PharmaNutrition最新文献_第5页

Zeaxanthin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and provides significant neuroprotection in mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion 玉米黄质在体外发挥抗炎作用，并为短暂性大脑中动脉闭塞的小鼠提供显著的神经保护作用

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100368

Daniele La Russa , Giorgia Manni , Chiara Di Santo , Benedetta Pieroni , Daniela Pellegrino , Francisco J. Barba , Giacinto Bagetta , Francesca Fallarino , Domenico Montesano , Diana Amantea

Background and aims

Preclinical and clinical evidence supports the value of nutraceuticals as prophylactic or adjuvant therapeutics to reduce stroke risk or to improve post-stroke recovery. Given the beneficial properties of xantophyll carotenoids, we aimed at assessing the putative neuroprotective effects of zeaxanthin, evaluating its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in vitro and in vivo.

Methods and results

Exposure to zeaxanthin (25 μM for 24 h) reverted the elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression prompted by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in macrophages from mouse bone marrow. In mice subjected to transient (30-min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), oral pre-treatment with zeaxanthin (2 mg/kg, 48 h, 24 h and 1 h before MCAo) prevented the elevation of serum levels of reactive oxygen species induced by the ischemic insult, while it did not affect the reduction of antioxidant barrier efficiency. Analysis of lipid peroxidation showed a significant increase in hydroperoxide level in the brain of mice subjected to MCAo, and the latter effect was inhibited by pretreatment with zeaxanthin. Finally, we originally demonstrated that oral administration of zeaxanthin significantly reduced neurological deficits and brain damage caused by transient MCAo in mice.

Conclusions

Our data, in combination with the evidence that zeaxanthin is a well-tolerated carotenoid, strengthen the nutritional value of this xanthophyll in the prevention of ischemic stroke injury.

背景和目的临床和临床证据支持营养保健品作为预防或辅助治疗药物的价值，以降低中风风险或改善中风后的恢复。鉴于类胡萝卜素的有益特性，我们旨在评估玉米黄质的潜在神经保护作用，评价其在体外和体内的抗炎和抗氧化特性。方法和结果暴露于玉米黄质（25 μM，24 小时）可恢复小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞中肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α引起的诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达的升高。对短暂（30 分钟）大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAo）的小鼠，口服玉米黄质预处理（2 毫克/千克，MCAo 前 48 小时、24 小时和 1 小时）可防止缺血损伤引起的血清活性氧水平升高，但不会影响抗氧化屏障效率的降低。脂质过氧化分析表明，MCAo 小鼠脑内过氧化氢水平显著升高，而玉米黄质预处理可抑制过氧化氢水平的升高。结论我们的数据以及玉米黄质是一种耐受性良好的类胡萝卜素的证据，加强了这种叶黄素在预防缺血性中风损伤方面的营养价值。

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引用次数: 0

Application of flaxseed as an effective approach for improving lipid profile parameters: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials 应用亚麻籽作为改善血脂曲线参数的有效方法：随机对照试验的最新系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100366

Amir Hossein Moridpour , Masomeh Goodarzi , Zeynab Kavyani , Negarsadat Nademi , Maziar Daneshvar , Vali Musazadeh , Amir Hossein Faghfouri

Background

Numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of flaxseed on lipid profile parameters; however, some others have reported contradictory results.

Aim of the review

The current study, therefore, aimed to provide a thorough understanding of the effects of flaxseed on lipid profile parameters in adults.

Methods

To this end, a comprehensive systematic search was conducted to collect the required trials from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science databases, and Google Scholar up to December 2022.

Results

75 trials were included in our meta-analysis (two trials were only presented as a systematic review). Our study results indicated that the flaxseed supplementation significantly decreased the total levels of cholesterol (TC) (SMD: −0.57; 95% CI: −0.80, −0.33, P < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (SMD: −0.61; 95% CI: −0.87, −0.35, P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD: −0.36; 95% CI: −0.61, −0.11; P = 0.005), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios (SMD: −0.92, 95% CI: −1.35, −0.49, P < 0.010). However, flaxseed did not change the levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD: 0.16; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.35, P = 0.097), and TC/HDL-C ratio (SMD: −0.35; 95% CI: −0.81, 0.11; P = 0.139).

Conclusion

It was concluded that the flaxseed supplementation may have improved the lipid profile. Therefore, it was recommended that flaxseed should be used as an adjuvant anti-hyperlipidemic agent.

背景大量研究表明亚麻籽对血脂指标有益处；但也有一些研究报告了相互矛盾的结果。方法为此，我们进行了全面的系统检索，从 PubMed、Scopus、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science 数据库和谷歌学术中收集了截至 2022 年 12 月的所需试验。我们的研究结果表明，补充亚麻籽可显著降低总胆固醇（TC）水平（SMD：-0.57；95% CI：-0.80，-0.33，P < 0.001）、甘油三酯（TG）水平（SMD：-0.61；95% CI：-0.87，-0.35，P <；0.001）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）（SMD：-0.36；95% CI：-0.61，-0.11；P = 0.005）和 LDL-C/HDL-C 比率（SMD：-0.92，95% CI：-1.35，-0.49，P <；0.010）。然而，亚麻籽并未改变高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平（SMD：0.16；95% CI：-0.03，0.35，P = 0.097）和 TC/HDL-C 比率（SMD：-0.35；95% CI：-0.81，0.11；P = 0.139）。因此，建议将亚麻籽用作辅助抗高血脂药物。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of supplementation with a multi-species synbiotic on serum lipid profile, abundance of beneficial gut bacteria and firmicutes to bacteroidetes ratio in patients with dyslipidemia; a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial 补充多菌种合生素对血脂异常患者血清脂质概况、肠道有益菌丰度和固缩菌与类杆菌比例的影响；一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照临床试验

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100367

Shekoufeh Salamat , Mohammad Reza Tabandeh , Alireza Jahan-Mihan , Anahita Mansoori

Background

Dysbiosis an imbalance of gut microbiota (GM) may contribute to the development of metabolic disorders including dyslipidemia. Synbiotics have been suggested to modulate GM composition and in turn, they may alter lipid metabolism. We aimed to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on serum lipid profile, abundance of dominant gut bacteria, and also the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in adults with dyslipidemia.

Methods

Fifty-six adults with dyslipidemia were enrolled in a randomized, clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated to receive either synbiotic or placebo sachets for 12 weeks. Each synbiotic sachet contains (a total dose of 3 ×10¹⁰ colony forming units, CFU/gram) six species of probiotic microorganisms with 5-gram inulin and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) in equal amounts as prebiotics. Serum lipid profile, fecal bacteria abundance, dietary intake, physical activity level (PAL), and anthropometric measures, were assessed at the baseline and after intervention.

Results

No significant changes were observed in participants' dietary intake, PA, and anthropometric indices within and between groups after 12 weeks of intervention. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) showed a significant increase (p = 0.0008), while no significant change in other lipid profile components was observed. The abundance of fecal Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium was significantly increased in the synbiotic group (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.032 respectively). However, 12 weeks of synbiotic supplementation didn’t affect F/B Ratio (p = 0.43) at the end of the study.

Conclusions

Twelve weeks of supplementation with multi-species synbiotic may improve HDL-C and enhance the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria in patients with dyslipidemia.

背景:肠道菌群失调(GM)可能导致代谢紊乱，包括血脂异常。合成制剂被认为可以调节转基因成分，进而改变脂质代谢。我们的目的是评估合成菌补充剂对血脂谱、优势肠道细菌丰度以及血脂异常成人厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门(F/B)比值的影响。方法:56名患有血脂异常的成年人参加了一项随机临床试验。参与者被随机分配接受合成或安慰剂包12周。每个合成小袋含有6种益生菌微生物(总剂量为3个×1010菌落形成单位，CFU/克)，其中5克菊粉和低聚果糖(FOS)等量作为益生元。在基线和干预后评估血清脂质谱、粪便细菌丰度、饮食摄入量、身体活动水平(PAL)和人体测量值。结果干预12周后，组内及组间受试者的饮食摄入、PA和人体测量指标均无显著变化。高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)显著升高(p = 0.0008)，而其他脂质组分无显著变化。合成菌组粪便中厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的丰度显著增加(p <0.0001, p <0.0001, p <0.0001, p = 0.032)。然而，在研究结束时，补充12周的合成菌没有影响F/B比(p = 0.43)。结论补充多菌种合成菌12周可改善血脂异常患者的HDL-C水平，提高有益肠道菌群的丰度。

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引用次数: 0

Intravenous vitamin C against acute respiratory distress syndrome: A narrative review 静脉注射维生素 C 预防急性呼吸窘迫综合征：叙述性综述

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100365

Alberto Boretti

Background

The use of intravenous vitamin C (IV-Vit-C) in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been a topic of interest and research. ARDS is a severe and life-threatening form of respiratory failure that can be triggered by various factors, including infections, trauma, and inflammatory conditions. Some studies and clinical trials have explored the potential benefits of high-dose intravenous vitamin C in the treatment of ARDS, particularly in the context of severe respiratory illnesses such as those caused by viral infections.

Methods

Two literature reviews are performed by using the google scholar data base (scholar.google.com), one searching for “CITRIS-ALI”, and the other searching for “COVID-19 Vitamin C”, without any time restrictions, and selecting specific works, and citing or cited works, deemed appropriate. All the works included in the c19early.org data base are then indirectly considered through their statistical summary of improvements.

Results

Most of the studies support the use of IV-Vit-C against ARDS in general, including the COVID-19 induced ARDS. From the statistical analysis of 66 COVID-19 Vit-C studies, both IV and oral, there is a 18 % improvement in prophylaxis (RR 0.82 CI 0.69–0.97), a 37 % improvement in early treatment (RR 0.63, CI 0.41–0.98), and 21 % improvement in late treatment (RR 0.79, CI 0.70–0.88). Specific to this latter result are 39 studies of the 66.

Conclusions

While IV-Vit-C was not a cure for COVID-19, it was a pragmatic but effectual means to reduce the COVID-19 mortality in cases of late infections and ARDS. IV and oral Vit-C may be considered one of the tools treating general ARDS.

静脉注射维生素C (iv - vitc)在急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)中的应用一直是人们关注和研究的话题。急性呼吸窘迫综合征是一种严重的危及生命的呼吸衰竭，可由多种因素引发，包括感染、创伤和炎症。一些研究和临床试验已经探索了高剂量静脉注射维生素C治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征的潜在益处，特别是在病毒感染引起的严重呼吸系统疾病的情况下。方法使用google scholar数据库(scholar.google.com)进行两篇文献综述，一篇检索“CITRIS-ALI”，另一篇检索“COVID-19维生素C”，不受时间限制，选择特定的文献，并在认为合适的情况下引用或被引文献。然后，c19early.org数据库中包含的所有作品都通过其改进的统计摘要间接考虑。结果大多数研究支持使用iv - vitc治疗ARDS，包括COVID-19诱导的ARDS。通过对66项COVID-19 vitc研究的统计分析，包括静脉注射和口服，预防改善18% (RR 0.82 CI 0.69-0.97)，早期治疗改善37% (RR 0.63, CI 0.41-0.98)，晚期治疗改善21% (RR 0.79, CI 0.70-0.88)。这66项研究中有39项与后一项结果相关。结论iv - vitc虽不能完全治愈COVID-19，但对于降低晚期感染和ARDS患者的COVID-19死亡率是一种实用而有效的手段。静脉和口服维生素c可被认为是治疗一般ARDS的工具之一。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of berberine supplementation on lipid profile and obesity indices: An umbrella review of meta-analysis 补充小檗碱对血脂和肥胖指数的影响:荟萃分析综述

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100364

Zeynab Kavyani , Erfan shahhosseini , Amir Hossein Moridpour , Maryam Falahatzadeh , Mahdi Vajdi , Vali Musazadeh , Gholamreza Askari

Background

Several meta-analyses reported berberine supplementation improves lipid profile and obesity indices, but findings remain conflicting.

Aim of the review

Therefore, we carried out an umbrella review of meta-analysis in order to examine whether berberine supplementation on lipid profile and obesity indices.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to December 2022.

Results

Berberine supplementation was effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (ES_SMD: −0.56 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.74 to −0.38, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (ES_SMD: −0.57 mg/dL, 95% CI: −0.69 to −0.44, p < 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (ES_SMD: −0.47 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.56 to −0.37, p < 0.001) according to SMD analysis. In addition, berberine significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (ES_SMD: 0.14 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.08–0.20, p < 0.001) according to SMD analysis. Also, the findings showed that berberine resulted in a significant decrease in waist circumference (WC) (ES _WMD: −1.30 cm; 95% CI: −1.91 to −0.69, p < 0.001), but not in body weight (ES_WMD: −0.86 kg; 95% CI: −2.12 to 0.41), body mass index (BMI) (ES_WMD: −0.57 kg/m²; 95% CI: −1.21 to 0.06, p = 0.078, and ES_SMD: −0.28 kg/m²; 95% CI: −070 to 0.14, p = 0.186), and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) levels (ES_SMD: −0.40; 95% CI: −1.26 to 0.47, p = 0.369).

Conclusion

The results of our study revealed that the supplementation of berberine could be effective in improving WC, and lipid profile, although the impact of this supplement on obesity indices needs further investigation.

背景:一些荟萃分析报道，补充小檗碱可以改善血脂和肥胖指数，但研究结果仍然存在矛盾。因此，我们对荟萃分析进行了综合综述，以检验黄连素补充剂是否对血脂和肥胖指数有影响。方法系统检索截至2022年12月的PubMed、Scopus、Embase、Web of Science、Google Scholar等数据库。结果补充小檗碱能有效降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C) (ESSMD: - 0.56 mg/dL;95% CI: - 0.74至- 0.38,p <0.001)，总胆固醇(TC) (ESSMD: - 0.57 mg/dL, 95% CI: - 0.69 ~ - 0.44, p <0.001)，甘油三酯(TG) (ESSMD:−0.47 mg/dL;95% CI: - 0.56 ~ - 0.37, p <0.001)，根据SMD分析。此外，小檗碱显著增加高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C) (ESSMD: 0.14 mg/dL;95% CI: 0.08-0.20, p <0.001)，根据SMD分析。此外，研究结果表明，小檗碱导致腰围(WC)显著降低(ES WMD: - 1.30 cm;95% CI: - 1.91 ~ - 0.69, p <0.001)，但与体重无关(ESWMD:−0.86 kg;95% CI:−2.12 ~ 0.41)，体重指数(BMI) (ESWMD:−0.57 kg/m2;95% CI:−1.21 ~ 0.06,p = 0.078, ESSMD:−0.28 kg/m2;95% CI:−070 ~ 0.14,p = 0.186)，腰高比(WHR)水平(ESSMD:−0.40;95% CI:−1.26 ~ 0.47,p = 0.369)。结论本研究结果显示，添加小檗碱可有效改善体重和血脂，但对肥胖指标的影响有待进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the impact of mulberry fruits on metabolic syndrome: A systematic review of current evidence 探索桑葚果实对代谢综合征的影响:对现有证据的系统回顾

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100363

Matilde Tornaghi , Ali Ali Redha , Mariangela Rondanelli , Simone Perna

Background

Mulberries are rich in nutrients including a wide range of polyphenols that possess different bioactive properties. This systematic review illustrates mulberry's potential as a promising plant food for mitigating the perturbations associated with metabolic syndrome.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on 1st March 2023 in Scopus and PubMed. A total of 15 eligible studies (in vitro and in vivo) studies evaluating the effect of mulberries on metabolic syndrome-related factors such as obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure were included.

Results

Predominantly, the studies have centred around its anti-visceral-obesity and lipid-reducing effects. The interventions in these studies spanned 8–12 weeks, employing modest oral doses—ranging from 10 to 800 of mg/kg of body weight per day—of mulberry extracts, powders, or freeze-dried fruits. The favorable effects of mulberry are predominantly ascribed to its rich polyphenolic content, which interacts with diverse metabolic pathways. In terms of its anti-visceral-obesity effect, these polyphenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, exhibit the capacity to modulate fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, enhance mitochondrial function, and attenuate reactive oxygen species accumulation. In vivo, constituents such as resveratrol, rutin, and anthocyanins demonstrate efficacy in inhibiting lipid synthesis, accumulation, and oxidation, leveraging their free radical scavenging ability, while concurrently orchestrating metabolic modulation in tandem with prebiotic agents.

Conclusions

Based on these data, it can be inferred that the utilization of white mulberry holds greater promise in the management of ailments like hypertension and dyslipidemia. Conversely, black mulberry displays efficacy in addressing diabetes and obesity.

桑葚含有丰富的营养物质，包括多种具有不同生物活性的多酚。这篇系统的综述说明了桑树作为一种有前途的植物性食物的潜力，可以减轻与代谢综合征相关的扰动。系统检索于2023年3月1日在Scopus和PubMed中进行。共纳入15项符合条件的研究(体外和体内)，评估桑葚对代谢综合征相关因素(如肥胖、糖尿病、高胆固醇和高血压)的影响。这些研究主要集中在其抗内脏肥胖和降脂作用上。这些研究的干预措施持续了8-12周，采用适度的口服剂量——每天10 - 800毫克/千克体重的桑树提取物、粉末或冻干水果。桑树的有益作用主要归因于其丰富的多酚含量，多酚与多种代谢途径相互作用。就其抗内脏肥胖作用而言，这些多酚类化合物，特别是花青素，具有调节脂肪酸和甘油三酯合成、增强线粒体功能和减弱活性氧积累的能力。在体内，白藜芦醇、芦丁和花青素等成分显示出抑制脂质合成、积累和氧化的功效，利用它们的自由基清除能力，同时与益生元制剂协同协调代谢调节。基于这些数据，可以推断，白桑葚的利用在高血压和血脂异常等疾病的管理中具有更大的希望。相反，黑桑在治疗糖尿病和肥胖方面显示出功效。

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy and safety of probiotics in the treatment of depression and anxiety: An umbrella review of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials 益生菌治疗抑郁和焦虑的有效性和安全性:随机临床试验的系统评价综述

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100362

Claudia Regina de Souza , Raul Edison Luna Lazo , Felipe Mainka, André Gaspar Zinco, Mariana Mengarda, Aline de Fátima Bonetti, Fábio Seigi Murakami

Background

Depression and anxiety have several consequences on human health and are the most prevalent mental disorders in the world. The central nervous system is known to be affected by the gut microbiota. Therefore, the consumption of probiotics can act as an alternative for the treatment of these disorders.

Objectives

This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotic in patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety through an overview of systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials.

Methods

Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until May 2023. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021246244). Efficacy and safety were assessed based on the results of depression and anxiety scale scores, and the adverse events reported. The quality of the studies and the certainty of the evidence was assessed using AMSTAR 2 and GRADE pro tools respectively.

Results

Twenty-one systematic reviews were included. Some studies showed promising results for the use of probiotics in depression treatment. However, the AMSTAR 2 tool revealed that ten studies (47.6%) were rated as "Moderate," four studies (19.0.%) as "Low," and seven studies (33.4%) as "Critically Low" in terms of methodological quality. Regarding adverse events, only 5 studies report it. Based on the GRADE pro evaluation the force of recommendation probiotics for depression and anxiety is still strength remains weak.

Conclusion

More systematic reviews with higher-quality, following meticulously recommended methodological guidelines should be conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of probiotics as intervention in patients diagnosed with depression and anxiety.

抑郁和焦虑对人类健康有多种影响，是世界上最普遍的精神障碍。众所周知，中枢神经系统会受到肠道菌群的影响。因此，食用益生菌可以作为治疗这些疾病的另一种选择。本综述旨在通过对随机临床试验的系统综述，评估益生菌对抑郁症和焦虑症患者的影响。方法系统检索PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库至2023年5月。本综述在PROSPERO注册(CRD42021246244)。根据抑郁和焦虑量表评分结果及不良事件报告评估疗效和安全性。研究的质量和证据的确定性分别使用AMSTAR 2和GRADE pro工具进行评估。结果共纳入21篇系统评价。一些研究显示，使用益生菌治疗抑郁症有很好的结果。然而，AMSTAR 2工具显示，就方法学质量而言，10项研究(47.6%)被评为“中等”，4项研究(19.0%)被评为“低”，7项研究(33.4%)被评为“极低”。关于不良事件，只有5项研究报告了它。基于GRADE亲评价，推荐益生菌治疗抑郁和焦虑的力度仍然较弱。结论在评估益生菌干预抑郁和焦虑患者的疗效和安全性方面，需要更多的系统评价和更高质量的评价，并遵循精心推荐的方法学指南。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary medium-chain triglycerides upregulate metabolic gene expression in the gastrocnemius and downregulate expression of muscle-degradation gene in the soleus in aged bromodomain-containing 4+/- heterozygous mice 饮食中链甘油三酯上调老年含溴结构域4+/-杂合小鼠腓肠肌代谢基因表达，下调比目鱼肌肌肉降解基因表达

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100361

Mayu Kimura , Shiori Ishiyama , Takashi Ando , Yuji Tanaka , Keiko Ozato , Kazuki Mochizuki

Purpose

Bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4) positively regulates metabolic gene expression, and Brd4^+/- heterozygous mice exhibit leanness and malnutrition-like features. We evaluated gene expression changes, particularly of metabolism and muscle synthesis/degradation, in the skeletal muscles of aged Brd4^+/- mice fed a high medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet.

Methods

Each organ weight of C57BL/6J male wild-type and Brd4^+/-/C57BL/6J mice were assessed at approximately 100 weeks old. Male Brd4^+/-/C57BL/6J mice (aged 54–84 weeks) were fed a control or MCT diet for approximately 5 months and mRNA expression changes in the gastrocnemius and soleus were quantified using mRNA microarray analysis and qRT-PCR.

Results

Gastrocnemius and soleus weights decreased markedly in aged Brd4^+/-, compared to wild-type mice; MCT-fed Brd4^+/- mice had decreased mesenteric adipose tissue weight but no decrease in gastrocnemius and soleus weights. Metabolic gene expression was downregulated more in the gastrocnemius than in the soleus. Metabolic genes, including glycolytic and citric acid cycle, and Myh3, mediating regeneration of the skeletal muscle, in gastrocnemius, were upregulated in MCT-diet-fed Brd4^+/-, whereas Murf1, which promotes degradation, was downregulated in soleus.

Conclusions

An MCT-rich diet altered mRNA expression of metabolic and muscle-regeneration and -degradation genes in the gastrocnemius and soleus of Brd4^+/- mice.

目的含溴4（BRD4）正调控代谢基因表达，BRD4+/-杂合小鼠表现出消瘦和营养不良样特征。我们评估了喂食高-中链甘油三酯（MCT）饮食的老年Brd4+/-小鼠骨骼肌中的基因表达变化，特别是代谢和肌肉合成/降解的变化。方法在大约100周龄时评估C57BL/6J雄性野生型和Brd4+/-/C57BL/6J小鼠的每个器官重量。雄性Brd4+/-C57BL/6J小鼠（54–84周龄）喂食对照或MCT饮食约5个月，并使用信使核糖核酸微阵列分析和qRT-PCR定量腓肠肌和比目鱼肌的信使核糖核酸表达变化。结果与野生型小鼠相比，老龄Brd4++-的腓肠肌和腓肠肌重量显著降低；MCT喂养的Brd4+/-小鼠肠系膜脂肪组织重量减少，但腓肠肌和比目鱼肌重量没有减少。代谢基因表达在腓肠肌中的下调幅度大于比目鱼肌。代谢基因，包括糖酵解和柠檬酸循环，以及介导腓肠肌骨骼肌再生的Myh3，在MCT饮食喂养的Brd4+/-中上调，而促进降解的Murf1在比目鱼肌中下调。结论富含MCT的饮食改变了Brd4+/-小鼠腓肠肌和比目鱼肌代谢、肌肉再生和降解基因的mRNA表达。

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引用次数: 0

Nucleic acids and collagen can attenuate ovariectomy-induced degeneration of fibers in the abdominal aortic wall of female rat 核酸和胶原蛋白能减轻卵巢切除引起的雌性大鼠腹主动脉壁纤维变性

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100360

Mayo Higashihara , Hirona Kugo , Tomomi Nakamura , Tomoko Sumi , Daisuke Shimizu , Keisuke Kiriyama , Mica Fujita , Keita Sutoh , Tatsuya Moriyama , Nobuhiro Zaima

Background

Women are more resistant to the development of cardiovascular diseases compared with men. However, the vascular integrity of elderly women gradually declines, and their incidence is comparable to that of men. The increased risk of cardiovascular diseases is reportedly associated with menopause. The previous studies which show close relationship between menopause and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases suggest that preventive methods must be established to alleviate this unavoidable menopause-induced vascular degeneration. Functional food factors can be effective for prevention of degeneration of the vascular wall in women. In this study, we evaluated the effects of dietary nucleic acids and collagen on vascular degeneration after ovariectomy (OVX).

Methods

Three-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into 4 groups according to condition: sham-placebo drink, sham-sample drink, OVX-placebo drink, and OVX-sample drink. The sample drink and placebo drink were administered orally until autopsy, respectively. One week later, sham-treatment or OVX was performed, and 7 weeks later, tissues were collected for pathological analysis by staining.

Results

OVX-induced degenerations of vascular fibers, degradation of elastic fiber and denature of collagen, were suppressed in the rats which were administrated nucleic acids and collagen. OVX induced increases of neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9. The increased neutrophil elastase and MMPs were decreased by administration of nucleic acids and collagen. Nucleic acids and collagen suppressed infiltration of macrophages and dysfunction of vascular smooth muscles cells.

Conclusions

These results suggest that nucleic acids and collagen prevent vascular inflammation which results in degeneration of the vascular wall.

与男性相比，女性对心血管疾病的抵抗力更强。然而，老年女性血管完整性逐渐下降，其发病率与男性相当。据报道，心血管疾病风险的增加与更年期有关。先前的研究表明更年期与心血管疾病风险增加之间的密切关系，建议必须建立预防方法来减轻这种不可避免的更年期引起的血管变性。功能性食物因子可有效预防女性血管壁退化。在这项研究中，我们评估了膳食核酸和胶原蛋白对卵巢切除术后血管变性的影响。方法将3周龄雌性Sprague-Dawley大鼠按条件分为4组:假安慰剂饮料、假样品饮料、ovx -安慰剂饮料和ovx -样品饮料。样品饮料和安慰剂饮料分别被口服，直到尸体解剖。1周后进行假治疗或OVX治疗，7周后收集组织进行染色病理分析。结果sovx诱导的大鼠血管纤维变性、弹性纤维降解和胶原变性均受到抑制。OVX诱导中性粒细胞弹性酶和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP) 2和9升高。核酸和胶原可降低中性粒细胞弹性酶和MMPs的升高。核酸和胶原抑制巨噬细胞浸润和血管平滑肌细胞功能障碍。结论核酸和胶原蛋白具有预防血管炎症导致的血管壁变性的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Ketone bodies inhibit mast cell degradation and protect against anaphylaxis 酮体抑制肥大细胞降解并防止过敏反应

IF 3.2 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

PharmaNutrition

Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100359

Akira Sato , Hina Nemoto , Tsukasa Matsumoto , Makoto Ohira

Background

Ketone bodies play critical roles in organismal energy homeostasis; however, their effects on various diseases remain unknown. We investigated the effects of two ketone bodies, β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-HB) and acetoacetic acid (AcAc), on type I hypersensitivity in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

The effects of β-HB and AcAc on mast cell degradation, as monitored by β-hexosaminidase release in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, and hypothermic anaphylaxis, a potentially deadly allergic reaction, were evaluated in an anaphylactic mouse model.

Results

Both β-HB and AcAc inhibited β-hexosaminidase release from RBL-2H3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of AcAc were greater than those of β-HB. The inhibitory effects of β-HB and AcAc were significantly attenuated in the presence of a GPR109A receptor antagonist mepenzolate bromide and GPR43A antagonist GLPG0974. β-HB and AcAc did not affect the viability of RBL-2H3 cells at concentrations below 100 µmol/L. In an anaphylactic mouse model, the intraperitoneal injection of AcAc (1 µmol/mouse) inhibited anaphylactic hypothermia, whereas the injection of β-HB (1–10 µmol/mouse) did not.

Conclusions

These results suggest that β-HB and AcAc, especially AcAc, are effective in type I hypersensitivity reactions, such as anaphylaxis, by inhibiting mast cell degradation.

酮体在机体能量稳态中起着关键作用；然而，它们对各种疾病的影响仍然未知。我们在体外和体内研究了两种酮体，β-羟基丁酸（β-HB）和乙酰乙酸（AcAc）对I型超敏反应的影响。方法通过大鼠嗜碱性白血病RBL-2H3细胞释放β-己糖胺酶来监测β-HB和AcAc对肥大细胞降解的影响，并在过敏小鼠模型中评估低温过敏反应（一种潜在的致命过敏反应）。结果β-HB和AcAc均以浓度依赖性方式抑制RBL-2H3细胞释放β-己糖苷酶。AcAc的抑制作用大于β-HB。在GPR109A受体拮抗剂溴化甲苯甲酸酯和GPR43A拮抗剂GLPG0974的存在下，β-HB和AcAc的抑制作用显著减弱。β-HB和AcAc在低于100µmol/L的浓度下不影响RBL-2H3细胞的活力。在过敏性小鼠模型中，腹腔注射AcAc（1µmol/小鼠）抑制过敏性体温过低，而注射β-HB（1-10µmol/鼠）则没有。结论β-HB和AcAc，尤其是AcAc通过抑制肥大细胞降解，对过敏反应等I型超敏反应有效。

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引用次数: 0