Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20220722090715
J. Shafi
The present study was conducted to find viable and economic ingredients for fish feed by evaluating the effect of partial fish meal replacement with duckweed ( Lemna minor ) in Gibelion catla feed. Four different isonitrogenous feeds (with 0, 10, 20 and 30% replacement of fish meal with) were prepared and fed to juvenile catla for 60 days at the rate of 5% fish biomass. No significant difference ( P >0.05) in fish growth parameters and feed efficiency was observed among the treatments. There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter among treatments. Feed ADC (protein) with duckweed at 30% inclusion level was significantly lower ( P <0.05) compared to the other treatments. There was no significant difference in muscle composition of fish reared under the four treatments. Results of the present study showed that duckweed can be used to replace up to 20% of fish meal in feed of catla without any negative effect on fish growth or feed digestibility.
{"title":"Effect of Duckweed-Based Aquafeeds on Feed Digestibility and Growth Performance of Gibelion catla","authors":"J. Shafi","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20220722090715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20220722090715","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to find viable and economic ingredients for fish feed by evaluating the effect of partial fish meal replacement with duckweed ( Lemna minor ) in Gibelion catla feed. Four different isonitrogenous feeds (with 0, 10, 20 and 30% replacement of fish meal with) were prepared and fed to juvenile catla for 60 days at the rate of 5% fish biomass. No significant difference ( P >0.05) in fish growth parameters and feed efficiency was observed among the treatments. There was no significant difference in apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter among treatments. Feed ADC (protein) with duckweed at 30% inclusion level was significantly lower ( P <0.05) compared to the other treatments. There was no significant difference in muscle composition of fish reared under the four treatments. Results of the present study showed that duckweed can be used to replace up to 20% of fish meal in feed of catla without any negative effect on fish growth or feed digestibility.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67564112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20220813160811
Lijuan Liu
.
．
{"title":"A Review of 20 Years Research Progression on Prodrug Technology in Inhaled Medications","authors":"Lijuan Liu","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20220813160811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20220813160811","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67565342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20220812000812
M. K. A. el-Megid
.
．
{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Gamma Irradiated Sesame Seeds","authors":"M. K. A. el-Megid","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20220812000812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20220812000812","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67565715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20220823110833
T. Bozlar
This study aimed to determine the effect of spatial and climatic factors on the productivity of chestnut honey and chestnut propolis produced in chestnut forests and to reveal the potential contribution of their production to the economy. The study area included the provinces of Artvin, Trabzon, Ordu and Samsun in the Eastern and Central Black Sea Region, and covered the beekeepers producing chestnut honey and chestnut propolis in chestnut forests. The primary data of the study were obtained from the yield measurements of chestnut honey and chestnut propolis obtained from the hives, whereas the secondary data were obtained from the surveys conducted with beekeepers. Analysis of variance, independent sample t-test and correlation analysis were used to analyze the statistical difference between the chestnut honey and chestnut propolis yields of the beehives in different provinces. It was determined that there was a negative relationship between the yield of chestnut honey and chestnut propolis, relative humidity and wind speed, and a positive relationship between yield and altitude, temperature and precipitation. The potential contribution of chestnut honey and propolis production was US $ 51.10 million to the Eastern and Central Black Sea Region economy.
{"title":"Spatial and Climatic Analysis of Chestnut Honey and Propolis Produced in Chestnut Forests and Their Potential Contribution to the Economy","authors":"T. Bozlar","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20220823110833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20220823110833","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effect of spatial and climatic factors on the productivity of chestnut honey and chestnut propolis produced in chestnut forests and to reveal the potential contribution of their production to the economy. The study area included the provinces of Artvin, Trabzon, Ordu and Samsun in the Eastern and Central Black Sea Region, and covered the beekeepers producing chestnut honey and chestnut propolis in chestnut forests. The primary data of the study were obtained from the yield measurements of chestnut honey and chestnut propolis obtained from the hives, whereas the secondary data were obtained from the surveys conducted with beekeepers. Analysis of variance, independent sample t-test and correlation analysis were used to analyze the statistical difference between the chestnut honey and chestnut propolis yields of the beehives in different provinces. It was determined that there was a negative relationship between the yield of chestnut honey and chestnut propolis, relative humidity and wind speed, and a positive relationship between yield and altitude, temperature and precipitation. The potential contribution of chestnut honey and propolis production was US $ 51.10 million to the Eastern and Central Black Sea Region economy.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67566192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20221105001122
W. Xiong
langsoni , Pseudohemiculter dispar , Ptychidio jordani , and Cranoglanis bouderius ), qualify for recognition as Threatened Species. Overfishing, water flow diversions and modifications, and the impacts of non-native species are the greatest threats to freshwater fish biodiversity in the Yujiang River. We recommend the adoption and enforcement of additional protected areas, improvement in approaches to sustainable fishery management, much better control of non-native species, and an improvement in and the expansion of fish life-history research. Our study contributes recommendations for the better protection of freshwater fish biodiversity and the development of sustainable fisheries in the Yujiang River.
{"title":"Biodiversity and Conservation of Freshwater Fishes in the Yujiang River, China","authors":"W. Xiong","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20221105001122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20221105001122","url":null,"abstract":"langsoni , Pseudohemiculter dispar , Ptychidio jordani , and Cranoglanis bouderius ), qualify for recognition as Threatened Species. Overfishing, water flow diversions and modifications, and the impacts of non-native species are the greatest threats to freshwater fish biodiversity in the Yujiang River. We recommend the adoption and enforcement of additional protected areas, improvement in approaches to sustainable fishery management, much better control of non-native species, and an improvement in and the expansion of fish life-history research. Our study contributes recommendations for the better protection of freshwater fish biodiversity and the development of sustainable fisheries in the Yujiang River.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20221013201049
Khalid Mahmood
The family Nimravidae is poorly known from the Siwalik Group that comprises freshwater deposits having an age that spans 18.0-0.6 Ma. The new material recovered from the Dhok Ban Ameer Khatoon (Chinji Formation) and Sethi Nagri (type locality of the Nagri Formation) is assigned to Sansanosmilus rhomboidalis based on the morphology of canine. The recovered material is unique and rare in the Siwaliks of northern Pakistan. It also increases the stratigraphic range of this barbourofelines species from the Chinji Formation to the Nagri Formation.
Nimravidae家族在Siwalik组中鲜为人知，该组由年龄为18.0-0.6 Ma的淡水矿床组成。在Dhok Ban Ameer Khatoon (Chinji组)和Sethi Nagri (Nagri组的模式地点)中发现的新材料根据犬类的形态归属于Sansanosmilus rhomboidalis。这种回收的材料在巴基斯坦北部的siwalik地区是独一无二的。这也增加了从Chinji组到Nagri组这一有刺猫科动物物种的地层范围。
{"title":"Barbourofelines from the Middle-Late Miocene of the Siwaliks, Pakistan","authors":"Khalid Mahmood","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20221013201049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20221013201049","url":null,"abstract":"The family Nimravidae is poorly known from the Siwalik Group that comprises freshwater deposits having an age that spans 18.0-0.6 Ma. The new material recovered from the Dhok Ban Ameer Khatoon (Chinji Formation) and Sethi Nagri (type locality of the Nagri Formation) is assigned to Sansanosmilus rhomboidalis based on the morphology of canine. The recovered material is unique and rare in the Siwaliks of northern Pakistan. It also increases the stratigraphic range of this barbourofelines species from the Chinji Formation to the Nagri Formation.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67568710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20230227080206
Ke Li
{"title":"Freshwater Fish Biodiversity in Liangzi Lake","authors":"Ke Li","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20230227080206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20230227080206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135263931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20221209061208
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro
{"title":"Controlling Bactrocera spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) Through Release of Parasitoids and Mass-Trapping in Orchard Agro-Ecosystem of Sindh","authors":"Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20221209061208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20221209061208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135317457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20220118110134
Qingqing Liu
1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China 2College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China. Article Information Received 18 January 2022 Revised 05 April 2022 Accepted 23 April 2022 Available online 08 September 2023 (early access)
{"title":"Polymorphisms of ESR1, PGR and CYP19A1 Genes and their Association with Litter Size in Small-Tailed Han Sheep","authors":"Qingqing Liu","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20220118110134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20220118110134","url":null,"abstract":"1Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China 2College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China. Article Information Received 18 January 2022 Revised 05 April 2022 Accepted 23 April 2022 Available online 08 September 2023 (early access)","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135356140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20230206230210
Muhammad Azhar
Pakistan is home of a wide variety of animal species due to its four unique seasons. Numerous antelope and cervid species have their natural habitats in Pakistan’s deserts, mountain ranges, along the Ravi River and Indus eco-regions. These species can also be found both in the wild and in captivity. We have to face great loses for both known and unknown reasons while keeping these species at different public and private zoological gardens. Hemoparasitic infections particularly theileriosis, transmitted by ticks, are one of the numerous recognized causes of their mortalities. To the best of our knowledge, no research has been done so far on the sero-prevalence and identification of associated risk factors for theileriosis in captive cervid and antelope in our study area. In the current study, the captive endemic species like Axis porcinus , Antelope cervicapra , Gazelle g. bennettii , Ovis vignei , Boselaphus tragocamelus , Ovis orientalis orientalis and Rusa unicolor as well as exotic species including Axis axis , Dama dama and Addax nasomaculatus of cervid and antelope being reared at eleven public and private zoological gardens were included. Out of n=200 samples, n=39 were found positive for Theileria spp through PCR by using 650bp sized primer pair on hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene. The study also revealed that sex, age, type of enclosure, weather, body condition, chances of ectoparasite infestation and skin coat type were significantly associating with the occurrence of theileriosis in study animals. The study signified the diagnosis and treatment of tick-borne hemoparasitic diseases and proposed the PCR, an authentic technique of diagnosing theileriosis along with simple microscopy.
{"title":"Molecular Diagnosis of Theileriosis and Associated Risk Factors in Captive Cervid and Antelope of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Azhar","doi":"10.17582/journal.pjz/20230206230210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20230206230210","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is home of a wide variety of animal species due to its four unique seasons. Numerous antelope and cervid species have their natural habitats in Pakistan’s deserts, mountain ranges, along the Ravi River and Indus eco-regions. These species can also be found both in the wild and in captivity. We have to face great loses for both known and unknown reasons while keeping these species at different public and private zoological gardens. Hemoparasitic infections particularly theileriosis, transmitted by ticks, are one of the numerous recognized causes of their mortalities. To the best of our knowledge, no research has been done so far on the sero-prevalence and identification of associated risk factors for theileriosis in captive cervid and antelope in our study area. In the current study, the captive endemic species like Axis porcinus , Antelope cervicapra , Gazelle g. bennettii , Ovis vignei , Boselaphus tragocamelus , Ovis orientalis orientalis and Rusa unicolor as well as exotic species including Axis axis , Dama dama and Addax nasomaculatus of cervid and antelope being reared at eleven public and private zoological gardens were included. Out of n=200 samples, n=39 were found positive for Theileria spp through PCR by using 650bp sized primer pair on hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene. The study also revealed that sex, age, type of enclosure, weather, body condition, chances of ectoparasite infestation and skin coat type were significantly associating with the occurrence of theileriosis in study animals. The study signified the diagnosis and treatment of tick-borne hemoparasitic diseases and proposed the PCR, an authentic technique of diagnosing theileriosis along with simple microscopy.","PeriodicalId":19975,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Zoology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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