Background: Adolescents are vulnerable to the transmission of COVID-19. Compared to the other age groups, teenagers have a lower knowledge of health protocols. This situation can lead to the continuous increase in the number of COVID-19 cases although the application of health protocols following CDC guidelines is already in place globally. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine adolescents knowledge about COVID-19 preventive measures according to CDC guidelines. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study with the snowball sampling method. It was conducted by distributing digital questionnaires in October 2021 to adolescents aged 12-18 years. Furthermore, a descriptive analysis related to knowledge and its differences was done based on the characteristics of adolescents. Result: About 80% of adolescents had good knowledge about COVID-19 preventive measures according to CDC guidelines. However, most of the adolescents did not have sufficient knowledge about proper handwashing, proper use and care of masks, and social distancing. Conclusion: Adolescent knowledge about the application of health protocols according to CDC guidelines needs to be improved. Educational interventions are needed to educate adolescents about health protocols against COVID-19.
{"title":"Adolescent knowledge in COVID-19 prevention based on Centres for Disease Control guideline","authors":"Dinda Monika Nusantara Ratri, Muhammad Farid, Hasbi As-Shiddiq, Airlangga Revy Priono, Ananda Eka Putri Widhayatina, Devita Fatikhasari, Dinda Chaerani, Ellyna Majesty Ayundari, Farhan Rizqi Windianto, Kallista Freda Meir, Lie Chaterine Marthadilawati, Ludiro Seto Prasetiyo Gomo, Moch Tri Widya Octaviandy, Muhammad Rizky Naufal Ramadhan, Peggy Ignatia Winarko, Satya Andiva Azhalia, Widad Sekar Putri Rinardi","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.316320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.316320","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescents are vulnerable to the transmission of COVID-19. Compared to the other age groups, teenagers have a lower knowledge of health protocols. This situation can lead to the continuous increase in the number of COVID-19 cases although the application of health protocols following CDC guidelines is already in place globally. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine adolescents knowledge about COVID-19 preventive measures according to CDC guidelines. Method: This study is a cross-sectional study with the snowball sampling method. It was conducted by distributing digital questionnaires in October 2021 to adolescents aged 12-18 years. Furthermore, a descriptive analysis related to knowledge and its differences was done based on the characteristics of adolescents. Result: About 80% of adolescents had good knowledge about COVID-19 preventive measures according to CDC guidelines. However, most of the adolescents did not have sufficient knowledge about proper handwashing, proper use and care of masks, and social distancing. Conclusion: Adolescent knowledge about the application of health protocols according to CDC guidelines needs to be improved. Educational interventions are needed to educate adolescents about health protocols against COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.164167
Hadi Suprapto, Yunita Nita, Andi Hermansyah
Background: Pharmaceutical inventory management (PIM) is important for efficient budgeting and cost control of medicines. This is particularly critical for local health offices in Indonesia, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Objective: To assess the PIM in the Gunungkidul health office in Indonesia. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study evaluating inventory data was conducted between January and May 2022. Data obtained from 2019 to 2021 were triangulated with other data from the Ministry of Health and public health centres in Gunungkidul. Results: The availability of medicine items as compared to the national formulary was 95% (2019), 94% (2020), and 90% (2021), respectively. Purchasing budget was achieved at 96% (2019), 87% (2020), and over 120% (2021), respectively. The Inventory Turnover Ratio was between 1.23 and 1.49. The shortage of medicine occurs at a minimum rate of 15% per year. This was in contrast with overstocking at 35% for a particular medicine. Expired medicine was found at the rate of 8% (2019), 5% (2020), and 13%(2021) respectively. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges in the pharmaceutical inventory management in Gunungkidul as indicated by irregularities in the planning and procurement trajectories. The inability to anticipate crises due to the pandemic has contributed to poor management of pharmaceuticals.
{"title":"Assessment of pharmaceutical inventory management in an Indonesian district health office: A pioneer study during the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Hadi Suprapto, Yunita Nita, Andi Hermansyah","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.164167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.164167","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pharmaceutical inventory management (PIM) is important for efficient budgeting and cost control of medicines. This is particularly critical for local health offices in Indonesia, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Objective: To assess the PIM in the Gunungkidul health office in Indonesia. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study evaluating inventory data was conducted between January and May 2022. Data obtained from 2019 to 2021 were triangulated with other data from the Ministry of Health and public health centres in Gunungkidul. Results: The availability of medicine items as compared to the national formulary was 95% (2019), 94% (2020), and 90% (2021), respectively. Purchasing budget was achieved at 96% (2019), 87% (2020), and over 120% (2021), respectively. The Inventory Turnover Ratio was between 1.23 and 1.49. The shortage of medicine occurs at a minimum rate of 15% per year. This was in contrast with overstocking at 35% for a particular medicine. Expired medicine was found at the rate of 8% (2019), 5% (2020), and 13%(2021) respectively. Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges in the pharmaceutical inventory management in Gunungkidul as indicated by irregularities in the planning and procurement trajectories. The inability to anticipate crises due to the pandemic has contributed to poor management of pharmaceuticals.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly progressive and degenerative joint disease. Symptoms of pain and inflammation are influenced by IL-1β, which increases COX-2 enzyme activity and PGE2 production. Sumenep Sondhep herbs are used by the community for joint pain. Objective: To evaluate the activities of the Sumenep Sondhep herb in reducing the cytokine IL-1β in the OA rats model. Methods: Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induction was carried out on animal OA models. Rats were treated with Sondhep extract for 28 days. Knee diameter and hyperalgesia responses were recorded every week until the 7th week. The IL-1β levels were observed on the 21st and 49th days using the ELISA method. Results: There was a significant difference in decreasing the diameter of the rat's knee (p < 0.05), increasing the hyperalgesia test in the rats (p < 0.05), and decreasing IL-1β levels between before and after treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Sondhep Sumenep herb has activity against osteoarthritis by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in OA rat models.
{"title":"Activities of sondhep herbs to cause changes in IL-1β in an osteoarthritis rat model","authors":"Retno Widyowati, Iffatur Rosyidah, Via Qurrota A’yun, Rice Disi Oktarina, Irawati Sholikhah, Ram Kumar Sahu","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.228232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.228232","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a slowly progressive and degenerative joint disease. Symptoms of pain and inflammation are influenced by IL-1β, which increases COX-2 enzyme activity and PGE2 production. Sumenep Sondhep herbs are used by the community for joint pain. Objective: To evaluate the activities of the Sumenep Sondhep herb in reducing the cytokine IL-1β in the OA rats model. Methods: Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induction was carried out on animal OA models. Rats were treated with Sondhep extract for 28 days. Knee diameter and hyperalgesia responses were recorded every week until the 7th week. The IL-1β levels were observed on the 21st and 49th days using the ELISA method. Results: There was a significant difference in decreasing the diameter of the rat's knee (p < 0.05), increasing the hyperalgesia test in the rats (p < 0.05), and decreasing IL-1β levels between before and after treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The Sondhep Sumenep herb has activity against osteoarthritis by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in OA rat models.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.168172
Didik Hasmono, Samirah Samirah, Ni Putu Ayu Deviana Gayatri, Naning Ni’mawati, Halim Prihayau Jaya, Erwin Astha Triono
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor that can increase the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19 infection. The use of antidiabetic drugs for diabetes mellitus patients with COVID-19 infection is very important to reduce these impacts. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic drug profiles of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus. Method: This study was an analytic cross-sectional electronic medical record data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and comorbid Diabetes Mellitus. It was carried out from May until December 2020. Result: A total of 106 patients were involved and different types of antidiabetic drugs were used i.e., glimepiride in 32 patients (31.13%), metformin in 18 patients (16.98%), combination of long-acting and rapid-acting insulin in 20 patients (18.87%), and combination of metformin and glimepiride in 18 patients (16.98%). Conclusion: The most commonly prescribed single antidiabetic therapy in patients with COVID-19 and comorbid diabetes mellitus was glimepiride, followed by glimepiride and metformin. The most common insulin therapy combination was long-acting and rapid-acting insulin.
{"title":"Antidiabetic drug profile of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus","authors":"Didik Hasmono, Samirah Samirah, Ni Putu Ayu Deviana Gayatri, Naning Ni’mawati, Halim Prihayau Jaya, Erwin Astha Triono","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.168172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.168172","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor that can increase the severity and mortality of patients with COVID-19 infection. The use of antidiabetic drugs for diabetes mellitus patients with COVID-19 infection is very important to reduce these impacts. Objective: This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic drug profiles of COVID-19 patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus. Method: This study was an analytic cross-sectional electronic medical record data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and comorbid Diabetes Mellitus. It was carried out from May until December 2020. Result: A total of 106 patients were involved and different types of antidiabetic drugs were used i.e., glimepiride in 32 patients (31.13%), metformin in 18 patients (16.98%), combination of long-acting and rapid-acting insulin in 20 patients (18.87%), and combination of metformin and glimepiride in 18 patients (16.98%). Conclusion: The most commonly prescribed single antidiabetic therapy in patients with COVID-19 and comorbid diabetes mellitus was glimepiride, followed by glimepiride and metformin. The most common insulin therapy combination was long-acting and rapid-acting insulin.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.219223
None Susilawati, R. Hamdani Harahap, Miswar Budi Mulya, Lita Sri Andayani, Reinpal Falefi
Background: Community-Based Sanitation Management (CBSM) in coastal areas requires motivation and support from various stakeholders. Objective: To analyse the level of CBSM based on the socio-economic status of the community and its constraints. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the subdistrict of Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia with a sample size of 414 households. The outcome measured in this study is the economic impact on CBSM. Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with variable tests of economics and the level of CBSM. Result: Most communities living in coastal settlements have inadequate sanitation knowledge and skills, which poses an inhibiting factor for management. Conclusion: Community participation in sanitation management in coastal areas is significantly low (low=27.7%, medium=65.0%). Therefore, support from stakeholders is needed. This study recommends that early and continuous education alongside training is required to increase knowledge on clean, healthy, and sustainable sanitation management.
{"title":"Assessment of community-based sanitation management in coastal areas from an economic and financial perspective","authors":"None Susilawati, R. Hamdani Harahap, Miswar Budi Mulya, Lita Sri Andayani, Reinpal Falefi","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.219223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.219223","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Community-Based Sanitation Management (CBSM) in coastal areas requires motivation and support from various stakeholders. Objective: To analyse the level of CBSM based on the socio-economic status of the community and its constraints. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the subdistrict of Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia with a sample size of 414 households. The outcome measured in this study is the economic impact on CBSM. Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with variable tests of economics and the level of CBSM. Result: Most communities living in coastal settlements have inadequate sanitation knowledge and skills, which poses an inhibiting factor for management. Conclusion: Community participation in sanitation management in coastal areas is significantly low (low=27.7%, medium=65.0%). Therefore, support from stakeholders is needed. This study recommends that early and continuous education alongside training is required to increase knowledge on clean, healthy, and sustainable sanitation management.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.145148
Familian Kusuma, Misbahul Munir, Ana Yuda, Andi Hermansyah
Background: Storing medicines at home has been linked with irrational use, misuse, and pharmaceutical waste leading to an increased burden on the health system. Objective: This study examined the practice of storing and handling medicines at home, calculated the potential economic loss of pharmaceutical wastes, and measured the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of household medicine management. Method: A cross-sectional household survey using a pre-validated ReDiUM (Return and Disposal of Unused Medications) questionnaire was conducted in Lamongan, Indonesia. A convenience sampling of 100 families was done and the findings were subsequently analysed. Results: A low portion of families (37%) obtained medicines from authorised pharmacies. The majority (68%) mentioned that housewives managed the medicines at home. More than half (57%) stated that they still keep the leftover medicines and only one-third of the respondents (37%) stored them in the medicine basket. As a result, potential economic loss was estimated at around $2 per family. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient test showed a strong positive association between knowledge and attitude (p < 0.05) Conclusion: Management of medicines at home has been an underrated topic within contemporary pharmacy research despite its potential threat to community health.
{"title":"Assessment of medicines and potential pharmaceutical wastes management among households in Lamongan, Indonesia","authors":"Familian Kusuma, Misbahul Munir, Ana Yuda, Andi Hermansyah","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.145148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.145148","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Storing medicines at home has been linked with irrational use, misuse, and pharmaceutical waste leading to an increased burden on the health system. Objective: This study examined the practice of storing and handling medicines at home, calculated the potential economic loss of pharmaceutical wastes, and measured the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of household medicine management. Method: A cross-sectional household survey using a pre-validated ReDiUM (Return and Disposal of Unused Medications) questionnaire was conducted in Lamongan, Indonesia. A convenience sampling of 100 families was done and the findings were subsequently analysed. Results: A low portion of families (37%) obtained medicines from authorised pharmacies. The majority (68%) mentioned that housewives managed the medicines at home. More than half (57%) stated that they still keep the leftover medicines and only one-third of the respondents (37%) stored them in the medicine basket. As a result, potential economic loss was estimated at around $2 per family. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient test showed a strong positive association between knowledge and attitude (p < 0.05) Conclusion: Management of medicines at home has been an underrated topic within contemporary pharmacy research despite its potential threat to community health.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136295404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.105109
Musa Intan Maslina, Abdullah Amira Raudhah
Background: Engineered bone tissue, made up of hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold is the current alternative in bone transplant. The scaffold needs to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) to support bone growth and repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) are vital in producing a suitable ECM environment to promote bone regeneration. Objective: To elucidate the synergistic effect of VEGF and BMP-2 growth factors on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Method: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro and seeded onto a HA scaffold supplied with VEGF and BMP-2 growth factors. The characterisation of its mineralisation was evaluated on Day three and Day seven using the Alizarin Red staining (ARS) technique. Result: Positive ARS staining was observed in the HA scaffold supplied with VEGF and BMP-2 growth factors in vitro, thus indicating that a high level of calcium was deposited. These results suggest that the combined use of VEGF and BMP-2 will increase cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Conclusion: Therefore, the synergistic effects of VEGF and BMP-2-loaded HA scaffold confirm the process as a promising approach to enhance the osteogenic effect and support cellular functions of osteoblastic cells in bone tissue engineering applications.
{"title":"Hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold supplemented with VEGF and BMP-2 growth factors enhanced osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells","authors":"Musa Intan Maslina, Abdullah Amira Raudhah","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.105109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.105109","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Engineered bone tissue, made up of hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold is the current alternative in bone transplant. The scaffold needs to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) to support bone growth and repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) are vital in producing a suitable ECM environment to promote bone regeneration. Objective: To elucidate the synergistic effect of VEGF and BMP-2 growth factors on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Method: MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in vitro and seeded onto a HA scaffold supplied with VEGF and BMP-2 growth factors. The characterisation of its mineralisation was evaluated on Day three and Day seven using the Alizarin Red staining (ARS) technique. Result: Positive ARS staining was observed in the HA scaffold supplied with VEGF and BMP-2 growth factors in vitro, thus indicating that a high level of calcium was deposited. These results suggest that the combined use of VEGF and BMP-2 will increase cell proliferation and osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Conclusion: Therefore, the synergistic effects of VEGF and BMP-2-loaded HA scaffold confirm the process as a promising approach to enhance the osteogenic effect and support cellular functions of osteoblastic cells in bone tissue engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Drug labelling in prescription services is a critical stage because it contains information about the use of medicines. Objective: This study aimed to discover the drug information listed on the label of the eye drops prescription service at pharmacies in Surabaya. Method: An observational study with a cross-sectional design was used to conduct this research. Data collection was performed with the simulated patient method. The information on the label was examined using a checklist based on the “FIP Guidelines for The Labels of Prescribed Medicines” and the Minister of Health Regulation No. 73 of 2016. Result: Of 138 pharmacies visited in this study, 105 (76%) pharmacies dispensed the drug, and 83 (79%) pharmacies placed a label on the drug. The information that appeared the most was the pharmacy name (100.0%), pharmacy address (95.2%), patient name (90.4%), individual dosage instructions (100.0%), and dispensing date (88.0%). Then, the indicators that appear the least include the product name (9.6%), dosage form (2.4%), amount of drug (4.8%), expiration date (1.2%), and storage instructions (2.4%). Conclusion: Eye drops need to be maintained for their safety and efficacy. Hence, the period after opening needs to be included in the label.
{"title":"Profile of eye drops labelling of pharmacies’ prescription service in Surabaya","authors":"Frenido Aryanto, None Syahrul Wahyudi, None Arie Sulistyarini, None Ana Yuda, None Mufarrihah","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.336339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.336339","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug labelling in prescription services is a critical stage because it contains information about the use of medicines. Objective: This study aimed to discover the drug information listed on the label of the eye drops prescription service at pharmacies in Surabaya. Method: An observational study with a cross-sectional design was used to conduct this research. Data collection was performed with the simulated patient method. The information on the label was examined using a checklist based on the “FIP Guidelines for The Labels of Prescribed Medicines” and the Minister of Health Regulation No. 73 of 2016. Result: Of 138 pharmacies visited in this study, 105 (76%) pharmacies dispensed the drug, and 83 (79%) pharmacies placed a label on the drug. The information that appeared the most was the pharmacy name (100.0%), pharmacy address (95.2%), patient name (90.4%), individual dosage instructions (100.0%), and dispensing date (88.0%). Then, the indicators that appear the least include the product name (9.6%), dosage form (2.4%), amount of drug (4.8%), expiration date (1.2%), and storage instructions (2.4%). Conclusion: Eye drops need to be maintained for their safety and efficacy. Hence, the period after opening needs to be included in the label.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136352736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.304310
Dini Agustina, None Diana Chusna Mufida, None Enny Suswati, None M. Ali Shodikin, None Bagus Hermansyah, None Ajeng Samrotu Sa'adah, None Tio Wisnu Pradana Putra, None Samudra Ayu
Background: One of the gram-negative bacteria often found as the cause of nosocomial infections is Klebsiella pneumoniae. This bacterium has a mortality rate of 28.3% due to ESBL strains that cause resistance to several antibiotics and the absence of a vaccine as a preventive measure. Objective: To determine the level of IL-10 in the spleen after induction of the protein pili K. pneumoniae 65.5 kDa in mice. Method: This study used mice spleen samples from 21 mice aged six to eight weeks in an experimental investigation with a randomised posttest-only control group design. There are three groups, K1 as a PBS-given control, 65.5 kDa antigen protein pills + Freund’s adjuvants are given to K2, and Freund's adjuvants are given to K3. Interleukin-10 concentrations were measured using the ELISA and analysed by a one-way ANOVA assay. Result: The research showed significant differences in each group at IL-10 levels after administration of the pili protein K. pneumoniae using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.036). The treatment group had the highest average levels of IL-10, so there was an increased association between exposure to pili protein and IL-10 levels in rats. A significant increase in IL-10 levels was found in the treatment group compared to the control and adjuvant groups. Conclusion: Induction of protein pili Klebsiella pneumoniae 65.5 kDa increases IL-10 levels in spleen mice.
{"title":"Increased levels of IL-10 in the spleen after induction of pili protein 65.5 kDa Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"Dini Agustina, None Diana Chusna Mufida, None Enny Suswati, None M. Ali Shodikin, None Bagus Hermansyah, None Ajeng Samrotu Sa'adah, None Tio Wisnu Pradana Putra, None Samudra Ayu","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.304310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.304310","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the gram-negative bacteria often found as the cause of nosocomial infections is Klebsiella pneumoniae. This bacterium has a mortality rate of 28.3% due to ESBL strains that cause resistance to several antibiotics and the absence of a vaccine as a preventive measure. Objective: To determine the level of IL-10 in the spleen after induction of the protein pili K. pneumoniae 65.5 kDa in mice. Method: This study used mice spleen samples from 21 mice aged six to eight weeks in an experimental investigation with a randomised posttest-only control group design. There are three groups, K1 as a PBS-given control, 65.5 kDa antigen protein pills + Freund’s adjuvants are given to K2, and Freund's adjuvants are given to K3. Interleukin-10 concentrations were measured using the ELISA and analysed by a one-way ANOVA assay. Result: The research showed significant differences in each group at IL-10 levels after administration of the pili protein K. pneumoniae using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.036). The treatment group had the highest average levels of IL-10, so there was an increased association between exposure to pili protein and IL-10 levels in rats. A significant increase in IL-10 levels was found in the treatment group compared to the control and adjuvant groups. Conclusion: Induction of protein pili Klebsiella pneumoniae 65.5 kDa increases IL-10 levels in spleen mice.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.46542/pe.2023.234.8286
Ninna Rohmawati, Abdul Azis Akbar, Tiara Nurfaradila
Background: Stunting is one of the global health problems that need to be considered because the impacts are very complex and long term. There are various factors that influence the incidence of stunting, including food security and parenting. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the status of household food security and parenting, as risk factors of stunting among toddlers in Pamekasan regency. Method: This research was done using the observational analytic with a case control design. Result: Household food security status had a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting. Toddlers who were in food-insecure households had a 3.5 times greater risk of experiencing stunting compared to toddlers in food-resistant families. There is a relationship between these two variables. Toddlers with poor parenting had an 8.4 times higher risk of experiencing stunting compared to toddlers with good parenting. Conclusion: The status of household food security and parenting is a risk factor for the incidence of stunting.
{"title":"Food security and parenting as risk factors of stunting in toddlers aged 24 to 59 months","authors":"Ninna Rohmawati, Abdul Azis Akbar, Tiara Nurfaradila","doi":"10.46542/pe.2023.234.8286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.234.8286","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stunting is one of the global health problems that need to be considered because the impacts are very complex and long term. There are various factors that influence the incidence of stunting, including food security and parenting. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the status of household food security and parenting, as risk factors of stunting among toddlers in Pamekasan regency. Method: This research was done using the observational analytic with a case control design. Result: Household food security status had a significant relationship with the incidence of stunting. Toddlers who were in food-insecure households had a 3.5 times greater risk of experiencing stunting compared to toddlers in food-resistant families. There is a relationship between these two variables. Toddlers with poor parenting had an 8.4 times higher risk of experiencing stunting compared to toddlers with good parenting. Conclusion: The status of household food security and parenting is a risk factor for the incidence of stunting.","PeriodicalId":19944,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy Education","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136353231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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