Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and debilitating disease, as the currently available medications such as endothelin receptor antagonists, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin agonists only provide symptomatic relief without offering a complete cure. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel approaches that target the underlying cellular and molecular signaling pathways involved in PAH.
Method
Phenolic acids represent a class of phytochemical compounds that possess well-established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making them of significant interest in the treatment of PAH. In this review, we specifically focus on three bioactive components: salvianolic acids, magnesium lithospermate B extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and osthole, which is a coumarin-type compound.
Results
By examining the therapeutic potential of these compounds, we aim to shed light on their role in mitigating the effects of PAH and contribute to the development of innovative treatment strategies. In the progression of PAH, various functional signaling molecules and pathways are inhibited by phenolic acids. These include p38MAPK, P38, ROS, ROCK, Ras, MEK 1/2, ERK 1/2, TGF β, BMPR-2, Smad 1/5/8, NOX2, NOX4, CDK 4/6. On the other hand, PI3K and AKT pathways are upregulated.
Conclusion
The lack of definitive treatment for PAH highlights the importance of further studies and evaluations to translate these therapies to the clinic, given the outstanding characteristics of phenolic acids.
{"title":"Plant-derived phenolic acids in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension: A review of the underlying mechanisms","authors":"Elaheh Mirhadi , Wael Almahmeed , Prashant Kesharwani , Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and debilitating disease, as the currently available medications such as endothelin receptor antagonists, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin agonists only provide symptomatic relief without offering a complete cure. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel approaches that target the underlying cellular and molecular signaling pathways involved in PAH.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Phenolic acids represent a class of phytochemical compounds that possess well-established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making them of significant interest in the treatment of PAH. In this review, we specifically focus on three bioactive components: salvianolic acids, magnesium lithospermate B extracted from <em>Salvia miltiorrhiza</em>, and osthole, which is a coumarin-type compound.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>By examining the therapeutic potential of these compounds, we aim to shed light on their role in mitigating the effects of PAH and contribute to the development of innovative treatment strategies. In the progression of PAH, various functional signaling molecules and pathways are inhibited by phenolic acids. These include p38MAPK, P38, ROS, ROCK, Ras, MEK 1/2, ERK 1/2, TGF β, BMPR-2, Smad 1/5/8, NOX2, NOX4, CDK 4/6. On the other hand, PI3K and AKT pathways are upregulated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The lack of definitive treatment for PAH highlights the importance of further studies and evaluations to translate these therapies to the clinic, given the outstanding characteristics of phenolic acids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139883486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sulfur-containing compounds derived from natural sources, including marine and terrestrial organisms, have garnered significant attention for their potential therapeutic applications in addressing chronic diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite available treatments targeting the endothelin, prostacyclin, and nitric oxide pathways, PAH remains a progressive clinical condition.
Method
The characteristic features of PAH, including increased vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, and remodeling leading to heart failure, have spurred researchers to explore novel treatment approaches. Certain plant species, particularly those belonging to the allium family, have been found to produce sulfur-containing compounds such as cysteine sulfoxides and glucosinolates with protective properties.
Results
Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) have shown promise in reducing inflammatory mediators, including PGE2, NO, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17.
Conclusion
In this review, we delve into the therapeutic role of specific sulfur-containing compounds, namely sulforaphane, allicin, and hydrogen sulfide, in the treatment of PAH.
{"title":"Therapeutic potential of organosulfur compounds in pulmonary hypertension","authors":"Elaheh Mirhadi , Maryam Mirhadi , Prashant Kesharwani , Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sulfur-containing compounds derived from natural sources, including marine and terrestrial organisms, have garnered significant attention for their potential therapeutic applications in addressing chronic diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite available treatments targeting the endothelin, prostacyclin, and nitric oxide pathways, PAH remains a progressive clinical condition.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The characteristic features of PAH, including increased vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, and remodeling leading to heart failure, have spurred researchers to explore novel treatment approaches. Certain plant species, particularly those belonging to the allium family, have been found to produce sulfur-containing compounds such as cysteine sulfoxides and glucosinolates with protective properties.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) have shown promise in reducing inflammatory mediators, including PGE2, NO, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this review, we delve into the therapeutic role of specific sulfur-containing compounds, namely sulforaphane, allicin, and hydrogen sulfide, in the treatment of PAH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139817896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100380
Stephan Peters , Hans Verhagen
Background
The front-of-pack label Nutri-Score is currently proposed as the system of choice in seven EU countries. However, there is still much scientific debate about the validation and efficacy of Nutri-Score and there is much discussion about author affiliation and study outcome.
Methods
To address these issues, we conducted a complete PubMed search on Nutri-Score which resulted in n = 180 results and selected all papers that address the relevance of the evidence for the validation of Nutri-Score (n = 104).
Results
Our main observations are that the large majority of studies that support the Nutri-Score are carried out by the developers of Nutri-Score. In contrast, the majority (61%) of studies that are carried out independently from the developers of Nutri-Score showed unfavourable results. A second observation is that even though the theoretical effect of Nutri-Score is validated on a multi-nutrient algorithm (FSA-NPS), there is no real-life evidence of any beneficial effects of Nutri-Score on this algorithm in a complete supermarket range. In conclusion, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of Nutri-Score as an effective public health tool.
Discussion
Overall, the available evidence is limited and biased, and more research is needed to substantiate or disprove the effectiveness of Nutri-Score.
{"title":"Publication bias and Nutri-Score: A complete literature review of the substantiation of the effectiveness of the front-of-pack logo Nutri-Score","authors":"Stephan Peters , Hans Verhagen","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The front-of-pack label Nutri-Score is currently proposed as the system of choice in seven EU countries. However, there is still much scientific debate about the validation and efficacy of Nutri-Score and there is much discussion about author affiliation and study outcome.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To address these issues, we conducted a complete PubMed search on Nutri-Score which resulted in n = 180 results and selected all papers that address the relevance of the evidence for the validation of Nutri-Score (n = 104).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our main observations are that the large majority of studies that support the Nutri-Score are carried out by the developers of Nutri-Score. In contrast, the majority (61%) of studies that are carried out independently from the developers of Nutri-Score showed unfavourable results. A second observation is that even though the theoretical effect of Nutri-Score is validated on a multi-nutrient algorithm (FSA-NPS), there is no real-life evidence of any beneficial effects of Nutri-Score on this algorithm in a complete supermarket range. In conclusion, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of Nutri-Score as an effective public health tool.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Overall, the available evidence is limited and biased, and more research is needed to substantiate or disprove the effectiveness of Nutri-Score.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434424000069/pdfft?md5=345dff8a58f1d4271392ca50e90247d6&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434424000069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139874812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100379
Jelena Banović Fuentes , Maja Amidžić , Jovica Banović , Ljilja Torović
Background
The use of the internet for researching and purchasing dietary supplements (DS) is rapidly increasing, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic influenced people to seek information related to health problems online. However, internet marketing is not subject to strict controls and can potentially mislead consumers.
Methods
The study assessed information obtained through internet search on websites for online sale of 75 DS intended for cognitive improvement and prevention of cognitive degeneration.
Results
The analysis revealed a wide array of active substances (126), most often three or more being present in one DS (61.3%). Data on auxiliary substances were present in 74.3% of DS, with 92.7% of DS specifying usage instructions. However, information on references (10.7%), mechanism of action (50.7%), pharmacological (9.3%) and toxicological (5.3%) effects, as well as presence or absence of allergens (21.3%), were considerably less represented. Warnings were not provided in 41.3% of DS, while 77.3% had some information on potential adverse/side effects. Claims, as the primary drivers of supplement promotion, were present in all assessed DS, but in case of USA products were not always followed by FDA disclaimer (8.2%), while in case of EU products, as many as 90.9% had at least one unapproved claim.
Conclusion
Stricter regulations for advertising and selling DS are necessary, along with harmonization among countries, as the internet is a global space that transcends national borders and laws. There is a necessity to enhance inspection oversight and a need for public education on recognizing secure and verified information on the internet.
{"title":"Internet marketing of dietary supplements for improving memory and cognitive abilities","authors":"Jelena Banović Fuentes , Maja Amidžić , Jovica Banović , Ljilja Torović","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of the internet for researching and purchasing dietary supplements (DS) is rapidly increasing, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic influenced people to seek information related to health problems online. However, internet marketing is not subject to strict controls and can potentially mislead consumers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study assessed information obtained through internet search on websites for online sale of 75 DS intended for cognitive improvement and prevention of cognitive degeneration.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The analysis revealed a wide array of active substances (126), most often three or more being present in one DS (61.3%). Data on auxiliary substances were present in 74.3% of DS, with 92.7% of DS specifying usage instructions. However, information on references (10.7%), mechanism of action (50.7%), pharmacological (9.3%) and toxicological (5.3%) effects, as well as presence or absence of allergens (21.3%), were considerably less represented. Warnings were not provided in 41.3% of DS, while 77.3% had some information on potential adverse/side effects. Claims, as the primary drivers of supplement promotion, were present in all assessed DS, but in case of USA products were not always followed by FDA disclaimer (8.2%), while in case of EU products, as many as 90.9% had at least one unapproved claim.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Stricter regulations for advertising and selling DS are necessary, along with harmonization among countries, as the internet is a global space that transcends national borders and laws. There is a necessity to enhance inspection oversight and a need for public education on recognizing secure and verified information on the internet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100377
Alessandra Durazzo , Massimo Lucarini , Johanna T. Dwyer , Barbara C. Sorkin , Michael Heinrich , Pamela Pehrsson
Background
Non-nutrient bioactive ingredients of foods such as bee products are often of interest in preclinical and clinical research to explore their possible beneficial effects. The National Institute of Health’s Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) contains over 165,000 labels of dietary supplements marketed in the United States of America (US), including declarations on labels for many ingredients such as those in honeybee products which have been used in foods and traditional medicines for centuries worldwide and are now also appearing in dietary supplements.
Methods
This article presents a use case for honeybee products that describes and tests the utility of the DSLD and other databases available in the US as research tools for identifying and quantifying the prevalence of such ingredients. It focuses on the limitations to the information on product composition in these databases and describes how to code the ingredients using the LanguaL™ and FoodEx2 classification and description systems and the strengths and limitations of information on honeybee product ingredients, including propolis, bee pollen, royal jelly, beeswax.
Results and conclusions
Codes for the ingredients are provided for identifying their presence in LanguaL™ and FoodEx2 classification and description systems used in Europe and elsewhere. The prevalence of dietary supplement products containing these ingredients in DSLD and on the US market is low compared to some other products and ingredients. Unfortunately label declarations in DSLD do not provide quantitative information and so the data can be used only to screen for their presence, but cannot be used for quantitative exposure estimates by researchers and regulators.
{"title":"Opportunities and challenges in using NIH’s Dietary Supplement Label Database for research on non-nutrient ingredients: Use case for ingredients in honeybee products","authors":"Alessandra Durazzo , Massimo Lucarini , Johanna T. Dwyer , Barbara C. Sorkin , Michael Heinrich , Pamela Pehrsson","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Non-nutrient bioactive ingredients of foods such as bee products are often of interest in preclinical and </span>clinical research<span> to explore their possible beneficial effects. The National Institute of Health’s Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) contains over 165,000 labels of dietary supplements marketed in the United States of America (US), including declarations on labels for many ingredients such as those in honeybee products which have been used in foods and traditional medicines for centuries worldwide and are now also appearing in dietary supplements.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This article presents a use case for honeybee products that describes and tests the utility of the DSLD and other databases available in the US as research tools for identifying and quantifying the prevalence of such ingredients. It focuses on the limitations to the information on product composition in these databases and describes how to code the ingredients using the LanguaL™ and FoodEx2 classification and description systems and the strengths and limitations of information on honeybee product ingredients, including propolis, bee pollen, royal jelly, beeswax.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><p>Codes for the ingredients are provided for identifying their presence in LanguaL™ and FoodEx2 classification and description systems used in Europe and elsewhere. The prevalence of dietary supplement products containing these ingredients in DSLD and on the US market is low compared to some other products and ingredients. Unfortunately label declarations in DSLD do not provide quantitative information and so the data can be used only to screen for their presence, but cannot be used for quantitative exposure estimates by researchers and regulators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139539840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The microbial population living in our intestines plays a key role in several metabolic, nutritional, physiological, and immunological processes. It is known that infant gut microbiota composition has both horizontal transmission delivery and environmental conditions and a vertical one, from mother to child, related to how the infant is fed (breastfed or infant formula). Detailed information on the composition of meconium and feces from newborns may help predict the most prevalent and hazardous conditions affecting pregnancies, mothers, and babies, including pre-term birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus for example.
Methods
This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of the whole High-Resolution proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR NMR) procedure in metabolomic analysis in preterm newborns. Thus, multiple samples of meconium and stool were collected from 3 pairs of premature twins and their metabolite profiles were acquired and exploited by combining the NMR technique with univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results
The analysis showed that an impact on the metabolite profile was visible concerning both the sex of the newborns and the couplet of origin. Most of the variation between twin couplets was seen with butyric acid concentration in meconium/stool samples.
Conclusions
Despite the low number of samples, the described NMR procedure showed to be a suitable approach to evaluate the similarities of the molecular profiles of different samples, offering a non-invasive and informative approach to understanding the metabolic and nutritional status of preterm infants. Future metabolomic analysis should be supported by microbiome analysis, such multiomic approach will provide more complex view on development of preterm newborns.
{"title":"The application of High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HR NMR) in metabolomic analyses of meconium and stool in newborns. A preliminary pilot study of MABEL project: Metabolomics approach for the assessment of Baby-Mother Enteric Microbiota Legacy","authors":"Alessia Trimigno , Beata Łoniewska , Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka , Mariusz Kaczmarczyk , Igor Łoniewski , Gianfranco Picone","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The microbial population living in our intestines plays a key role in several metabolic, nutritional, physiological, and immunological processes. It is known that infant gut microbiota composition has both horizontal transmission delivery and environmental conditions and a vertical one, from mother to child, related to how the infant is fed (breastfed or infant formula). Detailed information on the composition of meconium and feces from newborns may help predict the most prevalent and hazardous conditions affecting pregnancies, mothers, and babies, including pre-term birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus for example.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of the whole High-Resolution proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR NMR) procedure in metabolomic analysis in preterm newborns. Thus, multiple samples of meconium and stool were collected from 3 pairs of premature twins and their metabolite profiles were acquired and exploited by combining the NMR technique with univariate and multivariate analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The analysis showed that an impact on the metabolite profile was visible concerning both the sex of the newborns and the couplet of origin. Most of the variation between twin couplets was seen with butyric acid concentration in meconium/stool samples.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite the low number of samples, the described NMR procedure showed to be a suitable approach to evaluate the similarities of the molecular profiles of different samples, offering a non-invasive and informative approach to understanding the metabolic and nutritional status of preterm infants. Future metabolomic analysis should be supported by microbiome analysis, such multiomic approach will provide more complex view on development of preterm newborns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434424000045/pdfft?md5=2e787a7fd6eb933f3dbf7bbe44089a37&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434424000045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139540728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100376
T. Maradagi , N.M. Stephen , R. Kumar , K.N. Ramudu , G. Ponesakki
Background
Carotenoids are the group of antioxidant phytonutrients, found to repress carcinogenesis by modulating multiple cellular signaling pathways. Since diabetes patients have two to three folds increased risk of liver cancer, the present study aimed to explore the role of zeaxanthin on various molecular targets of high glucose-mediated human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell proliferation.
Methods
The antiproliferative effect of zeaxanthin was examined by WST-1 assay. The DCFH-DA fluorescence dye was used to measure the intracellular ROS levels. The modulatory effect of zeaxanthin on the protein expression of MAPK-p38, Akt, and ERK, and antioxidant markers such as Nrf2, SOD2, HO1, and catalase, and apoptosis markers, Bcl2, P53, and cleaved caspase 3 was measured by western blotting. Apoptosis-inducing effect of zeaxanthin in high glucose subjected HepG2 cells was examined using DAPI staining.
Results
Zeaxanthin exhibits an effective growth inhibition in high glucose subjected HepG2 cells. It drastically repressed high glucose-mediated elevation of ROS levels. Further, zeaxanthin suppressed hyperglycemia-mediated ROS-driven p38 activation to mitigate HepG2 cell proliferation. Zeaxanthin also switched on the apoptosis pathway in hyperglycemic HepG2 cells. The apoptosis induction by zeaxanthin was confirmed with downregulated Bcl2 and P53 and upregulated cleaved caspase 3 protein expression.
Conclusions
The current findings substantiate the previous findings that zeaxanthin has greater potential than lutein in sensitizing hyperglycemic HepG2 cells by modulating multiple signaling pathways. The study highlights the importance of zeaxanthin as a powerful phytonutrient which possesses chemotherapeutic potential against diabetes-associated liver cancer progression.
{"title":"Characterization of the modulatory effect of zeaxanthin isolated from maize kernels on cellular signaling pathways associated with hyperglycemia-induced HepG2 cell proliferation","authors":"T. Maradagi , N.M. Stephen , R. Kumar , K.N. Ramudu , G. Ponesakki","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Carotenoids are the group of antioxidant </span>phytonutrients<span><span>, found to repress carcinogenesis by modulating multiple cellular signaling pathways. Since diabetes patients have two to three folds increased risk of liver cancer, the present study aimed to explore the role of </span>zeaxanthin on various molecular targets of high glucose-mediated human </span></span>hepatocellular carcinoma<span> (HepG2) cell proliferation.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>The antiproliferative effect<span> of zeaxanthin was examined by WST-1 assay. The DCFH-DA fluorescence dye was used to measure the intracellular </span></span>ROS<span> levels. The modulatory effect of zeaxanthin on the protein expression<span> of MAPK-p38, Akt, and ERK, and antioxidant markers such as Nrf2, SOD2, HO1, and catalase, and </span></span></span>apoptosis<span><span> markers, Bcl2, P53, and cleaved caspase 3 was measured by </span>western blotting. Apoptosis-inducing effect of zeaxanthin in high glucose subjected HepG2 cells was examined using DAPI staining.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Zeaxanthin exhibits an effective growth inhibition in high glucose subjected HepG2 cells. It drastically repressed high glucose-mediated elevation of ROS levels. Further, zeaxanthin suppressed hyperglycemia-mediated ROS-driven p38 activation to mitigate HepG2 cell proliferation. Zeaxanthin also switched on the apoptosis pathway in hyperglycemic HepG2 cells. The apoptosis induction by zeaxanthin was confirmed with downregulated Bcl2 and P53 and upregulated cleaved caspase 3 protein expression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The current findings substantiate the previous findings that zeaxanthin has greater potential than lutein in sensitizing hyperglycemic HepG2 cells by modulating multiple signaling pathways. The study highlights the importance of zeaxanthin as a powerful phytonutrient which possesses chemotherapeutic potential against diabetes-associated liver cancer progression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139549011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100375
Joana Dias da Costa , Giuseppe Mario Carmine Pastura , Cleber Nascimento do Carmo , Renata Ribeiro Spinelli , Pamela Melo Krok Fedeszen , Letícia Victoria Souza da Cunha , Beatriz Bastos de Araújo , Patricia de Carvalho Padilha
Background
Overweight has been increasing globally in various age groups, including children and adolescents. Despite efforts to reduce instances of childhood obesity, research has shown that children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to be overweight more often than the general population. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with overweight in children and adolescents with ADHD treated at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 40 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years who were diagnosed with ADHD. Height/age and body mass index (BMI)/age indices were used for anthropometric assessment, and the percentages of fat mass (%FM) and fat-free mass (%FFM) were estimated using bioelectrical impedance. Clinical (lipid profile and comorbidities) and sociodemographic variables were also obtained. The association between clinical and sociodemographic variables and overweight status was investigated using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). The significance level was set at p < 0.05.
Results
Excessive weight occurred in 42.5% (n = 17) of the participants, 67% (n = 20) had inadequat% FM, and 27.5% (n = 11) had dyslipidemia. According to the MCA, “greater number of people in the family”, “lower maternal education”, “presence of comorbidities, and “generalized anxiety disorder” were more frequent among those with excess weight.
Conclusion
The findings provide insights on the clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with being overweight in children and adolescents with ADHD, which may contribute to the early detection of possible inadequacies in anthropometric status.
{"title":"Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with overweight in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A cross-sectional study","authors":"Joana Dias da Costa , Giuseppe Mario Carmine Pastura , Cleber Nascimento do Carmo , Renata Ribeiro Spinelli , Pamela Melo Krok Fedeszen , Letícia Victoria Souza da Cunha , Beatriz Bastos de Araújo , Patricia de Carvalho Padilha","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Overweight has been increasing globally in various age groups, including children and adolescents. Despite efforts to reduce instances of childhood obesity, research has shown that children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) tend to be overweight more often than the general population. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with overweight in children and adolescents with ADHD treated at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cross-sectional study included 40 children and adolescents aged 6–18 years who were diagnosed with ADHD. Height/age and body mass index (BMI)/age indices were used for anthropometric assessment, and the percentages of fat mass (%FM) and fat-free mass (%FFM) were estimated using bioelectrical impedance. Clinical (lipid profile and comorbidities) and sociodemographic variables were also obtained. The association between clinical and sociodemographic variables and overweight status was investigated using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). The significance level was set at p < 0.05.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Excessive weight occurred in 42.5% (n = 17) of the participants, 67% (n = 20) had inadequat% FM, and 27.5% (n = 11) had dyslipidemia. According to the MCA, “greater number of people in the family”, “lower maternal education”, “presence of comorbidities, and “generalized anxiety disorder” were more frequent among those with excess weight.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings provide insights on the clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with being overweight in children and adolescents with ADHD, which may contribute to the early detection of possible inadequacies in anthropometric status.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139633644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reducing inflammation levels can potentially reduce treatment-induced complications in cancer patients. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of n-3 PUFAs on three main biomarkers of inflammation: tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).
Methods
A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases to find relevant studies. The difference between the intervention and control arms results was assessed by standardized mean differences (SMD) along with a 95% confidence interval.
Result
The study found that the SMD for TNF-α, CRP, and IL-6 was −0.63(95%CI:−0.89,−0.37, P < 0.001), −0.27(95%CI:−0.64,0.10, P = 0.15), −0.59(95%CI:−0.89,−0.29, P < 0.001) respectively, comparing the effects of n-3 PUFAs on study subjects compared to control. Subgroup analyses revealed heterogeneity sources for TNF-α and IL-6 but not for CRP. The study did not detect any indication of publication bias in the cases of TNF-α and CRP but detected it for IL-6.
Conclusion
N-3 PUFAs caused a significant reduction in levels of TNF-α IL-6 but not CRP in cancer patients. The findings support that n-3 PUFAs could be used as an add-on treatment for cancer patients, possibly because they reduce inflammation and do not have any known side effects in moderate doses.
{"title":"The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammation status in cancer patients: Updated systematic review and dose- and time-response meta-analysis","authors":"Mehrdad Jamali , Meysam Zarezadeh , Parsa Jamilian , Zohreh Ghoreishi","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Reducing inflammation levels can potentially reduce treatment-induced complications in cancer patients. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of n-3 PUFAs on three main biomarkers of inflammation: tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases to find relevant studies. The difference between the intervention and control arms results was assessed by standardized mean differences (SMD) along with a 95% confidence interval.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>The study found that the SMD for TNF-α, CRP, and IL-6 was −0.63(95%CI:−0.89,−0.37, P < 0.001), −0.27(95%CI:−0.64,0.10, P = 0.15), −0.59(95%CI:−0.89,−0.29, P < 0.001) respectively, comparing the effects of n-3 PUFAs on study subjects compared to control. Subgroup analyses revealed heterogeneity sources for TNF-α and IL-6 but not for CRP. The study did not detect any indication of publication bias in the cases of TNF-α and CRP but detected it for IL-6.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>N-3 PUFAs caused a significant reduction in levels of TNF-α IL-6 but not CRP in cancer patients. The findings support that n-3 PUFAs could be used as an add-on treatment for cancer patients, possibly because they reduce inflammation and do not have any known side effects in moderate doses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139108718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100374
Sina Raissi Dehkordi , Mahsa Malekahmadi , Mahlagha Nikbaf-Shandiz , Niloufar Rasaei , Amir Mehdi Hosseini , Hossein Bahari , Samira Rastgoo , Omid Asbaghi , Farideh Shiraseb , Reza Behmadi
Background
We aimed to conduct this meta-analysis to systematically assess the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), Apolipoprotein A (Apo A) and Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in adults.
Methods
A systematic search was done in databases such as PubMed, ISI Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus to find acceptable articles up to April 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of L-carnitine on lipid profiles in adults were included considering the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results
We included the 60 RCTs (n = 3933) with 64 effect sizes in this study. L-carnitine supplementation had a significant effect on TG (WMD= −10.33 mg/dl, P < 0.001), TC (WMD= −6.91 mg/dl, P = 0.032), LDL-C (WMD= −7.51 mg/dl, P < 0.001), HDL-C (WMD= 1.80 mg/dl, P = 0.007) in intervention, compared to a placebo group, in the pooled analysis. Moreover, we conducted the subgroup analyses that have shown L-carnitine supplementation had a reduction effect on TG in baseline ≥ 150 mg/dl, and in any trial duration (<12 and ≥12 weeks), intervention dose ≥ 2 g/day, in overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (>30 kg/m2), in type 2 diabetes and other health status. Also, L-carnitine significantly impacted TC in baseline ≥ 200 mg/dl, trial duration ≥ 12 weeks, intervention dose ≥ 2 g/day, obese (>30 kg/m2), and other health statuses.
Conclusions
Our results indicate L-carnitine significantly reduces the serum levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG and increases HDL-C, but it had no significant effect on the levels of apolipoproteins.
{"title":"The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profiles in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","authors":"Sina Raissi Dehkordi , Mahsa Malekahmadi , Mahlagha Nikbaf-Shandiz , Niloufar Rasaei , Amir Mehdi Hosseini , Hossein Bahari , Samira Rastgoo , Omid Asbaghi , Farideh Shiraseb , Reza Behmadi","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>We aimed to conduct this meta-analysis to systematically assess the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), </span>total cholesterol (TC), </span>Apolipoprotein A<span> (Apo A) and Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in adults.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>A systematic search was done in databases such as PubMed, ISI Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and </span>Scopus to find acceptable articles up to April 2023. </span>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of L-carnitine on lipid profiles in adults were included considering the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>We included the 60 RCTs (n = 3933) with 64 effect sizes in this study. L-carnitine supplementation had a significant effect on TG (WMD= −10.33 mg/dl, P < 0.001), TC (WMD= −6.91 mg/dl, P = 0.032), LDL-C (WMD= −7.51 mg/dl, P < 0.001), HDL-C (WMD= 1.80 mg/dl, P = 0.007) in intervention, compared to a placebo group, in the pooled analysis. Moreover, we conducted the subgroup analyses that have shown L-carnitine supplementation had a reduction effect on TG in baseline ≥ 150 mg/dl, and in any trial duration (<12 and ≥12 weeks), intervention dose ≥ 2 g/day, in overweight (25–29.9 kg/m</span><sup>2</sup>) and obese (>30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), in type <sup>2</sup> diabetes and other health status. Also, L-carnitine significantly impacted TC in baseline ≥ 200 mg/dl, trial duration ≥ 12 weeks, intervention dose ≥ 2 g/day, obese (>30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), and other health statuses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results indicate L-carnitine significantly reduces the serum levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG and increases HDL-C, but it had no significant effect on the levels of apolipoproteins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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