Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100436
Emmanuel Ofosu Mensah , Parise Adadi , Richard Vincent Asase , Opoku Kelvin , Fatemeh Jalil Mozhdehi , Isaac Amoah , Dominic Agyei
Aloe vera (AV) is a succulent plant renowned for its medicinal properties, containing numerous bioactive compounds that offer significant health benefits. Aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 12 on Responsible Consumption and Production, utilizing AV and its byproducts in the food industry can promote sustainability by reducing waste and maximizing resource efficiency. This review provides an in-depth analysis of AV and its byproducts as sources of functional compounds for the food industry. It focuses on various extraction methods for isolating bioactive compounds. The biological activities of these compounds, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiome properties, were discussed to highlight their potetial health benefits. Additionally, the review explores the diverse applications of AV and its byproducts in the food industry, including their use as natural preservatives, functional ingredients, and nutraceuticals. Effective extraction techniques preserve the functional properties of isolated compounds, which exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Ultimately, AV and its byproducts can enhance the nutritional profiles of food products and contribute to the development of health-promoting formulations. By harnessing these benefits, the food industry can create innovative products that align with sustainable practices while improving consumer health.
{"title":"Aloe vera and its byproducts as sources of valuable bioactive compounds: Extraction, biological activities, and applications in various food industries","authors":"Emmanuel Ofosu Mensah , Parise Adadi , Richard Vincent Asase , Opoku Kelvin , Fatemeh Jalil Mozhdehi , Isaac Amoah , Dominic Agyei","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aloe vera (AV) is a succulent plant renowned for its medicinal properties, containing numerous bioactive compounds that offer significant health benefits. Aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly Goal 12 on Responsible Consumption and Production, utilizing AV and its byproducts in the food industry can promote sustainability by reducing waste and maximizing resource efficiency. This review provides an in-depth analysis of AV and its byproducts as sources of functional compounds for the food industry. It focuses on various extraction methods for isolating bioactive compounds. The biological activities of these compounds, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiome properties, were discussed to highlight their potetial health benefits. Additionally, the review explores the diverse applications of AV and its byproducts in the food industry, including their use as natural preservatives, functional ingredients, and nutraceuticals. Effective extraction techniques preserve the functional properties of isolated compounds, which exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Ultimately, AV and its byproducts can enhance the nutritional profiles of food products and contribute to the development of health-promoting formulations. By harnessing these benefits, the food industry can create innovative products that align with sustainable practices while improving consumer health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100437
Lotta Toivio , Jyri Toivio , Jere Lindén , Keehoon Lee , Markku Lehto , Hanne Salmenkari , Riitta Korpela
High-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have been found to alleviate experimental colitis in rodents. These diets lead to increased endogenous production and utilization of ketone bodies, such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and supplementation with exogenous ketones has arisen as a potential alternative to ketogenic diets. This study aimed to investigate how continuous high-dose feeding with free acid BHB influences experimental colitis compared to a ketogenic diet with the hypothesis that BHB would also alleviate the inflammation. We fed nine-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice for four weeks with one of three diets: a low-fat control diet, a ketogenic diet, or a low-fat diet supplemented with free acid R-BHB and then induced colonic inflammation with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). We assessed macroscopic and histological changes in the colon, intestinal permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, colonic mRNA expression of tight junction proteins and inflammatory markers, fecal calprotectin, and microbiota composition. While the ketogenic diet alleviated DSS-induced weight loss, macroscopic changes, and histological lesions, the BHB-supplemented diet did not have the same effect. The pre-DSS composition of the microbiota was drastically different between the diet groups which may partly explain the different outcomes. In conclusion, high-dose supplementation with free acid BHB may not produce the same benefits as ketogenic diet in the context of colonic inflammation.
{"title":"Free acid β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation does not ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis similar to ketogenic diet in male mice","authors":"Lotta Toivio , Jyri Toivio , Jere Lindén , Keehoon Lee , Markku Lehto , Hanne Salmenkari , Riitta Korpela","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have been found to alleviate experimental colitis in rodents. These diets lead to increased endogenous production and utilization of ketone bodies, such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and supplementation with exogenous ketones has arisen as a potential alternative to ketogenic diets. This study aimed to investigate how continuous high-dose feeding with free acid BHB influences experimental colitis compared to a ketogenic diet with the hypothesis that BHB would also alleviate the inflammation. We fed nine-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice for four weeks with one of three diets: a low-fat control diet, a ketogenic diet, or a low-fat diet supplemented with free acid R-BHB and then induced colonic inflammation with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). We assessed macroscopic and histological changes in the colon, intestinal permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran, colonic mRNA expression of tight junction proteins and inflammatory markers, fecal calprotectin, and microbiota composition. While the ketogenic diet alleviated DSS-induced weight loss, macroscopic changes, and histological lesions, the BHB-supplemented diet did not have the same effect. The pre-DSS composition of the microbiota was drastically different between the diet groups which may partly explain the different outcomes. In conclusion, high-dose supplementation with free acid BHB may not produce the same benefits as ketogenic diet in the context of colonic inflammation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The human body harbors a vast and complex community of microorganisms, primarily bacteria residing in the gut. This gut microbiome significantly impacts our health, influencing digestion, nutrient absorption, immune function, and potentially even mental well-being. An imbalance in this microbial community, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to various human diseases. This realization has opened doors to exciting possibilities in healthcare: microbiome-based therapies that aim to restore gut balance and modulate the immune response. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), involving transplanting stool from a healthy donor, and live probiotic microorganisms are two common microbiome-based therapies. Apart from consuming high-fiber foods such as the Mediterranean diet, dietary approaches for altering the microbiome include adding prebiotics that encourage the development of beneficial microorganisms. However, microbiome-based therapies are not a one-size-fits-all solution. Individual variability in gut microbiome composition across people can affect effectiveness of these therapies. Establishing clear regulations and safety protocols, addressing ethical concerns through open communication, informed consent, and responsible marketing practices, are essential for the responsible use of these therapies. Our study will examine microbiome-based therapy from its premise and mechanism to its current state of development. Additionally, development challenges and potential solutions to inspire further investigations will be discussed.
{"title":"The frontier of health: Exploring therapeutic potentials of the microbiome","authors":"Mohammad Abavisani , Sobhan Karbas Foroushan , Prashant Kesharwani , Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human body harbors a vast and complex community of microorganisms, primarily bacteria residing in the gut. This gut microbiome significantly impacts our health, influencing digestion, nutrient absorption, immune function, and potentially even mental well-being. An imbalance in this microbial community, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to various human diseases. This realization has opened doors to exciting possibilities in healthcare: microbiome-based therapies that aim to restore gut balance and modulate the immune response. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), involving transplanting stool from a healthy donor, and live probiotic microorganisms are two common microbiome-based therapies. Apart from consuming high-fiber foods such as the Mediterranean diet, dietary approaches for altering the microbiome include adding prebiotics that encourage the development of beneficial microorganisms. However, microbiome-based therapies are not a one-size-fits-all solution. Individual variability in gut microbiome composition across people can affect effectiveness of these therapies. Establishing clear regulations and safety protocols, addressing ethical concerns through open communication, informed consent, and responsible marketing practices, are essential for the responsible use of these therapies. Our study will examine microbiome-based therapy from its premise and mechanism to its current state of development. Additionally, development challenges and potential solutions to inspire further investigations will be discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100434
Alessandro Leone , Sara Di Lello , Simona Bertoli , Stefano Ravasenghi , Ramona De Amicis , Francesca Menichetti , Gelsomina Fico , Laura Santagostini , Babahmed Mohamed-Iahdih , Saleh Mohamed Lamin Saleh , Alberto Battezzati
Complementary plant-based medicine is used in developing countries to address healthcare challenges and limited access to conventional medicines. Moringa oleifera has been studied for its anti-diabetic properties, but human studies are limited. This study evaluated the long-term effect of daily M. oleifera leaf powder consumption on glycemic control in Sahrawi women with type 2 diabetes. A 3-month unblind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 45 Sahrawi women treated with oral glucose-lowering drugs. Participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group (30 women) and a control group (15 women). The experimental group received 10 g of M. oleifera leaf powder daily, while the control group did not consume Moringa. Anthropometric and glycemic parameters (fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin) were measured at baseline and after 3 months. A proximate and phenolic analysis of plant material was also performed. M. oleifera leaves were rich in protein, fiber, and quercetin- and kaempferol-glucosides. After 3 months, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in body fat (-1.5 %, 95 %CI: −2.5, −0.5, p < 0.001) and improved glycated hemoglobin levels (-0.59 %, 95 %CI: −0.93, −0.25, p < 0.001), while these parameters remained unchanged in the control group. In conclusion, daily M. oleifera consumption, alongside drug therapy, may improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
发展中国家使用植物性补充药物来解决卫生保健挑战和常规药物获取受限的问题。辣木已被研究其抗糖尿病特性，但人体研究有限。本研究评估了每天食用油棕叶粉对2型糖尿病撒哈拉妇女血糖控制的长期影响。对45名接受口服降糖药治疗的撒哈拉妇女进行了为期3个月的非盲随机对照试验。参与者被分为两组：实验组（30名女性）和对照组（15名女性）。实验组每天给予辣木叶粉10 g，对照组不给予辣木粉。在基线和3个月后测量人体测量和血糖参数（空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白）。还进行了植物材料的近似和酚类分析。油橄榄叶含有丰富的蛋白质、纤维和槲皮素、山奈酚糖苷。3个月后，实验组的体脂显著降低（-1.5 %,95 %CI: - 2.5, -0.5, p <； 0.001），糖化血红蛋白水平显著提高（-0.59 %,95 %CI: - 0.93, - 0.25, p <； 0.001），而对照组的这些参数保持不变。综上所述，在药物治疗的同时，每日食用油橄榄可改善2型糖尿病患者的血糖控制。建议进一步的研究来证实这些发现。
{"title":"Moringa oleifera leaf powder enhances glycemic control in sahrawi women with type 2 diabetes: Findings from a 3-month unblinded randomized controlled trial","authors":"Alessandro Leone , Sara Di Lello , Simona Bertoli , Stefano Ravasenghi , Ramona De Amicis , Francesca Menichetti , Gelsomina Fico , Laura Santagostini , Babahmed Mohamed-Iahdih , Saleh Mohamed Lamin Saleh , Alberto Battezzati","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complementary plant-based medicine is used in developing countries to address healthcare challenges and limited access to conventional medicines. <em>Moringa oleifera</em> has been studied for its anti-diabetic properties, but human studies are limited. This study evaluated the long-term effect of daily <em>M. oleifera</em> leaf powder consumption on glycemic control in Sahrawi women with type 2 diabetes. A 3-month unblind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 45 Sahrawi women treated with oral glucose-lowering drugs. Participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group (30 women) and a control group (15 women). The experimental group received 10 g of <em>M. oleifera</em> leaf powder daily, while the control group did not consume Moringa. Anthropometric and glycemic parameters (fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin) were measured at baseline and after 3 months. A proximate and phenolic analysis of plant material was also performed. <em>M. oleifera</em> leaves were rich in protein, fiber, and quercetin- and kaempferol-glucosides. After 3 months, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in body fat (-1.5 %, 95 %CI: −2.5, −0.5, p < 0.001) and improved glycated hemoglobin levels (-0.59 %, 95 %CI: −0.93, −0.25, p < 0.001), while these parameters remained unchanged in the control group. In conclusion, daily <em>M. oleifera</em> consumption, alongside drug therapy, may improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143336102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100433
Fangchen Ye , Laifu Li , Lianli Wang , Yan Ran , Lin Mei , Yating Sun , Xinping Zhang , Fei Dai
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Green tea has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may aid in improving intestinal inflammation. However, the targets and mechanisms of green tea in treating IBS are still unclear. In this study, we utilized network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques in combination with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) chip analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Our aim was to explore the molecular targets and mechanisms of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the primary active component found in green tea, for the prevention and treatment of IBS. We obtained 164 drug targets, 335 differentially expressed genes of IBS, and 12 drug-disease cross genes. After screening the results, TNF, TLR4, PTGS2, and IL10 were identified as core targets. Molecular docking results confirmed that EGCG binds to these core targets and can be used for the prevention and treatment of IBS. Then, we stimulated M1-type macrophages with EGCG and showed that EGCG up-regulated mRNA of IL10 and down-regulated mRNA of TNF and TLR4 in macrophages. This study suggests that EGCG may be involved in inflammation-related signaling pathways and plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of IBS by acting on disease targets such as TNF, TLR4, PTGS2, and IL10.
肠易激综合征（IBS）是最常见的功能性胃肠道疾病，其特征是腹痛、腹胀和排便习惯的改变。据报道，绿茶具有抗炎和抗氧化的特性，这可能有助于改善肠道炎症。然而，绿茶治疗肠易激综合征的靶点和机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们利用网络药理学和分子对接技术，结合Gene Expression Omnibus （GEO）芯片分析和生物信息学分析。我们的目的是探索绿茶中主要活性成分表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯（EGCG）预防和治疗肠易激综合征的分子靶点和机制。我们获得164个药物靶点，335个IBS差异表达基因和12个药病交叉基因。筛选结果后，TNF、TLR4、PTGS2和IL10被确定为核心靶点。分子对接结果证实EGCG与这些核心靶点结合，可用于IBS的预防和治疗。然后，我们用EGCG刺激m1型巨噬细胞，发现EGCG上调巨噬细胞中IL10的mRNA，下调TNF和TLR4的mRNA。本研究提示EGCG可能参与炎症相关信号通路，通过作用于肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、TLR4、PTGS2、IL10等疾病靶点，在IBS的预防和治疗中发挥关键作用。
{"title":"Mechanism of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in the prevention and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: A network pharmacology and gene expression omnibus chip data-based study","authors":"Fangchen Ye , Laifu Li , Lianli Wang , Yan Ran , Lin Mei , Yating Sun , Xinping Zhang , Fei Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder, characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Green tea has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may aid in improving intestinal inflammation. However, the targets and mechanisms of green tea in treating IBS are still unclear. In this study, we utilized network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques in combination with Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) chip analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Our aim was to explore the molecular targets and mechanisms of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the primary active component found in green tea, for the prevention and treatment of IBS. We obtained 164 drug targets, 335 differentially expressed genes of IBS, and 12 drug-disease cross genes. After screening the results, TNF, TLR4, PTGS2, and IL10 were identified as core targets. Molecular docking results confirmed that EGCG binds to these core targets and can be used for the prevention and treatment of IBS. Then, we stimulated M1-type macrophages with EGCG and showed that EGCG up-regulated mRNA of IL10 and down-regulated mRNA of TNF and TLR4 in macrophages. This study suggests that EGCG may be involved in inflammation-related signaling pathways and plays a key role in the prevention and treatment of IBS by acting on disease targets such as TNF, TLR4, PTGS2, and IL10.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100432
Sara Pinto , Nelson Andrade , Francisca Carmo , Claúdia Silva , Fátima Martel
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death. One of the hallmarks of cancer cells consists in metabolic reprogramming, which includes the Warburg effect (“aerobic glycolysis”), “glutamine addiction” and “lactate shuttle” and are associated with overexpression in GLUT1 (facilitative glucose transporter 1), ASCT2 (alanine, serine and cysteine transporter 2) and MCT1 (monocarboxylate transporter 1). These cancer hallmarks offer advantages to cancer cell proliferation but also creates metabolic vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically targeted. In this work, we evaluated the effect of some carotenoids (astaxanthin, β-carotene, crocin and fucoxanthin) and polyphenols (chrysin, genistein, kaempferol and quercetin) on glucose (3H-DG), lactic acid (3H-L) and glutamine (3H-GLN) uptake by two PC cell lines, AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cell lines. Of the tested compounds, crocin and chrysin were the compounds with the more marked inhibitory effects. Crocin promoted a decrease in both 3H-DG and 3H-L uptake (10–20 %) and chrysin promoted a decrease in 3H-DG and 3H-GLN uptake ( ± 20 %) by AsPC-1 cells. We further verified that crocin and chrysin do not significantly alter GLUT1, ASCT2 and MCT1 gene expression, and that their cytotoxic effect is not changed by GLUT1, MCT1 and ASCT2 inhibitors. In conclusion, crocin and chrysin decrease AsPC-1 cell viability, most likely due to their inhibitory effect on glucose, lactic acid and glutamine uptake.
{"title":"The cytotoxic effect of crocin and chrysin on the AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line is related to inhibition of nutrient uptake","authors":"Sara Pinto , Nelson Andrade , Francisca Carmo , Claúdia Silva , Fátima Martel","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death. One of the hallmarks of cancer cells consists in metabolic reprogramming, which includes the Warburg effect (“aerobic glycolysis”), “glutamine addiction” and “lactate shuttle” and are associated with overexpression in GLUT1 (facilitative glucose transporter 1), ASCT2 (alanine, serine and cysteine transporter 2) and MCT1 (monocarboxylate transporter 1). These cancer hallmarks offer advantages to cancer cell proliferation but also creates metabolic vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically targeted. In this work, we evaluated the effect of some carotenoids (astaxanthin, β-carotene, crocin and fucoxanthin) and polyphenols (chrysin, genistein, kaempferol and quercetin) on glucose (<sup>3</sup>H-DG), lactic acid (<sup>3</sup>H-L) and glutamine (<sup>3</sup>H-GLN) uptake by two PC cell lines, AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cell lines. Of the tested compounds, crocin and chrysin were the compounds with the more marked inhibitory effects. Crocin promoted a decrease in both <sup>3</sup>H-DG and <sup>3</sup>H-L uptake (10–20 %) and chrysin promoted a decrease in <sup>3</sup>H-DG and <sup>3</sup>H-GLN uptake ( ± 20 %) by AsPC-1 cells. We further verified that crocin and chrysin do not significantly alter GLUT1, ASCT2 and MCT1 gene expression, and that their cytotoxic effect is not changed by GLUT1, MCT1 and ASCT2 inhibitors. In conclusion, crocin and chrysin decrease AsPC-1 cell viability, most likely due to their inhibitory effect on glucose, lactic acid and glutamine uptake.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100429
Anton Bermont , Daniel L. Cohen , Vered Richter , Rivka Hadar , Joseph Tam , Ayelet Wandel , Solli Brawer , Omer Grundman , Haim Shirin
Background
Fucoxanthin (FX), a carotenoid primarily found in brown seaweed and diatoms, has shown potential in addressing obesity and risk factors of metabolic syndrome, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). FucoVital®, a microalgae-derived FX, offers a clean and high-quality alternative to seaweed-based sources.
Objective
First, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of FucoVital® compared to a commercial FX product and Silymarin, a potential hepato-protective agent, in an in vitro fatty liver model. Second, the study assessed the impact of FucoVital® consumption on biochemical markers in a prospective clinical trial of NAFLD patients.
Methods
An in vitro fatty liver model was created using human hepatic HepG2 cells, which were treated with varying concentrations of FucoVital®, commercial FX, and Silymarin. In the clinical trial, 32 adults with NAFLD were randomized to receive either FucoVital® or placebo for 12 weeks, followed by an open-label phase with FucoVital®. The primary endpoint was changes in liver enzyme levels, while secondary endpoints included lipid profiles, glucose, and inflammatory markers.
Results
In vitro, FucoVital® significantly inhibited fatty acid accumulation, outperforming both commercial FX and Silymarin. In the clinical study, FucoVital® did not achieve the primary endpoint of reducing liver enzyme levels compared to placebo. However, it significantly reduced triglyceride levels (-16.33 mg/dl vs. +19.81 mg/dl; p = 0.031). Non-significant trends toward improved insulin and glucose levels were also observed.
Conclusion
FucoVital® effectively inhibited fatty acid accumulation in vitro. While it did not improve liver enzymes in the clinical trial, it significantly reduced triglyceride levels and showed trends toward better glucose and insulin regulation. These findings suggest FucoVital® may benefit patients with metabolic syndrome. Further studies are needed in larger and more diverse populations to better understand its metabolic effects and mechanisms of action in human liver health.
褐藻黄质（FX）是一种主要存在于褐藻和硅藻中的类胡萝卜素，已显示出在解决肥胖和代谢综合征（包括非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD））危险因素方面的潜力。FucoVital®是一种微藻衍生的FX，提供了一种清洁、高质量的海藻源替代品。首先，本研究旨在评估FucoVital®与商业FX产品和水飞蓟素（一种潜在的肝保护剂）在体外脂肪肝模型中的有效性。其次，该研究在一项NAFLD患者的前瞻性临床试验中评估了FucoVital®消费对生化指标的影响。方法采用不同浓度的FucoVital®、FX和水飞蓟素处理人肝HepG2细胞，建立体外脂肪肝模型。在临床试验中，32名成年NAFLD患者随机接受FucoVital®或安慰剂治疗12周，随后是FucoVital®的开放标签期。主要终点是肝酶水平的变化，而次要终点包括脂质谱、葡萄糖和炎症标志物。结果FucoVital®在体外显著抑制脂肪酸积累，优于商业FX和水飞蓟素。在临床研究中，与安慰剂相比，FucoVital®没有达到降低肝酶水平的主要终点。然而，它显著降低了甘油三酯水平(-16.33 mg/dl vs +19.81 mg/dl； = 0.031页)。胰岛素和血糖水平的改善也没有明显的趋势。结论fucovital®能有效抑制体外脂肪酸积累。虽然在临床试验中它没有改善肝酶，但它显著降低了甘油三酯水平，并显示出更好的血糖和胰岛素调节趋势。这些发现表明FucoVital®可能对代谢综合征患者有益。需要在更大和更多样化的人群中进行进一步的研究，以更好地了解其对人类肝脏健康的代谢作用和作用机制。
{"title":"FucoVital® inhibits fatty acid accumulation in liver cells in vitro and reduces triglycerides levels in patients with NAFLD","authors":"Anton Bermont , Daniel L. Cohen , Vered Richter , Rivka Hadar , Joseph Tam , Ayelet Wandel , Solli Brawer , Omer Grundman , Haim Shirin","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fucoxanthin (FX), a carotenoid primarily found in brown seaweed and diatoms, has shown potential in addressing obesity and risk factors of metabolic syndrome, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). FucoVital®, a microalgae-derived FX, offers a clean and high-quality alternative to seaweed-based sources.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>First, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of FucoVital® compared to a commercial FX product and Silymarin, a potential hepato-protective agent, in an <em>in vitro</em> fatty liver model. Second, the study assessed the impact of FucoVital® consumption on biochemical markers in a prospective clinical trial of NAFLD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An <em>in vitro</em> fatty liver model was created using human hepatic HepG2 cells, which were treated with varying concentrations of FucoVital®, commercial FX, and Silymarin. In the clinical trial, 32 adults with NAFLD were randomized to receive either FucoVital® or placebo for 12 weeks, followed by an open-label phase with FucoVital®. The primary endpoint was changes in liver enzyme levels, while secondary endpoints included lipid profiles, glucose, and inflammatory markers.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>In vitro</em>, FucoVital® significantly inhibited fatty acid accumulation, outperforming both commercial FX and Silymarin. In the clinical study, FucoVital® did not achieve the primary endpoint of reducing liver enzyme levels compared to placebo. However, it significantly reduced triglyceride levels (-16.33 mg/dl vs. +19.81 mg/dl; p = 0.031). Non-significant trends toward improved insulin and glucose levels were also observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>FucoVital® effectively inhibited fatty acid accumulation <em>in vitro</em>. While it did not improve liver enzymes in the clinical trial, it significantly reduced triglyceride levels and showed trends toward better glucose and insulin regulation. These findings suggest FucoVital® may benefit patients with metabolic syndrome. Further studies are needed in larger and more diverse populations to better understand its metabolic effects and mechanisms of action in human liver health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100431
Haneen Sabet , Abdallah Abbas , Ibraheem M alkhawaldeh , Shrouk Ramadan , Moaz Elsayed Abouelmagd , Ebrahem Salah Abdul-Hamid , Ahmed Elbataa , Mona Mahmoud Elsakka , Anas Mansour , Mostafa Hossam El Din Moawad , Aynur Ozge
Objective
To assess the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in migraine prophylaxis by examining their impact on migraine frequency, severity, duration, and quality of life, measured using the headache impact test-6 (HIT-6) score.
Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL until June 2024. Clinical trials evaluating the effect of omega-3 in migraine prevention were included. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB-1 for RCTs and ROBINS-1 for non-RCTs. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software, with heterogeneity assessed using chi-square and I² statistics. Subgroup analyses and leave-one-out analyses were conducted.
Results
Fourteen clinical trials involving 1944 patients were included, with nine studies in the meta-analysis. The overall results of omega-3 supplementation revealed a significant reduction in the migraine frequency (MD: -1.74 days per month, 95% CI: [-3.45, -0.03], P = 0.05) and severity of migraine attacks (SMD: -0.28, 95% CI: [-0.54, -0.02], P = 0.04 when compared to various comparators (placebo, sodium valproate, diet low in omega-6 fatty acids, and average US omega-3 and omega-6 intake). However, its effect on HIT-6 was not significant (MD: -8.9, 95 % CI: [-20.47, 2.67], P = 0.13), and its impact on migraine duration was also not significant (MD: -1.94 hours per episode, 95 % CI: [-4.24, 0.37], P = 0.1).
Conclusions
Omega-3 fatty acids effectively reduced the frequency and severity of migraine attacks but did not significantly reduce migraine duration and HIT-6. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and optimize dosing for migraine prevention.
目的通过头痛影响测试-6 （HIT-6）评分评估omega-3脂肪酸对偏头痛频率、严重程度、持续时间和生活质量的影响，以评估其在偏头痛预防中的功效。方法综合检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science和Cochrane CENTRAL，检索截止至2024年6月。评估omega-3在偏头痛预防中的作用的临床试验被纳入其中。随机对照试验采用ROBINS-1，非随机对照试验采用ROBINS-1评估偏倚风险。采用RevMan软件进行meta分析，采用卡方统计和I²统计评估异质性。进行亚组分析和留一分析。结果纳入14项临床试验，涉及1944例患者，其中9项研究纳入meta分析。总体结果显示，与各种比较（安慰剂、丙戊酸钠、低omega-6脂肪酸饮食和美国平均omega-3和omega-6摄入量）相比，omega-3补充剂显著降低了偏头痛的频率（MD：每月-1.74天，95% CI: [-3.45, -0.03], P = 0.05）和偏头痛发作的严重程度（SMD: -0.28, 95% CI: [-0.54, -0.02], P = 0.04）。然而，其对HIT-6的影响并不显著（MD: -8.9, 95 % CI: [-20.47, 2.67], P = 0.13），其对偏头痛持续时间的影响也不显著（MD: -1.94 小时/发作，95 % CI: [-4.24, 0.37], P = 0.1）。结论somega -3脂肪酸可有效降低偏头痛发作频率和严重程度，但对偏头痛病程和HIT-6无显著影响。需要进一步的研究来探索偏头痛预防的长期效果和优化剂量。
{"title":"Omega-3 supplementation in migraine prophylaxis: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Haneen Sabet , Abdallah Abbas , Ibraheem M alkhawaldeh , Shrouk Ramadan , Moaz Elsayed Abouelmagd , Ebrahem Salah Abdul-Hamid , Ahmed Elbataa , Mona Mahmoud Elsakka , Anas Mansour , Mostafa Hossam El Din Moawad , Aynur Ozge","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in migraine prophylaxis by examining their impact on migraine frequency, severity, duration, and quality of life, measured using the headache impact test-6 (HIT-6) score.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL until June 2024. Clinical trials evaluating the effect of omega-3 in migraine prevention were included. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB-1 for RCTs and ROBINS-1 for non-RCTs. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software, with heterogeneity assessed using chi-square and I² statistics. Subgroup analyses and leave-one-out analyses were conducted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fourteen clinical trials involving 1944 patients were included, with nine studies in the meta-analysis. The overall results of omega-3 supplementation revealed a significant reduction in the migraine frequency (MD: -1.74 days per month, 95% CI: [-3.45, -0.03], <em>P</em> = 0.05) and severity of migraine attacks (SMD: -0.28, 95% CI: [-0.54, -0.02], <em>P</em> = 0.04 when compared to various comparators (placebo, sodium valproate, diet low in omega-6 fatty acids, and average US omega-3 and omega-6 intake). However, its effect on HIT-6 was not significant (MD: -8.9, 95 % CI: [-20.47, 2.67], <em>P</em> = 0.13), and its impact on migraine duration was also not significant (MD: -1.94 hours per episode, 95 % CI: [-4.24, 0.37], P = 0.1).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Omega-3 fatty acids effectively reduced the frequency and severity of migraine attacks but did not significantly reduce migraine duration and HIT-6. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects and optimize dosing for migraine prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100430
Anushree Bose, Sanjay Sharma
Purpose
This review aims to analyze and compare the regulatory frameworks governing nutraceuticals in the USA, India, and European Union (EU). The primary research question explores how varying regulations impact the global market entry and safety of nutraceutical products, while identifying potential pathways for harmonizing international regulations.
Methods
A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on key regulatory documents and guidelines from the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) in the USA, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The study examined market entry processes, safety standards, toxicity testing, and health claim requirements across these regions.
Results
The findings indicate significant differences in regulatory approaches. The United States of America (USA) emphasizes post-market surveillance and manufacturer responsibility for product safety, while India follows a simpler registration process. Europe mandates rigorous pre-market approval and scientific validation of health claims. These disparities hinder the seamless integration of nutraceutical products into international markets.
Conclusions
The review highlights the growing need for harmonization of nutraceutical regulations globally. Unified guidelines could improve product safety, facilitate international market entry, and foster greater consumer trust. Regulatory convergence will be essential to ensure the sustainable growth of the nutraceutical industry.
{"title":"Global regulatory trends and comparative insights: Nutraceuticals in the USA, India, and Europe","authors":"Anushree Bose, Sanjay Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100430","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This review aims to analyze and compare the regulatory frameworks governing nutraceuticals in the USA, India, and European Union (EU). The primary research question explores how varying regulations impact the global market entry and safety of nutraceutical products, while identifying potential pathways for harmonizing international regulations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on key regulatory documents and guidelines from the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) in the USA, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The study examined market entry processes, safety standards, toxicity testing, and health claim requirements across these regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings indicate significant differences in regulatory approaches. The United States of America (USA) emphasizes post-market surveillance and manufacturer responsibility for product safety, while India follows a simpler registration process. Europe mandates rigorous pre-market approval and scientific validation of health claims. These disparities hinder the seamless integration of nutraceutical products into international markets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The review highlights the growing need for harmonization of nutraceutical regulations globally. Unified guidelines could improve product safety, facilitate international market entry, and foster greater consumer trust. Regulatory convergence will be essential to ensure the sustainable growth of the nutraceutical industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The protective effects of olive oil (OO) on metabolic health. Current research aims to elucidate the positive impacts of OO on emerging factors linked to metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. These factors encompass inflammation, oxidative stress, platelet aggregation, coagulation, endothelial function, and lipid profile.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, using the following keywords and combined synonyms: (”extra virgin olive oil”; ”virgin olive oil”; “metabolic syndrome”; “ type 2 diabetes”; ”diabetes mellitus”; “ obesity”; “atherosclerosis”; “Olive oil phenolic compounds”; “Olive oil polyphenols”; “ antioxidant activity”; and “Anti-inflammatory activity”).
Conclusion
Multiple studies have demonstrated that a diet rich in OO can aid in preventing atherosclerosis primarily by enhancing lipid profile. These favourable effects of OO are mainly ascribed to its abundance of phenolic compounds (PCs). Therefore, the bioactivity of olive oil phenolic compounds (OOPCs) could be related to various pharmacological characteristics such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, antimutagenic, and hypoglycemic properties. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (Tr), Oleuropein (OLP), Oleocanthal (OLC), and Oleacein (OLE) are the PCs mainly involved in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This review focuses on appraising the current knowledge on the effect of OO, particularly its PCs, on metabolic diseases and discussing the underlying mechanism by which it exerts its effect.
橄榄油对代谢健康的保护作用。目前的研究旨在阐明OO对代谢综合征、肥胖和2型糖尿病等代谢性疾病相关新因素的积极影响。这些因素包括炎症、氧化应激、血小板聚集、凝血、内皮功能和血脂。方法利用PubMed、谷歌Scholar、Scopus、Web of Science等多家电子数据库进行综合文献检索，检索关键词为“特级初榨橄榄油”；“初榨橄榄油”；“代谢综合症”;“2型糖尿病”；“糖尿病”;“肥胖”;“动脉粥样硬化”;“橄榄油酚类化合物”；“橄榄油多酚”；“抗氧化活性”；和“抗炎活性”)。结论多项研究表明，富含OO的饮食主要通过提高血脂水平来预防动脉粥样硬化。OO的这些有利作用主要归因于其丰富的酚类化合物（PCs）。因此，橄榄油酚类化合物（OOPCs）的生物活性可能与多种药理特性有关，如抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗血栓形成、抗诱变和降血糖等特性。羟基酪醇（HT）、酪醇（Tr）、橄榄苦苷（OLP）、油橄榄醇（OLC）和油橄榄醇（OLE）是主要参与抗氧化和抗炎活性的pc。这篇综述的重点是评价目前关于OO，特别是其pc对代谢性疾病的作用的知识，并讨论其发挥作用的潜在机制。
{"title":"Potential health benefits of olive oil polyphenols in metabolic disorders management","authors":"Kaoutar Boumezough , Mehdi Alami , Jamal Oubaouz , Mojgan Morvaridzadeh , Nada Zoubdane , Abdelouahed Khalil , M.’hamed Ramchoun , Ilham Zahir , Charles Ramassamy , Tamas Fulop , Hicham Berrougui","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The protective effects of olive oil (OO) on metabolic health. Current research aims to elucidate the positive impacts of OO on emerging factors linked to metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. These factors encompass inflammation, oxidative stress, platelet aggregation, coagulation, endothelial function, and lipid profile.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science, using the following keywords and combined synonyms: (”extra virgin olive oil”; ”virgin olive oil”; “metabolic syndrome”; “ type 2 diabetes”; ”diabetes mellitus”; “ obesity”; “atherosclerosis”; “Olive oil phenolic compounds”; “Olive oil polyphenols”; “ antioxidant activity”; and “Anti-inflammatory activity”).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Multiple studies have demonstrated that a diet rich in OO can aid in preventing atherosclerosis primarily by enhancing lipid profile. These favourable effects of OO are mainly ascribed to its abundance of phenolic compounds (PCs). Therefore, the bioactivity of olive oil phenolic compounds (OOPCs) could be related to various pharmacological characteristics such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-atherogenic, antithrombotic, antimutagenic, and hypoglycemic properties. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (Tr), Oleuropein (OLP), Oleocanthal (OLC), and Oleacein (OLE) are the PCs mainly involved in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This review focuses on appraising the current knowledge on the effect of OO, particularly its PCs, on metabolic diseases and discussing the underlying mechanism by which it exerts its effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"31 ","pages":"Article 100428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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