Pub Date : 2024-07-14DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100401
Mostafa Shahraki Jazinaki , Hossein Bahari , Yasaman Aali , Mohammad Rashidmayvan
Background
Omega-3 fatty acids have gained attention for their potential impact on appetite regulation and energy balance. Research suggests that omega-3 supplementation may influence leptin production and sensitivity, potentially affecting body weight and metabolic health. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of omega-3 supplementation on serum leptin levels.
Methods
A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted up to March 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find suitable randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The selected trials were subjected to heterogeneity tests using the I² statistic. Random effects models were examined based on the heterogeneity tests, and the pooled data were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMD) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI).
Results
Of the 357 papers, 25 eligible RCTs (with 29 treatment arms) were included in the present meta-analysis. Our findings indicated that omega-3 supplementation failed to change serum leptin levels significantly (WMD: −0.38 ng/mL; 95 %CI: −1.96–1.19; P =0.63). However, significant heterogeneity was detected among the included studies (I2 = 85.6 %, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
This meta-analysis revealed that omega-3 supplementation had no significant impact on circulating leptin levels. However, it seems that omega-3 supplementation with a dosage of more than 2 g/day may significantly reduce serum leptin levels.
{"title":"Impact of omega-3 supplementation on serum leptin levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Mostafa Shahraki Jazinaki , Hossein Bahari , Yasaman Aali , Mohammad Rashidmayvan","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Omega-3 fatty acids have gained attention for their potential impact on appetite regulation and energy balance. Research suggests that omega-3 supplementation may influence leptin production and sensitivity, potentially affecting body weight and metabolic health. Therefore, this meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of omega-3 supplementation on serum leptin levels.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted up to March 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find suitable randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The selected trials were subjected to heterogeneity tests using the I² statistic. Random effects models were examined based on the heterogeneity tests, and the pooled data were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMD) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 357 papers, 25 eligible RCTs (with 29 treatment arms) were included in the present meta-analysis. Our findings indicated that omega-3 supplementation failed to change serum leptin levels significantly (WMD: −0.38 ng/mL; 95 %CI: −1.96–1.19; P =0.63). However, significant heterogeneity was detected among the included studies (I<sup>2</sup> = 85.6 %, P < 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This meta-analysis revealed that omega-3 supplementation had no significant impact on circulating leptin levels. However, it seems that omega-3 supplementation with a dosage of more than 2 g/day may significantly reduce serum leptin levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141694085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich omega-3 fatty acids on dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease.
Methods
MADEOS is a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, which assessed the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on best corrected visual acuity, blood omega-6/omega-3 ratio, and perceived vision and mood using a questionnaire in patients with dry AMD or Stargardt disease. Participants received either the active product (3660 mg of EPA and DHA; 14 patients) or placebo (sunflower oil; 7 patients) daily for 24 weeks. Measurements were taken at screening (Visit 1), 12 weeks (Visit 3), and 24 weeks (Visit 4). Comparisons were made within and between groups.
Results
The mean letters gained at Visits 3 and 4 were significantly different between the groups (p=0.002). The active group showed a mean gain of 6 ETDRS letters from Visit 1 to Visit 4 (p=0.003). The mean arachidonic acid/EPA ratio in the active group significantly decreased from Visit 1 (5.84 ± 1.05) to Visit 4 (1.47 ± 0.16, p=0.002). The questionnaire scores were similar at Visit 3 but higher for the active group at Visit 4 (9.38 ± 3.35 vs. 7.28 ± 2.36).
Conclusion
EPA-rich omega-3 supplementation may improve both objective and subjective vision in patients with dry AMD or Stargardt disease, offering a potentially simple, safe, and cost-effective approach to enhancing quality of life.
{"title":"Eicosapentaenoic acid-rich omega-3 fatty acids supplementation may improve vision in dry age-related macular degeneration or Stargardt disease, as shown in MADEOS, a prospective, randomized, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study","authors":"Ekatherine Prokopiou , Panagiotis Kolovos , Haritini Tsangari , Saddek Mohand-Said , Luca Rossetti , Leonardo Mastropasqua , Francesco Bandello , Tassos Georgiou","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study investigates the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich omega-3 fatty acids on dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>MADEOS is a prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, which assessed the impact of omega-3 fatty acids on best corrected visual acuity, blood omega-6/omega-3 ratio, and perceived vision and mood using a questionnaire in patients with dry AMD or Stargardt disease. Participants received either the active product (3660 mg of EPA and DHA; 14 patients) or placebo (sunflower oil; 7 patients) daily for 24 weeks. Measurements were taken at screening (Visit 1), 12 weeks (Visit 3), and 24 weeks (Visit 4). Comparisons were made within and between groups.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean letters gained at Visits 3 and 4 were significantly different between the groups (p=0.002). The active group showed a mean gain of 6 ETDRS letters from Visit 1 to Visit 4 (p=0.003). The mean arachidonic acid/EPA ratio in the active group significantly decreased from Visit 1 (5.84 ± 1.05) to Visit 4 (1.47 ± 0.16, p=0.002). The questionnaire scores were similar at Visit 3 but higher for the active group at Visit 4 (9.38 ± 3.35 vs. 7.28 ± 2.36).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>EPA-rich omega-3 supplementation may improve both objective and subjective vision in patients with dry AMD or Stargardt disease, offering a potentially simple, safe, and cost-effective approach to enhancing quality of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434424000264/pdfft?md5=85a4d81c7eda2b13633958603a317c07&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434424000264-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141607673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100399
Morten Georg Jensen , Michael Goode , Michael Heinrich
Background
Mental health issues affect millions of people globally, imposing significant emotional and economic burdens. These involve multiple pathogenic mechanisms, including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. With an annual global death estimated at 9 million, neurological disorders are the second leading cause of death. This review aims to explore the benefits of 15 medicinal plants available within MEA and provide researchers with knowledge on how these herbal medicines could alleviate symptoms associated with changes in mental health.
Method
Academic databases were searched to find relevant studies on traditional medicinal herbs used in the MEA for the treatment of mental health related issues like sleep, anxiety and depression.
Result
The MEA region has the highest prevalence of major depressive and anxiety disorders globally, with conventional treatments often involving medications that alter neurotransmitters, potentially leading to adverse effects. Given the concerns about long-term drug use, there is growing interest in multi-targeted approaches using medicinal plants. These offer a cost-effective, less hazardous alternative, especially for those with chronic, comorbid conditions. Medicinal plant-based food supplements are increasing within the MEA region, where cultural and traditional usage of such plants is extensive. However, the practical application of these supplements is often limited in real-world scenarios.
Conclusion
While medicinal plant-based food supplements show potential as a cost-effective and a more suitable alternative for individuals with chronic and comorbid conditions in the MEA region, further research is needed to overcome the limitations in their practical application including a focus on real world data.
{"title":"Herbal medicines and botanicals for managing insomnia, stress, anxiety, and depression: A critical review of the emerging evidence focusing on the Middle East and Africa","authors":"Morten Georg Jensen , Michael Goode , Michael Heinrich","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mental health issues affect millions of people globally, imposing significant emotional and economic burdens. These involve multiple pathogenic mechanisms, including oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. With an annual global death estimated at 9 million, neurological disorders are the second leading cause of death. This review aims to explore the benefits of 15 medicinal plants available within MEA and provide researchers with knowledge on how these herbal medicines could alleviate symptoms associated with changes in mental health.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Academic databases were searched to find relevant studies on traditional medicinal herbs used in the MEA for the treatment of mental health related issues like sleep, anxiety and depression.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>The MEA region has the highest prevalence of major depressive and anxiety disorders globally, with conventional treatments often involving medications that alter neurotransmitters, potentially leading to adverse effects. Given the concerns about long-term drug use, there is growing interest in multi-targeted approaches using medicinal plants. These offer a cost-effective, less hazardous alternative, especially for those with chronic, comorbid conditions. Medicinal plant-based food supplements are increasing within the MEA region, where cultural and traditional usage of such plants is extensive. However, the practical application of these supplements is often limited in real-world scenarios.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>While medicinal plant-based food supplements show potential as a cost-effective and a more suitable alternative for individuals with chronic and comorbid conditions in the MEA region, further research is needed to overcome the limitations in their practical application including a focus on real world data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434424000252/pdfft?md5=b322cc8b1a69edcdd888a444f75244e0&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434424000252-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100393
Ana C. Silveira , Pedro Fontes Oliveira , Marco G. Alves , Luís Rato , Branca M. Silva
Background
Prediabetes (PrDM) poses a significant risk for the development of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Preventing the transition to type 2 DM is of utmost importance, and identifying novel dietary agents with both antioxidant and antidiabetic properties is crucial. This study aims to assess the potential of regular white tea (WTEA) consumption in alleviating the detrimental effects of PrDM on hepatic metabolism and redox state.
Methods
To achieve this, we divided 18 male Wistar rats into three groups: a control group and two prediabetes (PrDM) groups. In one of the PrDM groups, water consumption was replaced with white tea (WTEA). After a two-month period, we evaluated the hepatic metabolic profile using 1H NMR. Additionally, we measured total antioxidant potential, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and various oxidative parameters, including protein nitration and carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and levels of H2A.X and phosphorylated H2A.X.
Results
PrDM induced a decline in hepatic catabolic metabolism and the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and levels of phosphorylated H2A.X. However, when PrDM rats consumed WTEA, a remarkable restoration occurred. Specifically, WTEA intake reinstated glutathione reductase and catalase activities and elevated superoxide dismutase activity in the liver compared to normoglycemic conditions. Moreover, enhancements were noted in overall antioxidant capacity and a reduction in lipid peroxidation in the rat liver.
Conclusion
PrDM significantly impacts liver metabolism and antioxidant defenses, but the consumption of WTEA, a plant-based functional beverage, exhibits potent hepatoprotective capabilities against PrDM-induced oxidative stress.
{"title":"Daily white tea intake reprograms hepatic metabolism and improves the enzymatic antioxidant defence system of rats with prediabetes","authors":"Ana C. Silveira , Pedro Fontes Oliveira , Marco G. Alves , Luís Rato , Branca M. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Prediabetes (PrDM) poses a significant risk for the development of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Preventing the transition to type 2 DM is of utmost importance, and identifying novel dietary agents with both antioxidant and antidiabetic properties is crucial. This study aims to assess the potential of regular white tea (WTEA) consumption in alleviating the detrimental effects of PrDM on hepatic metabolism and redox state.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To achieve this, we divided 18 male Wistar rats into three groups: a control group and two prediabetes (PrDM) groups. In one of the PrDM groups, water consumption was replaced with white tea (WTEA). After a two-month period, we evaluated the hepatic metabolic profile using 1H NMR. Additionally, we measured total antioxidant potential, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and various oxidative parameters, including protein nitration and carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and levels of H2A.X and phosphorylated H2A.X.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PrDM induced a decline in hepatic catabolic metabolism and the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and levels of phosphorylated H2A.X. However, when PrDM rats consumed WTEA, a remarkable restoration occurred. Specifically, WTEA intake reinstated glutathione reductase and catalase activities and elevated superoxide dismutase activity in the liver compared to normoglycemic conditions. Moreover, enhancements were noted in overall antioxidant capacity and a reduction in lipid peroxidation in the rat liver.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>PrDM significantly impacts liver metabolism and antioxidant defenses, but the consumption of WTEA, a plant-based functional beverage, exhibits potent hepatoprotective capabilities against PrDM-induced oxidative stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common clinical condition worldwide that affects the health of women and their offspring. Theaim was to assess whether a protocol of vitamin D supplementation among women with GDM was efficient in increasing vitamin D levels at the end of pregnancy, and to explore whether the supplementation reduced the occurrence of adverse neonatal outcomes among those women.
Methods
A controlled clinical trial.Vitamin D was assessed at baseline (< 28 gestational weeks) and after 8 weeks of intervention and categorized as adequate (>30 ng/mL), insufficient (20–29.9 ng/mL), or deficient (<20 ng/mL). Women with insufficiency received 2000 UI daily of vitamin D supplementation and those with deficiency received 7000 UI daily for 8 weeks. The outcomes 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration at 28 weeks, glycemic control, total gestational weight gain, birth weight, and gestational age at birth. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables and Kruskall–Wallis test for continuous variables to compare the groups.
Results
At baseline, 59 pregnant women with GDM allocated to the study group were evaluated at baseline.Vitamin D status changed between the first and second examinations in 70 % of the women investigated. The insufficient and deficient groups showed a tendency towards improvement in glycemic control (p = 0.096). No differences were identified between the groups in terms of the neonatal variables.
Conclusion
Supplementation was effective in adjusting serum vitamin D levels, and its effect on glycemic control appeared promising in this preliminary investigation.
背景妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是世界上一种常见的临床病症，影响着妇女及其后代的健康。方法一项对照临床试验，在基线（28 孕周）和干预 8 周后对维生素 D 进行评估，并将其分为充足（30 毫微克/毫升）、不足（20-29.9 毫微克/毫升）和缺乏（20 毫微克/毫升）。维生素 D 不足的妇女每天补充 2000 UI，维生素 D 缺乏的妇女每天补充 7000 UI，连续补充 8 周。研究结果包括28周时的25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]浓度、血糖控制、妊娠总增重、出生体重和出生时的胎龄。统计分析包括分类变量的卡方检验（Chi-squared）或费雪精确检验（Fisher's exact），以及连续变量的Kruskall-Wallis检验（Kruskall-Wallis test），以对各组进行比较。维生素 D 不足组和缺乏组的血糖控制有改善趋势（p = 0.096）。结论在这项初步调查中，补充维生素 D 能有效调整血清维生素 D 水平，对血糖控制的效果也很好。
{"title":"Effective vitamin D supplementation among women with gestational diabetes and perinatal outcomes: Results of a clinical trial","authors":"Nathalia Ferreira Antunes de Almeida , Claudia Saunders , Thais Rangel Bousquet Carrilho , Lenita Zajdenverg , Cleber Nascimento do Carmo , Elisabete Caldeiras Queiroz Neves , Juliana Braga , Bárbara Folino Nascimento , Mayara Santos , Patricia de Carvalho Padilha","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common clinical condition worldwide that affects the health of women and their offspring. Theaim was to assess whether a protocol of vitamin D supplementation among women with GDM was efficient in increasing vitamin D levels at the end of pregnancy, and to explore whether the supplementation reduced the occurrence of adverse neonatal outcomes among those women.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A controlled clinical trial.Vitamin D was assessed at baseline (< 28 gestational weeks) and after 8 weeks of intervention and categorized as adequate (<u>></u>30 ng/mL), insufficient (20–29.9 ng/mL), or deficient (<20 ng/mL). Women with insufficiency received 2000 UI daily of vitamin D supplementation and those with deficiency received 7000 UI daily for 8 weeks. The outcomes 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration at 28 weeks, glycemic control, total gestational weight gain, birth weight, and gestational age at birth. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables and Kruskall–Wallis test for continuous variables to compare the groups.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At baseline, 59 pregnant women with GDM allocated to the study group were evaluated at baseline.Vitamin D status changed between the first and second examinations in 70 % of the women investigated. The insufficient and deficient groups showed a tendency towards improvement in glycemic control (p = 0.096). No differences were identified between the groups in terms of the neonatal variables.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Supplementation was effective in adjusting serum vitamin D levels, and its effect on glycemic control appeared promising in this preliminary investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"29 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100392
Hussein Riyadh Abdul Kareem Al-Hetty , Abdulrahman T. Ahmed , Hiba Muwafaq Saleem , Haitham L. Abdulhadi , Thikra Majid Muhammed , Loay H. Ali
Background
Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer that originates in the cells of the bladder. Research studies have indicated that green tea has positive effects on human health, including its ability to combat cancer. Catechins, which account for 12–25 percent of the dried weight of green tea, are one of its main components. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to examine the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on bladder cancer.
Method
The study followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements . We searched various databases including Web of Sciences, PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, and the Cochrane databases, up until October 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the data and assessed the risk of bias. After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 34 studies were included in the analysis.
Results
The evidence from the study indicates that EGCG can regulate the progression of bladder cancer through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include reducing inflammation, decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), managing oxidative stress (OS), inhibiting angiogenesis, suppressing cancer cell proliferation, controlling the cell cycle, inducing autophagy, stimulating tumor gene suppressors (TGS), and promoting apoptosis.
Conclusion
Based on the substantial beneficial effects of EGCG on bladder cancer progression, it has the potential to be used as a therapeutic approach. However, it is important to note that there is a lack of clinical trials involving human subjects. Therefore, further research involving human participants is necessary to reach a more precise conclusion.
背景膀胱癌是一种常见的癌症，起源于膀胱细胞。研究表明，绿茶对人体健康有积极影响，包括抗癌能力。儿茶素占绿茶干重的 12-25%，是绿茶的主要成分之一。在这项研究中，我们对文献进行了系统性回顾，以研究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对膀胱癌的影响。我们检索了截至 2022 年 10 月的各种数据库，包括 Web of Sciences、PubMed、Embase、Science Direct、Scopus 和 Cochrane 数据库。两名审稿人独立筛选数据并评估偏倚风险。结果研究证据表明，EGCG 可以通过多种机制调节膀胱癌的进展。这些机制包括减少炎症、减少活性氧（ROS）的产生、控制氧化应激（OS）、抑制血管生成、抑制癌细胞增殖、控制细胞周期、诱导自噬、刺激肿瘤基因抑制因子（TGS）以及促进细胞凋亡。然而，值得注意的是，目前还缺乏涉及人体的临床试验。因此，有必要进一步开展以人为对象的研究，以得出更准确的结论。
{"title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of epigallocatechin gallate on bladder cancer: A comprehensive systematic review","authors":"Hussein Riyadh Abdul Kareem Al-Hetty , Abdulrahman T. Ahmed , Hiba Muwafaq Saleem , Haitham L. Abdulhadi , Thikra Majid Muhammed , Loay H. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer that originates in the cells of the bladder. Research studies have indicated that green tea has positive effects on human health, including its ability to combat cancer. Catechins, which account for 12–25 percent of the dried weight of green tea, are one of its main components. In this study, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to examine the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on bladder cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The study followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements . We searched various databases including Web of Sciences, PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, and the Cochrane databases, up until October 2022<strong>.</strong> Two reviewers independently screened the data and assessed the risk of bias. After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 34 studies were included in the analysis<strong>.</strong></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The evidence from the study indicates that EGCG can regulate the progression of bladder cancer through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include reducing inflammation, decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), managing oxidative stress (OS), inhibiting angiogenesis, suppressing cancer cell proliferation, controlling the cell cycle, inducing autophagy, stimulating tumor gene suppressors (TGS), and promoting apoptosis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on the substantial beneficial effects of EGCG on bladder cancer progression, it has the potential to be used as a therapeutic approach. However, it is important to note that there is a lack of clinical trials involving human subjects. Therefore, further research involving human participants is necessary to reach a more precise conclusion<strong>.</strong></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141239948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100391
Luis E. Simental-Mendía , Yéssika Weyman-Vela , Mario Simental-Mendía
Background
It has been suggested the potential uric acid-lowering effect of vitamin D; however, clinical trials evaluating the impact of vitamin D administration on serum uric acid levels are scarce. The aim of this meta-analysis of clinical trials was to examine the effect of vitamin D administration on serum uric acid concentrations.
Methods
A systematic search was performed in PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases. Randomized clinical trials (parallel or cross-over design) with data at baseline and at the end of intervention. Trials without intervention, without control group, and incomplete data of uric acid concentrations were excluded. A random-effects model and sensitivity analysis generic inverse variance method were used for the meta-analysis.
Results
Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model and sensitivity analysis. The meta-analysis of seven clinical trials, involving 959 participants, indicated a significant reduction of uric acid levels after vitamin D administration (WMD: −16.64 µmol/L, 95% CI: −25.25, −8.03, p <0.001, I2 = 74%). Additionally, the impact of this vitamin on uric acid concentrations was robust in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.
Discussion
Given that few clinical trials were included, the number of subjects analyzed was limited. However, our results suggest that vitamin D administration is associated with a significant reduction in the levels of serum uric acid in randomized clinical trials.
背景人们认为维生素 D 有降低尿酸的潜在作用，但评估服用维生素 D 对血清尿酸水平影响的临床试验却很少。本临床试验荟萃分析旨在研究服用维生素 D 对血清尿酸浓度的影响。方法在 PubMed-MEDLINE、Scopus、Web of Science、ClinicalTrials.gov 和 Google Scholar 数据库中进行了系统检索。有基线和干预结束时数据的随机临床试验（平行或交叉设计）。没有干预措施、没有对照组以及尿酸浓度数据不完整的试验均被排除在外。荟萃分析采用了随机效应模型和敏感性分析通用逆方差法。对七项临床试验（涉及 959 名参与者）进行的荟萃分析表明，服用维生素 D 后尿酸水平显著降低（WMD：-16.64 µmol/L，95% CI：-25.25，-8.03，p <0.001，I2 = 74%）。讨论鉴于纳入的临床试验较少，分析的受试者人数有限。然而，我们的研究结果表明，在随机临床试验中，服用维生素 D 可显著降低血清尿酸水平。
{"title":"Effect of vitamin D administration on serum uric acid concentrations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials","authors":"Luis E. Simental-Mendía , Yéssika Weyman-Vela , Mario Simental-Mendía","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>It has been suggested the potential uric acid-lowering effect of vitamin D; however, clinical trials evaluating the impact of vitamin D administration on serum uric acid levels are scarce. The aim of this meta-analysis of clinical trials was to examine the effect of vitamin D administration on serum uric acid concentrations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic search was performed in PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases. Randomized clinical trials (parallel or cross-over design) with data at baseline and at the end of intervention. Trials without intervention, without control group, and incomplete data of uric acid concentrations were excluded. A random-effects model and sensitivity analysis generic inverse variance method were used for the meta-analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model and sensitivity analysis. The meta-analysis of seven clinical trials, involving 959 participants, indicated a significant reduction of uric acid levels after vitamin D administration (WMD: −16.64 µmol/L, 95% CI: −25.25, −8.03, <em>p</em> <0.001, <em>I</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> = 74%). Additionally, the impact of this vitamin on uric acid concentrations was robust in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Given that few clinical trials were included, the number of subjects analyzed was limited. However, our results suggest that vitamin D administration is associated with a significant reduction in the levels of serum uric acid in randomized clinical trials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100390
Sara Sayonara da Cruz Nascimento , Thaís Souza Passos , Francisco Canindé de Sousa Júnior
Background
Plant-based food matrices have been increasingly used as vehicles for probiotics due to their high nutritional and bioactive value. Therefore, this review summarizes the health benefits of plant-based food matrices probiotics focusing on in vitro and in vivo studies.
Methods
A narrative literature review was performed to select articles published between 2015 and 2024. The Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE scientific databases were used. Full articles that evaluated the health benefits of consuming plant-based food matrices probiotics performed in vitro and in vivo (animal models and clinical trials in humans) were selected.
Results
From the scientific evidence, it was possible to highlight the health benefits of probiotics in plant-based food matrices and their association with bioactive compounds treating various diseases, proving beneficial effects in treating cancer, liver diseases, obesity, and related chronic diseases and inflammatory diseases. However, it was noted that clinical trials are still needed to confirm these effects in humans.
Conclusions
Plant-based food matrices probiotics have proven beneficial effects in various diseases based on in vitro and animal model studies. However, clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects.
背景由于植物基食品基质具有很高的营养和生物活性价值，因此越来越多地用作益生菌的载体。因此，本综述总结了植物性食品基质益生菌对健康的益处，重点关注体外和体内研究。采用 Scopus、Science Direct、Web of Science、PubMed 和 EMBASE 等科学数据库。结果从科学证据中可以突出植物性食品基质中益生菌的健康益处及其与治疗各种疾病的生物活性化合物的关联，证明其对治疗癌症、肝脏疾病、肥胖症以及相关慢性病和炎症性疾病有益。结论根据体外和动物模型研究，植物基食物基质中的益生菌已被证明对各种疾病有益。然而，还需要进行临床试验来证实这些效果。
{"title":"Probiotics in plant-based food matrices: A review of their health benefits","authors":"Sara Sayonara da Cruz Nascimento , Thaís Souza Passos , Francisco Canindé de Sousa Júnior","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Plant-based food matrices have been increasingly used as vehicles for probiotics due to their high nutritional and bioactive value. Therefore, this review summarizes the health benefits of plant-based food matrices probiotics focusing on <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A narrative literature review was performed to select articles published between 2015 and 2024. The Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE scientific databases were used. Full articles that evaluated the health benefits of consuming plant-based food matrices probiotics performed <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> (animal models and clinical trials in humans) were selected.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From the scientific evidence, it was possible to highlight the health benefits of probiotics in plant-based food matrices and their association with bioactive compounds treating various diseases, proving beneficial effects in treating cancer, liver diseases, obesity, and related chronic diseases and inflammatory diseases. However, it was noted that clinical trials are still needed to confirm these effects in humans.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Plant-based food matrices probiotics have proven beneficial effects in various diseases based on <em>in vitro</em> and animal model studies. However, clinical trials are needed to confirm these effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100390"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141025484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-23DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100389
Rita Ribeiro-Oliveira , Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Joana Beatriz Sousa , Isabel M.P.L.V.O. Ferreira , Silvia M. Arribas , Carmen Diniz
Background
Peptides derived from brewer’s spent grain (BSG) and yeast (BSY) are promising natural substitutes of synthetic drugs to manage hypertension as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). However, their impact on the vascular function, so far, remains to be verified. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the effect of brewing peptides on the arterial vasocontractile response to angiotensin (Ang) I (through vascular ACE-inhibition) to estimate their antihypertensive potential. The impact of the oral route (gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal absorption, and liver metabolism) in brewing peptides was also investigated.
Methods
Iliac arteries from adult spontaneously hypertensive rats were studied with isometric tension recording. After ensuring the function integrity of the arteries, concentration-response curves to addition of Ang I (10−9-10−6 M) were performed after 30 min incubation with MIX (50:50 mixture of BSG:BSY) or BSG (0.86 mg/mL), or captopril (an ACE-inhibitory drug) or Krebs solution.
Results
MIX peptides (without simulated oral administration) enhanced Ang I-induced vasoconstriction, but lacked vascular effects after simulated oral administration. By contrast, BSG peptides (without simulated oral administration) did not exhibit vascular effects, whereas they promoted a marked decrease in vasocontraction evoked by the generated Ang II after simulation of the oral route, implying their capability to inhibit ACE. Additionally, to elucidate this inhibitory mechanism, Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated a mixed inhibition type.
Conclusion
With simulation of the oral route, BSG peptides were able to inhibit vascular ACE with a similar efficacy as the antihypertensive drug captopril, suggesting the potential to mitigate the burden of hypertension.
背景从啤酒糟（BSG）和酵母（BSY）中提取的肽作为血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）的抑制剂，是治疗高血压的合成药物的天然替代品，前景广阔。然而，迄今为止，它们对血管功能的影响仍有待验证。因此，我们旨在评估酿造肽对血管紧张素（Ang）I（通过血管ACE抑制）的动脉血管收缩反应的影响，以估计其抗高血压的潜力。此外，还研究了口服途径（胃肠道消化、肠道吸收和肝脏代谢）对酿造肽的影响。方法通过等长张力记录对成年自发性高血压大鼠的髂动脉进行研究。在确保动脉功能完整后，用 MIX（50:50 的 BSG:BSY 混合物）或 BSG（0.86 毫克/毫升）、卡托普利（ACE 抑制药物）或克雷布斯溶液孵育 30 分钟后，对加入 Ang I（10-9-10-6 M）进行浓度反应曲线分析。与此相反，BSG 肽（未模拟口服）未表现出血管效应，但在模拟口服途径后，它们促进了由生成的 Ang II 诱导的血管收缩的明显减少，这意味着它们具有抑制 ACE 的能力。此外，为了阐明这种抑制机制，Michaelis-Menten 和 Lineweaver-Burk 图显示了一种混合抑制类型。结论通过模拟口服途径，BSG 肽能够抑制血管 ACE，其疗效与降压药卡托普利相似，这表明它们具有减轻高血压负担的潜力。
{"title":"Managing hypertension using brewing bioactive peptides as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: Impact on vascular tone through ex vivo assays","authors":"Rita Ribeiro-Oliveira , Pilar Rodríguez-Rodríguez , Joana Beatriz Sousa , Isabel M.P.L.V.O. Ferreira , Silvia M. Arribas , Carmen Diniz","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Peptides derived from brewer’s spent grain (BSG) and yeast (BSY) are promising natural substitutes of synthetic drugs to manage hypertension as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). However, their impact on the vascular function, so far, remains to be verified. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the effect of brewing peptides on the arterial vasocontractile response to angiotensin (Ang) I (through vascular ACE-inhibition) to estimate their antihypertensive potential. The impact of the oral route (gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal absorption, and liver metabolism) in brewing peptides was also investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Iliac arteries from adult spontaneously hypertensive rats were studied with isometric tension recording. After ensuring the function integrity of the arteries, concentration-response curves to addition of Ang I (10<sup>−9</sup>-10<sup>−6</sup> M) were performed after 30 min incubation with MIX (50:50 mixture of BSG:BSY) or BSG (0.86 mg/mL), or captopril (an ACE-inhibitory drug) or Krebs solution.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>MIX peptides (without simulated oral administration) enhanced Ang I-induced vasoconstriction, but lacked vascular effects after simulated oral administration. By contrast, BSG peptides (without simulated oral administration) did not exhibit vascular effects, whereas they promoted a marked decrease in vasocontraction evoked by the generated Ang II after simulation of the oral route, implying their capability to inhibit ACE. Additionally, to elucidate this inhibitory mechanism, Michaelis-Menten and Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated a mixed inhibition type.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>With simulation of the oral route, BSG peptides were able to inhibit vascular ACE with a similar efficacy as the antihypertensive drug captopril, suggesting the potential to mitigate the burden of hypertension.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140784284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-22DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100386
Mathilde Touvier, Pilar Galan, Chantal Julia, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Bernard Srour, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Valentina A. Andreeva, Serge Hercberg
{"title":"Rebuttal to the (pre-proof) paper published by S. Peters and H. Verhagen","authors":"Mathilde Touvier, Pilar Galan, Chantal Julia, Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy, Bernard Srour, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Valentina A. Andreeva, Serge Hercberg","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"28 ","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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