material in BC production
{"title":"High Performance of Bacterial Strain Isolated from Bio-Extract for Cellulose Production","authors":"Pakjirat Singhaboot, P. Kroeksakul","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.45.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.45.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial cellulose (BC) producing bacterial strains were isolated from bio-extract (BE). Nine isolates that can produce BC in Hestrin–Schramm medium (HS medium) were identified. The BC production of these isolates was then investigated using agricultural waste as a raw material. The agricultural waste (banana, papaya, dragon fruit, and mango peels) was used as a carbon source for BC production. After incubation, the highest dry weight of BC reached 0.93±0.27 g/L, and 4.07±0.27 g/L was obtained from isolate BE073 in a medium containing mango and dragon fruit peels because the raw materials state is appropriate for bacterial growth. In a medium with papaya peel, the highest dry weight of BC was obtained from isolate BE052 at about 1.08±0.05 g/L. None of the strains was able to grow with the banana medium. However, all the isolate strains could grow and produce BC in the HS medium. The maximum dry weights of BC of 4.31±0.45 g/L, 4.23±0.13 g/L, and 4.21±0.25 g/L were obtained from isolates BE123, BE052, and BE073, respectively, and Acetobacter xylinum produced BC at 2.39±0.11 g/L. The structure and physical properties of BC produced from bacterial isolates using agricultural waste were characterized. It was similar to BC produced from HS medium and production from the reference strain A. xylinum. This study demonstrates the ability for BC production of bacterial strains isolated from bio-extract. It is also demonstrated that agricultural waste is a suitable and alternative carbon source for raw material in BC production","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42717600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jafar Ali Natasha, A. R. Yasmin, Abd Manan Siti-Maisarah, Zakaria Nur-Anis, Murugasu Tharshaini, S. Arshad, W. Ayuni, M. N. Mohammed, Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila
Free-roaming and scavenging lifestyles of Rattus spp. in densely populated urban areas expose them to multiple pathogens that facilitate the transmission of infection to the human population more rapidly, raising public health concerns. There is limited information on the status of rat susceptibility to virus infection, particularly West Nile virus (WNV), herpesvirus, and parvovirus, to prepare for emerging zoonosis. A total of 23 (n = 23) blood samples collected from Rattus spp. in the wet market areas of Klang Valley, Malaysia, were subjected to molecular assay using a one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the highly conserved region of the WNV capsid and pre-membrane protein via nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting highly conserved amino acid motifs within the herpesviral DNA-directed DNA polymerase gene (DPOL) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the parvovirus non-structural (NS) protein. As a result, 4 out of 23 (17.39%) rats were positive for herpesvirus DNA, but none were positive for WNV RNA and parvovirus DNA. The positive PCR amplicons of herpesvirus DNA were subjected to partial DNA sequencing analysis, 100% identical to Acomys herpesvirus SVMS 226,222 from Betaherpesvirinae, which is highly suggestive of rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV). This study has successfully demonstrated the presence of RCMV from Rattus spp. in the Klang Valley. The RCMV potentially crosses species barriers and establishes infection, raising public health concerns. The non-viraemic state of WNV or parvovirus infection, low sample size, and limited niche distribution emphasise the need for the expansion of this study in the future.
{"title":"Screening of West Nile Virus, Herpesvirus, and Parvovirus in Rattus spp. in Klang Valley, Malaysia","authors":"Jafar Ali Natasha, A. R. Yasmin, Abd Manan Siti-Maisarah, Zakaria Nur-Anis, Murugasu Tharshaini, S. Arshad, W. Ayuni, M. N. Mohammed, Saulol Hamid Nur-Fazila","doi":"10.47836/pjtas.45.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.45.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"Free-roaming and scavenging lifestyles of Rattus spp. in densely populated urban areas expose them to multiple pathogens that facilitate the transmission of infection to the human population more rapidly, raising public health concerns. There is limited information on the status of rat susceptibility to virus infection, particularly West Nile virus (WNV), herpesvirus, and parvovirus, to prepare for emerging zoonosis. A total of 23 (n = 23) blood samples collected from Rattus spp. in the wet market areas of Klang Valley, Malaysia, were subjected to molecular assay using a one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the highly conserved region of the WNV capsid and pre-membrane protein via nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting highly conserved amino acid motifs within the herpesviral DNA-directed DNA polymerase gene (DPOL) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the parvovirus non-structural (NS) protein. As a result, 4 out of 23 (17.39%) rats were positive for herpesvirus DNA, but none were positive for WNV RNA and parvovirus DNA. The positive PCR amplicons of herpesvirus DNA were subjected to partial DNA sequencing analysis, 100% identical to Acomys herpesvirus SVMS 226,222 from Betaherpesvirinae, which is highly suggestive of rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV). This study has successfully demonstrated the presence of RCMV from Rattus spp. in the Klang Valley. The RCMV potentially crosses species barriers and establishes infection, raising public health concerns. The non-viraemic state of WNV or parvovirus infection, low sample size, and limited niche distribution emphasise the need for the expansion of this study in the future.","PeriodicalId":19890,"journal":{"name":"Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48793122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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