Pub Date : 2023-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100359
Akira Sato , Hina Nemoto , Tsukasa Matsumoto , Makoto Ohira
Background
Ketone bodies play critical roles in organismal energy homeostasis; however, their effects on various diseases remain unknown. We investigated the effects of two ketone bodies, β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-HB) and acetoacetic acid (AcAc), on type I hypersensitivity in vitro and in vivo.
Methods
The effects of β-HB and AcAc on mast cell degradation, as monitored by β-hexosaminidase release in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, and hypothermic anaphylaxis, a potentially deadly allergic reaction, were evaluated in an anaphylactic mouse model.
Results
Both β-HB and AcAc inhibited β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of AcAc were greater than those of β-HB. The inhibitory effects of β-HB and AcAc were significantly attenuated in the presence of a GPR109A receptor antagonist mepenzolate bromide and GPR43A antagonist GLPG0974. β-HB and AcAc did not affect the viability of RBL-2H3 cells at concentrations below 100 µmol/L. In an anaphylactic mouse model, the intraperitoneal injection of AcAc (1 µmol/mouse) inhibited anaphylactic hypothermia, whereas the injection of β-HB (1–10 µmol/mouse) did not.
Conclusions
These results suggest that β-HB and AcAc, especially AcAc, are effective in type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, by inhibiting mast cell degradation.
{"title":"Ketone bodies inhibit mast cell degradation and protect against anaphylaxis","authors":"Akira Sato , Hina Nemoto , Tsukasa Matsumoto , Makoto Ohira","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Ketone bodies<span> play critical roles in organismal energy homeostasis<span>; however, their effects on various diseases remain unknown. We investigated the effects of two ketone bodies, </span></span></span><em>β</em>-hydroxybutyric acid (<em>β</em><span>-HB) and acetoacetic acid (AcAc), on type I hypersensitivity </span><em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The effects of <em>β</em>-HB and AcAc on mast cell degradation, as monitored by <em>β</em><span><span>-hexosaminidase release in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, and hypothermic </span>anaphylaxis<span>, a potentially deadly allergic reaction, were evaluated in an anaphylactic mouse model.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both <em>β</em>-HB and AcAc inhibited <em>β</em>-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of AcAc were greater than those of <em>β</em>-HB. The inhibitory effects of <em>β</em><span>-HB and AcAc were significantly attenuated in the presence of a GPR109A receptor antagonist<span> mepenzolate bromide and GPR43A antagonist GLPG0974. </span></span><em>β</em><span>-HB and AcAc did not affect the viability of RBL-2H3 cells at concentrations below 100 µmol/L. In an anaphylactic mouse model, the intraperitoneal injection of AcAc (1 µmol/mouse) inhibited anaphylactic hypothermia, whereas the injection of </span><em>β</em>-HB (1–10 µmol/mouse) did not.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results suggest that <em>β</em>-HB and AcAc, especially AcAc, are effective in type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, by inhibiting mast cell degradation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100358
Ahmed Abu-Zaid , Ibtihal Abdulaziz Bukhari , Abdullah Alyousef , Saeed Baradwan , Naif Bin Muaythir , Yasir Almudaymigh , Mohammed Abuzaid , Saleh A.K. Saleh , Heba M. Adly , Osama Alomar
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring mineral trace element that constitutes an essential component of selenoproteins and plays a vital role in antioxidant defense. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of selenium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with PCOS.
Methods
MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched up to March 2023 for randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of oral selenium supplementation on patients with PCOS. We employed a random-effects model to generate pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
Seven trials published between 2015 and 2022 were included. All the included studies were double blind, placebo-controlled trials. Selenium supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in VLDL (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.65; −0.05), MDA (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI: −1.21; −0.57) and hs-CRP (SMD = −0.38, 95% CI: −0.73; −0.03), as well as a significant increase in QUICKI (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.47; 1.09). The current meta-analysis did not find any significant changes in FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, HDL, LDL, TAC, GSH, NO, SHBG, total testosterone, or mFG score for PCOS patients following selenium supplementation compared to placebo.
Conclusion
Selenium supplementation may serve as a good adjunct therapy in patients with PCOS to decrease lipid peroxidation and inflammatory status. Moreover, selenium may improve insulin sensitivity in these patients. However, the overall effects of selenium on all cardiometabolic risk factors in PCOS patients still need to be evaluated through large population and long duration RCTs.
背景多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）已被证明与心脏代谢危险因素有关。硒（Se）是一种天然存在的矿物微量元素，是硒蛋白的重要成分，在抗氧化防御中起着至关重要的作用。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在评估补充硒对多囊卵巢综合征患者心脏代谢危险因素的影响。方法检索截至2023年3月的MEDLINE、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、Web of Science和Scopus数据库，以进行随机临床试验，评估口服硒补充剂对多囊卵巢综合征患者的影响。我们采用了随机效应模型来生成汇总估计和95%置信区间（CI）。结果纳入了2015年至2022年间发表的7项试验。所有纳入的研究均为双盲安慰剂对照试验。补硒可显著降低极低密度脂蛋白（SMD=-0.35，95%CI:−0.65；−0.05）、丙二醛（SMD=−0.89，95%CI：−1.21；−0.57，与安慰剂相比，补充硒后多囊卵巢综合征患者的GSH、NO、SHBG、总睾酮或mFG评分。结论补充硒对PCOS患者有较好的辅助治疗作用，可降低脂质过氧化和炎症状态。此外，硒可以改善这些患者的胰岛素敏感性。然而，硒对多囊卵巢综合征患者所有心脏代谢危险因素的总体影响仍需通过大量人群和长期随机对照试验进行评估。
{"title":"Effect of selenium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Ahmed Abu-Zaid , Ibtihal Abdulaziz Bukhari , Abdullah Alyousef , Saeed Baradwan , Naif Bin Muaythir , Yasir Almudaymigh , Mohammed Abuzaid , Saleh A.K. Saleh , Heba M. Adly , Osama Alomar","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Polycystic ovary syndrome<span> (PCOS) has been shown to be associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring mineral trace element that constitutes an essential component of selenoproteins and plays a vital role in antioxidant defense. This </span></span>systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess the effects of selenium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors </span>in patients with PCOS.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials<span>, Web of Science, and Scopus<span> databases were searched up to March 2023 for randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of oral selenium supplementation on patients with PCOS. We employed a random-effects model to generate pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Seven trials published between 2015 and 2022 were included. All the included studies were double blind, placebo-controlled trials. Selenium supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in VLDL<span><span><span> (SMD = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.65; −0.05), MDA (SMD = −0.89, 95% CI: −1.21; −0.57) and hs-CRP (SMD = −0.38, 95% CI: −0.73; −0.03), as well as a significant increase in </span>QUICKI (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.47; 1.09). The current meta-analysis did not find any significant changes in </span>FPG, insulin, HOMA-IR, </span></span>TC<span><span>, TG<span>, HDL, </span></span>LDL<span><span><span>, TAC, GSH, </span>NO, </span>SHBG<span>, total testosterone, or mFG score for PCOS patients following selenium supplementation compared to placebo.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><span><span>Selenium supplementation may serve as a good adjunct therapy in patients with PCOS to decrease lipid peroxidation and inflammatory status. Moreover, selenium may improve </span>insulin sensitivity in these patients. However, the overall effects of selenium on all cardiometabolic risk factors in PCOS patients still need to be evaluated through large population and long duration </span>RCTs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100356
Karina Z. Lodi , Carina Cassini , Fernando J. Scariot , Sergio Echeverrigaray , Sidnei M. Silva , Alencar K. Machado , Lauren Pappis , Raquel Bridi , Scheila A. Silva , Luciana B. Touguinha , Mirian Salvador , Catia S. Branco
Background
Pitaya has gained popularity as a dietary alternative for diabetics. However, the precise molecular basis and biochemical effects are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate pitaya influence in endothelial cells under high glucose, mimicking hyperglycemia.
Methods
EA.hy926 cells were treated with 1 µg/mL of extract for 24 h with 35 mM of glucose (HG) and/or metformin (MET; 0.5 mM). It was analyzed cell viability/proliferation, apoptosis, ΔΨm, and pHi. Markers of aerobic (NADH and succinate dehydrogenase, and ATP synthase) and anaerobic (LDH) glycolysis were evaluated, as well as NO levels, NF-kβ, and NLRP3 expressions. To determine in vivo safety, acute toxicity in A. salina was conducted (0.5–65 mg/mL). Chemical characterization was performed by HPLC.
Results
HG negatively impacted cell viability and proliferation. Cells presented high levels of extracellular LDH and NO, as well as an increment on NADH, and succinate dehydrogenase activities, and ATP production. Cytometry revealed an increase in ROS levels, apoptosis, and changes in pHi and ΔΨm, accompanied by an increase in NF-kβ, and NLRP3 expressions. These alterations were partially (extract per se pulp and/or associated with MET) or totally (extract per se peel and/or MET associated) reversed. No toxicity for peel extract at concentrations until 65 mg/mL was found. HPLC revealed quercetin and kaempferol in both extracts.
Conclusion
Data indicate that pitaya peel extract is safe and, according to a Principal Component Analysis, can be used as a co-therapeutic strategy to minimize oxidative damage and inflammation in endothelial cells under high glucose.
{"title":"Pitaya (Hylocereus lemairei) extracts avoid mitochondrial dysfunction and NF-kβ/NLRP-3-mediated inflammation in endothelial cells under high glucose and are in vivo safe","authors":"Karina Z. Lodi , Carina Cassini , Fernando J. Scariot , Sergio Echeverrigaray , Sidnei M. Silva , Alencar K. Machado , Lauren Pappis , Raquel Bridi , Scheila A. Silva , Luciana B. Touguinha , Mirian Salvador , Catia S. Branco","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pitaya has gained popularity as a dietary alternative for diabetics. However, the precise molecular basis and biochemical effects are not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate pitaya influence in endothelial cells<span> under high glucose, mimicking hyperglycemia.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>EA.hy926 cells were treated with 1 µg/mL of extract for 24 h with 35 mM of glucose (HG) and/or metformin (MET; 0.5 mM). It was analyzed cell viability/proliferation, </span>apoptosis<span><span>, ΔΨm, and pHi. Markers of aerobic (NADH and succinate dehydrogenase<span>, and ATP synthase) and anaerobic (LDH) glycolysis were evaluated, as well as NO levels, NF-kβ, and </span></span>NLRP3 expressions. To determine </span></span><em>in vivo</em><span> safety, acute toxicity in </span><span><em>A. </em><em>salina</em></span><span> was conducted (0.5–65 mg/mL). Chemical characterization was performed by HPLC.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span><span>HG negatively impacted cell viability and proliferation. Cells presented high levels of extracellular </span>LDH<span> and NO, as well as an increment on NADH, and succinate dehydrogenase activities, and ATP production. Cytometry revealed an increase in </span></span>ROS levels, apoptosis, and changes in pHi and ΔΨm, accompanied by an increase in NF-kβ, and NLRP3 expressions. These alterations were partially (extract </span><em>per se</em> pulp and/or associated with MET) or totally (extract <em>per se</em><span><span> peel and/or MET associated) reversed. No toxicity for peel extract at concentrations until 65 mg/mL was found. HPLC revealed quercetin and </span>kaempferol in both extracts.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Data indicate that pitaya peel extract is safe and, according to a Principal Component Analysis, can be used as a co-therapeutic strategy to minimize oxidative damage and inflammation in endothelial cells under high glucose.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100357
Saneha OR , Priya Krishna , Syam Das S , Krishnakumar IM , Litty Joseph
Background
Orexins act as a molecular switch for the release of cortisol/corticosterone in response to a stress stimulus and hence to regulate sleep/wake cycle. Orexin agonism during the day promotes wakefulness, and Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists (DORA) can promote sleep signals by enhancing melatonin, which is an inhibitor of orexin. It was reported that a proprietary black cumin (Nigella sativa) oil (BCO-5) alleviated stress and improved sleep quality. The present study investigated the mechanism of action of BCO-5 using stress-induced and sleep-deprived model of rats.
Methods
Adult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were randomised into 4 groups (Group I – Sham; Group II – Stress-induced group; Group III – BCO-5 treated normal animals; Group IV – Stress + BCO-5 (20 mg/kg b. wt.) for 14 days and monitored the behaviour and biochemical markers.
Results
The co-supplementation of BCO-5 significantly decreased the body weight, locomotor activity, rearing and grooming frequencies among Group IV animals significantly compared to Group II. The observed behaviour was also correlated with the significant decrease in orexin, corticosterone and c-fos expression levels, while an increase was observed in melatonin concentration.
Conclusion
Our results support the plausible role of BCO-5 as a DORA to manage stress and improve sleep.
{"title":"Exploring the possibility of a proprietary black cumin oil extract as a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist in restoring stress-sleep balance on stress-induced sleep deprived animals","authors":"Saneha OR , Priya Krishna , Syam Das S , Krishnakumar IM , Litty Joseph","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Orexins<span><span> act as a molecular switch for the release of cortisol/corticosterone in response to a stress stimulus and hence to regulate sleep/wake cycle. Orexin agonism during the day promotes wakefulness, and Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists (DORA) can promote sleep signals by enhancing </span>melatonin, which is an inhibitor of orexin. It was reported that a proprietary </span></span>black cumin (</span><em>Nigella sativa</em>) oil (BCO-5) alleviated stress and improved sleep quality. The present study investigated the mechanism of action of BCO-5 using stress-induced and sleep-deprived model of rats.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adult <em>Sprague Dawley</em><span> rats (n = 24) were randomised into 4 groups (Group I – Sham; Group II – Stress-induced group; Group III – BCO-5 treated normal animals; Group IV – Stress + BCO-5 (20 mg/kg b. wt.) for 14 days and monitored the behaviour and biochemical markers.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The co-supplementation of BCO-5 significantly decreased the body weight, locomotor activity, rearing and grooming frequencies among Group IV animals significantly compared to Group II. The observed behaviour was also correlated with the significant decrease in orexin, corticosterone and c-fos expression levels, while an increase was observed in melatonin concentration.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our results support the plausible role of BCO-5 as a DORA to manage stress and improve sleep.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100355
Fabio Ribeiro dos Santos , Guilherme Henrique Mendes Ribeiro , Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior , Antônio Sérgio Barcala-Jorge , André Luiz Sena Guimarães , Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula , Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
Background
Malnutrition causes several changes in body composition and physiological liver function and is commonly related to systemic inflammation, cognitive deficits, and metabolic changes. Kefir is a symbiotic association of yeast and bacteria fermenting milk, used as food supplementation, and is now recognized for its beneficial health properties. In this context, the present study aims to verify the effects promoted by Kefir supplementation in a model of mice malnutrition, evaluating its metabolic effects and liver modulation.
Methods
Male Swiss mice were divided into four groups with 8 animals each. After the adaptation period, the animals were subjected to two phases of treatment: the caloric restriction phase to promote malnutrition and the renutrition phase. A calorie restriction of 20 % compared to the control group was adopted. Metabolic profile, adipose tissue, liver, biochemical parameters, and gene expression of CAT and SOD were evaluated.
Results
The main findings demonstrate an improvement in body weight and biochemical parameters followed by a greater recovery of adipocyte area in the (FR + Kefir) group when compared to the malnourished (FR) group. The data showed an increase in the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress suppression such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the groups supplemented with kefir.
Conclusions
Oral supplementation was able to increase body weight recovery, and adiposity, enabling improvements in metabolism and reducing liver inflammation.
{"title":"Supplementation with kefir improves metabolism and liver inflammation in malnourished mice","authors":"Fabio Ribeiro dos Santos , Guilherme Henrique Mendes Ribeiro , Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior , Antônio Sérgio Barcala-Jorge , André Luiz Sena Guimarães , Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula , Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Malnutrition causes several changes in body composition and physiological liver function and is commonly related to systemic inflammation, cognitive deficits, and metabolic changes. </span>Kefir<span> is a symbiotic association of yeast and bacteria fermenting milk, used as food supplementation, and is now recognized for its beneficial health properties. In this context, the present study aims to verify the effects promoted by Kefir supplementation in a model of mice malnutrition, evaluating its metabolic effects and liver modulation.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span><span>Male Swiss mice were divided into four groups with 8 animals each. After the adaptation period, the animals were subjected to two phases of </span>treatment<span>: the caloric restriction<span> phase to promote malnutrition and the renutrition phase. A calorie restriction of 20 % compared to the control group was adopted. Metabolic profile, adipose tissue, liver, biochemical parameters, and gene expression of </span></span></span>CAT and </span>SOD were evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>The main findings demonstrate an improvement in body weight and biochemical parameters followed by a greater recovery of adipocyte area in the (FR + Kefir) group when compared to the malnourished (FR) group. The data showed an increase in the expression of genes associated with </span>oxidative stress suppression such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the groups supplemented with kefir.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Oral supplementation was able to increase body weight recovery, and adiposity, enabling improvements in metabolism and reducing liver inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50179903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100350
Cato Wiegers, Linda H.M. van de Burgwal, Eric Claassen, Olaf F.A. Larsen
Background
The growing ‘epidemic’ of metabolic disease may be a consequence of a typical Western lifestyle, consisting of excessive fat and sugar intake and a lack of physical exercise. Some animal studies have provided insights into the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome and obesity and the influence of dietary composition, however there are still unclarities regarding the effects of diet and lifestyle factors on the development of metabolic disease in humans.
Methods
In this study, we investigated long-term trends in diet, lifestyle, and metabolic disease in the United States. Data on the included variables was collected from published literature as well as publicly available data, covering as many years as possible from 1900 onwards.
Results
We found that intake of all macronutrients and added sugar has increased but has started to plateau or decrease in more recent years. Exercise, urbanization, and life expectancy have also risen. However, besides some evidence of urbanization and life expectancy correlating with metabolic disease prevalence, we did not see a clear association between most of the dietary factors and the steeply rising prevalence of metabolic disease.
Conclusions
We propose that to gain traction on the issue of metabolic disease in our current society, it is necessary to continue research into (new aspects of) our diet, and to include other (external) factors. These may be related to the gut microbiota, including antibiotics use and epigenetics.
{"title":"Trends in nutrition, lifestyle, and metabolic disease in the United States from 1900 onwards","authors":"Cato Wiegers, Linda H.M. van de Burgwal, Eric Claassen, Olaf F.A. Larsen","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The growing ‘epidemic’ of metabolic disease may be a consequence of a typical Western lifestyle, consisting of excessive fat and sugar intake and a lack of physical exercise. Some animal studies have provided insights into the mechanisms of metabolic syndrome and obesity and the influence of dietary composition, however there are still unclarities regarding the effects of diet and lifestyle factors on the development of metabolic disease in humans.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, we investigated long-term trends in diet, lifestyle, and metabolic disease in the United States. Data on the included variables was collected from published literature as well as publicly available data, covering as many years as possible from 1900 onwards.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found that intake of all macronutrients and added sugar has increased but has started to plateau or decrease in more recent years. Exercise, urbanization, and life expectancy have also risen. However, besides some evidence of urbanization and life expectancy correlating with metabolic disease prevalence, we did not see a clear association between most of the dietary factors and the steeply rising prevalence of metabolic disease.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We propose that to gain traction on the issue of metabolic disease in our current society, it is necessary to continue research into (new aspects of) our diet, and to include other (external) factors. These may be related to the gut microbiota, including antibiotics use and epigenetics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44445104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Half of all cases of blindness are due to cataract. It has been debated whether diets high in polyphenols and antioxidants reduce the risk of cataract. In the present case-control study, we aimed to evaluate the possible association between cataract risk and diet, using calculations of the Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI) and Mediterranean-style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS).
Methods
157 patients with senile cataract were compared to 323 controls who had undergone eye examination during the past year and were not diagnosed with cataract. A validated food frequency questionnaire measured the participant’s habitual diet. The risk of cataract for MSDPS and DPI was assessed by crude and adjusted odds ratios based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, accounting for age and sex.
Results
Analysis was performed on 157 cases and 323 controls. Age, weight, and energy intake significantly differed between the two groups. MSDPS (p = 0.003) and DPI (p = 0.04) were higher in the patients with cataract. A significant association was found regarding DPI in the crude model, indicating that participants of the third quartile of DPI are at 2.34 times higher risk of cataract than the participants in the first quartile (OR: 2.34, 95% CI= 1.34; 4.09).
Conclusions
MSDPS was not significantly associated with cataract risk in crude and adjusted models, although an ascending trend could be observed (p-trend of the crude model= 0.05). A positive association between DPI and cataract risk was found, while this association was not significant for MSDPS. Further studies among newly diagnosed patients with cataract are required.
{"title":"The association between Dietary Phytochemical Index and Mediterranean-style Dietary Pattern Score with the risk of cataract","authors":"Haniyeh Golafrouz , Farhad Adhami Moghadam , Shahryar Eghtesadi","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Half of all cases of blindness are due to cataract. It has been debated whether diets high in polyphenols and antioxidants reduce the risk of cataract. In the present case-control study, we aimed to evaluate the possible association between cataract risk and diet, using calculations of the Dietary </span>Phytochemical Index (DPI) and Mediterranean-style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>157 patients with senile cataract<span><span> were compared to 323 controls who had undergone eye examination during the past year and were not diagnosed with cataract. A validated food frequency questionnaire measured the participant’s habitual diet. The risk of cataract for MSDPS and DPI was assessed by crude and adjusted odds ratios based on </span>multivariate logistic regression analysis, accounting for age and sex.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Analysis was performed on 157 cases and 323 controls. Age, weight, and energy intake significantly differed between the two groups. MSDPS (p = 0.003) and DPI (p = 0.04) were higher in the patients with cataract. A significant association was found regarding DPI in the crude model, indicating that participants of the third quartile of DPI are at 2.34 times higher risk of cataract than the participants in the first quartile (OR: 2.34, 95% CI= 1.34; 4.09).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>MSDPS was not significantly associated with cataract risk in crude and adjusted models, although an ascending trend could be observed (p-trend of the crude model= 0.05). A positive association between DPI and cataract risk was found, while this association was not significant for MSDPS. Further studies among newly diagnosed patients with cataract are required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47622137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100352
Seok Tyug Tan , Seok Shin Tan , Chin Xuan Tan
Introduction
Literature has consistently reported that soy and soy-based foods are excellent sources of amino acids and isoflavones. Therefore, this review summarises the safety and health benefits of soy protein, soy bioactive peptides and soy isoflavones.
Methods
This review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Research articles published from 2017 to March 2023 were identified through several search engines, including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The search was limited to selected keywords to maximise the retrieval of relevant results. After excluding review articles, conference proceedings, redundant articles, articles without full-text access, and non-English publications, 43 research articles were included in this review.
Results
Evidence suggests that soy protein, soy bioactive peptides and soy isoflavones are generally safe for human consumption. In addition, these compounds may be beneficial in alleviating the risk of osteoporosis, cancers, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Conclusion
Soy or soy-related products can be incorporated into our daily diets based on the promising effects reported in the literature.
引言文献一直报道大豆和大豆食品是氨基酸和异黄酮的良好来源。因此，本文综述了大豆蛋白、大豆生物活性肽和大豆异黄酮的安全性和健康益处。方法根据系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行本综述。2017年至2023年3月发表的研究文章通过多个搜索引擎进行了识别，包括Pubmed、Google Scholar、Web of Science、Scopus和ScienceDirect。搜索仅限于选定的关键字，以最大限度地检索相关结果。在排除综述文章、会议记录、冗余文章、无全文访问的文章和非英文出版物后，本综述共收录了43篇研究文章。结果有证据表明，大豆蛋白、大豆活性肽和大豆异黄酮对人体食用是安全的。此外，这些化合物可能有益于减轻骨质疏松症、癌症、高脂血症、动脉粥样硬化、高血压、肥胖和2型糖尿病的风险。结论基于文献报道的良好效果，大豆或大豆相关产品可以纳入我们的日常饮食。
{"title":"Soy protein, bioactive peptides, and isoflavones: A review of their safety and health benefits","authors":"Seok Tyug Tan , Seok Shin Tan , Chin Xuan Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Literature has consistently reported that soy and soy-based foods are excellent sources of amino acids and isoflavones. Therefore, this review summarises the safety and health benefits of soy protein, soy bioactive peptides and soy isoflavones.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Research articles published from 2017 to March 2023 were identified through several search engines, including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. The search was limited to selected keywords to maximise the retrieval of relevant results. After excluding review articles, conference proceedings, redundant articles, articles without full-text access, and non-English publications, 43 research articles were included in this review.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Evidence suggests that soy protein, soy bioactive peptides and soy isoflavones are generally safe for human consumption. In addition, these compounds may be beneficial in alleviating the risk of osteoporosis, cancers, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Soy or soy-related products can be incorporated into our daily diets based on the promising effects reported in the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47534090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100351
Hossein Bahari , Shaghayegh Taheri , Mohammad Rashidmayvan , Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh , Sara Ebrahimi Mousavi , Mahsa Malekahmadi
Background
Inconsistent evidence exists regarding the impact of Royal Jelly (RJ) on cardio-metabolic risk factors. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed to identify this effect.
Method
Database search through PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and SCOPUS was performed until April 2023 to identify eligible trials. Estimated 95% confidence (CI) and the weighted mean difference (WMD) was used for triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) through the random-effects model.
Results
RJ could significantly reduce TC (WMD: −8.75; 95%CI: −15.50, −1.99; P = 0.01; I2 = 68.5%; Pheterogeneity= 0.21). The protective effect of RJ against serum TC was stronger in unhealthy participants, ≥ 8 weeks of supplement administration, ≥ 3000 mg/d of RJ, and in both sexes. Neither the all-study combination nor the subgroup analysis showed a significant effect of this supplementation on TG, LDL and HDL. Dose-response analysis showed a greater reduction in HDL and a greater elevation in TG, following higher doses of RJ supplementation. Longer duration of intervention also led to lower LDL levels. In terms of the certainty of the evidence, TG, TC and HDL were regarded as moderate and LDL as low quality.
Conclusions
RJ can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by reducing the level of TC, and long-term supplementation could improve the level of HDL and LDL.
背景关于蜂王浆（RJ）对心脏代谢危险因素的影响，存在不一致的证据。因此，本荟萃分析旨在确定这种影响。方法通过PubMed/Medline、Web of Science和SCOPUS进行数据库搜索，直到2023年4月，以确定符合条件的试验。通过随机效应模型，甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）采用95%置信度（CI）和加权平均差（WMD）。结果RJ可显著降低TC（WMD:−8.75；95%可信区间：−15.50，−1.99；P=0.01；I2=68.5%；P异质性=0.21）。RJ对血清TC的保护作用在不健康参与者、补充用药≥8周、RJ≥3000mg/d以及男女中均较强。所有研究组合和亚组分析均未显示这种补充剂对TG、LDL和HDL的显著影响。剂量反应分析显示，在补充更高剂量的RJ后，HDL的降低幅度更大，TG的升高幅度更大。干预时间越长，LDL水平也越低。就证据的确定性而言，TG、TC和HDL被认为是中等质量的，LDL被认为是低质量的。结论sRJ可通过降低TC水平来降低心血管疾病的风险，长期补充可提高HDL和LDL水平。
{"title":"The effects of Royal Jelly consumption on lipid profile: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","authors":"Hossein Bahari , Shaghayegh Taheri , Mohammad Rashidmayvan , Zohreh Sajadi Hezaveh , Sara Ebrahimi Mousavi , Mahsa Malekahmadi","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Inconsistent evidence exists regarding the impact of Royal Jelly (RJ) on cardio-metabolic risk factors. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed to identify this effect.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p><span>Database search through PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and SCOPUS was performed until April 2023 to identify eligible trials. Estimated 95% confidence (CI) and the weighted mean difference (WMD) was used for triglyceride (TG), </span>total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) through the random-effects model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>RJ could significantly reduce TC (WMD: −8.75; 95%CI: −15.50, −1.99; <em>P</em> = 0.01; I<sup>2</sup> = 68.5%; <em>P</em> <sub>heterogeneity</sub>= 0.21). The protective effect of RJ against serum TC was stronger in unhealthy participants, ≥ 8 weeks of supplement administration, ≥ 3000 mg/d of RJ, and in both sexes. Neither the all-study combination nor the subgroup analysis showed a significant effect of this supplementation on TG, LDL and HDL. Dose-response analysis showed a greater reduction in HDL and a greater elevation in TG, following higher doses of RJ supplementation. Longer duration of intervention also led to lower LDL levels. In terms of the certainty of the evidence, TG, TC and HDL were regarded as moderate and LDL as low quality.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>RJ can reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases by reducing the level of TC, and long-term supplementation could improve the level of HDL and LDL.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47678236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100345
Mônica Volino-Souza , Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira , Renata Leitão , Leandro Lara de Carvalho , Thiago da Silveira Alvares
Background
and Aims: Ageing is associated with impaired endothelial function, which can negatively affect cerebral blood flow (CBF). The present study evaluated whether aged garlic extract (AGE) could improve cerebral oxygenation and blood volume due to the possible vasoactive effect. Methods and Results: Fourteen older adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. Urinary thiosulfate and plasma nitrite was drawn, and participants ingested 2.4 g of AGE or placebo. A handgrip exercise protocol started 180 min after supplementation to induce brain activation, and cerebral oxygenation and blood volume were evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy. After exercise, urinary thiosulfate and plasma nitrite were re-evaluated. AGE supplementation did not change cerebral oxygenation and blood volume. In addition, urinary thiosulfate and plasma nitrite remained unchanged after supplementation. Conclusion: A single dose of AGE (2.4 g) could not increase nitrite levels and cerebral oxygenation and blood volume in older adults at cardiovascular risk factors (NCT04008693).
{"title":"A single dose of aged garlic extract did not change cerebral oxygenation and blood volume in older adults at cardiovascular risk factors","authors":"Mônica Volino-Souza , Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira , Renata Leitão , Leandro Lara de Carvalho , Thiago da Silveira Alvares","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>and Aims: Ageing is associated with impaired endothelial function, which can negatively affect cerebral blood flow (CBF). The present study evaluated whether aged garlic extract (AGE) could improve cerebral </span>oxygenation<span><span> and blood volume due to the possible vasoactive effect. Methods and Results: Fourteen older adults were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study. Urinary </span>thiosulfate<span> and plasma nitrite was drawn, and participants ingested 2.4 g of AGE or placebo. A handgrip exercise protocol started 180 min after supplementation to induce brain activation, and cerebral oxygenation and blood volume were evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy. After exercise, urinary thiosulfate and plasma nitrite were re-evaluated. AGE supplementation did not change cerebral oxygenation and blood volume. In addition, urinary thiosulfate and plasma nitrite remained unchanged after supplementation. Conclusion: A single dose of AGE (2.4 g) could not increase nitrite levels and cerebral oxygenation and blood volume in older adults at cardiovascular risk factors (NCT04008693).</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49424408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号